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Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas Piedmont Glaciations in Blidinje, the Dinaric Mountains (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Çiner, Attila; Stepišnik, Uroš; Sarkaya, M

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Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas Piedmont Glaciations in Blidinje, the Dinaric Mountains (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Çiner, Attila; Stepišnik, Uroš; Sarkaya, M Aberystwyth University Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas piedmont glaciations in Blidinje, the Dinaric Mountains (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Çiner, Attila; Stepišnik, Uroš; Sarkaya, M. Akif; Zebre, Manja; Yldrm, Cengiz Published in: Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews DOI: 10.1007/s42990-019-0003-4 Publication date: 2019 Citation for published version (APA): Çiner, A., Stepišnik, U., Sarkaya, M. A., Zebre, M., & Yldrm, C. (2019). Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas piedmont glaciations in Blidinje, the Dinaric Mountains (Bosnia and Herzegovina): insights from 36Cl cosmogenic dating. Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-019-0003-4 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Aberystwyth Research Portal (the Institutional Repository) are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Aberystwyth Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Aberystwyth Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. tel: +44 1970 62 2400 email: [email protected] Download date: 03. Oct. 2021 Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas piedmont glaciations in Blidinje, the Dinaric Mountains (Bosnia and Herzegovina); insights from 36Cl cosmogenic dating --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: MEGR-D-19-00003R1 Full Title: Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas piedmont glaciations in Blidinje, the Dinaric Mountains (Bosnia and Herzegovina); insights from 36Cl cosmogenic dating Article Type: Original Paper Funding Information: TUBİTAK Dr Mehmet Akif Sarıkaya (118Y052) Bilimsel Araştirma Projeleri Birimi, Istanbul Dr Mehmet Akif Sarıkaya Üniversitesi (MGA-2017-40540) Slovenian Research Agency Dr Manja Žebre (No. P1-0011, No. P6-0229(A) and P1- 0025) University of Ljubljana Dr Uros Stepišnik Abstract: The highest parts of the Dinaric Mountains along the eastern Adriatic coast of the southern Europe, known for their typical Mediterranean karst–dominated landscape and very humid climate, were glaciated during the Late Pleistocene. Palaeo–piedmont type glaciers that originated from Čvrsnica Mountain (2226 m a.s.l.; above sea level) in Bosnia and Herzegovina deposited hummocky, lateral and terminal moraines into the Blidinje Polje. Twelve boulder samples collected from these moraines were dated by cosmogenic 36Cl surface exposure dating method. Using 40 mm ka–1 bedrock erosion rate due to high precipitation rates, we obtained 36Cl ages of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 22.7 ± 3.8 ka) from the hummocky moraines, and Younger Dryas (13.2 ± 1.8 ka) from the lateral moraine in Svinjača area. The amphitheater shaped terminal moraine in Glavice area also yielded a Younger Dryas (13.5 ± 1.8 ka) age within the error margins. Because our boulder ages reflect complex exhumation and denudation histories, future work is needed to better understand these processes and their influence on the cosmogenic exposure dating approach in a karstic landscape. Our results provide a new dataset, and present a relevant contribution towards a better understanding of the glacial chronologies of the Dinaric Mountains. Corresponding Author: Attila Çiner, PhD Istanbul Teknik Universitesi Istanbul, TURKEY Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: Istanbul Teknik Universitesi Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Attila Çiner, PhD First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Attila Çiner, PhD Uros Stepišnik, Dr Mehmet Akif Sarıkaya, Professor Manja Žebre, Dr Cengiz Yıldırım, Dr Order of Authors Secondary Information: Author Comments: I have made all requested chages that were pointed out by the reviewers. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation Response to Reviewers: I have made all changes that were pointed out by the referees. As they were minor changes I do not include a rebuttal to reviewers letter here. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation Highlights Click here to access/download;Manuscript;Blidinje Higlights.docx Click here to view linked References Highlights 1 2 3 Extents of piedmont palaeoglaciers were reconstructed in Bosnia and 4 5 Herzegovina 6 7 8 Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) moraine age reported from the Dinaric Mountains 9 10 5 boulders from hummocky moraines yielded 36Cl ages of 22.7 ± 3.8 ka (LGM) 11 12 36 13 3 boulders from a lateral moraine gave Cl ages of 13.2 ± 1.8 ka (Younger 14 15 Dryas) 16 17 36 18 4 boulders from a terminal moraine gave Cl ages of 13.5 ± 1.8 ka (Younger 19 20 Dryas) 21 22 23 Boulder ages reflect complex exhumation and denudation histories 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Manuscript Click here to access/download;Manuscript;Blidinje glaciation (BIH) Paper corrected final.docx Click here to view linked References Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas piedmont glaciations in Blidinje, the Dinaric 1 2 Mountains (Bosnia and Herzegovina); insights from 36Cl cosmogenic dating 3 4 5 6 7 8 aAttila ÇİNER, bUroš STEPIŠNIK, aM. Akif SARIKAYA, cManja ŽEBRE, aCengiz 9 10 YILDIRIM 11 12 13 14 15 16 aEurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak–Istanbul 34469, Turkey 17 18 bDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 19 20 21 cDepartment of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom 22 23 24 25 26 Corresponding author: Attila Çiner; [email protected] 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 1 63 64 65 Abstract 1 2 3 The highest parts of the Dinaric Mountains along the eastern Adriatic coast of the southern 4 5 Europe, known for their typical Mediterranean karst–dominated landscape and very humid 6 7 8 climate, were glaciated during the Late Pleistocene. Palaeo–piedmont type glaciers that 9 10 originated from Čvrsnica Mountain (2226 m a.s.l.; above sea level) in Bosnia and 11 12 Herzegovina deposited hummocky, lateral and terminal moraines into the Blidinje Polje. 13 14 36 15 Twelve boulder samples collected from these moraines were dated by cosmogenic Cl 16 17 surface exposure dating method. Using 40 mm ka–1 bedrock erosion rate due to high 18 19 36 20 precipitation rates, we obtained Cl ages of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 22.7 ± 3.8 ka) 21 22 from the hummocky moraines, and Younger Dryas (13.2 ± 1.8 ka) from the lateral moraine in 23 24 25 Svinjača area. The amphitheater shaped terminal moraine in Glavice area also yielded a 26 27 Younger Dryas (13.5 ± 1.8 ka) age within the error margins. Because our boulder ages reflect 28 29 complex exhumation and denudation histories, future work is needed to better understand 30 31 32 these processes and their influence on the cosmogenic exposure dating approach in a karstic 33 34 landscape. Our results provide a new dataset, and present a relevant contribution towards a 35 36 37 better understanding of the glacial chronologies of the Dinaric Mountains. 38 39 40 Keywords: Dinaric Karst; Cosmogenic Surface Exposure Dating; Piedmont Glaciation; 41 42 Bosnia and Herzegovina; Balkans; Last Glacial Maximum, Younger Dryas 43 44 45 46 47 48 1. Introduction 49 50 51 The Dinaric Mountains extend along the eastern Adriatic coast for about 650 km along the 52 53 western Balkan Peninsula, from the Alps in Slovenia to the Korab Mountains in Albania and 54 55 56 is highly influenced by the Mediterranean climate. Western part of the mountain range is a 57 58 karst landscape with high–elevated plateaux, which characterise highest segments of the 59 60 61 62 2 63 64 65 Dinaric Mountains with elevations reaching 2522 m a.s.l. (above sea level) in Durmitor and 1 2 2694 m a.s.l. in Prokletije mountains, where small glaciers still exist (Gachev et al., 2016). 3 4 5 The Dinaric Mountains were also glaciated in the past. First studies related to the glaciations 6 7 of the Dinaric Mountains were carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro (e.g. 8 9 10 Cvijić, 1899; Grund, 1902, 1910; Penck, 1900; Liedtke, 1962; Riđanović, 1966). Pleistocene 11 12 glaciers were reported from the coastal Dinaric Mountains bordering the Adriatic Sea (Cvijić, 13 14 1899, 1900). Because of likely high moisture supply during cold periods (e.g. Hughes et al., 15 16 17 2010), moraines were encountered below 1000 m a.s.l., and glacial deposits were described 18 19 even at sea level in northern Dalmatia (Croatia) (Marjanac and Marjanac, 2004). Sawicki 20 21 22 (1911) reported moraines on Mount Orjen (1894 m) in Montenegro, ~500 m a.s.l., 23 24 overlooking present level of the Adriatic Sea. Although wars and political instabilities during 25 26 27 the last century prevented further research in the countries surrounding the Dinaric 28 29 Mountains, there is now an increasing interest in the description and understanding of past 30 31 glacial deposits and events (e.g. Hughes et al., 2010, 2011; Petrović, 2014; Krklec et al., 32 33 34 2015). For instance, the Late Pleistocene glacial landforms and glaciokarst of Mount Orjen 35 36 were described in detail (Marković, 1973; Stepišnik et al., 2009).
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