Cataract Surgery Educational Information What Is a Cataract? One of the Most Common Problems Which Can Affect Vision Is a Cataract
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Vision Rehabi I Itation for Patients with Age Related Macular Degeneration
Vision rehabi I itation for GARY S. RUBIN patients with age related macular degeneration Epidemiology of low vision The over-representation of macular degeneration patients in the low-vision clinic is The epidemiology of vision impairment is dealt reflected in the chief complaints of those with in detail elsewhere.1 However, there is one referred for rehabilitation. A study of 1000 particularly salient factor that bears emphasis. consecutive patients seen at the Wilmer Low The prevalence of vision impairment increases Vision clinic indicated that 64% listed 'reading' dramatically with advancing age. Statistics as their chief complaint, while other activities compiled in the UK by the Royal National were identified by fewer than 8% of patients. Institute for the Blind2 indicate that there were Undoubtedly the bias towards reading approximately 1.1 million blind or partially problems results partly from the nature of the sighted persons in 1996, of whom 82% were 65 low-vision services offered. Those served by a years of age or older. Thus it is not surprising to community-based programme that includes learn that the major causes of vision impairment home visits might be more likely to report are age-related eye diseases. Fig. 1 illustrates the problems with activities of daily living, while a distribution of causes of vision impairment blind rehabilitation centre would be more likely 5 from three recent studies?- Approximately to address mobility issues. Nevertheless, most equal percentages are attributed to macular macular degeneration patients are referred to degeneration and cataract, with smaller hospital or optometry clinic services, and as percentages for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy their overwhelming concern is with reading, and optic neuropathies. -
Symptoms of Age Related Macular Degeneration
WHAT IS MACULAR DEGENERATION? wavy or crooked, visual distortions, doorway and the choroid are interrupted causing waste or street signs seem bowed, or objects may deposits to form. Lacking proper nutrients, the light- Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is appear smaller or farther away than they sensitive cells of the macula become damaged. a disease that may either suddenly or gradually should, decrease in or loss of central vision, and The damaged cells can no longer send normal destroy the macula’s ability to maintain sharp, a central blurry spot. signals from the macula through the optic nerve to central vision. Interestingly, one’s peripheral or DRY: Progression with dry AMD is typically slower your brain, and consequently your vision becomes side vision remains unaffected. AMD is the leading de-gradation of central vision: need for increasingly blurred cause of “legal blindness” in the United States for bright illumination for reading or near work, diffi culty In either form of AMD, your vision may remain fi ne persons over 65 years of age. AMD is present in adapting to low levels of illumination, worsening blur in one eye up to several years even while the other approximately 10 percent of the population over of printed words, decreased intensity or brightness of eye’s vision has degraded. Most patients don’t the age of 52 and in up to 33 percent of individuals colors, diffi culty recognizing faces, gradual increase realize that one eye’s vision has been severely older than 75. The macula allows alone gives us the in the haziness of overall vision, and a profound drop reduced because your brain compensates the bad ability to have: sharp vision, clear vision, color vision, in your central vision acuity. -
Macular Degeneration
DRIVEWELL Driving When You Have Macular Degeneration You have been a safe driver for years. For you, driving means freedom and control. As you get older, changes in your physical and mental health can affect how safely you drive. Macular degeneration (also known as age-related macular degeneration) damages the macula, a spot near the center of the retina (light-sensitive inner lining of the eyeball). It is a common eye problem among older drivers that makes it hard to drive safely. Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in people 65 and older. If you have macular degeneration, you may not notice any signs in the early stages. You may not know you have this condition until you lose your peripheral vision (what you see out of the corner of your eyes). In time it will affect your central vision, causing a dark or empty area in the center of your vision. How Can Macular Degeneration Affect the Way I Drive? • Your central vision may be dull and blurry. This can lead to loss of sharp vision. • You may not see the road, street signs, lane markers, and even people and bicyclists in the road. • You may need more bright light to see up close. • Colors may look less vivid or bright. • You may have trouble when you go from bright light to low light. • You may not be able to recognize people’s faces. What Should I Do if I Have Any of These Signs? As soon as you notice any of these warning signs: • Tell your family or someone close to you, especially if you have a family history of macular degeneration or have changes in your central vision. -
Detached and Torn Retina Retinal Detachments Occur in 1 out of 10,000 Americans Each Year
Detached and Torn Retina Retinal Detachments Occur in 1 Out of 10,000 Americans Each Year A retinal detachment is not as common as other eye conditions such as glaucoma or macular degeneration, however… it is just as serious and it is a vision threatening condition which should be treated as an emergency. Dr. Randy Katz, Florida Eye’s Diabetic Retinopathy, Retinal Detachment & Macular Degeneration Specialist says that the sooner a retinal tear or detachment is treated the better the chances of saving the vision in the eye. What Is a Retinal Detachment? The retina is the light-sensitive layer of tissue that lines the inside of the eye and sends visual messages through the optic nerve to the brain. When the retina detaches, it is lifted or pulled from its normal position. When this occurs, if not promptly treated, retinal detachment can cause permanent vision loss. In some cases there may be small areas of the retina that are torn. These areas, called retinal tears or retinal breaks, can lead to a retinal detachment. Vitreous gel, the clear material that fills the eyeball, is attached to the retina in the back of the eye. As we get older, the vitreous may change shape, pulling away from the retina. If the vitreous pulls a piece of the retina with it, it causes a retinal tear. Once a retinal tear occurs, vitreous fluid may seep through and lift the retina off the back wall of the eye, causing the retina to detach or pull away. 2 Are You At Risk for a Torn or Detached Retina? A retinal detachment can occur at any age, but it is more common in people over age 40. -
Fact Sheet: Refractive Errors
Fact Sheet: Refractive Errors More than 11 million Americans have common vision problems that can be corrected with the use of prescriptive eyewear such as glasses or contact lenses.1 These conditions are known as refractive errors and they occur when the eye doesn’t correctly bend, or ―refract,‖ light as it enters the eye. Common refractive errors include the following: o Nearsightedness (also called myopia)—A condition where objects up close appear clearly, while objects far away appear blurry. With nearsightedness, light comes to focus in front of the retina instead of on the retina. o Farsightedness (also called hyperopia)—A common type of refractive error where distant objects may be seen more clearly than objects that are near. However, people experience farsightedness differently. Some people may not notice any problems with their vision, especially when they are young. For people with significant farsightedness, vision can be blurry for objects at any distance, near or far. o Astigmatism—A condition in which the eye does not focus light evenly onto the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This can cause images to appear blurry and stretched out. o Presbyopia—An age-related condition in which the ability to focus up close becomes more difficult. As the eye ages, the lens can no longer change shape enough to allow the eye to focus close objects clearly. Refractive errors are one of the most common—and correctable—causes of visual impairment in the United States. According to a recent study led by the National Eye Institute (NEI), approximately half of all American adults don’t have the 20/20 vision physicians consider optimal due to refractive errors.2 Women experience refractive error more frequently than men: Twenty-six percent more women aged 12 and older have uncorrected visual impairment due to refractive error compared with men aged 12 and older. -
Managing a Patient with Post-Radial Keratotomy and Sjogren's Syndrome with Scleral Contact Lenses
Managing a patient with Post-Radial Keratotomy and Sjogren's Syndrome with Scleral Contact Lenses Case Report 1 Candidate #123 Abstract: Surgeons used radial keratotomy (RK) in the past as an attempt to flatten the corneal shape and reduce refractive myopia in a patient. In the present day, many post-RK patients suffer from poor, fluctuating vision due to an irregular corneal shape induced from this procedure. Rigid gas permeable lenses, such as scleral lenses, are an excellent solution to improve and stabilize vision. Scleral lenses help recreate an optimal refractive surface to enhance vision for the patient. Patients with specific dry eye symptoms can receive a therapeutic benefit from scleral lens use as the lens acts as a protective barrier for corneal hydration. This is a case report on a patient suffering from both ocular and systemic conditions resulting in decreased vision and discomfort from severe dry eye. She has been successfully fit with scleral lenses to improve signs and symptoms. Key Words: Radial keratotomy (RK), dry eye, Sjogren's syndrome, scleral lens 2300 East Campbell Avenue, Unit 316 Phoenix, AZ 85016 [email protected] (480) 815-4135 1 Introduction: Patients may present to their eye care provider with multiple conditions impacting 2 both their ocular and systemic health. Ocular comorbidities frequently lead to visual impairment 3 and decreased quality of life. To suitably manage these coinciding ailments, it is essential to 4 obtain an early and proper diagnosis. [1] In some instances, similar approaches can help alleviate 5 patient symptoms in managing these comorbidities. 6 7 The goal of refractive surgery is to eliminate the dependency on glasses and contact lenses. -
Scleral Lenses to Manage Dry Eye Symptoms
Contact us today Scleral Lens for Management of to learn how scleral lenses Dry Eye Symptoms can make a difference in your life. Affix your practice address label here. Scleral lens vaulting the cornea, maintaining a cushion of tears. Blanchard Contact Lenses supplies the specialty GP lens industry with leading lens designs of the highest quality. Our mission is to consistently design and develop innovative specialty GP lenses utilizing cutting edge manufacturing methods, while maintaining unique partnerships with eye care professionals to improve all aspects of the contact lens wearer experience. Scleral Lenses for the Management of Dry Eye Symptoms Chronic Dry Eye Disorders Dry eye can occur or be caused by How msd™ and Onefit™ Scleral Lenses Work According to a consumer survey1, many conditions. Some are: 48% of adults report dry eye msd™ and Onefit™ scleral lenses are • Age related symptoms. Of those, 42% have made of materials that let oXygen pass • Gender (occurs more with women) trouble reading print as a result of dry through the lens promoting long term eye. Nineteen percent report using • Medications and/or medical conditions cornel health and comfort. The lens over the counter drops to help with • Environmental conditions design provides a thin cushion of fluid the condition, but two thirds of those • Post Refractive Surgery (LASIK and that stays between the lens and eye who use drops find that they are not msd™ Mini-Scleral Lens RK), post-surgery, or post-injury providing immediate relief of dry eye comfortably fit to eye. effective. symptoms and long term wearing Patients with dry eye symptoms may comfort. -
Refractive Status and Optical Components of Premature Babies with Or Without Retinopathy of Prematurity at 7 Years Old
116 Original Article Refractive status and optical components of premature babies with or without retinopathy of prematurity at 7 years old Yang Wang, Lian-Hong Pi, Ru-Lian Zhao, Xiao-Hui Zhu, Ning Ke Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China Contributions: (I) Conception and design: Y Wang, LH Pi, N Ke; (II) Administrative support: LH Pi; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: LH Pi, N Ke; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: Y Wang, RL Zhao, XH Zhu; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: Y Wang; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Ning Ke. Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China. Email: [email protected]. Background: This study aimed to investigate the refractive status and optical components of premature babies with or without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at 7 years old and to explore the influence of prematurity and ROP on the refractive status and optical components. Methods: From January 2009 to February 2011, premature babies receiving fundus photographic screening (FPS) were recruited and divided into non-ROP group and ROP group. -
Refractive Errors a Closer Look
2011-2012 refractive errors a closer look WHAT ARE REFRACTIVE ERRORS? WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS? In order for our eyes to be able to see, light rays must be bent or refracted by the cornea and the lens MYOPIA (NEARSIGHTEDNESS) so they can focus on the retina, the layer of light- sensitive cells lining the back of the eye. A myopic eye is longer than normal or has a cornea that is too steep. As a result, light rays focus in front of The retina receives the picture formed by these light the retina instead of on it. Close objects look clear but rays and sends the image to the brain through the distant objects appear blurred. optic nerve. Myopia is inherited and is often discovered in children A refractive error means that due to its shape, your when they are between ages eight and 12 years old. eye doesn’t refract the light properly, so the image you During the teenage years, when the body grows see is blurred. Although refractive errors are called rapidly, myopia may become worse. Between the eye disorders, they are not diseases. ages of 20 and 40, there is usually little change. If the myopia is mild, it is called low myopia. Severe myopia is known as high myopia. Lens Retina Cornea Lens Retina Cornea Light rays Light is focused onto the retina Light rays Light is focused In a normal eye, the cornea and lens focus light rays on in front of the retina the retina. In myopia, the eye is too long or the cornea is too steep. -
Distribution of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Astigmatism in Eyes with Keratoconus
Distribution of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Astigmatism in Eyes With Keratoconus MOHAMMAD NADERAN, MOHAMMAD TAHER RAJABI, AND PARVIZ ZARRINBAKHSH PURPOSE: To investigate the magnitude, with-the-rule ERATOCONUS (KC) IS A PROGRESSIVE, USUALLY (WTR) or against-the-rule (ATR) orientation, and vec- bilateral ectatic corneal disorder, characterized by 1,2 tor components (Jackson astigmatic vectors [J0 and J45] K corneal thinning and protrusion. KC starts at and blurring strength) of the anterior and posterior puberty and progresses to the third or fourth decade of corneal astigmatism (ACA and PCA) in patients with life, causing myopia and astigmatism, which results in keratoconus (KC) in a retrospective study, and to try to severe vision distortion and sometimes even blindness.1 find suitable cutoff points for ACA and PCA in an Astigmatism is a refractive error that is mostly caused by attempt to discriminate KC from normal corneas. toricity of the anterior corneal surface leading to visually DESIGN: Retrospective age- and sex-matched case- significant optical aberration. Both the anterior and poste- control study. rior corneal surfaces contribute to the total corneal METHODS: Using the Pentacam images, the aforemen- astigmatism. Recently, the direct and quantitative mea- tioned parameters were compared between 1273 patients surement of the posterior corneal measurements in a with KC and 1035 normal participants. clinical setting has been possible with new imaging tech- RESULTS: The mean magnitude of the ACA and PCA nologies such as slit-scanning, Scheimpflug, or optical was 4.49 ± 2.16 diopter (D) and 0.90 ± 0.43 D, respec- coherence devices.3,4 tively. The dominant astigmatism orientation of the Assessment of the corneal astigmatism plays an impor- ACA was ATR in KC patients and WTR in normal par- tant role in vision correction procedures such as rigid gas- ticipants (P < .001), while for the PCA it was WTR in permeable lens prescription or intraocular lens (IOL) im- KC patients and ATR in normal participants (P < .001). -
Refractive Error Is a Disease of the Eye, and We Should Treat It
Refractive error is a disease of the eye, and we should treat it. believe that refractive error is a disease of the eye— no different from glaucoma, dry eye disease, and other issues for which we readily offer treatment. In the world of modern cataract and refractive surgery, we have the capability to correct visual Iacuity that is compromised due to astigmatism and other types refractive error, so why shouldn't we treat astigmatism during cataract surgery? A large percentage of our cataract patients, about 75%, have at least 0.50 D of astigmatism. Even this small amount of astigmatism can and often does create issues visually for patients. The higher the My Philosophy of level of astigmatism, the more it can affect vision. My philosophy is, why not try to help these people? Correcting their astigmatism will help them to achieve better visual acuity, and this is even more crucial in patients who elect a multifocal, extended depth of focus, or other premium IOL. It is important to educate patients about their astigmatism and to relay to them what we can do ASTIGMATISM to correct it. The level of care and attention to detail affects everything, from our surgical outcomes, to the practice’s reputation, to future referral patterns. THRESHOLDS AND BEST PRACTICES My threshold for astigmatism treatment is about 0.75 D. Above that, the patient can lose contrast and can have functional visual acuity issues if the astig- MANAGEMENT matism is not addressed. I believe that correction of low astigmatism, especially, is low-hanging fruit, as it provides surgeons with an additional opportunity to improve their practices. -
Managing Postoperative Astigmatism in Cataract Surgery: a Short Review
Acta Scientific Ophthalmology (ISSN: 2582-3191) Volume 3 Issue 8 August 2020 Review Article Managing Postoperative Astigmatism in Cataract Surgery: A Short Review Mohammed Abdulkarem* and Mustafa Ali Shata Received: July 20, 2020 Department of Ophthalmology, Jeddah Eye Hospital, Saudi Arabia Published: July 25, 2020 *Corresponding Author: Mohammed Abdulkarem, Department of © All rights are reserved by Mohammed Ophthalmology, Jeddah Eye Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Abdulkarem and Mustafa Ali Shata. DOI: 10.31080/ASOP.2020.03.0148 Abstract Cataract surgery is no more a visual rehabilitation surgery. Today along with cataract removal, astigmatism correction has become a routine procedure. Patients want a spectacle free life at any stage of life. 10 years before it was still impressive to have a residual of +2.0 D astigmatism following cataract surgery. But in last 10 years, a lot of technological advancement has happened. The residual astigmatism following cataract surgery has come down from 1.5D to 0.75D, even 0.5D when a premium IOL is implanted. Here we are going to discuss in short the journey of astigmatism correction from choosing the incision in steep axis to Toric IOL implantation and so on. Keywords: Astigmatism; Surgery; Limbal relaxing incisions (LRI) Introduction Again the closer the incision is from visual axis, the more it causes astigmatism. As the cornea is more of oval in shape, so any incision Cataract surgery has evolved a long way from being simple lens in superior cornea is nearer to visual axis than temporal cornea. So extraction to refractive procedure. Now a days patients wants a superior incisions tends to produce more astigmatism than tempo- spectacle free life following cataract surgery.