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Countermeasures to Protect Bridge Piers from Scour Reference COUNTERMEASURES TO PROTECT BRIDGE PIERS FROM SCOUR REFERENCE DOCUMENT Prepared for National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Board National Research Council TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NAS-NRC PRIVILEGED DOCUMENT This report, not released for publication, is furnished only for review to members of or participants in the work of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). It is to be regarded as fully privileged, and dissemination of the information included herein must be approved by the NCHRP. P.F. Lagasse, P.E. Clopper, L.W. Zevenbergen, and L.G. Girard Ayres Associates Inc 3665 John F. Kennedy Parkway Building 2, Suite 200 Fort Collins, Colorado 80525 December 2006 COUNTERMEASURES TO PROTECT BRIDGE PIERS FROM SCOUR REFERENCE DOCUMENT Prepared for National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Board National Research Council P.O. Box 270460 Fort Collins, Colorado 80527 (970) 223-5556, FAX (970) 223-5578 Ayres Project No. 32-0430.00 2407-REF.DOC December 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE NCHRP 24-07(2) LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAM 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................1.1 1.1 Background............................................................................................................1.1 1.2 Testing Program Summary ....................................................................................1.1 2. Testing Facilities and Protocols ....................................................................................2.1 2.1 Indoor Flumes........................................................................................................2.1 2.1.1 Eight-Foot Flume ............................................................................................2.1 2.1.2 Test Procedure and Data Acquisition .............................................................2.2 2.2 Two-Foot Flume.....................................................................................................2.4 2.2.1 Flume Modifications........................................................................................2.7 2.2.2 Test Procedure and Data Acquisition .............................................................2.8 3. Unprotected Piers .........................................................................................................3.1 3.1 Bed Material and Incipient Motion..........................................................................3.1 3.2 Predicted Scour .....................................................................................................3.2 3.3 Testing ...................................................................................................................3.4 4. Riprap ...........................................................................................................................4.1 4.1 Materials ................................................................................................................4.1 4.1.1 Armor Stone....................................................................................................4.1 4.1.2 Filters..............................................................................................................4.2 4.2 Riprap Tests...........................................................................................................4.5 4.2.1 Overview.........................................................................................................4.5 4.2.2 Test 3..............................................................................................................4.5 4.2.3 Test 4..............................................................................................................4.8 4.2.4 Test 5............................................................................................................4.10 4.2.5 Test 6............................................................................................................4.10 4.2.6 Test 7............................................................................................................4.10 4.2.7 Test 8............................................................................................................4.10 4.2.8 Test 9............................................................................................................4.13 4.2.9 Test 11..........................................................................................................4.13 4.2.10 Test 12..........................................................................................................4.15 4.2.11 Test 13..........................................................................................................4.15 4.3 Mounded Riprap ..................................................................................................4.15 i Ayres Associates 4.3.1 Test C16 .......................................................................................................4.15 4.4 Skewed Piers.......................................................................................................4.19 4.4.1 Test C12 .......................................................................................................4.19 4.4.2 Test C14 .......................................................................................................4.19 5. Articulating Concrete Blocks .........................................................................................5.1 5.1 Materials ................................................................................................................5.1 5.2 Testing ...................................................................................................................5.1 5.2.1 Overview.........................................................................................................5.1 5.2.2 Test 11............................................................................................................5.2 5.2.3 Test 12............................................................................................................5.5 5.2.4 Test 13............................................................................................................5.5 5.2.5 Test 14............................................................................................................5.6 5.2.6 Test 18............................................................................................................5.6 6. Partially Grouted Riprap................................................................................................6.1 6.1 Indoor Tests...........................................................................................................6.1 6.1.1 Materials .........................................................................................................6.1 6.1.2 Indoor Flume Testing......................................................................................6.2 6.1.3 Test 15............................................................................................................6.4 6.1.4 Test 16............................................................................................................6.4 6.1.5 Test 17............................................................................................................6.5 6.1.6 Test 18............................................................................................................6.6 6.2 Prototype Scale Tests............................................................................................6.6 6.2.1 Materials .........................................................................................................6.7 6.2.2 Tarbela Flume.................................................................................................6.9 6.2.3 Installation ....................................................................................................6.10 6.2.4 Test Procedure and Data Acquisition ...........................................................6.10 6.2.5 Test C1 .........................................................................................................6.13 6.2.6 High Velocity Test.........................................................................................6.23 6.2.7 Test C20 .......................................................................................................6.24 7. Gabion Mattresses........................................................................................................7.1 7.1 Materials ................................................................................................................7.1 7.2 Testing ...................................................................................................................7.1 7.3 Shear Stress Testing .............................................................................................7.3 7.4 Test C3 ..................................................................................................................7.4 7.5 Test C4 ..................................................................................................................7.4 7.6 Test C5 ..................................................................................................................7.6 7.7 Test C19 ................................................................................................................7.8
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