Brian Beckford University of Michigan APS DPF Meeting, August 3, 2017
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Survey of the physics landscape and attempts to improve diversity Brian Beckford University of Michigan APS DPF Meeting, August 3, 2017 ©2017, B. Beckford: [email protected] Population Women and URM make up a substantial portion of the US population A Science and engineering degrees earned by underrepresented minority Science and engineering degrees earned by white women and men: B women and men: 1995–2014 1995–2014 Percent Percent 14 45 Bachelor’s, women Bachelor’s, men Doctorate, women 12 40 ๏ Women are aboutMaster’s, women Master’s,50%, men Doctorate, Hispanics, men 17%, black 13%, Asian, 6%, 35 10 30 (American8 Indian, Alaskan Native,25 Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, 6 20 15 4 Bachelor’s, men Doctorate, men Master’s, women and those who reported more than10 Bachelor’s,one women raceMaster’s, men 2%.Doctorate, women (URM ~ 35%) 2 Introduction 5 0 0 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2011 2012 2014 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2011 2012 2014 The representation of certain groups of people in science NOTE: Data not available for 1999. NOTE: Data not available for 1999. CNoninstitutionalizedScience and engineering degrees earned by resident Asian women and men:population Science of and the engineering United bachelor's Statesdegrees earned ages by Hispanic 18–64, women, D A 1995–2014 by field: 1995–2014 and engineering (S&E) education and employment byPercent race, ethnicity, and sex: 2014 Percent 14 12 AsianPsychology men 2.7% Physical sciences Bachelor’s, men 12 10 Social sciences Engineering Bachelor’s, women BiologicalAsian sciences womenComputer 3.0% sciences difers from their representation in the U.S. population. Master’s, men 10 Mathematics and statistics Doctorate, womenWhite women 8 Doctorate, men Black men 6.1% 8 Master’s, women 31.0% 6 Women, persons with disabilities, and three racial and 6 4 4 ethnic groups—blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians 2 2 Black women 6.6% 0 0 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2011 2012 2014 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 or Alaska Natives—are underrepresented in S&E. While NOTE: Data not available for 1999. NOTES: Data not available for 1999. Hispanic may be any race. E Science and engineering bachelor's degrees earned by black or Science and engineering bachelor'sHispanic degrees earned men by 8.7% Asian women, F women have reached parity with men among S&E degree African American women, by feld: 1995–2014 by feld: 1995–2014 Percent Percent 12 12 recipients overall, they constitute disproportionally smaller Psychology Computer sciences Biological sciences Mathematics and statistics Social sciences Mathematics and statistics Physical sciences Engineering 10 10 Biological sciences Engineering Psychology Computer sciences Physical sciences Social sciencesHispanic women 8.3% percentages of employed scientists and engineers than they 8 8 6 White men 31.0% 6 Other men 1.2% Other women 1.3% do of the U.S. population. Blacks, Hispanics, and American 4 4 NOTES:2 Hispanic may be any race. Other includes individuals2 not of Hispanic ethnicity who reported more Indians or Alaska Natives have gradually increased their than0 one race or a race not listed separately. 0 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 share of S&E degrees, but they remain underrepresented in NOTE: Data not available for 1999. NOTE: Data not available for 1999. 11 educational attainment and the S&E workforce. By contrast, www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/ ©2017, B. Beckford: [email protected] and other racial and ethnic groups combined (American Asians are overrepresented among S&E degree recipients Indians or Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific and employed scientists and engineers. Islanders, and individuals who report more than one race Underrepresentation and overrepresentation of women and are not Hispanic), 2%. According to the latest Census and racial or ethnic groups vary by field of study and Bureau projections, minorities will account for 56% of the occupation. Variations in the representation of these U.S. population by 2060. The largest growth is projected in groups are rooted in diferences in precollege course the numbers of Hispanics, Asians, and persons of multiple taking, participation in S&E higher education, and overall races. Despite increasing numbers, the proportion of blacks educational attainment. is projected to grow only 1 percentage point by 2060. Women and underrepresented minorities constituted a Hispanic women were the largest group of minority women substantial portion of the U.S. population ages 18 to 64 ages 18 to 64 years in the United States in 2014, constituting years in 2014 (figure A). Women were about 50% of this 8% of the overall population in this age group. Black population; Hispanics, 17%; blacks, 13%; Asians, 6%; women constituted 7% of this population; Asian women, 2 Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2017 Representation in physical sciences Underrepresented Minority (URM): Statistically underrepresented group in a field and A Science and engineering degrees earned by underrepresented minority Science and engineering degrees earned by white women and men: B that is not representativewomen and men: 1995–2014 of population. For1995–2014 this talk, the URM is Hispanic-, African-, and Percent Percent 14 45 American Indian, AlaskanBachelor’s, women Native,Bachelor’s, men Doctorate, Native women Hawaiian,40 and Pacific Islander 12 Master’s, women Master’s, men Doctorate, men 35 10 30 8 25 A Science and6 engineering degrees earned20 by underrepresented minority Science and engineering degrees earned by white women and men: B 15 4 Bachelor’s, men Doctorate, men Master’s, women 10 Bachelor’s, women Master’s, men Doctorate, women 2 women and men: 1995–2014 5 1995–2014 0 0 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2011 2012 2014 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2011 2012 2014 Percent NOTE: Data not available for 1999. NOTE: Data not available for 1999. Percent 14 C Science and engineering degrees earned by Asian women and men: Science and engineering bachelor's degrees earned by Hispanic women, D 45 1995–2014 by field: 1995–2014 PercentBachelor’s, women Bachelor’s,Percent men Doctorate, women 40 12 14 12 Psychology Physical sciences Master’s,Bachelor’s, men women Master’s, men Doctorate, men 12 10 Social sciences Engineering Bachelor’s, women Biological sciences Computer sciences Master’s, men 35 10 Mathematics and statistics Doctorate, women 8 10 Doctorate, men 8 Master’s, women 6 30 6 4 8 4 25 2 2 0 0 6 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2011 2012 2014 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 20 NOTE: Data not available for 1999. NOTES: Data not available for 1999. Hispanic may be any race. 15 4 E Science and engineering bachelor's degrees earned by black or Science and engineering bachelor's degrees earned by Asian women, F Bachelor’s, men Doctorate, men Master’s, women African American women, by feld: 1995–2014 by feld: 1995–2014 10 Percent Percent Bachelor’s, women Master’s, men Doctorate, women 12 12 2 Psychology Computer sciences Biological sciences Mathematics and statistics Social sciences Mathematics and statistics Physical sciences Engineering 10 10 5 Biological sciences Engineering Psychology Computer sciences Physical sciences Social sciences 0 8 8 0 1995 6 1998 2000 2002 20046 2006 2008 2011 2012 2014 4 4 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2011 2012 2014 NOTE: Data not2 available for 1999. 2 NOTE: Data not available for 1999. 0 0 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 NOTE: Data not available for 1999. NOTE: Data not available for 1999. 11 C Sciencewww.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/ and engineering degrees earned3 by Asian women and men: ©2017, B. Beckford: [email protected] and engineering bachelor's degrees earned by Hispanic women, D 1995–2014 by field: 1995–2014 Percent Percent 14 12 Psychology Physical sciences Bachelor’s, men 12 10 Social sciences Engineering Bachelor’s, women Biological sciences Computer sciences Master’s, men 10 Mathematics and statistics Doctorate, women 8 Doctorate, men 8 Master’s, women 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2011 2012 2014 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 NOTE: Data not available for 1999. NOTES: Data not available for 1999. Hispanic may be any race. E Science and engineering bachelor's degrees earned by black or Science and engineering bachelor's degrees earned by Asian women, F African American women, by feld: 1995–2014 by feld: 1995–2014 Percent Percent 12 12 Psychology Computer sciences Biological sciences Mathematics and statistics Social sciences Mathematics and statistics Physical sciences Engineering 10 10 Biological sciences Engineering Psychology Computer sciences Physical sciences Social sciences 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 NOTE: Data not available for 1999. NOTE: Data not available for 1999. www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/ 11 Bachelor’s degrees earned by Hispanic -, African Americans in physical science fields Hispanic American and African American physics BS accounts for 2-3% of earned degrees, respectively. Native American physics BS is roughly 0.5%. African American Hispanic American Bachelor Degrees Percentage of BS degrees earnedBachelor by Degrees Percentage of BS degrees earned by Hispanic Americans by major African Americans by major 20% 16% 18% 14% 16% Popula1on Popula1on 12% 14% Biology Chemistry 12% Engineering 10% Biology 10% Chemistry 8% Math and Stats 8% Math and Stats 6% Engineering 6% Physics Physics 489 4% 4% Earth Sciences 182 169 Earth Sciences 2% 2% 112 Sources: IPEDS Completion survey by race, US Census Sources: IPEDS Completion survey by race, US Census 0% 0% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 www.aps.org ©2016, American Physical Society; Email: [email protected] 4 www.aps.org ©2016, American Physical Society; Email: [email protected] 5 4 ©2017, B.