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The Study on Interpersonal Meanings in Javanese Wedding Pranatacara Genre

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The Study on Interpersonal Meanings in Javanese Wedding Pranatacara Genre THE STUDY ON INTERPERSONAL MEANINGS IN JAVANESE WEDDING PRANATACARA GENRE A Dissertation Submitted in a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Doctorate Degree in Language Education By Sukarno NIM : 2201601006 LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDIES POST-GRADUATE PROGRAM THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF SEMARANG 2008 PAGE OF APPROVAL This is to certify that a Doctorate Dissertation entitled ‘The Study on Interpersonal Meanings in Javanese Wedding Pranatacara Genre was approved on the 27th day of December, 2007 for further approval by the Board of Examiners in the Open Examination. Board of Examiners Chairperson/Rector Secretary/Director Prof. Dr. H. Sudijono Sastroatmojo, M.Si. Prof. Dr. H. AT. Soegito, S.H., M.M. NIP.131125646 NIP.130345757 First Examiner Second Examiner Prof. Sunardi, M.Sc., Ph.D. Prof. Mursid Saleh, MA, Ph.D NIP.130605279 NIP. 130354512 Third Examiner Fourth Examiner Prof. Retmono, Ph.D. Prof. Maryanto, Ph.D. Fifth Examiner Sixth Examiner Prof. Dr. M. Samiati Tarjana Prof. Abbas Achmad Badib, NIP. 130246658 MA, MA. Dip. TEFL, Ph.D. NIP. 130325779 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Praised be to Alloh, the Almighty for the blessings bestowed to me during the process of writing up this dissertation without which I would never have written a single word. My most sincere thanks and gratitude shall go to Prof. Abbas Achmad Badib, MA, MA, Dip. TEFL, Ph.D, my First Supervisor; Prof. Dr. Sri Samiati Tarjana, my Co- Supervisor; Prof. A. Maryanto, Ph.D, a Member of the Supervisory Board for their expertises, assistance and counsels. I am also greatly indebted to Ir. H. Bambang Surendro, MT., MA, the Rector of Tidar University of Magelang who has allowed me to pursue further education at UNNES for my doctorate degree in language education. His encouragement and positive criticisms over my post graduate study are highly appreciated. My heartfelt thanks and gratitude shall also go to Vincent P. Costa, Ed.D, the Provincial Coordinator of Central Java DBE 2-USAID who has encouraged me on a daily basis for speedier completion of this dissertation. For him, no single day goes by without asking me when I would finish my study at UNNES. My father, Mr. Suyoto Yotosuwarno, who has wisely taught me the philosophy of life, deserves my special words of thanks and appreciation, and so does my mother, Mrs. Suginah Yotosuwarno, who—despite her being illiterate—always wishes me good lucks in my postgraduate study and multiple careers. I am deeply indebted to their struggle without which I would never have seen the light of the sun. iii Dra. Sri Haryati. M.Pd, my wife also deserves my words of thanks and appreciation for her patience over my frequent absences from the family. I miss her call every single day, even if it is only to say ‘Hi’. She has done the best a wife can do. In addition, my two daughters, Fanny Shinta Pramudiastuti, S.Farm., Apt. and Octavia Lhaksmi Pramudiastuti are the apples of my eyes of whom I am most proud for the rest of my life next to the everlasting beauty of my wife. I have been observing them grow inch by inch—only to find that I cannot stop my natural aging process. Both of them will become the most reliable generation of the next. My prayers shall follow every step they take, every decision they make. To all my friends, colleagues, and those whose names cannot be mentioned one by one but who have undoubtedly contributed directly or indirectly to the completion of this dissertation, may God, the Almighty bless them all. Sukarno iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page of Approval ...................................................................................................... i Acknowledgement .................................................................................................... ii Table of Content ....................................................................................................... iv List of Table .............................................................................................................. viii List of Diagrams ....................................................................................................... ix Abstract ..................................................................................................................... x Sari ............................................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Reasons for Taking up the Topic ............................................................. 18 1.1.2 Reasons for Taking up Interpersonal Meanings ...................................... 21 1.2 Research Question .................................................................................... 22 1.3 Purpose of the Study ................................................................................. 23 1.4 Significance of the Study .......................................................................... 25 1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study ........................................................... 27 1.6 Definitions of Key Terms ......................................................................... 27 1.7 Organization of the Dissertation ............................................................... 30 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................... 33 2.1 The Semiotic System of Language ........................................................... 34 2.2 Rhetoric ..................................................................................................... 39 2.3 Communicative Competence .................................................................... 41 2.4 The Javanese Language: An Overview ..................................................... 43 2.5 An Outlook of Javanese Philosophy ......................................................... 45 2.6 An Outline of the Javanese Grammar ....................................................... 48 2.6.1 Javanese Morphology ............................................................................... 49 v 2.6.2 Javanese Syntax ........................................................................................ 54 2.6.2.1 At the Phrase Level ................................................................................... 54 2.6.2.2 At the Clause Level ................................................................................... 56 2.6.2.2.1 Simple Sentence ........................................................................................ 56 2.6.2.2.2 Complex Sentence .................................................................................... 57 2.6.2.2.3 Compound Sentence ................................................................................. 58 2.6.2.2.4 Compound-Complex Sentence ................................................................. 58 2.6.3 The Javanese Language of Pranatacara ................................................... 59 2.6.3.1 The Use of Figurative Language ............................................................... 60 2.6.3.2 On Javanese Prosody ................................................................................ 62 2.6.3.3 On Speech Decorum ................................................................................. 63 2.7 The GENRE Theory: A Short Outline ...................................................... 66 2.7.1 Obligatory Stages ...................................................................................... 67 2.7.2 Non-Obligatory Stages .............................................................................. 68 2.8 The Requirements for a Good Pranatacara .............................................. 71 2.8.1 Paramasastra ............................................................................................ 71 2.8.2 Paramakawi ............................................................................................. 72 2.8.3 Mardibasa ................................................................................................ 73 2.8.4 Mardiwalagu ............................................................................................ 74 2.8.5 Awicara .................................................................................................... 74 2.8.6 Mandraguna ............................................................................................. 75 2.8.7 Nawungkrida ............................................................................................ 75 2.8.8 Sambegana ............................................................................................... 75 2.9 On Translating and Transliterating the Javanese Texts ........................... 77 2.10 Outline of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) .................................. 78 2.11 Language Metafunctions .......................................................................... 80 vi 2.11.1 Ideational Meaning .................................................................................. 84 2.11.2 Material Process ....................................................................................... 86 2.11.2.1 Mental Processes ...................................................................................... 89 2.11.2.2 Verbal Processes ...................................................................................... 90 2.11.2.3 Behavioral Processes ...............................................................................
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