Thoreau Society Bulletin
ISSN 0040-6406 Number 225 Fall 1998
True Fugitives: On Tomas Transtrdmer and Thoreau HennkCustafssonandNikiasScNbier
Arguably the nation's leading poet, poetry? A few broad generalizations might twisted treeroots sound and leaves
Tomas Transtromer (1931- ) is also be attempted^with the caveat that they scatter in fright.
Sweden's most acclaimed writer inevitably reduce to content what is also
Autumn's headlong is his light cloak, , abroad. His volumes of poetry have been form. Transtromer has long been a poet of chase flapping until again from frost and ashes translated into nearly fifty languages, and -sceneries wherein ordinary events and calm days have come in flock to bathe their he has been named by Joseph Brodsky, natural surroundings are visualized with claws in spring. ... Derek Walcott and most recently Wislawa remarkable insight and compression. His
Szymborska as a prime candidate for the poetry is also infused, however, with Disbelieved goes the one who has seen a geyser, Nobel Prize in literature. 'To date, his mysteriousness and liberating epipha- fled the stagnant well like Thoreau and knowing ^national and international awards include nies—somewhat akin to what American thus to vanish deep in inner verdure, 'the Swedish Pilot Prize (1988), the Nordic psychologist Abraham H. Maslow has called cunning and hopeful.
Council's Prize for Literature (1990), "peak experience." A recurrent theme is
Germany's Petrarch Prize (1981), and the thus a quest for clarity (even, perhaps, for continued on page 3
Neustadt International Prize for Literature transcendence) that is often carried through
(1990). Transtromer's poetry has also by giddily daring metaphor. It is perhaps drawn considerable critical attention. In not surprising, given these inclinations, that In This Issue Sweden there are a number of book-length Transtromer should display a keen interest 2 Editor's Column studies of his work, while internationally a in Henry Thoreau. Michael Berger score of distinguished journals have pro- In his 1954 debut 17 dikter (17 Poems), filed Transtromer's poetry. In the United Transtromer dedicates a poem to Thoreau. 5 President's Column
States, for example, issues of Ironwood It is interesting both as an instance of Elizabeth Witherell (1979:13) and World Literature Today reception and as a poem in its own right. 6 Notes & Queries (1990:4) have been devoted entirely to Below we present a translation of "Fern
articles on and translations of strofer till Thoreau," followed by a discus- 8 Curator's Column
1 Transtromer. In 1985 a dissertation on his sion of the poem's traits and background: ..Susan Godlewski poetry was presented at Berkeley: Joanna 9 Oliver's "Going to Walden" Bankier's The Sense of Time in the Poetry of Five Stanzas to Thoreau Tomas Transtrdmer. A..i« /. John Chamberlain Dividing his time between Vasteras Yet another has left the heavy town's 1 Thoreau and Houghton ring of ravenous stones. Crystal and salty and the secluded island of in Runmaro Mifflin Wesley T. Mott is the water merging round the heads of all Sweden's Baltic archipelago, Transtromer true fugitives. Encyclopedia of American practiced for many years as a psychologist beside his literary work. In 1990 he suf- Poetry Joel Myerson Here in a slow swirl silence has risen fered a stroke, effectively disarming his from earth's midst, to take root and grow I I Additions to the speech failing yet to silence his poetic and with bushy crown shadow the man's -Thoreau Bibliography Jvoice. In 1996 his latest volume of poetry, sunwarm doorstep. Michael Berger Sorgegondolen (The Sorrow Gondola), was
released to unanimous acclaim. The foot absently kicks a fungus. A thunder- 1 2 Calendar
What is the character of Transtromer's cloud swells on the horizon. Like copper horns Editor's Column Michael Berger
Since this is the first issue of the Bulletin justice to both was courageous and quite tions produce the Bulletin. under my editorship, I will step out suggestive for us today when the methods I hope this bulletin will continue to from behind the editor's royal. "we" and and products of science are increasingly serve in important ways by acting as an
say a few words of personal greeting. dominant cultural forces. In all this, organ for the flow of information and The Thoreau Society Bulletin, and the Thoreau shows ways to right some of the communication between members of the Thoreau Society, are said to be the longest deep imbalances of modern culture and to Thoreau Society, and by publishing brief
running entities of their kind devoted to heal some of its ills, and to celebrate and but significant pieces of scholarship and an American literary figure. Throughout cultivate some of the inherent possibilities thoughtful reflection, as well as keeping
this century there has been an enduring of human life in any cultural context. tabs on scholarship and journalism about and growing interest in Henry D. Thoreau. For these and other reasons, I'm Thoreau as these continue to flourish. There are various good reasons for this delighted to take on the editing of the _The regular features of the Bulletin you are
continuing response and enthusiasm. Thoreau Society Bulletin. Like many mem- used to will continue, and I hope to be
I will note a few. bers of the Society, I first read Thoreau's able to bring you an interesting array of
There is, of course, the beauty and words in my youth. I caught the bug, articles with each issue. There will be a grace of Thoreau's writing. His writing appropriately, reading Walden during one regular flow of information for purposes also calls forth a lively introspection and of many family camping trips to the of Society housekeeping and development;
examination of one's own life and of the woods. I am if anything more impressed as regular columns by the President, the
health and ways of the society in which time flies by with the beauty of Thoreau's Curator of the collections of the Thoreau
one lives. It is impossible to enjoy artistry and the importance of Thoreau's Institute, the Director of the Media Center Thoreau's words for long in the abstract. message to the world. at the Thoreau Institute, and the Director He speaks to urgent questions of how to Some can spend a lifetime studying of Education Programs at the Institute; live and what to live for very pointedly and Thoreau and still not be satisfied that occasional updates from the Publications at the same time elegantly. Legion are the they've plumbed the depths of what he Committee, book reviews, and Notes from
people he deeply influenced who have meant by his life and writings. One who Thoreau Country with information about then shaped the world in significant ways, did devote a lifetime to Thoreau studies preservation and conservation efforts in such as Gandhi, King and Carson, and was the late Walter Harding, the longtime Concord and other places associated with
many others. His voice is sometimes diffi- editor of this bulletin and guiding spirit of Thoreau; as well as the Calendar, the Notes^
cult to hear, but if one ever feels scolded or the Thoreau Society. There is seemingly no and Queries section, and Additions to the judged, one also feels that here is a fellow one alive today with Walter's depth and Thoreau Bibliography in each issue, and who takes a lively interest in the most breadth of knowledge about Thoreau and other occasional features.
important things for the best reasons, for that reason, and because he was a I heartily thank President Beth which is a kind of ultimate respect a writer splendid human being, he is dearly missed. Witherell and the members of the Board
can pay a reader. If he does not always Although I cannot hope to aspire to for entrusting me with this pleasant duty.
make the most affable society, he is reliably Walter Harding's funds of knowledge, I I will try to carry it out in a professional the best companion for the best in us. am acutely aware of his long association manner, but also in the true amateur
Wherever a human being fronts essential with this bulletin as its magisterial editor, spirit, which is to say (turning to the root facts, other human beings will be interested and do hope to take inspiration and meaning of the word, as Thoreau so often in the report. Thoreau fronted lots of guidance from his accomplishments and does) with love for the subject and love for them, and gave a fair report of much of example. I'd also like to recognize the the work. what he saw. His hardy independence and indefatigable Brad Dean, whom Walter And so, for now I will retire back cussedness against the conventional grain entrusted with the editorship when he behind the anonymous editorial "we" and
are healthy tonics. And yet, his earnestness stepped down from it, and who has done wish you all good reading, of the Bulletin
is also redeemed by sparkling wit and good and is doing so much to disperse knowl- and especially of HDT. humor. His diving deep into spiritual edge about Thoreau's previously unknown pilgrimage stimulates and encourages. His late natural history writings, chiefly by the insight into environmental and ecological agency of books, Web sites, and talks. Tom Could a greater miracle problems and dynamics was amazingly Harris, the Society's sedulous Executive take place than ror us to prescient and is increasingly pertinent. His Director-of-all-things-at-once, has pitched philosophical importance has not been in to sustain the Bulletin in the transition look through each other s sufficiently noted: he was, among other and will continue to be a great help as I get things, a serious scientific researcher who going as editor. I'm grateful to Tom, and eyes for an instant? also maintained a poet's outlook and to Karen Merrill, our Graphic Designer vvu/aen voice, and his grappling with the tensions and Illustrator, and the other good folks and problems involved in striving to do whose hard work and careful contribu- —-
True Fugitives, from page 1
First published in 1951 as a contribu- a seemingly innocent act. The careless vio- town; life versus death (in the spring-
tion to BLM (Bonnier 's Literary Journal), lence to a fungus apparently causes the sur- greenery as against the frost and ashes of the poem has since undefgone a reduction rounding environment to cry foul, thus autumn and winter); growth versus stag- from eight stanzas to five—to trim away eliciting a parallel reaction on a larger scale: nancy (the swirling, spurting water of a "juvenile sections" as Transtromer has wind tears, leaves fall, and autumn arrives geyser and the expansion of greenery as
2 stated. The original title had an evident like an Angel of Death. One critic has even contrasted to the frost and stagnant, rocky Horatian ring: "Ode to Thoreau," and suggested that the fungus and thunder- well); receptivity (to the gifts of nature) while Transtromer later opted to drop this cloud allude to the billowing cloud of a versus ravenousness; faith versus disbelief. 5 title he did retain the meter: the verse in nuclear explosion. While this may be a Further, an organic correspondence
Swedish is Sapphic in both versions. (We tendentious extrapolation, a crisis of some between man and nature is* established by
have not attempted a rendition in Sapphic magnitude is obviously unleashed at this the poem's strategy of both humanizing
above.) point (and it might well allude to a danger- nature (stanzas 1 and 3) and naturalizing
According to Transtr5mer's own testi- ously careless attitude toward .nature). The the human (stanzas 4 and 5). Nature's
mony, he was first alerted to Thoreau via crisis is only soothed in the closing stanzas, agency gives man access to his "inner Frans^G. Bengtsson's Swedish translation when spring returns and the poem's verdure," where everything connects and
of Walden, which had initially been pub- persona regains faith in an "inner verdure," corresponds. The threat to this unity is lished in 1924 to a small audience. In 1947, a faith effectively depicted as the geyser caused by an absence of proper human however, a new edition was presented. 3 contrasted with the stagnant well: empathy toward nature and the natural. "- Walden now appeared with woodcuts by The importance of place, of a source Transtromer's affinity with Thoreau's
Stig Asberg, and the forty-page foreword and pivot-ground, comes across strongly thinking, however, is arguably made most by Bengtsson—comprising the latter's in both Walden and Transtromer's poem. explicit in the three "apocryphal" stanzas Master's thesis on Thoreau and the In an interview at Runmaro in 1972, from the first version of the poem. A since Transcendentalists—was retained from the Transtromer maintained that deleted second stanza evokes the difficulty first issue. The foreword was positive, even of radical dissent within established
panegyrical, and served particularly to . I have a notion that every person bounds. Much like the protagonist of
contrast Thoreau with Emerson: philo- has a center of gravity in a given Walden, it raises natural/rhetorical
sophically, stylistically, practically—and all place. Like a marble that rolls barriers ("sunsmoke" and "wood's edge") kto Thoreau's favor. The new edition around until it finds the deepest to ward off the constrictions of society: --
"caught the young Transtrdmer's attention, point where it can rest. For me that
and fueled an intense interest in Thoreau. place is here. When I stand on this Sunsmoke stands by wood's edge, far from
What- does Transtromer's poem to bridge looking out over the water, I these thorny trees of social life where many 6 pairs of pioneer's wings have been torn asunder Thoreau convey? To begin with, it pur- feel that this is my starting point. without mercy. posely gives only a deflected portrait. Thoreau does not appear as a corporeal In most of Transtromer's poems
self, and neither does the portrayed envi- geography is utilized without reference to Probably realizing the feebleness of the ronment strive for identity with Concord. specific map names or spatial boundaries. hackneyed images, Transtromer later
Rather, the poem progresses by likeness It is generalized and objectified, yet with- opted to discard these lines. The antithesis and inspiration: the escape from civiliza- out loss of descriptive precision. In "Five between a benevolent tree (with "bushy tion, the immersion in woodland and pure Stanzas to Thoreau" elements of three dis- crown shadow[ing])" and a metaphorical,
water, the meditation by a sunny tinct landscapes are included. Thoreau's "thorny" wood was thereby lost. At the doorstep—all recall Thoreau's Walden Walden environment blends with same time, Transtromer's choice experiences as depicted in his book, Transtromer's autobiographical Runmaro: enhanced one of the poem's central tenets: approaching but not claiming paraphrase. 4 both are surrounded by woods and water that of the tree's connotation of contem-
Another important tangency is the season- (Runmaro's water, however, is salty) and plative stillness. al progression, which closely resembles both are centered by a simple wooden The original sixth and seventh stanzas that of Walden. The second stanza of the cottage. Furthermore, traces of a utilize a favorite Thoreauvian image^ poem hints at a spring scenery, with lush Transtromer journey to Iceland in 1951 ascending smoke—and the largely inti-
foliage shadowing the man under it. The may be seen in the likening of roots to mate character of the preceding stanzas is third stanza then abruptly ushers in "copper horns" in the third stanza, and transformed into a public scene:
autumn (perhaps due to a mistaken kick), more obviously by the geyser in the fifth. as leaves are scattered. The fourth stanza, Indirect portraiture and landscape People have gathered in cold spring evening finally, establishes the reign of autumn affinities notwithstanding, Transtromer's burning their lungs like leaves in a bonfire
"air is invisible, thus nonexistent according until the return of spring. poem gains much of its impetus and to reason." The reader will note that a dramatic coherency by appropriating Thoreau's swerve occurs in the third stanza. The philosophy and rhetorical method of per-
calm, even serene succession of events suasion. It thus operates in large measure continued on page 4 described earlier is here abruptly jolted by by positing opposites: country versus True Fugitives, from page 3
from this field, however, by a remarkable Transtromer's poem to Thoreau is The smoke ascends, yet someone recalls that success as writer of historical novels and naturally not an original effort. There have those having lost track in blizzards of blissful essays. He did not write on Thoreau beyond been scores of poems (even volumes of - fire sometimes glimpsed in the mist lean his Master's thesis, though a famed passage quadruped shadows. poetry) written in his honor. What on an ant battle in a later essay clearly perhaps places Transtromer's poem in a recalls the insect skirmish in Walden. A Walpurgis Night gathering here minority group is its incorporation of 4. A sentence early in the "Sounds" chapter of blends the traditional of leaves crisis. It burning does not rest content to assess Walden amply illustrates the various tan- with a burning of lungs. While this may Thoreau and his achievements from a gencies: "Sometimes, in a summer morning,
partly allude to Thoreau's personal fate, it historical vantage, or resort to doggerel having taken my accustomed bath, I sat in
is also an indictment of positivistic philos- panegyrics: Instead it presents a struggle my sunny doorway from sunrise till noon,
ophy. In the words of distinguished with problems and opportunities still alive rapt in a revery, amidst the pines and hick- ories Transtromer critic Kjell Espmark, the sixth to us today. That Thoreau helped alert us and sumachs, in undisturbed solitude and stillness." Quoteo from Walden, ed. stanza "contains a critique of the narrow- to them is without doubt. Under such J. Lyndon Shanley (Princeton: Princeton minded rationalism that denies what is not circumstances, the deflected portrait is Univ. Press, 1971), 111. readily seen .... While a tribute to the surely appropriate. For while we have 5. See Magnus Ringgren's "De tva ensamheter- Transcendentalist Thoreau, it is also a listened, we" have still to front our facts; na. Kring en linje i Tomas Transtromers discrete contribution to the [then] lively still to front the Thoreau urging us to lyrik," in Tidskrift (1977:4), 26. Swedish debate over religion, and an consider them. How should we dare look 6. From an interview by Ake Lundqvist in intimation of the nature-lover's faith in a him in the face?" DagensNyheter of July 22, 1972. 7 divinity as evident as the air." To the 7. Quoted from Espmark's Resans formler. En grounding of this faith one might add the 1. Earlier translations have been made by studie i Tomas Transtromers poesi geyser, which in the following stanza Grace Hunter in The Western Humanities (Stockholm: Norstedts, 1983), 183. Fulton in 8. stands as a prime example of a reality at Review (1954:2), 86; by Robin See, for a similar example, Thoreau's "A Tomas Transtromer: Collected Poems Winter Walk," where "the snowlies warm once elusive and readily apparent. (Oxford: Bloodaxe Books, 1987), 22;and as cotton or down upon the window sill." Granted that the sixth stanza can be by May Swenson in Tomas Transtromer: Quoted from The Portable Thoreau, ed. Carl read as a refutation of the anti-metaphysi- Selected Poems 1954-1986, transl. Robert Bly Bode (New York: Penguin Books, 1985), - cal, the compact seventh shows how some et al., ed. Robert Hass (New York: Ecco 57-58. of the rationalistic disbelievers around the Press, 1987), 6. In all cases but Hunter's the flames cannot entirely lies article, ignore what standard five-stanza version is presented. [Editor's note: Henrik Gustafsson's latent "in the mist," whether this be a 2. Information on the poem's genesis and the "Henry Thoreau and the Advent ofAmerican surprising and vigorous geyser or a more author's relationship to Thoreau was given Rail, " appears in the Fall 1 997 Concord threatening power. The latter's ominous- in interview. (Transtromer to Niklas Saunterer.] — ness is indicated by the wolf-like Schioler in late May and early June, 1998.) 3. Skogsliv vid Walden Wahlstrom "quadruped shadows." (The reader will (Stockholm: 6k Widstrand, 1924 and 1947). Bengtsson also note the oxymoron "blizzards of bliss- (1894-1954) was a scholar and translator ful fire" in this passage, which recalls a with a marked interest in American and favorite Thoreauvian rhetorical device, the English literature. He was soon diverted 8 paradox. )
-'';.' 1 999 Annual Gathering
July 8-1 I, 1999 • Concord, MA
Join Thoreauvians from around the world for a celebration of the 150th anniversary of the first publications of
"Civil Disobedience" and A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers.
Main Speaker: Arun Gandhi, grandson of Mohandas Gandhi
We are currently working on the workshop schedule for the 1999 Annual Gathering. If you would like to
present your original research on "Civil Disobedience," A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, or the
influence of "Civil Disobedience" on social movements, please send a brief proposal to Tom Harris, Executive Director, The Thoreau Society, 44 Baker Farm, Lincoln, MA 01773-3004; by fax to (781) 259-4760; or by e-mail to [email protected]. —
President's Column Elizabeth Witherell
Tom Harris received 326 votes on the Thoreau Society by December 18. The ation in the Shop at Walden Pond; and we proposed bylaws: 302 members voted Board will choose two of its own members contribute to the Thoreau Institute's edu- in favor and 15 were opposed; 9 ballots for this committee, to bring the total com- cation program. As you think about good
could not be counted because they did not mittee size to five; Tom Harris will provide candidates for Board positions, keep these contain a vote. The Board of Directors has staff support. efforts in mind. You may nominate your- voted unanimously to accept these new This Committee on Nominations and self Or someone else. bylaws, so they are now in effect. Bylaws Elections will create the slate for the 1999 I'm very pleased to announce that with are always a work in progress: at the next elections, and they will need your help in this issue, Mike Berger takes over the edi-
Board meeting, in January, I will establish doing so. Six positions on the Board of torship of the Bulletin. This publication
a Bylaws Committee to receive and discuss Directors will be open: four members of has a history of capturing its editors
suggestions about the bylaws. the Board complete their terms, in 1999 Walter Harding established it in 1941 and
I know that I've filled a good deal of and the Board vated in July to add two edited it for fifty years, and Brad Dean has
space in this column in the last year new members. been the editor since the Summer 1991
discussing the governance of the Society- The Committee will issue a call for issue. I hope Mike will find himself
bylaws, voting, nominations, committees. nominations, and it's not too early to enthralled as well, and will enjoy his work
It's more fun for me to write about begin thinking about whom you might as much as Walt did and Brad has.
Thoreau, and I imagine it's more fun for want to nominate. My column in the As I welcome Mike, who has intro- you to read about him, too. But sharing the Spring 1998 Bulletin, which describes the duced himself in another column in this
work of running the Society with the mem- work of the current Board, will give you an issue, I want to take the opportunity to
bers is a high. priority, and we're all learn- idea of the skills the Society needs in its thank Brad for his dedication to the ing together what's involved in the proce- Board members. In addition to being dedi- Thoreau Society and particularly to Walt's dures established by the new bylaws. I'm cated to the Society's mission to stimulate idea of a publication that would commu- sure that after we've gone once through interest in and foster education about the nicate with Thoreauvians everywhere. In
these procedures they'll become routine life, works, and philosophy of Thoreau, a Walt's last column, he wrote that he
, and we'll all take less notice of them. Board member must be able to travel to looked forward to the improvements he
The call for nominees for the Concord twice a year at his or her own knew Brad would bring to the Bulletin: if Committee on Nominations and Elections expense, and must be able to contribute to you look at a run" of Bulletins from 1991 to produced four excellent candidates, as you the operations and services of the Society. the present, you'll see that the face of the will have seen by now. Please take the time We now have a very active publications publication has become more modern and to read the nominees' statements and program; in addition to the Annual that photographs have been added, but choose three for the committee, and then Gathering in Concord, we hold special that Walt's spirit continues to be honored mail your marked ballot back to the events; we have a successful business oper- in the tone and content.
Sometimes a mortal feels in himselfNature, not his Father but his Mother stirs within him, and he becomes immortal with her immortality. From time to time she claims kindredship with us, and some globule from her veins steals up into our own.
I am the autumnal sun,
With autumn gales my race is run;
When will the hazel putforth its flowers, Or the grape ripen under my bowers? When will the harvest or the hunter's moon, Turn my midnight into mid-noOn? I am all sere and yellow, And to my core mellow.
The mast is dropping within my woods,
The winter is lurking within my moods, And the rustling of the withered leaf Is the constant music of my grief
A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers Notes and Queries
The following letter came from Marjorie Joel Myerson sent an amusing cartoon family's adventures in the quiet of TV-less Harding following the Grand Opening of from the October 16 issue of The Chronicle living. The editor's headnote ventures the the Thoreau Institute. ofHigher Education, showing a professor following: "One senses that Henry David "I would like to thank Mr. Don Henley, and several students seated around a semi- Thoreau—himself of New England, him- Ms. Kathi Anderson, Mr. Brad Dean and nar table. The expressions on the students self a writer and thinker who actively all the others who made the Thoreau are worth seeing and hard to describe; excised what he deemed irrelevant to his
Institute possible. I am sure that my Hus- gazing blankly comes to mind, although harmonious living—would like this vol- band, Walter Harding, would be very that might not be altogether fair. The ume ... Its essays and meditations are a happy in the permanent home that his professor looks up from a piece of paper provocative reminder of how short and research papers and books have found and held in his hand and says, *Even if precious the time is, and how important it would not have been possible without Thoreau had had a cellular phone at the search, to locate what we are most the vision of Don Henley and for that I am Walden Pond, I'm certain he would have likely to hold dear." very grateful. The gala opening on Friday used it only in an emergency." was an experience unmatched by any other Society member Stefano Paolucci writes A tip for savvy traveling American from Italy about coming across a door in in my life and I wish that Walt had been Renaissance scholars: "Writer and philoso- the town of Frascati upon which a name- alive to see it. I thought the video, pher Henry David Thoreau once wrote plate read "Associazione Culturale Henry Remembering Walt, was marvelous and I that the present moment is composed of D. Thoreau." It turns out that the associa- would like to thank all the many, many . the meeting of two eternities, the past and tion members who came to the door were people who made all that possible." the future. At Renaissance Hotels and conscientious objectors inspired by
The Thoreau Institute held an open house Resorts the present is a perfect blend of Thoreau's essay "Civil Disobedience," and on Sunday, 18 October. Two hundred fifty traditional hospitality and contemporary that they knew nothing more about the local residents toured the new research luxury." In proof of which, we have a full- work of their society's namesake than this facility and talked with staff. page glossy advertisement from the essay. The members of the Associazione Marriott Company, displaying the very Culturale Henry D. Thoreau were Robert Galvin reports that the Boston best in Thoreauvian luxury. surprised to learn that Thoreau had Athenaeum now stocks recorded books authored other works. Stefano observes and it has a copy of Kenneth Cameron's Katmai Henry David Thoreau, a UD, (with some disappointment) that American Great Ones/Hawthorne, Emerson member for many years, is a Chesapeake Thoreau's reputation in Italy is mainly and Thoreau, donated by the author. Bay Retriever. completed the require- He He that of a political theorist, and he goes on also reports that a real estate agent in his for Kennel Club's ments The American to say that a publisher recently printed th neck of the woods is advertising a in Utility title 5 . Utility house Dog on June The "Civil Disobedience" and "Life without Wayland, Massachusetts, at-$l,285,000, Dog title is the highest obedience title Principle" in its "Anarchists" series. - which property is supposedly "mentioned offered by the AKC. Only about 3 or 4 in Thoreau's Journals of 1851." As Bob is Chesapeake Bay Retrievers earn the title in A homegrown American political activist, not currently in the market for any house any given year. He earned the three quali- a former president of the SDS (Students costing more than $28,125, he hasn't fying scores in three straight trials between for a Democratic Society), also hearkens bothered to check the reference. May 23 and June 5. Since then, he and his back to Thoreau for inspiration and prin- owner have been relaxing by swimming in ciples. In Todd Gitlin's history/memoir, Steve Ells of Lincoln, mentioned MA Bermuda and hiking portions of the The Sixties: Years ofHope, Days ofRage, that he saw an excellent Public TV NH Appalachian Trail. Unfortunately, he Thoreau is mentioned several times. production (15 min it have — may been an cannot follow In the footsteps of his name- excerpt) of A Week, produced by Ed Durbin remembers seeing several years NH sake up Mount Katahdin—dogs are not Crossroads series, he. believes. piece ago a copy of plans for building a duplicate The allowed in Baxter State Park. Canine was good on multi-level meanings. of Thoreau's cabin at Walden Pond. He members do receive full membership believes it appeared in an issue of Early benefits but must pay the Individual rate. Ralph Black writes that American Poetry American Lifeor a similar publication, but Review 27:6, Nov.-Dec. 1998, 15, prints p. In the October 1998 issue of Sky, Delta Air he can no longer find the magazine or the two poems by David Wagoner that Lines' inflight magazine, a headnote to a plans. Does anyone have or know a source members might find interesting: "Thoreau book excerpt mentions Thoreau. The book for such plans? If so, please contact Mr. and the Body" and "Thoreau and the is North ofNow: A Celebration of Country Durbin at L. Edward Durbin, 620 S. , Toads." A volume of Thoreau poems in and the Soon to Be Gone (The Lyons Press) Roberts Rd., Dunkirk, NY 14048-3137; or the works? Wagoner's last book of poems by W. D. Wetherell (with an "e," no rela- by e-mail to
from the book discusses the Wetherell continued on next page - ,
Notes & Queries, from page 6
Sigthor Orn Runarsson, a philosophy Quarterly Journal on Consumption, Quality Wilderness magazine, he worked closely student at the University of Iceland, -ofLife and the Environment. The Center for with the late Walter Harding to promote
Reykjavik, is writing a B.A. thesis on a New American Dream may be contacted protection for Walden Pond and environs. Thoreau's concept of the Wild, especially via mail at 6930 Carroll Avenue, Suite 900, (For more on Howard Zahniser, see the I 301 article his son Zahniser, '"In as it appears in "Walking.'' The author Takoma Park, MD 209 12;' by phone at by Ed would be grateful for any-suggestions for 891-3683; by fax at 301-891-3684; and by e- Wildness' To Wilderness—and Now Back books or essays related to this subject. If mail at [email protected]. Again?" in the Spring 1998 Thoreau Society . you can help, please write to Sigthor Orn Executive Director is Betsy Taylor. Bulletin.) Runarsson, Grenibyggo 24, 270. The Institute was established in 1995 In a recent issue of an on-line publication Mosfellsbair, Iceland, or by e-mail to and located on the Greenville College called Netfuture: Technology and Human
' irony not a disqualifying one; the
' conversation may be sampled on the Web 1945 to his death in 1964. Zahniser served book review by Christopher Lemann- at http://www.newdream.org/discuss. A as honorary president of the Thoreau Haupt about Chris Goodrich's Roadster, $30 annual membership in the Center Society for 1956-1957. As editor of Living which relates the author's experience in includes subscription to ENOUGH1-^-A continued on page 9 , '
Curator's Column Susan Godlewski
Henley Library, Thoreau Institute: to help you or allow you access to the owned and consulted in his research and Overview Reading Room or collections. .Also, until writing; irreplaceable correspondence
the collection is organized and cataloged, from Thoreau's acquaintances written to
This is the first of what I expect to be it is more efficient, to discuss your research early biographers, and the entire Thoreau
regular columns in the TTS Bulletin from needs with me in advance so that I can collection of biographer H.S. Salt. the Curator to the Thoreau Society mem- have materials prepared for your arrival or bership that will deal mainly with the refer you to another institution that could The Roland Robbins Collection: research collections and the activities of better satisfy your research needs. The Archaeologist, researcher, and wTiter
the Henley Library. I am pleased to have a Henley Library is open by appointment on Roland Wells Robbins (1908-1987) identi-
regular means of communication with the Monday-Friday, 10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. fied, excavated and documented the site of membership. We have embarked on a There are no weekend or evening hours. Thoreau's Walden house in 1945-46.
tremendously exciting project and need The collection is stored in a closed-stack, Donated by his family, the Robbins collec-
your continued participation to ensure its, environmentally controlled wing and does tion contains his field notes, photographs
ongoing success. not circulate beyond the Henley Library. and artifacts of the Thoreau site, as well as
The Thoreau Institute opened with Photocopy and photography facilities are material related to his other excavations T much fanfare on June 5th. It was a very available. and restorations in the eastern L nited exciting and satisfVing dav that generated States. Also included are Robbins's much wonderful publicity and goodwill. Collections research materials and drawings for the As a result, the subsequent two months replica of Thoreau's house, soon to be have been busy with the daily appearance The Henley Library houses a compre- placed on the Institute grounds. of numerous researchers and visitors from hensive collection of research materials The Thoreau Institute also houses the
all over the country. This w7eek (July 27th- relating to Thoreau's writings, life, time Thoreau Society material that the Concord 31st) alone, we have had guests from and contemporaries, as well as materials Free Public Library stored and made avail- Pennsylvania, Washington, Iowa, New relating to present-day environmental and able to researchers for the Society for a -Mexico, Texas, Rhode Island, Ohio, human rights issues. Three collections, number of y%ars. Included in this grouping ( Florida, and Renteria, Spain as well as gifts of former Thoreau Society presidents, is the priceless Maxham daguerreotype as
many visitors from Massachusetts. It is comprise the core of the research collec- well as significant manuscript holdings. In extremely gratifying to see such interest in tion. These three collections areiowned by addition, the book collection from the the Thoreau Institute and the collections, the Thoreau Society and leased, housed Thoreau Lyceum can be found in the
even while we are still unpacking and and made accessible to scholars by the Thoreau Institute's Education Center. organizing. Thoreau Institute. Next issue: The latest acquisition by the Starting in late September, the staff will Thoreau Institute: The Scott and Helen
begin to catalog the research collection uti- The Walter Harding Collection: Nearing Papers. . 7- lizing the OCLC bibliographic utility. For Professor Walter Harding ( 1 9 1 1 996 ) those who have access to OCLC, the founder of both the Thoreau Society and
Institute's identifier will be TIW . This is a the Princeton Edition of The Writings of
I think that the change to some complex project that will take many years Henry D. Tlwreau, introduced Thoreau to to accomplish, primarily because of the more people around the world than any higher color in a leaf is an evidence
large amount of material to catalog, the other individual. Donated to the Society that it has arrived at a late and
various formats comprising the collec- bv his family, the Harding Collection con- more perfect and final maturity, tions, and the limited staff at the Thoreau sists of approximately 12,000 titles and answering to the maturity of fruits, Institute. Please be patient. We will com- includes books, periodicals, manuscripts, and not to that of green leaves, plete this task as quickly and efficiently as offprints, reprints, pamphlets, maps, art, etc., etc., which merely serve a possible. In the meantime, if there are records, microfilms, realia, and an exten- materials that you believe are in the collec- sive correspondence with leading Thoreau purpose. The word "ripe" is tion and need to see, please do not hesitate scholars and world-renowned figures. thought by some to be derived
to contact me either by telephone at 781- from the verb "to reap," according 259-4730 or by e-mail at Susan. The Raymond Adams Collection: to which that is ripe which is ready [email protected]. Professor Raymond Adams (1898-1987) to be reaped. The fall of the leaf is For those who would like to visit in was a pioneering Thoreau scholar and the preceded by a ripe old age. person, we are suggesting a call to me to first president of the Thoreau Society. The
make an appointment. The reason is sim- Adams Collection offers researchers an Journal, 12 November 1858
ple. If I am on vacation, at a workshop, or excellent core of Thoreau manuscripts and
even just out-to-lunch, there is no one else first editions; volumes that Thoreau Hurry Up or Wait: Oliver's "Going to Walden" John Chamberlain
[Editor's note: John Chamberlain is an described by friends: Walden is conve- clear, as we impatiently hurry about. She English teacher in Lexington, MA, who has niently close by highway, it provides an debates wisdom—is it determined in a developed a curriculum to introduce mid- opportunity for personal reflection—even social group, even amongfriends, or dle school students to Thoreau. His stu- wisdom!—amid its natural beauty, as well defined and tested in a different crucible, dents' work was on exhibit for the as a needed getaway to the "clear water" of by oneself? Is wisdom the opposite of folly,
Thoreau Institute Grand Opening. Mary the "cool country." or broad enough to include it?
" Oliver's poem is reprinted here, followed Of course, Oliver has the last word. She The contrasts continue. There are two by Mr. Chamberlain's commentary.] counters with her reasons for not paying directions of moving: hurrying horizontally, her "green visit," though really she rede- staying on the surface, compared with
fines what it means to "go to Walden." She being "where you are," and from there Copyright 1972 by Mary Oliver. Used posits Walden as not just a physical place, traveling inwardly, along a vertical axis. by permission of the Molly Malone Cook but as an inner symbol for the simple.and There are two speeds: moving fast, doing
Literary Agency. mystical awareness of the present. It is a and doing, versus moving slow, just being. place waiting, as philosopher Ken Wilber In travelling, we look for shortcuts—phys- ical tricks^so to speak - but the "trick of
living" is the ongoing metaphysics of Going to Walden questioning our untrue states of mind in by Mary Oliver meditative awareness. Lastly, going to
Walden is not just "a green visit.. .back by It isn't very far as highways lie. nightfall," but personal evolution, a I might be back by nightfall, having seen " lifetime's journey. As Oliver says, it's not The rough pines, and the stones, and the clear so easy a thing." Something to reflect on Friends argue that I might be wiser for it. "They do.not hear that far-off Yankee whisper: during our daily commute. 4 How dull we grow from hurrying here and there! Notes & Queries, from page 7 Many have gone, and think me putting together an automobile kit. The To miss a day away in the cool country. review compares Roadster unfavorably Maybe. But in a book I read and cherish, with Walden and Zen and the Art Going to Walden is not so easy a thing of that As a green visit. It is the slow and difficult Motorcycle Maintenance? and asserts
Trick of living, and finding it where you are. its author failed to do what Simone Weil and Henry Thoreau both succeeded to ; /I do—they "altered their lives radical!}" to Mary Oliver's poetry is delightful in puts it, "always and already". inside of us, explore the true meaning of work." earthy and mystical ways. Her poem something to be uncovered by negatingall
"Going to Walden" graced the Thoreau that is "not Walden." The "difficult trick Also from Austin Meredith: the second
Institute's Opening Day printed program. of living" is to reveal this Walden, as this annual National- Conference on Civil
To those of us who have spent idle time indestructible, inner sanctuary is easily Disobedience will be held January 23 and
this summer or perhaps time idling, I offer resisted and avoided. 24, 1999, at American University in this analysis of her poem. The distinction between the inner and Washington, DC. This conference, geared
Beginning casually with the pronoun outer Walden is implied in Thoreau's toward the activist, will present numerous
"it," the poem's mood moves from con- words from "Walking": "In wildness is the workshops in the general categories of
versational phrasing to pointed commen- preservation of the world." The word Strategy and Case Studies. The list of pre- tary as she cites Thoreau. The second stan- "wildness" is often misquoted as "wilder- senters includes Coleman McCarthy, the za goes back to a breezy tone and then ness." A people in communion with their well-known pacifist who wrote for the moves to close with penetrating convic- inner wildness will support the preserva- Washington Post for over 25 vears, who will tion. It is these shifts in intensity from the tion of their outer wilderness. give a workshop entitled "How to Radicalize
social to the mystical that fire this poem. Oliver uses words that contrast to Your Life." Registration is S10 prepaid, $15 The poem is not replete with images of create a tension that produces meaning. at the door. Information and registration
nature that often line her poems. Instead, While Walden is "not-far" as a place, the forms are available from the National
'it is a reasoned argument about what it "far-off Yankee" Thoreau is distant in time Conference on Civil Disobedience, 4519 means to go to Walden. Within the brief and his simplicity far from our awareness. Alton Place NW, Washington, DC 20016; or space of two six-line stanzas, she conducts The speaker's friends argue and can't hear bv e-mail at [email protected]. this debate. Reasons for a physical trip are his whisper. We grow dull, not wise or Thoreau and Houghton Mifflin: An Historic Bond Revived Wesley T. Mott
For over a hundred years, the venerable important topics, some with which we had several lives to lead, and each one publishing firm Houghton Mifflin readily associate him, some perhaps sur- speaks forcefully to our day. Selections will Company has been associated with stan- prising even to his longtime admirers. The be drawn both from familiar published dard editions of the works of Emerson and first three topics and their editors, all works and from less well-known lectures,
Thoreau and with important bibliographi- Society members, are Education (Martin letters, and journals. cal and interpretive studies of the Bickman), Mountains (J. Parker Huber), Titles and editors for this series have Transcendentalists. Until Princeton and Science (Laura Dassow Walls). Future been selected by the Thoreau Society University Press began issuing new critical topics will include Freedom/Slavery (Jeff Publications Committee: Tom Harris, Ron texts in The Writings ofHenry D. Thoreau Cramer), Land (Joe Valentine), and Water Hoag, Karen Merrill, and Wes Mott, with with Waldenin 1971, Thoreauvians were (Robert France). Each book will include an help from Kathi Anderson, Brad Dean, well served by Houghton Mifflin's 20-vol- introduction by the expert volume editor Joel Myerson, and Beth Witherell and with ume Walden or Manuscript Edition of The as well as a preface by an outside authority. the guidance of Houghton Mifflin senior
Writings ofHenry David Thoreau ( 1906). "How many a man has dated a new era* editor Harry Foster. Royalties from the Now an exciting new Thoreau Society in his life from the reading of a book," series will go to support the operations of project reunites Henry Thoreau with his Thoreau wrote in Walden. The thematic the Society. Look for announcements of historic publisher. Beginning with three focus of these compact, inviting books is publication and new titles in future issues titles in Spring 1999, Houghton Mifflin, in designed to appeal to the Thoreau afi- of the TSB. partnership with the Thoreau Society, will cionado as well as to attract new readers. publish a series of books presenting the An engineer, poet, teacher, naturalist, lec- thoughts of Thoreau on a variety of turer, and political activist, Thoreau truly
Book Review: Encyclopedia ofAmerican Poetry Joel Myerson
Eric L. Haralson, ed. Encyclopedia of including Bronson Alcott, Charles quarters of his 200 poems . . . before American Poetry. Chicago: Fitzroy Timothy Brooks, Ellery Channing, 1845," when he began writing A Week.
Dearborn, 1998. xiii, 536 pp. $95.00. Christopher Pearse Cranch, Emerson, Witherell describes the phases of Margaret Fuller, Thoreau, and Jones Very; Thoreau's poetic career and relates them In recent years there has been a spate of also included are the usual suspects, such to his prose works (A Week begins encyclopedias and dictionaries of as Holmes, Longfellow, and Whittier. Thoreau's "apprenticeship in prose," just *
American literature and its genres. Most There is good coverage of minorities and as Walden "announced to the world that are disappointing collections of previous- women (though Caroline Sfurgis Tappan he had found his voice in prose"). This is ly-available materials, and few are as good fails to make- this book, just as she failed to an ideal short but informative summary of as Wesley T. Mott's Biographical be included in the Library of America). Thoreau's poetic goals and career. Dictionary of Transcendentalism and The contributors are of a high quality, Anyone interested in nineteenth-centu- Encyclopedia of Transcendentalism (both such as Jeffrey Steele on Fuller, Helen ry American poetry will enjoy this book: it
Greenwood Press, 1996). It is "therefore Deese on Very, and Elizabeth Hall is an excellent reference work and even with pleasure I report that the Encyclopedia Witherell on Thoreau. The entries contain holds the potential for enjoyable browsing. ofAmerican Poetry is one of those few, both biographical information and critical
good collections. interpretations of the poetry, usually . Joel Myerson * The genesis for this book was the including general comments about the University of South Carolina Library of America's two-volume edition major themes and directions of an of American Poetry: The Nineteenth author's career. Even authors not usually Century (edited by John Hollander, 1993), thought of for their poetry-such as for Which this book was planned as-a Hawthorne or Melville-are included. The Each more melodious note I hear companion volume (all page references for entries end with suggestions for further the-poetry cited here are to the Library of reading. Brings this reproach to me,
America text). Not all of the Library of Witherell's essay on Thoreau continues That I alone afford the ear, America authors are included, but most her series of fine, intuitive works estab- are, including such summary chapters as lishing the case for serious consideration Who would the music he. those on spirituals, American Indian of Thoreau as a poet. As she reminds us, HDT poetry and songs and ballads. Nearly all Thoreau "served his literary apprentice^ our favorite Transcendentalists are here, ship as a poet, composing almost three- II
Additions to the |Thoreau Bibliography
Michael Berger
Fresonke, Kris. "Thoreau and the Design Appalachian Trail. UP of Virginia, (1998): 114-115.
of Dissent." Religion and the Arts: A 1998. "Walden Revisited." American Way, 1 July Journal from Boston College!:! (1998): Mulloney, Stephen. Traces of Thoreau: A 1998, 64-69. A photo-essay in the 221-241. Cape Cod Journey. Boston: American Airlines magazines. "Improving the Nature of Walden Pond." Northeastern UP, 1998. Photography by Doug Merriam. Erosion Control (Nov. -Dec. 1998). Schofield, Edmund. "Henry & Me: From Contributor received article from an Worcester to Walden to Worcester in We are indebted to the following for
Internet listserv, without author or the Footsteps of Henry David information sent in for this bulletin: ?. page numbers; suggests libraries in Thoreau." Worcester (Massachusetts) Austin (Rochester, NY), B. Dean, T.
major metropolitan areas may get the Magazine, 3-9 June„1998, 10-15. Harris, P. Huber, J. Moldenhauer, R.
magazine. Shay, Kevin J. "Preserving Life in the Schneider, K. Shay, K. Van Anglen, R.
Johnson, William, Jr. What Thoreau Said: Woods at Walden Pond." Dallas Winslow III, and B. Witherell. Please "Walden" and the Unsayable. Moscow: Morning News, 3 May 1998. A travel keep Michael Berger (7823 Shadowhill U of Idaho P, 1991. piece on Thoreau related locales. Way, Cincinnati, OH 45242; e-mail
. What Thoreau Said: "Walden" Thoreau, Henry D. The Maine Woods.
Seeds." In High Tide in Tuscon: Essays blind-stamped rules on side, spine in copy of the book, article, or other item,
from Now or Never, 236-42. New York: gilt, binding by Gray Parrot, set in so that it can be preserved in the HarperPerennial, 1996. A vibrant and Linotype Bulmer, illustrated with 5 pen Thoreau Society's collection at the insightful appreciation of Thoreau's and ink drawings by Jon Luoma, print- Thoreau Institute.
Dispersion of Seeds by a renowned nov- ed from line blocks. The paper is hand- elist and essayist who has pursued made,by McGregor & Vinzaini. advanced studies in ecology. "Faith in a Slipcased in a box made from Maine is the universal • Silence . Seed is infused with Thoreau's delight, white pine. This will be the most typo-
his meticulous curiosity and his inspir- graphically elaborate edition of a work refuge, the sequel to all ing patience. Across the silence of 125 by Thoreau published to date. The edi- dull discourses and all foolish years, during which an unforeseeable tion is already part sold, though no glut of hurry has descended, he exhorts prospectus has yet been prepared. It is acts, a balm to our every cha- us to slow down and take notice, to anticipated that the entire edition will grin, as welcome after satiety learn how to watch seeds become trees. go out of print quickly, at the price of
. . . What a life it must have been, to $1500 per copy. Interested buyers may as after disappointment; that seize time for this much wonder. If only contact Wilsey Rare Books: phone background which the painter we could recover faith in a seed—and (914) 657-7057; fax (914) 657-2366; e- in all the other complicated marvels mail
Marshall, Ian. "Contact! Contact! A Walk . Simplify, Simplify and Other turb us. to Thoreau's Ktaadn." Chapter in Story Quotations from Henry David Thoreau.
Line: Exploring the Literature of the Review: Etudes Anglaises 51, no. 1 A Wge/c on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers The Thoreau Society Bulletin is published quarterly Calendar by the Thoreau Society. Editor, Michael Berger
Nov. 12. The first sprin- Board of Directors: January Kenneth Basile; Ronald Bosco; Robert Galvin; kling snow, which of for a Joseph Gilbert; Jayne Gordon; Ronald W. Hoag, Massachusetts short time whitens the Treasurer; John Mack; Wesley Mott; Joel Myerson, Secretary; Thomas Potter; Daniel 24 Sunday 4:00 p.m. Shealy; Shirley Van Clay; Elizabeth Witherell, ground in spots. President Thoreau's Transcendental Natural History I do not know how to Executive Director Tom Harris Elizabeth Witherell .. Bookkeeper Karen Kashian Concord Museum distinguish between our Graphic Designer/Illustrator Karen Merrill In March 1853, prompted by a ques- Shop Manager Jon Fadiman waking life and a dream. tion in a form letter from the secretary of The Thoreau Society, Inc., is an international the American Association for the Are we not always living the not-for-profit organization founded in 1941 to Advancement of Science, Thoreau charac- stimulate interest in and foster education about terized himself and the researches in life that we imagine we are? the life, works, and philosophy of Henry David Thoreau. natural history that he had begun just a Fear creates danger, and few years before and that he continued To fulfill its mission, the Society: into the winter of 1861. courage dispels it.
excursions natural philosopher to boot." Beth sunset, I think the 25th of and events throughout the year; Witherell, Editor-in-Chief of the Thoreau *8* owns and operates the Thoreau Society Edition and President of the Thoreau October. The sunset sky Shop at Walden Pond, a visitor's center Society, will'talk about how Thoreau reached quite from west to with a bookstore and gift shop located at grounded the "word for Nature" that he the Walden Pond State Reservation; spoke and wrote in his practice of east, and it was the most «j» holds a four-day annual gathering each July Transcendental natural history. in Concord, Massachusetts; and varied in its forms and colors Sponsored by the Thoreau Society, «p publishes the Thoreau Society Bulletin, Concord Saunterer, and other Thoreau- Thoreau Institute, and Concord Museum. of any that I remember to related material. Free and open to the public. have seen. At one time the Membership in the Society includes subscriptions
to its two publications, The Concord Saunterer clouds were most softly and February (published each autumn) and the Thoreau Society Bulletin (published quarterly). Society members
delicately rippled, like the receive a 10% discount on all merchandise pur- Massachusetts chased from the Thoreau Society Shop at Walden ripple-marks on sand. But it 24 Wednesday 7:30 p.m. Pond and advance notice about Society programs, including the annual gathering. Contact the was hard for me to see its "Nature in Words" Thoreau Society administrative offices in Lincoln, Massachusetts, for membership information Christopher W. Leahy beauty then, when my mind (address below). Writing about the natural world is was filled with Captain Thoreau Society Directory fraught with pitfalls. It lends itself all too Communications relating to The Concord readily to sentimentality, solemnity, and great Brown. So a wrong Saunterer should be addressed to Ronald Wesley one-note arias of awe. Hoag, Thoreau Society, Inc., Department of as his fate implied Author/naturalist Christopher Leahy English, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC will read some examples of what he consid- 27858-4353, U.S.A.; tel: (252) 328-6580; fax: (252) overshadowed all beauty in [email protected]. ers to be the best and the worst of the genre. 328-4889; e-mail: Christopher W. Leahy, Director of the world. Inquiries about merchandise (including books and mail-order items) should be directed to Jon Massachusetts Audubon's Center for Fadiman, Shop Manager, Thoreau Society Shop at Biological Conservation, is author of Walden Pond, 915 Walden Street, Concord, MA
Birdwatcher's Companion (Hill Wang), Journal, 1 2 November 1859 and 01742-4511, U.S.A.; tel: (781) 259-4770; fax: (978)
First Guide to Insects (Houghton Mifflin), 287 7 5620; e-mail: [email protected]. -
An Introduction to Massachusetts Birds All other inquiries and communications should be (Mass. Audubon),' An Introduction to directed to the Thoreau Society, Inc., 44 Baker
01773-3004, tel: Massachusetts Insects (Mass. Audubon), The Farm, Lincoln, MA U.S.A.; (781) 259-4750; fax: (781) 259-4760; e-mail: Nature ofMassachusetts (Addison-Wesley), [email protected]. and many popular articles on all aspects of y%**»'>c£«**« www.walden.org natural history.