A Bibliography of the Avon Heathcote Estuary/Ihutai

Compiled by Paul Corliss

December 2006 “Formerly, the Ngāi Tahu [Ngai Tuahuriri ] were the owners of Ihutai, an important fishing easement located in the New Brighton - Sumner coastline area. It was part of a much larger fishery or mahinga kai used by a number of specially designated hapū and whānau groups. The owners of these traditional sites were those of the Kaiapoi Reserve and their immediate descendants.

The boundary of Ihutai was bounded by the shores of the Ōtākaro (Avon) and Ōpāwaho (Heathcote) rivers including the central railway station and to a point approximately known as Girls High School, across to the Cashmere Hills and then to Pukekai Kahu (Castle Hill). This also included all of the to the summit of Te Heru o Kahukura.”

Sources: Alexander Turnbull Library Archives New Zealand - Te Rua Mahara o te Kawanatanga Bibliographies of all viewed entries Canterbury Central Library Canterbury Museum Archives Collection Canterbury University - Te Whare Wananga o Waitaha Cawthron Institute Charles Berridge, Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust, Bibliography Project City Council Christchurch Drainage Board Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology – Te Wananga o Otautahi Christchurch Star newspaper Department of Conservation Environment Canterbury/ECan Hocken Library Landcare Research Lincoln University - Te Whare Wanaka o Aoraki Board Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln Macmillan Brown Library Ministry of Works & Development Ministry for the Environment National Institute of Water & Atmosphere - Taihoro Nukurangi National Library - Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa New Brighton Library Personal Library Royal Society of New Zealand newspaper Sumner Library Sumner Museum University of Auckland - Te Whare Wananga o Tamaki Makaurau Victoria University of Wellington - Te Whare Wananga o te Opoko o te Ika a Maui I acknowledge the support and contributions made by the following: Staff at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch; Eric Banks (Christchurch City Council); Simon Bardsley (ECan); Jenny Bond (ECan); Mike Bourke (Christchurch City Council); Mike Bradstock; Lex Calder (ECan); Tony Clay (Burnside High School); Ken Couling (Christchurch City Council); Alex Drysdale (AHEIT); Stephen King (ECan); Jason Kronig (ECan); Heather Holder-Lunn (Christchurch City Council); Alisdair Hutchison (AHEIT); Islay Marsden (Canterbury University); Jenny Ridgen (Christchurch City Council); Jim Robb (ex Christchurch City Council); Topsy Rule (Sumner Museum); Martin Ward (AHEIT); Chrissie Williams (AHEIT).

An Ihutai Bibliography 2

The bibliography has been developed with the intention of providing access to estuary material by the widest possible audience - from scientists to community groups, from schools to environmental activists, from local body researchers to the merely curious. It has been produced by the cooperation of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust, the Christchurch City Council and Environment Canterbury and has been supported by a Lottery Board grant.

While the great majority of the material is specific to the estuary and its two major rivers, some more general books have incorporated on the basis of providing supportive texts for the broader Christchurch/Canterbury/New Zealand context of subject matter (historical, botanical, Maori, biological, geological, etc). In view of the range of potential users it gives some general pointers on key subjects of which their estuarine connection may only form part of their search.

Geographical boundaries for material inclusion were set at 500 metres from the estuary edge, to the Woolston Cut on the Heathcote River/Opawaho and Bridge Street Bridge on the Avon River/Otakaro. This hasn’t prevented material derived from the catchment being included, but indicates that there is still further relevant material for inclusion, currently sitting outside the geographical limits initially set.

The bibliography, which now has in excess of 1,200 entries, has been entered into a database which will be made available and is accordingly publicly accessible via the internet on the ECan and the AHEIT websites. Searches will be able to be undertaken by a variety of methods including: Author name, title, subject, general keywords, biological, physical and human components which are broken down into relevant keyword categories, and a range of location fields.

Where available, web links are provided for entries that can be directly accessed on the internet. Record notes associated with each entry will generally, where known, contain an indication of where to access the actual title. Generally the following holds true:

· An Environment Canterbury report or record number suggests that the entry is held at ECan, Kilmore St, Christchurch. · A Christchurch City Council report suggests that the entry is held at the Christchurch City Council, Tuam Street, Christchurch. Copies are often also available from the Christchurch Central Library or can be sought from their website. · An ISBN or DBCN number suggests that the entry may be held at the Christchurch Central Library, either the main stacks or the Aotearoa/New Zealand Room · A Thesis is normally held at the corresponding university library. · Although the subject of each entry has not always been specified in the tick boxes, the subject is often indicated by the title.

Other sources (eg Archives New Zealand) are contained in the notes associated with the particular entry. This information and the contact details, postal, website and email addresses, phone numbers, etc are contained in the More information link on the front page of the website bibliography (and at the rear of this hard copy). Currently there are some 28 relevant organisations entered.

A CD on the inside rear cover of this book, holds a copy of the Bibliography in Word Document format. It can be searched by simply scrolling the authors/organisation alphabetically or using the “Find” function in the drop down menu under the “Edit” facility in Word.

Paul Corliss. December 2006

An Ihutai Bibliography 3 Acland, L G D (1975) The Early Canterbury Runs. Whitcoulls, Christchurch. 417 pp., [16] leaves of plates. DBCN No. AAD-3826; ISBN 0723304157. Notes: Pastoral leases and farming empires in the Canterbury Plains area. 4th edition. This is the preferred edition - it being extensively revised by W. H. Scotter and incorporating the annotations of G. R. Macdonald. Includes bibliographical references (p347-349) and index. Other editions include the first (1930), the second series (1940), a 1946 edition that contains the first, second and third (new) series and a 1951 edition. Adams, Nancy M (1994) Seaweeds of New Zealand: An Illustrated Guide. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. 360 pp. ISBN 0908812213. Notes: The primary and popular source, with some 116 colour plates illustrating 441 species. QV Adams, Nancy M (1997) Common Seaweeds of New Zealand. Adams, Nancy M (1997) Common Seaweeds of New Zealand. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. 48 pp. with 49 pp. of colour plates. ISBN 0908812701. Notes: Condensed and revised from ‘Seaweeds of New Zealand’, 1994 - QV. Agricultural Engineering Institute (1992) Effluent flows in the Avon Heathcote Estuary: a review of existing information and a proposed investigation programme. Agricultural Engineering Institute; Ecan Record No. LI1C/7494, 1/05/1992. 19 pp. Notes: The objective of this report is to determine what gaps are in the data from previous studies with regard to effluent flow patterns in the estuary and to devise a programme to fill these gaps and to determine the percentage of effluent leaving the estuary with each tidal cycle. Alexander, Mark (1985) Rails in the Roads: The Steam and Horse Tram Era in Christchurch. Christchurch Transport Board & Tramway Historical Society, Christchurch. 33 pp. Notes: No. 3 in the series On the Move : Christchurch transport through the years. Includes bibliographical references p33 and the Christchurch to Sumner tramway (p4 and p9-10).

Alexander, Mark (1986) The Wire Web: The Christchurch Tramway Board & its early electric tramways, 1903-1920. Christchurch Transport Board & Tramway Historical Society, Christchurch. 58 pp., [4] p. plates. Notes: No. 4 in the series On the Move : Christchurch transport through the years. Includes bibliographical references p58.

Alexander, Mark & Dew, Les (1993) Tram to the Terminus: The Christchurch Tramway Board & its electric tramways, 1921-54. A & M Publishers, Christchurch. 112 pp. ISSN 11714298. Notes: No. 7 in the series On the Move : Christchurch transport through the years. Includes bibliographical references p110-111.

Allan Herbarium (2000) New Zealand Plant Names Database. Landcare Research, New Zealand. On-line database. Notes: Accessible at http://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz.

Allan, H H, (1982) Flora of New Zealand: Volume 1. Indigenous dicots, gymnosperms, ferns and fern allies. Government Printer, Wellington. 1085pp. ISBN 0477010563. Notes: This volume describes all the indigenous vascular plants except the monocots - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledons. Keys to families, genera, and species. Notes given on hybrids and doubtful species. Maori names of plants p998-1007. A.D. Wilton and I.M.L. Andres in June 2004 created the first electronic version of this text. The volumes included in this project were Flora of New Zealand volumes 1 to 5 and Fauna of New Zealand numbers 11, 21, 41 and 43. Accessible at http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/ElectronicFormat.aspx?fileName=Flora%201.xml.

Allen, J C et al… (1999) Coastal processes in southern Pegasus Bay: a review. Technical Report No. 8 . Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Report for

An Ihutai Bibliography 4 Woodward-Clyde Ltd. and the Christchurch City Council by Land and Water Studies (International) Ltd., Christchurch. July 1999. 88pp. Notes: With R M Kirk, M Hemmingsen and D Hart. With reference list p83-88. Examines a number of coastal issues relating to a proposal by the Christchurch City Council to construct and install an ocean outfall off the Christchurch coast extending up to 3.5 kilometres from Bridge Street, South New Brighton. A review was made of existing information on coastal and beach processes in Pegasus Bay to help decide the practicability of an ocean pipeline. The report gives guidelines on pipeline depths required for long-term stability and suggests some further investigation before confirming a design. Includes physiography and shoreline development in Pegasus Bay, historic shoreline changes from pre 1940 and post 1940 with a summary of 1940-1973. QV Single, Martin (2004). The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Allison, Charles (1912) The Canal. A criticism of the report of the Christchurch Canal Commission. 18th March 1912. No imprint. Canal League. 34 pp. + 1pp. correction. Notes: Support for the Buckley’s Corner option with allegations of bias, unsoundness and financial irregularity in the Canal Commission report. Typed version of the May issue below. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAA 002-1667, 310/001. Box 947. Access to the Sea – Canal. 1905  1912. QV Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Cotton, R B; Coode, Son & Mathews; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J. Also see the 10 May 1912 edition.

Allison, Charles (1912) The Canal. A criticism of the report of the Christchurch Canal Commission. 10th May 1912. No imprint. Canal League. 20 pp. Notes: Support for the Buckley’s Corner option with allegations of bias, unsoundness and financial irregularity in the Canal Commission report. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. Christchurch Canal Commission Box. QV Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Cotton, R B; Coode, Son & Mathews; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J. Also see the 18 March 1912 edition.

Amodeo, Colin (1998) Rescue: the Sumner community and lifeboat service. Sumner Lifeboat Institute Inc., Sumner. 189 pp. Notes: The Sumner Historical Society holds the records of Sumner Volunteer Lifeboat Society (Y2833) and includes the information acquired in the writing of the history of the lifeboats including the book “Rescue”. Covers the Christchurch Estuary and the open seas around to Motanau Island, North Canterbury and covers the years 1898 – 1998.

Andersen, Johannes C (2001) Place-names of Banks Peninsula: a topographical history. Cadsonbury Publications, Christchurch. 332 pp. ISBN 1 87715 177 7. Notes: Index compiled for this edition by Ken McAllister. Map on inside front cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-36) and indexes. First published as a New Zealand Board of Science and Art, Manual No.6 in 1927 by the Government Printer, Wellington, 238 pp. and a Capper Press facsimile of 1975. Andersen, Johannes C (1949) Old Christchurch in Picture and Story. Simpson & Williams Ltd., Christchurch. 499 pp. Notes: Covers the early settlers, ferries, bridges, Sumner, Clifton, Heathcote and the Avon and Heathcote rivers. Anderson, T (1985) Geochemistry of Christchurch river sediments: the Avon River. BSc(Hons) project in Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Anonymous (1928) The Avon, Christchurch, New Zealand. Avon of Christchurch, a stream of the garden lands. Printed by Whitcombe & Tombs, Christchurch. [c1928] [24] pp., (1 folded). Notes: Chiefly illustrations, a pictorial work. Referenced from P q919.31 AVO, [c1928], Pacific Collection, Alexander Turnbull Library, New Zealand

An Ihutai Bibliography 5 Anonymous (1944) Sumner, 1850-1891. The development of a community. MA thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. ix, 112 (iv) pp. Notes: Referenced from the Sumner Library, not attributed and also contains a reference to another not attributed and undated thesis titles “Afar: the history of Heathcote from 1850-1867’.

ANZECC & ARMCANZ (1999) Draft Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council & Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand. Notes:

ANZECC & ARMCANZ (2000) Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council & Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand. Paper No. 4, Volume 3. Notes: Volume 1: The Guidelines, Volume 2: Aquatic Ecosystems – Rationale and background Information.

Archer, H E et al… (1973) Factors effecting the provisions of wastewater facilities for future urban development. Report prepared for the Canterbury Regional Planning Authority, Christchurch. October 1973. 84pp. Notes: With P J Adams, K J Sibley and M Millard. References p82-84, folding map to rear. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, item 108.

Archer, H E (1978) Extensions to the Bromley Sewage Treatment Works 1976-77. Christchurch Drainage Board Conference paper. Notes: Arnold, B E (1978) Assessment of the value of designated conservation reserve No. 6, Avon Heathcote Estuary. Report to Commissioner of Crown Lands, Dept. of Lands & Survey. February 1978. Notes: 2 maps appended. Includes some summarised historical background (1859-1977). 17.7 hectares designated, legal description Part Lots 1 and 2 on District Plan 14561. Seeks Christchurch City Council support and financial contribution. The rest of this file has much on issues related to Reserve 4001, Clifton Bay-Main Road in 1972. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/26, Lands & Survey file, item 3/384, box 21.

Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust (200?) Our Estuary. Newsletter of the Avon- Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust. Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust, Christchurch. Issue No. 1 - Notes: Ecological, recreational, environmental, political and general issues affecting the Ihutai. The Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust was incorporated as a Charitable Trust on 26 February 2003 following public fora in 1998, 2000 and 2002. Available from the AHEIT. Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust (2003) Memorandum of Understanding. Avon- Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust, Christchurch City Council and Canterbury Regional Council. 5pp. Notes: The Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust was incorporated as a Charitable Trust on 26 February 2003 following public fora in 1998, 2000 and 2002. Vision: “To have communities working together for clean water, open space, safe recreation and healthy ecosystems that we can enjoy and respect.” This MOU sets the terms of cooperation between the 3 bodies. Available from the AHEIT.

Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust (2004) Our Estuary. Ihutai Management Plan: Draft for feedback. Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust, Christchurch. 30 pp. ISBN 1869375548. Notes: Better management, healthy ecosystems, open space development, recreation. The Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust was incorporated as a Charitable Trust on 26 February 2003 following public fora in 1998, 2000 and 2002.

An Ihutai Bibliography 6 This sets out the Trust’s vision for improving the health of the estuary and its catchment. “We’ve got a non-statutory management plan draft which will act as a guide to statutory agencies working in the estuary and its feeder rivers,’’ says Alex Drysdale, chairman of the trust. The trust’s formation in 2002 marks a new way of managing natural resources in New Zealand, where the local community takes a lead role. Mr Drysdale says the key is having the community, regional and local authorities all sitting around the same table.” Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.916 OUR. Available from the AHEIT.

Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust (2004) Our Estuary: Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai. Version 1. Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust, Christchurch. 30 pp. Notes: The Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust was incorporated as a Charitable Trust on 26 February 2003 following public fora in 1998, 2000 and 2002. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.916 OUR. Available from the AHEIT.

Avon Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust (2005) Submission to Environment Canterbury on applications for Resource Consent (Ocean Outfall). Avon Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust, Christchurch. Notes: The Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust was incorporated as a Charitable Trust on 26 February 2003 following public fora in 1998, 2000 and 2002. Available from AHEIT or Customer Services, ECan.

Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust (2005) Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai: our estuary. Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust, Christchurch. Notes: A3 folded pamphlet with illustrated pictorial map on one side. The Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust was incorporated as a Charitable Trust on 26 February 2003 following public fora in 1998, 2000 and 2002. Also see Welsh, Ray. Available from the AHEIT. Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust (2006) Submission of Alex Drysdale to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. May 2006. 8pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788. Available from the AHEIT.

Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust (2006) Submission of Chrissie Williams to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. May 2006. 22 [1]pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788. Available from the AHEIT website in pdf format.

Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust (2006) Submission summary to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. May 2006. 2pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788. Available from the AHEIT website in pdf format.

Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust (2006) Submission of W. C. Clark to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. May 2006. 20pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788. Available from the AHEIT website in pdf format. Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust (2006) Submissions. Various submissions, accessible as Pdfs on the Trust website as indicated. Submission to Christchurch City Council LTCCP. 5 May 2006. 14pp. Regarding the Ihutai Management Plan. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/050506.pdf Submission to ECan LTCCP 2006. Regarding the Ihutai Management Plan. 1 May 2006. 6pp. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/010506.pdf Oral - final AHEIT submissions on ocean outfall pipeline to joint hearing. 14 June 2005. 33pp. By Chairman Alex Drysdale. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/140605.pdf

An Ihutai Bibliography 7 Submission on Greater Christchurch Urban Development strategy. 10 June 2005. 6pp. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/030605.pdf Submission to CCC on Draft Biodiversity Strategy. 8 September 2004. 7pp. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/080904.pdf Submission to CCC ‘Our Community Plan’ 2005. 18 April 2005. 1pp. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/180405.pdf Submission to Ministry for the Environment Sustainable Water Programme of Action. 18 April 2005. 1pp. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/180405.pdf Bridge Submission. 18 August 2005. 1pp. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/FerrymeadBridgeSubmission.pdf AHEIT Greater Christchurch Urban Development Strategy Options submission. 3 June 2005. 6pp. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/ AHEIT Urban Development Strategy submission 030605.pdf Heathcote River Vision Submission. 28 April 2005. 7pp. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/ Heathcote River Vision Submission 28-4-05.pdf Draft Water and Sanitary Services Assessment Submission. May 2005. 2pp. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/ Water and Sanitary Services Assessment Submission may 2005.pdf Oral Submission on Pipeline to Joint Hearing. 14 June 2005. 33pp. By Chairman Alex Drysdale. www.estuary.org.nz/pdfs/ AHEIT Oral Submission on Pipeline to Joint Hearing 140605.pdf

Ayling, T & Cox, G J (1987) Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand. Rev. edn, Collins, Auckland. DBCN No. ABM-6002; ISBN 0002169878. Notes: Also an earlier edition of 343 pp. in 1982. QV Gunson, D. and Morton, J.

Ayrey, R B (1973) Comments on bacteriological survey of the Estuary: Christchurch City Council. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0919. Notes:

Ayrey, R B (1973) The Heathcote River. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0261. Notes:

Bain, R C (1973) Odour and related study - Bromley sewage purification works. Letter to Chief Engineer Christchurch Drainage Board from Brown & Caldwell, Consulting Engineer. i, 90 [62]pp. Notes: Copy available at Christchurch Polytechnic, City Campus, General Collection - shelf locationTD745CHR and copies on shelf at Central Library OUTSIZE 628.3 BRO.

Baines, Trevor (1998) Christchurch wastewater discharge: issues and options. Technical Report No. 1. Woodward-Clyde (NZ) Ltd. for Christchurch City Council. 12 November 1998. Various paginations. Notes: Authorised document No. AC266639/0009/6000/R004D. Discussion of many issues related to wastewater treatment and disposal, and at the wide range of treatment and disposal options available. Technical Report No. 2 is an Easy Read version of this (23pp.). One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

An Ihutai Bibliography 8

Baird, A M (1992) An overview of botanical information and recommendations for the management of the freshwater reaches of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. Canterbury Conservancy Technical Report Series 5, Department of Conservation. Ecan Record No. LI1C/7509, 1/08/1992. 28 pp. [11] pp. of appendices. DBCN No. ABP-8363; ISBN 0478014228; ISSN No. 0113-3888. Notes:

Baker, A J (1966) Observations on the winter feeding of the South Island Pied Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus finschi). BSc(Hons) project in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Baker, A J (1969) Comparative biology of New Zealand oystercatchers. MSc thesis in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Baker, A J (1972) Systematics and affinities of New Zealand oystercatchers. PhD thesis in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 134 pp. Notes:

Baker, A J (1973) Distribution and numbers of New Zealand oystercatchers. In: Notornis, 20: p128-144. Notes:

Bal, Adriaan A. (1997) Sea caves, relict shore and rock platforms: evidence for the tectonic stability of Banks Peninsula, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 40, p299-305. Notes: Bal was from the Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury. Well developed but partially exposed shore platforms at 6-8 m above mean sea level (m.s.l.) on the southwestern flanks of Banks Peninsula have been considered previously as evidence for either general tectonic stability or differential subsidence of the peninsula. These platforms probably formed during an interglacial high sea-level stand, c. 120 000 yr ago or earlier. Banks Peninsula has been assumed to be differentially subsiding, since comparable platforms have not been identified on the northern flanks, and adjacent late Quaternary marine and fluvial sediments of the Canterbury Plains are unequivocally subsiding. However, an alignment of coastal erosional features at Cave Rock and Sumner Head, Christchurch (northwestern flank of Banks Peninsula), may represent a relict shore platform 5-6 m above m.s.l. These erosional features are interpreted to be correlatives of the platforms described on the southwestern flank, and therefore suggest Banks Peninsula is not differentially subsiding. By implication, wide (kilometre-scale) subsurface (c. -50 to -100 m below m.s.l.) rock platforms, recently mapped by others, are interpreted to be the product of early Pleistocene multiple glacio-eustatic sea-level falls and/or rises. The presence of this subsurface platform, and possible submarine correlative, suggests Banks Peninsula may have been tectonically stable for much of the mid-late Quaternary. Includes b&w photographs and diagrams of Sumner, Cave Rock and Sumner Head. Available online on the RSNZ site http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjgg/1997/27.pdf .

Ball, A. (1997) Seasonal changes and demography of Zostera novaezelandiae Setchell in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Barnet, A G (1994) Modelling tsunami waves along the New Zealand Coast. In: Proceedings of the Natural Hazards Management Workshop, Wellington 8-9 November 1994, Lower Hutt, Institute of Geological and Sciences, Information Series No 31, p5-8. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 9 Bathurst, E J, Downes, C J & Williamson, R (1979) Water quality of Christchurch aquifers. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0829. Notes:

Batty, Robert William [Hearing Commissioner] (2004) Report of Hearing Commissioner on combined hearing of applications for retrospective Resource Consents (Coastal Permit CRC 021696 and Land-use Consent RMA 20015122 respectively) to “build foreshore protection works to prevent erosion and damage to property and dwellings” on land at the rear of 149 Main Road, Redcliffs, Christchurch. 23 September 2004. 19 pp. Notes: Attempt to fill land and its enclosure by a concrete ‘foreshore protection’ wall extending into the Coastal Marine Area of the Avon Heathcote Estuary. Consents declined. Contains local residents’ and expert submissions and history of the area. Accessible at www.ecan.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/ 4342E5B2-3D9A-42A4-B75C- FDE75D1E1414/0/IAMackenziedecision.pdf

Beanland, W H (1950) Christchurch Yacht Club, 1891-1950. Christchurch Yacht Club, Christchurch. Notes: No further details, referenced from Harrison, Raymond J (1991) Ebb and Flow - QV.

Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner Ltd (1994) Draft Regional Plan for the Avon- Heathcote catchments: information review. Canterbury Regional Council File PL5C- 0040. Notes: Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner Ltd. (1995) Proposed regional plan for Avon and Heathcote catchments. Report prepared for Environment Canterbury by Beca Carter Hollings and Ferner Ltd; Ecan Report No. U95/66, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5534. 1/05/1995. 78 pp. Notes: Beca Steven (1996) Capacity of Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant and options for upgrading, 1996-2026. Prepared for Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 127pp. + 11pp. appendices. Notes: Makes recommendations about the entire sewerage system, including upgrades to the CWTP and oxidation ponds.

Beca Steven (1996) Christchurch wastewater treatment plant capacity study and concept design drawings, Christchurch wastewater treatment plant. Drawing Nos. 3808785/P005 and 7. Notes:

Beca Steven (1998) Christchurch wastewater treatment plant upgrading design statement, Revision No. 2. Prepared for Christchurch City Council. Notes: Beever, James (1991) A Dictionary of Maori Plant Names. Auckland Botanical Society. Auckland. November 1991. 75 pp. ISBN 095976626X. Notes: This the revised second edition. Plant names arranged alphabetically in Botanical-Maori and Maori-Botanical lists. References to former botanical names and some tribal variations are included. “Common names ... may be Maori or English and ... are listed after the botanical names [in the Botanical-Maori sequence] ... a second common name is sometimes given where the standard name may not be well known. Where no common name is available a brief description ... is given” - p4. Includes bibliographical references (p1-2). First edition was published in 1987 as Bulletin No. 16. Bell, Karen & Sage, E (1992) Help prevent stormwater pollution. A great ending. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R92/14; Canterbury Regional Council

An Ihutai Bibliography 10 Publication Series PL1C-5075. Notes:

Bell, Karen (1989) Trends of beach behaviour at the South Brighton Spit: implications for coastal management and planning. Research for MSc. Department of Geology, University of Canterbury. [17 pp.]. Notes: P9-10 includes a list of some 50 schools that are on or near either the Avon or Heathcote rivers. Bell was a Resource Management Planner with the Canterbury Regional Council. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, Shelf no. 993.837 BEL.

Bell, Karen (1991) Educational use and values of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and Rivers. Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch; Ecan Report No. U91/14, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5561, 1/01/1991. 16 pp. DBCN No. ABT-0888. Notes: With maps. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 993.837 BEL. Bell, R G (1998) Effluent concentrations to meet water quality criteria for preliminary Christchurch outfall options. Technical Report No. 10. NIWA Consultancy Report WCL80501/1 for the Christchurch City Council. February 1998. 15pp. Notes: Appendix A is the reference list. Looked at water quality criteria for both an ocean and estuary wastewater outfall. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Bell, Rob, Green, Malcolm, et al… (2000) What regulates sedimentation in estuaries? In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Volume 8, No. 4, p13-16. Notes: With Terry Hume & Richard Gorman. Rivers, sands, spits and the balance achieved. Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/.

Bennett, E W (1964) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Crustcaea: Brachyura. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Memoir No. 22. Notes: Bennington, S L (1979) Some aspects of the biology and distribution of Amphibola crenata (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) with special reference to possible effects of pollution from sewage outfalls. PhD thesis in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Bennington, S L (1984) A diversity study to investigate the extent of recovery after pollution in an estuarine environment. Zoology Honours Project, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Bennington, S L (1984) A study of benthic macrofauna-substrate relationships in an unpolluted and a polluted stream environment. BSc(Hons) thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Bergin, D O & Kimberley, M O (1999) Rehabilitation of coastal foredune in New Zealand using indigenous sand-binding species. Department of Conservation, Wellington. Science for Conservation 122. 52 pp. Notes: Pingao, Spinifex, Sand Tussock.

Best, H A (1970) A comparative feeding study of three wading birds at the Avon- Heathcote Estuary. Unpublished MSc project in Zoology, University of Canterbury,

An Ihutai Bibliography 11 Christchurch. Notes:

Bidwell, V (1999) Forecasting groundwater levels – a Canterbury case study. Lincoln Environmental. In: New Zealand Hydrological Society Conference, p23-25, November 1999. Notes:

Bidwell, V & Robb, C (1999) Forecasting groundwater levels. Lincoln Environmental, June 1999. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U99/42. Notes:

Biggs, B J F (1989) Biomonitoring of organic pollution using periphyton. South Branch Canterbury, New Zealand. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-5203. Notes:

Biggs, L R (1947) The formation, control, and utilisation of the coast and sand dunes between the Waimakariri river and the Sumner estuary. MA thesis in Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 64pp. Notes:

Blake, G J (1964) Coastal progradation in Pegasus Bay. Unpublished MSc thesis, Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 188 pp. Notes:

Boddy, G J (1992) Submissions to the Christchurch City Council on the Lower Heathcote barrage scheme. Unpublished book, Te Puna National Bibliographic Database. Notes:

Boffa Miskell & Partners (1985) Heathcote River: environmental impact assessment. Report for Christchurch Drainage Board; Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1975. 75pp. Notes: Ringbound, large landscape format. Where flood control works should be designed or avoided. Sensitive areas of the Heathcote River between the Woolston Cut and Lincoln Road. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, box 5, item 114. Copy also on shelf at Central Library 627.409931712 HEA. Boffa Miskell & Partners (1989) Heathcote river flood control scheme: environmental impact assessment: recreational technical report. Boffa Miskell, Christchurch. Notes: Prepared for BMP by Tourism Resource Consultants. Referenced from Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility.

Boffa Miskell & Partners (1989) Heathcote river catchment investigation: Scheme VB, environmental impact assessment: landscape technical report. Boffa Miskell, Christchurch. Notes:

Boffa Miskell & Partners (1990) Environmental impact assessment: Heathcote River flood scheme: Scheme VB. Report for Christchurch City Council; Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-6799. Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, 627.4 HEA.

An Ihutai Bibliography 12 Boffa Miskell & Partners (1991) Esplanade Reserve study. Unpublished report to Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council. Notes:

Boffa Miskell & Partners (1993) Lower Heathcote environmental enhancement proposals Oct. 1992. Boffa Miskell, Christchurch. Report for Christchurch City Council. Notes:

Boffa Miskell & Partners (1994) Project management and design overview: Lower Heathcote River. Boffa Miskell, Christchurch. Report No. 10, January 1994. Notes:

Bolton-Ritchie, L & Main, M (2004) Avon-Heathcote Estuary/Ihutai water nutrients: inputs, concentrations and potential effects. Ecan Report, 2004, U05/71. Ecan Record No. PU1C/6590. 79 pp. Notes:

Bolton-Ritchie, L (2005) Supporting Technical Officer’s Report: general review of AEE [Assessment of Environmental Effects]. Evidence before Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. 20pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1. References at p13-14. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788. Samples taken from Pleasant Point Jetty, , Pleasant Point Yacht Club, Mt. Pleasant Yacht Club, Beachville Jetty, South Spit, Penguin Street, Humphries Drive, Beachville Road, Shag Rock and Sandy Point.

Bond, Jenny, Newey, Dave & Drysdale, Alex (2003) Avon-Heathcote Estuary/Ihutai – the application of integrated environmental management to recover biodiversity. Presented to the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture Conference 2003. 16 Powerpoint slides. Notes: Conference theme of “Greening the City: Bringing Biodiversity Back into the Urban Environment”. Presentation delivered by representatives of the Christchurch City Council, ECan & Avon Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust. Zoning, Natural Environment Edges, Restoration – Charlesworth Wetlands, Water Quality, Birds, fish, mahinga kai, estuary management. Accessible at http://www.rnzih.org.nz/pages/JennyBond_files/frame.htm.

Bostwick, G (1985) Rivers or drains?: management of urban rivers with reference to the Heathcote. Study submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the DipLA, Lincoln College, Lincoln. Dissertation (DipLA), University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 157 pp. Notes: Stream conservation. Referenced from Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility. Bourke, M P (2004) Future Water Quality Outcomes from the City Wastewater Treatment Plant. Technical Report No. 7. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. City Water & Waste, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. August 2004. 17pp. Notes: Concludes that the quality of water to discharge from the final stage of treatment in the oxidation ponds is to be very similar to recent years in all aspects with the exception of the bacteriological water quality as measured with by indicator organisms = 10 times better than previous years. It will clearly meet proposed consent conditions for the ocean outfall of 1,000 faecal coliforms per 100ml. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay.Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

An Ihutai Bibliography 13 Bourke, M P (2006) Statement of evidence to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 13pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Bowden, M J & Ayrey, R B (1981) Refuse tips and underground water quality – Background to problems associated with disposal in groundwater, water classification system – Comment on proposed changes. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0028. Notes:

Bowden, M J & Ayrey, R B (1982) Central Canterbury underground water between the Waimakariri and Rakaia Rivers: its source, availability and quality. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0291. Notes:

Bowden, M J & Glennie, J M (1985) Integrated water resource management on the Canterbury Plains. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1316. Notes:

Bowden, M J ...[et al.] (1986) The Christchurch artesian aquifers. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-2122. Notes: Bradley, J (1992) Sustainable management of wastes: liquid waste. In: Sustainable management and the Resource Management Act. Proceedings of a seminar held 20 February 1992 at the School of Engineering, University of Canterbury / Centre for Advanced Engineering. ISBN 0959800271. Notes:

Bradstock, Mike (1989) Between the Tides: New Zealand Shore and Estuary Life. Revised edn. David Bateman, Auckland. 158 pp. ISBN 1869530055; DBCN No. AAT- 3709. Notes: With 16 leaves of colour plates. A very useful and easily understood work. Bibliography p145-150. A revised edition of the 1985 Reed Methuen edition.

Brailsford, Barry (1981) The Tattooed Land: The Southern Frontiers of the Pa Maori. Reed. x, 262 pp. and [16] pp. plates. ISBN 0589013157. Notes: 16 pages of plates and a bibliography at p241-248. Spans 2,000 years of settlement of the South Island of New Zealand, based on detailed archaeological surveys of pa, gardens, villages and trails, lore and historical documents.

Bressington, Melanie (2003) The effects of macroalgae mats on the marine benthic fauna in the Avon Heathcote Estuary. MSc thesis in Environmental Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury. xiii, 138 leaves. Notes: With maps. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-138).Available at University of Canterbury Central Library, QK 577.5.B843 2003, Shelved on level 2. Bib#: 839644.

Brien, T D (1992) Flooding aftermath of the storm: inhouse appraisal of the storm of 28 August 1992, Christchurch. Water Services Unit, Christchurch City Council. File F75/31. Notes: Briggs, L & Keller, J (1991) The Estuary and its environment: issues and opportunities. Planning Policy Unit, Christchurch City Council. Technical Report No. 9214. 36pp.

An Ihutai Bibliography 14 Notes: A School Resource Kit. Available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 333.9164 CHR. Brittenden, W J A (1979) Christchurch riverside walk. City Walks Committee, Christchurch. Notes:

Brittenden, W J A (1983) Christchurch scenic walk: riverside. City Walks Committee, Christchurch. 1 folded sheet, [16] pp. [1 map]. Notes:

Brooks, T (1998) Aquifer test guidelines. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R98/10. ISBN 186937343X. Notes:

Brown, A F (1976) Beach and nearshore dynamics, Pegasus Bay. Unpublished MA thesis, in Geography, University of Canterbury. 143pp. Notes:

Brown Copeland & Co. (1991) The benefits of reduced flooding in the Heathcote River: preliminary estimates. Brown Copeland & Co., Christchurch. DBCN No. ADA-2210. Notes:

Brown Copeland & Co. (1995) Assessment of damages associated with flooding of the Avon River. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-6623. Notes:

Brown Copeland & Co. (1995) Assessment of damages associated with flooding of the Avon River. Supplementary report. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-6614. Notes: This may be the same record as the document of the same title dated 1996 – below.

Brown Copeland & Co. (1996) Assessment of damages associated with flooding of the Avon River. Supplementary Report. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U96/46. Notes: Also recorded as ‘Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U96/58’.

Brown Copeland & Co. (1997) Heathcote River floodplain flood damage and mitigation measures: economic assessment. Water Services Unit, Christchurch City Council; DBCN No. ACZ-2965. Notes:

Brown, K W & Caldwell, D H (1973) Odour and related studies. Bromley sewage purification works. Report to the Christchurch Drainage Board. Brown and Caldwell, Consulting Engineers, San Francisco. April 1973. 90 pp. plus appendices. Notes: Folding maps. Appendices cover quality of water supplies and a narrative of ‘Odours in Sewage in consideration of the Christchurch Case’ by D. J. Jenkins, University of California, Berkeley. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/107 and copy also available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, Shelf No. OUTSIZE 628.3 BRO.

Brown, L J & Wilson, D D (1988) Stratigraphy of the late quaternary deposits of the northern Canterbury Plains, New Zealand. In: New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 31, p305-355. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 15 Brown, L J & Weeber, J H (1992) Geology of the Christchurch urban area: Map - 1: 25,000. New Zealand Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Series, Map 23, Map (1 sheet) and text, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd., Lower Hutt, Wellington. 104 pp. Notes:

Brown, L J & Weeber, J H (1994) Hydrogeological implications of geology at the boundary of Banks Peninsula volcanic rock aquifers and Canterbury Plains fluvial gravel aquifers. In: New Zealand Journal of Geology & Geophysics, Vol. 37, p181- 193. Notes:

Brown, L J et al… (1995) Geology of Christchurch, New Zealand. In: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, Vol. 1, No. 4, p427-488. Notes: Beetham, R D, Paterson, B R & Weeber, J H.

Brown, L J & Deely, J (1992) Holocene coastal environments adjacent to Banks Peninsula. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Diversity in Quaternary Coastal Evolution, Quaternary International, Wellington, December 1992, in press. Notes:

Bruce, A (1953) Report on a biological and chemical investigation of the waters in the estuary of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. Unpublished report to Christchurch Drainage Board. 17/02/1953. 41, [13] leaves. Ecan Record No. LI1C/0254. Notes: Presented to CDB by Chief Engineer E. F. Scott (QV). Bibliography at p40. Copy on shelf at Central Library, No. 628.168 BRU. Bruce, A (1958) Report on a biological and chemical investigation of the waters in the estuary of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. Pollution Advisory Council, Marine Dept., Wellington. 45, [13] leaves. Notes: Unsure of relationship with the earlier (1953) title of the same name. This may be a later reprint. Bucknill, C E R [1924] Sea Shells of New Zealand. Whitcombe & Tombs, Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. 123 pp., xi plates. Notes: Original drawings by AWB Powell. A still-relevant primer. Bull, P C, Gaze, P D &. Robertson, C J R (1978) Bird Distribution in New Zealand: a provisional atlas, 1969-1976. The Atlas Committee, for a joint project by Ecology division, D.S.I.R., New Zealand Wildlife Service and the Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington. 254 pp. Notes: Bull, P C, Gaze, P D &. Robertson, C J R (1985) The Atlas of Bird Distribution in New Zealand. The Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington. 296 pp. ISBN 0473002825. Notes: A joint project by Ecology Division, D.S.I.R., New Zealand Wildlife Service, The Ornithological Society of New Zealand Inc. Sixteen fiche in back pocket, 7 of map-square summary list and 9 of card numbers, square numbers and dates of each species. Includes index. Bibliography p269-274. Information on bird distribution collected between September 1969 and December 1979 – of ornithological relevance to the Estuary. Burden, R J (1980) Nitrate contamination of New Zealand groundwater. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0207. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 16 Burden, R J (1982) Nitrate contamination of New Zealand aquifers: A review. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0764. Notes:

Burgess, J S (1968) Beach morphology in southern Pegasus Bay. Unpublished MSc thesis in geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 98pp. Notes:

Burns ...[et al.] (1982) Wetlands – a diminishing resource; A series of articles by several authors. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0438. Notes:

Burrows, C J & Knox, G A (1972) Reservation of some areas round the Avon- Heathcote Estuary. Botany Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 5pp. Notes:

Burrows, C J, Beets, P V & Eckroyd, C E (1971) Macrophytic vegetation around the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and a vegetation map 1971. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Botany, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Six areas proposed for attention. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH479, Christchurch City Council, item DR/1/1, box 65, Estuary Development – August 1962  1973. QV Christchurch City Council (1972) The Estuary.

Burrows, Marlene (1991) Estuary World: Poems. P. Pub., Christchurch. [14pp]. Notes: Copy available at the Alexander Turnbull Library, New Zealand Pacific Collection, reference P Box 821 BUR 1991.

Butters, B J & Alexander, D J (1980) Planning report: Brooklands Lagoon: draft report. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0871. Notes:

Buxton, R (1997) New Zealand wetlands: A management guide. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7461. Notes:

Caesar, K G (1993) Habitat disturbance and its effects on bird behaviour on the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Unpublished MSc thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Callander, Peter Francis (1997) Evidence for presentation to a Commissioner appointed by Canterbury Regional Council and Christchurch City Council in the matter of the Resource Management Act 1991. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 16pp. Notes: The matter of applications for resource consent for the relocation of the Kibblewhite Reserve stopbank. Callendar's evidence describes the groundwater resource in the vicinity of the Kibblewhite St stopbank and the change in groundwater that may result from the proposed relocation of the stopbank. QV Vodder, C. , Hicks, D M, Eastman, R E, Dickson, Paul.

Cameron, J (1968) Report on a biological survey of the lower reaches of the Heathcote River. 1967-68. Unpublished report for the Christchurch Drainage Board. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0262. 40 (xii)pp. Notes: QV Marshall, J (1990). With 3 folding maps – 1. Sampling stations; 2. Distribution of micro-organisms; 3. Distribution of microfauna. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, items 19-58, box 2.

An Ihutai Bibliography 17 Cameron, J (1969) An investigation of the distribution of the fauna in the Humphreys Drive region, Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Unpublished report, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Cameron, J (1970) Biological aspects of pollution in the Heathcote River, Christchurch, New Zealand. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 4, No. 4, p431-444. Notes:

Cameron, K C (1983) Nitrate leaching: some fundamentals. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1021. Notes:

Cameron, S G (1993) A hydrogeological study of the interaction between Avon River base-flow and shallow groundwater, Christchurch, New Zealand. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of MSc in Engineering Geology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. viii, 191 pp. (11 folded). Notes: Includes bibliographical references p141-145. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 553.79099383 CAM.

Campbell, J R (1974) Processes of littoral and near shore sedimentation in Pegasus Bay. Unpublished M.A. thesis in Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 97 pp. Notes:

Cane, R P (1996) A taxonomic survey and ecological study of the benthic microalgae in the sediments of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc, Department of Plant and Microbial Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Ecan Record No. LI1C/7162. 1/06/1996. 215 pp. Notes:

Canterbury Environment Centre (1981) Water pollution issues. In: Canterbury Environment Journal, Environment Centre, Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0921. Notes:

Canterbury Progress League (1920) The port question: report of the Port- Communications Committee of the Canterbury Progress League. Canterbury Progress League, Christchurch. 23 pp. Notes: Call Number P Box q387.1 CAN 1920, Alexander Turnbull Library and the Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. The Heathcote/Christchurch port question gets another airing with the sites canvassed being Buckley’s Corner, Linwood and Heathcote Bridge – price 718,620 Pounds. QV Allison, Charles; Coode, Son & Mathews; Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; Williams, Cyrus J. Canterbury Public Relations Office (1948) The sod hut: a brief history, 1862-ca. Canterbury Public Relations Office, Christchurch. Photocopied typescript (2 leaves) Notes: Material prepared by Mr. Parish and Mr. Reynolds. Captain James Penfold came to New Zealand from Australia on his ship the Excelsior in 1861. In 1862 he built the sod hut for himself and his family, on the banks of the Heathcote River in Mt. Pleasant, near the Ferrymead bridge. In 1944 the sod hut was taken over by the Christchurch City Council. This entry, a folder held at the Canterbury Public Library. Canterbury Regional Council (1991) Avon and Heathcote rivers and estuary catchment and floodplain management plan: investigation programme.

An Ihutai Bibliography 18 Christchurch City Council & Dept. of Conservation. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report No. R91/16, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5045. 1/07/1991. 15 pp. ISBN 1869371402; DBCN No. ABL-8141. Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.9164 AVO.

Canterbury Regional Council (1991) Canterbury Regional Planning Scheme: Section 3.1: Land and Water (North Canterbury). Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1991) Canterbury Regional Council transitional Regional Plan. Canterbury Regional Council. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1991) Managing the Avon and Heathcote rivers and estuary : an invitation to comment on initial investigations. Canterbury Regional Council. Notes: Canterbury Regional Council (1991) Water right guidelines for Canterbury Regional Council: irrigation water demand. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U91/6. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1992) Christchurch-West Melton groundwater management plan: Issues and options discussion paper on groundwater allocation. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R92/40. Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C –5103. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1992) Christchurch-West Melton groundwater management plan: submissions on groundwater allocation issues and options October 1992. Canterbury Regional Council File PL5C-0081-01. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1992) Managing Canterbury’s coast: a discussion of issues and options. Canterbury Regional Council, August 1992. Notes: Canterbury Regional Council (1992) Shining waters [videorecording]. Canterbury Regional Council. Notes: 1 cassette (VHS) (ca. 8 min.) Issues in an urban catchment. Call number HT395 .N45 Shi, Lincoln University.

Canterbury Regional Council (1992) West Melton aquifer trial. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R92(38). Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council & Christchurch City Council (1992) Avon and Heathcote catchment, rivers and estuary: issues and options for managing these resources. Public discussion paper; Christchurch City Council & Dept. of Conservation; Canterbury Regional Council Report R92/32; Ecan Record No. PU1C/5093. 1/10/1992. 82 pp. ISBN 1869371860. Notes: Tangata Whenua issues including Mahinga kai p16-19. “The Christchurch City Council, Canterbury Regional Council and Department of Conservation agreed on a co-ordinated investigation and plan preparation programme for the

An Ihutai Bibliography 19 Avon and Heathcote Rivers and Estuary” - p5. Submission period - October to 18 December 1992. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.9164 AVO.

Canterbury Regional Council & Christchurch City Council (1993) Avon and Heathcote catchment, rivers and estuary: issues and options for managing the Heathcote River floodplain. Environment Canterbury & Christchurch City Council; Ecan Report No. R93/1, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5108, 43 pp. 1/05/1993. DBCN No. ABT-6601; ISBN 1869371992. Notes: “The Christchurch City Council, Canterbury Regional Council and Department of Conservation agreed on a coordinated investigation and plan preparation programme for the Avon and Heathcote Rivers and Estuary”. Available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 627.40993836 AVO, also available at City Campus General Collection of Christchurch Polytechnic. Canterbury Regional Council (1993) Avon and Heathcote catchment, rivers and estuary: issues and options: public submissions received Oct. 1993. Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch. Notes: Canterbury Regional Council (1993) Groundwater contamination by organic chemicals in Canterbury: a review of five year sampling (April 1988 to March 1993). Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R93/20; Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C-5132. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1993) Groundwater quality in Canterbury, results of the summer 1992/1993 survey. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R93/32; Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C-5144. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1993) Nga Wai O Ngai Tahu – The Waters of Ngai Tahu. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report No. R93(13). Notes: Canterbury Regional Council (1993) The Christchurch-West Melton groundwater management plan: proposed plan: draft – supporting document and policy option analysis, June 1993. Canterbury Regional Council File PL5C-0081/V1. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1994) A preliminary investigation of stormwater quality in the Avon-Heathcote catchment. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R94/24; Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C-5177. Notes: Canterbury Regional Council (1994) Chemical and microbiological groundwater quality in Canterbury: 1993-1994 Survey. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R94/14; Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C-5164. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council & Christchurch City Council (1994) Christchurch engineering lifelines project. Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch. 21 pp. Notes: Canterbury Regional Council (1994) Groundwater contamination by hydrocarbons in Canterbury: Results of the 1993/94 survey. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R94/10; Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C-5160. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 20

Canterbury Regional Council (1994) Proposed regional coastal environmental plan. Canterbury Regional Council. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1994) Notified regional coastal environment plan. Report 94(17), Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch. 116 pp. Notes: Canterbury Regional Council (1994) Reductions in water flows as a result of land use changes. Natural Resources Regional Plan Soils and Land Use Policy Briefing paper. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1995) Artificial recharge of groundwater in the Christchurch-West Melton area: some research suggestions. February 1995. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U95/64. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1995) But can I drink the water from my well? A guide to groundwater quality testing. Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C-5317. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1995) Groundwater contamination by hydrocarbons in Canterbury: results of the summer 1994/95 survey. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R95/3 and Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C-5253. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1995) Regional environment report 1993-94. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R95/5. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1996) Regional Environment Report 1994-95. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R96/5. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1996) The potential for artificial recharge of the shallow aquifers in the Christchurch-West Melton area: principles, dynamics and constraints. Literature review. Technical Report. Environmental Management Group, Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R96/8. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1997) Dispsolv: A programme to model “worst case” point-source contamination in groundwater. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U97/32 and Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C- 5493. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council & Christchurch City Council (1997) Avon River: issues and options for managing the Avon River floodplain. Canterbury Regional Council, Published Report No. R97/1. 41 pp. DBCN No. ACO-9069; ISBN 1869373073. Notes: “Third in a series of documents jointly prepared by the Christchurch City Council and the Canterbury Regional Council” - p6. ”The issues and options …relate to the Avon River catchment….It includes the Avon River from its

An Ihutai Bibliography 21 headwaters to the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, tributaries, wetlands and floodplain” - p4. Available at Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 627.4 AVO.

Canterbury Regional Council (1997) Educational use and values of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and Rivers. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report No. U91/14. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1997) Information for motorised craft: Estuary, rivers and foreshore, harbour bylaws 1996. Canterbury Regional Council Ephemera E97/29. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1997) Regional Environment Report 1995-96. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R97/5. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1998) Natural Resources regional plan soils and land use issues and options. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R95(4). Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1998) Regional Policy Statement. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R98/4. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1998) Strategic Plan. Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council & Christchurch City Council (1998) Heathcote River floodplain management strategy: draft. Canterbury Regional Council, Report No. 97/13. 94 [4] pp. plates. DBCN No. ACT-8551; ISBN 1869373332. Notes: 2 folding maps. Includes bibliographical references (p93-94).

Canterbury Regional Council & Christchurch City Council (1998) Heathcote River floodplain management strategy. Canterbury Regional Council and Christchurch City Council; Canterbury Regional Council, Report No. 98/23; DBCN No. ACY-4739. 100 pp., [4] pp. of plates [maps-2 folded]. ISBN 186937357X. Notes: The Heathcote River is susceptible to flooding. Over time the modification and development of the Heathcote River catchment and floodplain has resulted in the exposure of significant assets to the natural occurrence of flooding and has altered the pattern of flood events. Future development and modification of the floodplain and catchment will expose further assets to the effects of flooding and continue to impact on the natural flood process. A major flood could cause significant damage. Includes bibliographical references (p99-100). Available at Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 627.4 HEA.

Canterbury Regional Council & Christchurch City Council (1998) Managing the Heathcote River floodplain. Canterbury Regional Council; Christchurch City Council. DBCN No. ACT-8585. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1999) Looking ahead 1999-2008: Annual Plan 1999/2000; Long term financial strategy 1999-2008; Treasury policy; Funding policy – Summary; Resource management charges. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R99(13). ISBN 1869373715. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 22 Canterbury Regional Council (1999) Notes of the open forum of the artificial recharge workshop held on Tuesday 25 May 1999. Canterbury Regional Council File IN6C-0036. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1999) Officers report for Christchurch City Council water permit applications: Canterbury Regional Council 991315 to 991341. See Canterbury Regional Council File CO6C-03066 for water permit application Canterbury Regional Council 991315. Notes:

Canterbury Regional Council (1999) Possible non-statutory management plan for the Estuary. Report prepared by Phil McGuigan for the CRC. Notes: Advantages perceived with a non-statutory approach include: encompass the diversity of interest, allows ‘participatory decision making’, process oriented, retention of flexibility, possible involvement of statutory instruments and establishment of management structures.

Canterbury Regional Council (1999) Water – our future. An issues and options consultation document prepared as part of the Natural Resources Regional Plan for Canterbury, Part C, water. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R99/14. August 1999. 220pp. ISBN 1869373723. Notes: With folding tables. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.910099328 WAT. Canterbury Regional Council (1999) Water – our future. A guide to the Canterbury Regional Council’s issues and options report for managing Canterbury’s water resources. Canterbury Regional Council Ephemera E99/4. Notes: Canterbury Regional Council (1999) Fresh waters of Canterbury: Nga wai o Waitaha. Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch. Report 99(9). 24 [1]pp. ISBN 1869373677. Notes: Fresh water resources; values and uses; fundamental issues; investigations, planning, monitoring; water resource development; work to be done. Copy available at Christchurch Polytechnic, City Campus, General Collection – shelf location TC522.6.C2FRE or free from ECan offices, Kilmore Street, Christchurch. QV Canterbury Regional Council (2001) Caring for streams… Canterbury Regional Council (2001) Caring for streams of the Canterbury Plains: a guide to riparian management. Canterbury Regional Council / Environment Canterbury. 13 pp. ISBN 1869373944. Notes: Copy available at Christchurch Polytechnic, City Campus, General Collection – shelf location QH541.15.R45CAR or free from Ecan, Customer Services, Kilmore Street. QV Canterbury Regional Council (1999) Fresh waters of Canterbury : Nga a wai o Waitaha. Canterbury Regional Council (2001) Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant. Application for Resource Consent. Officers’ Reports. Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch. August 2001. Notes: Contributors are L. Fetje, T. Mallett, K. Bunting, S. Higgs, and H. Tai. Available in records of ECan. Canterbury Regional Council (2002) Bromley resource consent hearings: Christchurch City Council waste water discharge application: Submissions received and evidence presented. Canterbury Regional Council Consent File CO6C/17888. Notes: Consent Files may be viewed at Customer Services, Environment Canterbury. Canterbury Regional Council (2002) In the matter of the Resource Management Act 1991 and in the matter of a resource consent application made by the Christchurch City Council: interim decision of commissioners on CRC 012011 - an application to

An Ihutai Bibliography 23 discharge up to 500,000 cubic metres a day of treated wastewater ... into the Avon/Heathcote estuary: final decision of commissioners on (a) CRC 012012 - an application to discharge pond seepage and stormwater ... into the Avon/Heathcote estuary ... . 2002]. 236 pp. Notes: A. Interim decision of commissioners on CRC 012011. B. Decision of commissioners on (a) CRC 012012 ; (b) CRC 012013 ; (c) CRC 012014 ; (d) CRC 012015 ; (e) CRC 012016. Decisions on the resource consent applications made by the Christchurch City Council to discharge into the Avon Heathcote estuaries. Available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 IN. Canterbury Regional Council (2003) Ecosystem health of Canterbury rivers: Development and implementation of biotic and habitat assessment methods, 1999/2000. Canterbury Regional Council, Report R03/03. Notes: This report describes the development and first year's implementation of a monitoring programme designed to monitor the health of aquatic ecosystems of wadable rivers and streams throughout the Canterbury region. The programme had the over-all objective of assessing the current state of health or integrity of rivers by assessing both the biotic and physical conditions of a representative range of river and stream reaches. Methods adopted loosely followed that of the US EPA rapid bioassessment protocols (RBPs) to generate indices of biotic integrity (IBI). As the first report of a major new monitoring programme it discusses at length a range of monitoring concepts and requirements for the programme, detailed methods, and additional analysis to validate the methods.

Canterbury University (1988) Christchurch Coastline: planning and management. Geography Jubilee, 1937-1987, Dept. of Geology & Geography. Unpaginated [10 pp.]. Notes: Covers the erosion of Pegasus Bay, at Southshore, Sumner and the Spit. Canterbury Yachting Association (2005) Yachting in Canterbury : club details and contacts. Canterbury Yachting Association, Christchurch. 1 folded sheet ([5] pp.) Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Reference pamphlet, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 797.12406 YAC Carlton, M W (1971) Developmental biology of Ephydrella novaezealandiae (Tonnoir and Malloch) (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand. Zoology Honours project, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Larvae of these flies coexist in the wrack (shore detritus, mainly sea lettuce – ulva), on the surface and along the littoral margin of the Avon Heathcote Estuary. They provide two of the major breakdown organisms that actively feed on the surface film of sea lettuce and break it in to pieces. Carpenter, A (1974) The distribution of the two common crab species, Macrophthalamus hirtipes (Jaquinot) and Helice crassa Dana (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Carroll, K D & Robb, J A (1986) A botanical survey of rivers in the metropolitan Christchurch area and outlying districts: the Avon, Heathcote and Styx Rivers and their tributaries. A report prepared for the Christchurch Drainage Board. vi, 91 pp. Notes: With maps and figures. Algae, macrophytes, bryophytes, dicotyledons, monocotyledons, angiosperms. Various species (eg dock and willow-weed0 present in most streams, water distributed. All vegetation on stream banks not totally recorded. Water quality defined as good to excellent with the exceptions of St. Albans Creek and the Hendersons Road Drain. Copy on shelf at Central Library 581.993171 CAR. Carter, N (1933) Algal flora of two salt marshes. In: Journal of Ecology, 21, p128-? Notes: Carter, L & Herzer, R H (1979) The hydraulic regime and its potential to transport sediments on the Canterbury Continental Shelf. New Zealand Oceanographic Memoir 83. 33 pp. Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, Shelf No. 551.47579 CAR.

An Ihutai Bibliography 24 Carter, L & Herzer, R H (1986) Pegasus sediments. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute chart. Coastal series. 1: 200,000. Notes: Second edition. Carver, D M (1984) McCormacks Bay. Summary of hydraulic and thermal models. JHS 3056/2. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 14 December 1984. 28pp Notes: Exiting geography of McCormacks Bay; Waterlevel recordings; Error-checking of waterlevel data; Analysis of discharges; Numerical integration using computed discharges; Possible new culvert; Existing culvert; Numerical integration using CULV and EXCULV; Thermal model. With 2 tables and 15 graphs appended – bed area of McCormacks Bay, area and volume from Christchurch City Council survey, water levels, tide cycles, computed discharge, 5 metres wide x 20 metres long culvert - waterlevel difference through Causeway, Bay temperatures. In manuscript format, copy held by Heather Holder-Lunn, Christchurch City Council. Cashin, J A (1958) [Letter to Sir Clause Ingles, Hydraulic Research Station, Wallingford, England ]. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch and Lyttelton. 23 December 1958. 2 pp. Notes: Discussion regarding A) A barrage at the sea outfall; B) Dredging the Estuary channels and some reclamation. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1674 310/005 311, Box 949. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary – Drainage Board Proposed Dredging. QV Hydraulic Research Station.

Cawthron Institute (2002) Estuarine environmental assessment and monitoring: a National Protocol Part B: Development of the Monitoring Protocol for New Zealand Estuaries: Appendices to the introduction, rationale and methodology. Cawthron Institute Report, Nelson. Notes: Centre for Advanced Engineering (1997) Risks and realities; a multi-disciplinary approach to the vulnerability of lifelines to natural hazards. Centre for Advanced Engineering, University of Canterbury. ISBN 0908993129. Notes:

Challis, Aidan J (1992) A Review of the Archaeological Site Records for the Canterbury Region. Department of Conservation, Wellington. Science & Research Series No. 45. April 1992. 20 pp. Notes: Middens, rock shelters, pa sites and pits.

Charteris, S & Ettema, M (1999) Woolston-Heathcote groundwater: a report on geophysical results, groundwater levels vs groundwater usage, groundwater chemistry and background trends in groundwater levels. Report to the Groundwater Users Group. Canterbury Regional Council, Report No. U99/76. Notes: Charteris, S (1999) Geophysical investigations into the presence of saltwater in sediments and the definition of bedrock topography; Woolston, Heathcote Valley and Brighton Spit, Christchurch, New Zealand. MSc(Hons) thesis, Environmental Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U99/40; Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C- 5750. Notes:

Chilton, Chas. (1881) On some subterranean crustacea. In: Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, Vol. 24, p258-269. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 25 Chilton, Chas. (1882) Notes on, and a new species of subterranean crustacea. In: Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, Vol. 25, p87-92. Notes:

Chilton, Chas. (1924) The Christchurch Artesian and the City Water Supply. The Co. Ltd., Printers, Christchurch. Notes: Referenced from Hercus, A I (1948) A City Built Upon a Swamp.

Christchurch Canal Commission (1912) Report of Commissioners (Corrected). Christchurch, Christchurch Canal Commission. January 1912. 46 pp. Notes: Printed at Willis & Aiken, Christchurch. Commission consisting of E. Mitchelson, W. Ferguson and J. E. Watson. Reported by Ettie Rout. Large folding map to rear, showing tidal basins referred to. QV Allision, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua ; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3.

Christchurch City Council (c1927) Public activities in Christchurch : official record of the work of the City Council, North Canterbury Hospital Board, Lyttelton Harbour Board, Drainage Board, Tramway Board, Domains Board, and Fire Board, 1925-1927. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch[?]. 135pp. Notes: Copy available, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Central Library, Shelf No. 352.093171 PUB.

Christchurch City Council (1964) Minutes of first general meeting to consider Estuary development. Christchurch City Council Chambers. 28 September 1964. 8pp. Notes: Skellerup, P J R to the Chair and organisations represented included: Resident & Ratepayers associations; Chamber of Commerce; Navy League; Canterbury Progress League; Power Boat Club; Forest & Bird; Christchurch Drainage Board. QV Skellerup, P J R (1964). With associated correspondence in the referenced file - referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH479,Christchurch City Council, item DR/1/1, box 65, Estuary Development – August 1962  1973. QV Skellerup, P J R (1964) and Christchurch City Council (1972) The Estuary.

Christchurch City Council (1972) The Estuary. A report containing proposals for dredging the Estuary. Prepared by the City Engineers Department, May 1972. Notes: A major part of the Estuary is proposed to be dredged with the spoil intended for reclaiming McCormacks Bay. Includes appended figures of channels - comparisons between 1920 and 1962. Pages 11-13 are the Botanical Department Report by CJ Burrows and G A Knox. A4 format. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys & Investigations: Box 175, item 16/2, Part 3, 1969-1977.

Christchurch City Council (1972) The Estuary Report. Prepared by City Engineer’s Department, Christchurch City Council. 2nd edition.14 pp. Notes: With maps. Copy available at the Alexander Turnbull Library, New Zealand Pacific Collection.

Christchurch City Council (1973) Unpublished report on the results of an investigation of the Coliform bacteria of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Notes:

Christchurch City Council (1975) City of Christchurch district scheme review : Sumner social survey. Town Planning Division, Christchurch. 20 [8] leaves. Notes: Copy available at the Central Library, ANZ Centre, Shelf No. 309.19317117 CHR.

Christchurch City Council (1976) Outline policy statement in the anticipation of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary Maritime Plan. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1389. Public participation Document No. 10. Notes: Record ‘Christchurch-West Melton Water Resources’ listing.

Christchurch City Council (1981) Preliminary report: power boating, Avon- Heathcote estuary. Parks and Recreation Department, Christchurch. 62 leaves. Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 711.558 CHR

An Ihutai Bibliography 26

Christchurch City Council (1986) The City Plan - The Christchurch City District Planning Scheme, 2nd Review. Operative July 1986. 210 pp. Notes:

Christchurch City Council (1987) The Avon-Heathcote estuary management plan: Christchurch City Recreation Five Zone. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. DBCN No. AAH-4531. 22 leaves. Notes: Recreation, public facilities, structures, ecosystem. References: leaf 12. With maps and plans. Available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre Christchurch Central Library 333. 9164 CHR. note a Christchurch City Council issues paper/inter-department memo, 3pp., of April 1989 Avon Heathcote Estuary revision of Town Planning provisions, map attached. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Department of Conservation, Christchurch. CH603, Item N1/411/2, Box 1 – Avon Heathcote Estuary, 1987  1989. QV Johnson, R (1981).

Christchurch City Council (1988) Heavy Metals in the Rivers and Estuaries of Metropolitan Christchurch and Outlying Areas. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes:

Christchurch City Council (1989) Distribution of flora and benthic invertebrates (Heathcote River), 1988-89. Christchurch City Council, Internal publication. Notes: See later similarly titled Christchurch City Council report of 1990-1991 below. This referenced from Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility.

Christchurch City Council (1989) McCormacks Bay: draft reserve management plan May 1989. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 21 pp. Notes: A Draft. Maps and plans (some folded). History, climate, topography and soils, ecosystem, recreational and commercial use, objectives and policies. Copy available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. Z 719.3099317116CHR. QV Christchurch City Council (1990).

Christchurch City Council (1990) Christchurch City water supply: how we get our water. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes:

Christchurch City Council (1990) Distribution of flora and benthic invertebrates (Heathcote River), 1990-91. Internal publication. Notes: See earlier similarly titled Christchurch City Council report of 1989 above. This referenced from Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility. Christchurch City Council (1990) Heathcote River: flood mitigation proposals scheme VB Vol. 1. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-6795. Notes:

Christchurch City Council (1990) McCormacks Bay: reserve management plan April 1990. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 21 leaves, [2] folded leaves of plates. Notes: Maps, photographs and plans (some folded). History, climate, topography and soils, ecosystem, recreational and commercial use, objectives and policies. As with Christchurch City Council (1989)…, appended Plan 1 is the [then] existing layout and management concept: Zone A Commercial Reserve – maintain/enhance commercial buildings, develop traditional park landscape setting including playground. Zone B Estuarine Wetlands – Retain exiting tidal flow to whole area, build on ecological value culvert, rock … and algae free mudflats with shoreline planting on western boundary, vegetation on Causeway bank and wildlife islands. Zone C Aquatic Recreation Lake – dredge to remove top slit layer, create 1 metre deep boating lake, build 3 tidal control gates and manage flushing to retain daytime high tide levels, utilise low tide for ‘quick flush’ to prevent weed accumulation, permit approved recreational/educational related commercial enterprise. Appended Plan 2 Landscape Concept plan: Main features include – formation of continuous walkway and bridges to link fragmented areas, more natural treatment of water edge with beaches, wetlands and gentle batters. Dredging of channels at various locations, formation of a large central island and increase height of existing rock reef to encourage birdlife, further structural plantings (including an avenue along Causeway), formation of sand beach near junction of Causeway and Beachville Road. Estuarine ecology (p9-12) covers the flora and fauna including amphibola crenata, ulva, littoria, the

An Ihutai Bibliography 27 gastropods, polychaetes, molluscs, etc. Map of the biological survey sites (1 to 12) opposite p10. Scale 1 : 1,000, November 1988. Architects Division, Christchurch City Council. Drawn by G. L. B. (?). Copy available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. Z 719.3099317116CHR.

Christchurch City Council (1991) Estuarine and Coastal Ecology Bexley Reserve: draft management plan. Report by Zoology Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. October 1991. Notes: QV Christchurch City Council (1992) Bexley Reserve Management Plan.

Christchurch City Council (1991) Lower Heathcote River: temporary weirs. Supplementary report prepared for Drainage and Waste Manager, Christchurch City Council, by Boffa Miskell & Partners. Notes: Referenced from Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility.

Christchurch City Council (1991) Lower Heathcote - tidal control structure feasibility: technical report 1: ecological studies. Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team, Christchurch City Council. 29 July 1991. 72 pp. Notes: There is a pre-feasibility report of 1990 noted but no further details. QVHeathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team… Christchurch City Council (1991) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure feasibility: technical report 2: social studies. Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team, Christchurch City Council. Notes: There is a pre-feasibility report of 1990 noted but no further details. Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team… Christchurch City Council (1991) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure feasibility: technical report 3: engineering studies. Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team, Christchurch City Council. July 1991. 64pp. Notes: There is a pre-feasibility report of 1990 noted but no further details. Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team… Christchurch City Council (1991) The Estuary and its environment: issues and opportunities. Christchurch City Council Planning Policy Unit. Technical Report 92/4. 20pp. + [12pp.] of maps appended. Notes: Key word coverage includes: early vegetation patterns, ecology, exiting land use, foreshore access and protection, future activities, heritage sites, impacts of recreational use, land ownership, undeveloped land. Recommendation 2: That undeveloped land owned by Christchurch City Council not be sold or developed… Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.9164 CHR.

Christchurch City Council (1992) A green guide to birdwatching: on the Avon- Heathcote Estuary. Christchurch City Council Parks Unit & North Canterbury Branch of the Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society. Notes: Folded A4 pamphlet. c1992. Suggested sites include low tide at Sandy Point, Raupo Bay, tip of the Spit, McCormacks Bay.

Christchurch City Council (1992) Barnett Park Management Plan. Report for Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Christchurch City Council (1992) Bexley Reserve Management Plan. Parks Unit & Design Services Unit, Christchurch City Council. 47 [3] pp. Notes: Part 1: Resource information. Part 2: Development proposals. Part 3: Management objectives and policies. QV Christchurch City Council (1991) Estuarine and Coastal Ecology… Christchurch City Council (1992) Ferrymead Reserve & Ferrymead Esplanade Reserve management plan. Prepared for the Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council,

An Ihutai Bibliography 28 Christchurch. October 1992. 45 pp. Notes: With maps and plans. Accessible at -http://www.ccc.govt.nz/PARKS/ManagementPlans/Ferrymead/index.html. Christchurch City Council (1992) Ihutai Reserve: a new park for the Avon/Heathcote Estuary. Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Christchurch City Council (1992) Lower Heathcote tidal control bank replenishment programme: progress report and summary of findings. Drainage and Waste Management Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Christchurch City Council (1992) Submissions report on the draft management plan for Ferrymead Reserve & Ferrymead Esplanade Reserve. Prepared for the Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 40 pp. Notes: To be heard by the Reserves Hearings Panel on Tuesday 13 October 1992, at 12.30 p.m. in the Board Room, Linwood Service Centre. At head of title: Reserves Act 1977.

Christchurch City Council (1993) Christchurch Beaches and Coastal Parks - Draft Management Plan. Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. November 1993. Notes: QV Christchurch City Council (1995) Christchurch Beaches and Coastal Parks Management Plan - Policy Document. Available through Christchurch City Council records.

Christchurch City Council (1993) Christchurch city surface water quality data. 1992/93 – 1994/95 by J A Robb; 1995/97 by M. Gilson and K. Mitchell. Christchurch City Council Drainage and Waste Management Unit Laboratory. DBCN No. ABX- 4318. Notes: Essentially updates of environmental monitoring for proposed Avon-Heathcote Estuary and Rivers management plan, 1992. Chiefly tables. Christchurch City Council (1993) Heathcote River floodplain management : submissions on issues and options. Drainage and Waste Management Unit, Christchurch City Council. Notes: Christchurch City Council (1993) How should the Heathcote River floodplain be managed?: have your say. Christchurch City Council. Notes: Christchurch City Council (1994) Living with Our Waterways: a clean rivers campaign school resource kit for Form I & II students. Environmental Policy and Planning Unit of the Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 24 pp. ISBN 0959797327. Notes:

Christchurch City Council (1994) South Brighton Park: landscape development proposals. Prepared for the Parks Unit by the Design Services Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. August 1994. 17 leaves (6 folding). Notes: With maps and plans.

Christchurch City Council (1995) Christchurch Beaches and Coastal Parks Management Plan - Policy Document. Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. December 1995. Notes: QV Christchurch City Council (1993) Christchurch Beaches and Coastal Parks - Draft Management Plan. Available through Christchurch City Council records.

An Ihutai Bibliography 29 Christchurch City Council (1995) Proposed Christchurch City Plan. Canterbury Regional Council File N03C-0050. Notes:

Christchurch City Council (1996) Charlesworth and Linwood paddocks. Inventory of options. Unpublished report for Christchurch City Council. Notes: Inventory of options. Design criteria and constraints (draft). Not viewed, referenced from bibliography in Tipler, C J M, et al… (1999)

Christchurch City Council (1996) The story of the Woolston Tidal Barrage [videorecording]. Water Services Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: 1 video cassette (VHS) (ca. 15 min.). The story of the Woolston Tidal Barrage and its construction on the Heathcote River, Christchurch. Environmental aspects, construction and design. Call number GB1380 .C5 Woo at Lincoln University, Canterbury or Christchurch Polytechnic, City Campus, Tutor/Lecturer Video Collection - shelf location TC522.5WOO (Video) or Central Library, Reference Video, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, Shelf No. 627.42 STO.

Christchurch City Council (1997) Christchurch City Council asset management. Christchurch City Council. Notes:

Christchurch City Council (1997) Christchurch wastewater treatment plant discharge consent consultation, towards an issues and options document. Waste Management Unit, Christchurch City Council, Newsletter No 1, March 1997. Notes: Christchurch City Council (1997) Liquid wastes asset management plan. Waste Management Unit, Christchurch City Council. August 1997. Notes: Christchurch City Council (1998) Christchurch wastewater treatment plant and ponds - consultation group information resource document. Christchurch City Council. Notes: Christchurch City Council (1999) Drayton Reserve: an ecological and recreational link between the Avon/Heathcote Estuary and the : draft plan. Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council. September 1999. 1 folded sheet [5] pp. Notes: 43 x 60 cm. folded to 30 x 21 cm. Includes list of plants that belong to this area. Copy as a reference pamphlet, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Central Library, Shelf No. 719.32 DRA.

Christchurch City Council (1999) Ferrymead Bridge – Lifelines Project: draft feasibility report. (Preliminary assessment of options). City Streets Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. March 1999

Christchurch City Council (1999) Ferrymead Bridge – Lifelines Project Feasibility Report. City Streets Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Note a reference to 3 Christchurch City Council publicity pamphlets that were used as part of the consultative process.

Christchurch City Council (1999) Final report. Tangata Whenua participating Papatipu Runanga. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by Ecological Services, Waiuku Beach, North Canterbury. Various paginations. Notes: The report notes Maori interests and values that could be affected by a wastewater discharge and gives an extensive list of concerns that the Council should address in deciding on a wastewater solution. Covers Tangata Whenua local history and tikanga, mahinga kai, archaeological evidence, Ihutai, toanga species, kaitiaki roles, Waahi tapu and Waahi taonga, and pollution issues. Appendices include topographical maps and coordinates of sites in Te Whakatau Kaupapa [Tau et al, 1990].References p7-1. Much on fish species p4-7 to 4-14.

An Ihutai Bibliography 30

Christchurch City Council (1999) Proposed City Plan. Christchurch City Council, May 1999. Notes: Christchurch City Council (1999) Waterways & wetlands natural asset management strategy. Produced by the Waterways& Wetlands team, Water Services Unit, Christchurch City Council. Notes:

Christchurch City Council (2000) Draft: restoring Bexley Wetlands. Parks, Waterways and Wetlands, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 54pp. Notes: By Kevin Morland of City design. With a folding colour sketch map. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.918 MOR.

Christchurch City Council (2000) Christchurch City Council Wastewater Discharge. Christchurch City Council, Technical Report No. 11. April 2000. Notes: Available in Christchurch City Council records. Christchurch City Council (2000) Christchurch City Update 2000. Christchurch City Council. Notes: Christchurch City Council (2000) Consultation document. Christchurch City wastewater discharge Technical Report No. 32. Report prepared for Christchurch City Council. 23 [2]pp. Notes: “Wastewater Management Consultation Report”. Outlines the various options and solutions available for wastewater treatment and disposal and opens them up for public discussion and consultation. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Christchurch City Council (2000) Resolutions from Council meeting on 14 December 2000. Christchurch City wastewater discharge Technical Report No. 29. Report prepared for Waste Management Unit, Christchurch City Council. 19 [5]pp. Notes: Resolutions based around the Christchurch City Council’s choice of wastewater treatment and disposal options. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Christchurch City Council (2000) Resource information for the Christchurch coastal zone. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Policy, natural and cultural elements of Christchurch coastal zone. Christchurch City Council (2000) The Avon-Heathcote estuary issues report: draft. Prepared by Environmental Policy & Planning Unit in consultation with Environment Canterbury. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Ecan Record No. LI1C/9497. 83 leaves. Notes: Recorded as (2001) at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 333.9164 CHR. Christchurch City Council (2000) Final: The Avon-Heathcote estuary issues report. Prepared by Environmental Policy & Planning Unit in consultation with Environment Canterbury. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 83pp. Notes: Covers recreational access; Tangata whenua and access; illegal structures, heritage sites; ecological values; sea lettuce; flooding; sedimentation and erosion; water quality; Bexley Wetland; Spit; Charlesworth Reserve; Green Edge; Green Corridor. Bibliography p81-83. Available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre Christchurch Central Library, shelf No. 333.9164 FIN. Christchurch City Council (2000) Wastewater management consultation report. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. September 2000. 22 [3] pp. DBCN No. ADF-

An Ihutai Bibliography 31 8832. Notes: “A 15 year programme to improve Christchurch wastewater…In favouring an improved Estuary outfall the Council is effectively choosing to concentrate its investment in the treatment of the wastewater rather than in the construction of an ocean pipeline. While cost is important, the Council believes it is not the determining factor… significantly improving the quality of the water entering the ponds and the Estuary…the oxidation ponds will be extensively modified, in stages, to improve the way that natural processes are used to kill pathogens in the wastewater and remove nutrients…using ultraviolet technology…as a result all parts of the Estuary will be safe for swimming…The treated wastewater will continue to be discharged to the ocean via the Avon-Heathcote Estuary – but the outlet from the oxidation ponds will be rebuilt so that it enters the western edge of the Estuary through a submerged rock filter. A ‘Green Edge’ will be created along the west side of the Estuary. Accessible at http://www.ccc.govt.New Zealand/consultation/wastewaterconsultationdocument.pdf. Copy available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 WAS. Christchurch City Council (2001) Estuary green edge: draft as at July 2001. Christchurch City Council. Notes: A proposal to create an attractive, ecologically healthy and sustainable margin to the western edge of the Avon- Heathcote Estuary. QV Woodward-Clyde, Lucas Associates (1999) Final report… Christchurch City Council (2003) Natural ecosystems and biodiversity. In: Christchurch City Environmental Trends, 2003. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. p41-53. Notes: 5,087 hectares of land were zoned conservation space as at July 2003. This network includes natural, ecological and scenic parks, heritage parks, wetlands and rivers, large tracts of wilderness areas, and coastal parks. Covers ecosystem types, bird species, geological features, fish and invertebrate species, protection and restoration of conservation space. Accessible at http://ccc.govt.NewZealand/reports/2003/environmentaltrendsreport/09naturalecosystemsandbiodiversity.pdf .

Christchurch City Council (2003) Report of the Sustainable Transport and Utilities Committee to the Council Meeting of 22 May 2003. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 4pp. Notes: CWTP Resource Consent for Wastewater Effluent Discharge – Canterbury Regional Council 0210211. Senior Planning Engineer John Moore’s report on the Canterbury Regional Council’s two primary conditions appealed by the Christchurch City Council: the five year duration of the consent and the requirement for ultraviolet treatment of wastewater discharged into the Estuary.

Christchurch City Council (2003) Waterways, wetlands and drainage guide = Ko te anga whakaora mo nga arawai repo. Christchurch City Council, Parks & Waterways Unit, Christchurch. Part A Vision - ISBN 1877313017; Part B Design - ISBN 1877313025. 2 Volumes. Notes: Both parts spiral bound. “Parks and Waterways Unit’s Visionary Waterways, Wetlands and Drainage Guide ...”. Includes bibliographical references and index. Vol. 1, some 90 pp. and Vol. 2, 300 pp. A multi-disciplinary approach to design and management. Advice on site assessment using a values-based approach. Procedure to follow when consulting with local communities and takata whenua. Advice on developing and implementing environmentally sensitive design. Specific engineering and ecological criteria for design of waterways, wetlands, stormwater pipes and other structures. Both volumes available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, Shelf No. 337.9162099383 WAT.

Christchurch City Council (2004) An Archaeological Assessment of the New Brighton. Ocean Outfall Scheme. Technical Report 21. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Developed as part of the strategy and referred to in URS (2004) Assessment of the environmental effects: Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline – QV. Available through Christchurch City Council.

Christchurch City Council (2004) Christchurch City Council response to matters identified within the cultural impact assessment [from TRONT working party for ocean outfall, 24th May 2004]. Technical Report No. 23. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 4pp. Notes: A pithy response. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross

An Ihutai Bibliography 32 the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Christchurch City Council (2004) Christchurch City - wastewater discharge issues and options report. Technical Report 28. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Developed as part of the consultation strategy and referred to in URS (2004) Assessment of the environmental effects: Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline – QV. This final report relates to the consultation process undertaken by the Christchurch City Council between 1996 and 1998 to determine how best to dispose of the city’s wastewater into the long-term future. Available through Christchurch City Council. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay.

Christchurch City Council (2004) Communication and consultation audit. Technical Report No. 27. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Unpaginated [12]pp. Notes: Diary of meetings and actions from 3 July 2002 to 13 September 2004. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of and QV URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Christchurch City Council (2004) Heathcote River Walks. Christchurch City Council pamphlet. 23 [1]pp. Notes: With timed walk descriptions and accompanying guide maps.

Christchurch City Council (2004) McCormacks Bay causeway: maintenance and development report. City Solutions, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Referenced from EOS Ecology (2006).

Christchurch City Council (2004) Ngai Tahu Cultural Impact Assessment and response of Christchurch City Council to matters raised within the Cultural Impact Assessment. Technical Report 22. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Developed as part of the consultation strategy and referred to in URS (2004) Assessment of the environmental effects: Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline – QV. Available through Christchurch City Council. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay.

Christchurch City Council (2004) Ocean outfall consultation with Christchurch residents. Technical Report 26. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Developed as part of the consultation strategy and referred to in URS (2004) Assessment of the environmental effects: Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline – QV. Available through Christchurch City Council. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay.

Christchurch City Council (2004) Report of the sustainable Transport and Utilities Committee to the Council meeting of 29 July 2004. Ocean outfall pipeline: pipe length and UV disinfection. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 9pp. Notes: CWTP Resource Consent for Wastewater Effluent Discharge – Canterbury Regional Council 0210211. Senior Planning Engineer John Moore’s report. The Christchurch City Council gave the go ahead in July 2004 for the

An Ihutai Bibliography 33 construction of a 3km Ocean Outfall pipeline to take the city’s treated wastewater out to sea. It also decided not to proceed with the building of an artificial ultra-violet (UV) disinfection plant. However, work would be done to ensure a plant could easily be added later if such a plant becomes necessary. The report to the City Council at its meeting on 29 July also considered the results of public consultation earlier this year, studies of ocean-current modelling and ecology, results from the recently completed upgrades to the oxidation ponds and cost considerations. Accessible at http://www.ccc.govt.nz/council/proceedings/2004/july/cnclcover29th/sustainabletransport/index.asp.

Christchurch City Council (2004) Response of Christchurch City Council to matters identified within the Cultural Impact Assessment. Technical Report 23. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Developed as part of the consultation strategy and referred to in URS (2004) Assessment of the environmental effects: Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline – QV. Available through Christchurch City Council. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay.

Christchurch City Council (2004) Social Assessment of the proposed ocean outfall for the Christchurch wastewater discharge. Technical Report 25.Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Developed as part of the consultation strategy and referred to in URS (2004) Assessment of the environmental effects: Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline – QV. Available through Christchurch City Council. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay.

Christchurch City Council (2004) The blue edge: a guide to the city’s shoreline. Christchurch City Council, Parks & Waterways, Christchurch. 1 folded sheet, [12] pp. Notes:42 x 30 cm. folded to 21 x 10 cm. With coloured maps.

Christchurch City Council (2004) Wastewater Management Plan 2004. Part 1 – strategic issues. February 2004. 28 pp. Notes: An objective to provide a strategy for the management of wastewater assets and facilitate the integration of wastewater planning with other related activities, wastewater considered in the context of the principles under the Local Government Act 1974 and amendments 1996, summarise investigations into testing the status quo, consider likely directions for wastewater over the next 50 years. The Wastewater Asset Management Plan Part 2 follows on from Part 1 which examined the strategic direction of wastewater. Part 2 gives an overview of wastewater assets and look at the action plan to effectively manage these assets in a way which achieves the vision, goal and targets illustrated in the Wastewater Management Plan Part 1.

Christchurch City Council (2004) Wastewater Management Plan 2004. Part 2 – asset management overview. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: An objective to provide a strategy for the management of wastewater assets and facilitate the integration of wastewater planning with other related activities, wastewater considered in the context of the principles under the Local Government Act 1974 and amendments 1996, summarise investigations into testing the status quo, consider likely directions for wastewater over the next 50 years. The Wastewater Asset Management Plan Part 2 follows on from Part 1 which examined the strategic direction of wastewater. Part 2 gives an overview of wastewater assets and look at the action plan to effectively manage these assets in a way which achieves the vision, goal and targets illustrated in the Wastewater Management Plan Part 1.

Christchurch City Council (2005) Assessment of Environmental Effects: Christchurch City Council Wastewater Treatment Plant Resource Consents CRC012011 and CRC012016. Report for Christchurch City Council prepared by URS New Zealand Ltd., 42156407.00100/6000/R001. 21 October 2005. Notes: Related to the Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1. In Christchurch City Council and ECan records, available at Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

An Ihutai Bibliography 34 Christchurch City Council (2005) Christchurch city contextual overview: an annotated bibliography. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. June 2005. p295- 325. Notes: A valuable resource with books on the founding of the city and its early history, general histories, with information on many topics, of varying time spans, books on defined areas of the city, specific suburbs etc, on the city’s architectural history, on the city’s transport history, on specific services or public activities, on specific industries, on specific organisations or institutions, old guidebooks, biographies and plans & maps. Accessible as a PDF file from the Christchurch City Council website.

Christchurch City Council (2005) Heathcote River Vision: what would you like the Heathcote River and its surroundings to look like in 10, 20 or 50 years time? Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 1 folded sheet, [6] pp. Notes: Pamphlet. Notes on 12 issues under consideration and an invitation to submit.

Christchurch City Council (2005) Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1. Notes: Application to change conditions for the ocean outfall – increase exiting value of nitrogen, cadmium and ammoniacal nitrogen discharge; add Escherichia coli and remove Enterococci as pathogen level indicators. Copy available at Christchurch City Council and ECan records.

Christchurch City Council (2006) The Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Website link. Notes: Includes estuary access points and facilities. http://www.waterlink.org.nz/teachers/visits/avon-hea/index.html.

Christchurch City Council (2006) Habitats of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Website link. Notes: Includes map of plant habitats. Accessible at http://www.waterlink.org.nz/teachers/visits/avon-hea/map.html.

Christchurch City Council & City Health Department …[et al.] (1980) Planning for the Avon-Heathcote estuary: a report on the resources, activities and values of the estuary of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. Town Planning Division, Christchurch City Council with the assistance of City Health Dept. Ecan Record No. LI1C/2757, 1/02/1980. 71 pp. and [1] leaf of plates. DBCN No. AAY-1896. Notes: This report sets out relevant background material on the Estuary in a way that highlights the potential of the Estuary and points out the management problems in 1980 that go hand-in-hand with multiple use of an accessible resource. The conclusions that are drawn are intended to provide a sense of priority among uses which can be made of the estuary while always emphasising that it is a natural landscape feature which has its own natural functions to play and wildlife to support. McCormacks Bay, Rat Island, bird species, the Spit 1849-1977, Woolston Cut. For access to the correspondence and reports on the reclamation of Rat Island and the Pleasant Point Yacht club see the 1971 to 1981 material from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys & Investigations: Box 175, item 16/2, Part 3, 1969-1977 and Part 4, 1977-1984. With plans and maps. Also available at Christchurch Central Library shelf No. 333.9164 CHR.

Christchurch City Council Water Services & Boffa Miskell Partners Ltd. (1992) Christchurch rivers and Estuary - bankworks draft guidelines. Notes: The Christchurch Civic Trust (c1983) The Christchurch Civic Trust, incorporating EnVO : an organisation devoted to protecting and improving Christchurch and its environs. The Trust, Christchurch. 6pp. Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Reference pamphlet, Shelf No. 711.4099383 CHR. Christchurch Drainage Board (19??) Sewage Treatment Works. Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. n. d. 4 pp. Notes: With comprehensive diagrammatic layout and flow sheets of the operation. Appears to be a visitor’s tour handout. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, ARC 1997, Box 3, Folder 15, Item 15. QV Price, F R. Christchurch Drainage Board (19??) Some observations on colonising plants in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board by the Zoology

An Ihutai Bibliography 35 Department. n. d. 3 pp. Notes: Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, ARC 1997, Box 3, Folder 15, Item 15. The CDB was not at that stage the controlling authority for the Estuary, aspects were variously under the control of the Christchurch City Council, Lyttelton Harbour Board and Marine Department, representatives of who were present at the conference. Also referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/50. Christchurch Drainage Board (n.d.) ‘The Hydraulic and Thermal Modelling of McCormacks Bay’ a collection of information on Christchurch City Council record Christchurch Drainage Board Job History Sheet No.3056/1 and 3056/2. Notes: Referenced from bibliography of Flanagan, James - Formulation & calibration of a numerical model of the tidal hydraulics of McCormacks Bay, QV.

Christchurch Drainage Board (1948) Minutes if a conference to consider the Avon and Heathcote Estuary and the erosion of the sandspit at the mouth thereof. Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. 30 August 1948. 5pp. Notes: The CDB was not at that stage the controlling authority for the Estuary, aspects were variously under the control of various bodies and this conference was for discussions between the Marine Department, Christchurch City Council, Heathcote County Council, Lyttelton Harbour Board and Christchurch Drainage Board. Damage being caused to Redcliffs and Moncks Bay by wave action. These minutes also include the joint report of the City Engineer and the CDB Engineer on erosion and shoaling in the estuary. Various other related correspondence, Causeway plan of 1932, etc., in same file including 2pp. CDB “Notes for Conference”, all as referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1666 310, Box 947 – Avon Heathcote Estuary and also Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/50. Christchurch Drainage Board (1951) Report of dredging tests in the estuary of the Avon Heathcote Rivers. C. Caplen, Engineer, Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. 2pp. Notes: Much associated correspondence in the material referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1674 310/005 311, Box 949. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary, Drainage Board Proposed Dredging. .Also a September 1949 report by W L Coxhead, Engineer, Otago Harbour Board, Dredging Heathcote River, 3pp and other estuary investigation data.

Christchurch Drainage Board (1958) Estuary of the Heathcote and Avon Rivers. Unpublished Report of the Stormwater Planning Engineer, CDB. 18 March 1958. Unpag. [6pp.]. Notes: Covers the stability of the Spit opposite Shag Rock, tidal flooding, silting of channels at river mouth outlets and the question of river or estuary control being what will require major technical study and assessment of economic value. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/50. Christchurch Drainage Board (1959) Estuary of the Heathcote and Avon Rivers. Preliminary Technical Survey. Report No. 7346. Unpaginated [c34pp.]. Notes: Incorporates notes of the CDB Chief Engineer summarising the main points of a report/submission from ‘Messers Sogreah’, an interested firm of Grenoble, France. Covers such as dam option across the estuary at Moncks Bay and barrage construction, drainage, etc. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys & Investigations: Box 175, item 16/2, Part 2, 1956-1969. Christchurch Drainage Board (1962) Treatment Works. Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. 27 October 1962. 16pp. Notes: Published to coincide with the opening with a history of the site and the project. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council), Accession No. CH633, box 5, item 117. Christchurch Drainage Board (1963) Christchurch area [cartographic material] : showing development of stormwater and land drainage system. W. D. Jones, Engineer, Christchurch Drainage Board. Notes: Map scale 1:31,680. 1 in. to 40 chains. 57 x 67 cm. "Not complete, main drains only". Copy available, Reference map, Central Library, 628.212 JON.

An Ihutai Bibliography 36 Christchurch Drainage Board (1967) An analysis of communication concerning smell - summer 1966-67. Unpublished Christchurch Drainage Board report. Notes: Christchurch Drainage Board (1967) Christchurch Drainage Board contract 67/1150. Sewage Treatment Works, Christchurch. 16 February 1967. 2pp. Notes: Disposal of sand islands from Pond No. 1 and specifications. With associated correspondence in the referenced file - referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH479, item DR/1/1, box 65, Estuary Development – August 1962  1973.

Christchurch Drainage Board (1968) The Easter storm 1968 and its effects of the Christchurch drainage system, Christchurch. Held in Storm Files, Drainage Records Unit, Christchurch City Council. Notes: Christchurch Drainage Board (1972) Report on the present state of studies relating to the Estuary of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers (and addendum). Unpublished report. June 7, 1972. 11 pp. [and 2 pp. addendum]. Notes: Christchurch Drainage Board (1973) Coliform Survey. Unpublished report of Chief Engineer to Construction and Treatment Works Committee II Estuary. Notes: Christchurch Drainage Board (1974) Storm of 16 April 1974, Supplementary report of Chief Engineer to Works Committee, Christchurch. Held in Storm Files, Drainage Records Unit, Christchurch City Council. Notes: Christchurch Drainage Board (1980) A biological survey of rivers in the metropolitan Christchurch area and outlying districts: the Avon, Heathcote and Styx Rivers and their tributaries. Report for Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council), Accession No. CH633, item 25, box 2. Also see CDB 1986 report and Musgrove, R J & Robb, J A (1986). Copy available at Christchurch City Council and also Christchurch Polytechnic, City Campus, General Collection.

Christchurch Drainage Board (1981) Heathcote River catchment investigation. Stage 1. Planning options, storm flows, Woolston Cut, lower reaches. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1386. Notes: Various paginations, with folding plans and map. Copy available at the Alexander Turnbull Library, New Zealand Pacific Collection - reference P q363.3493 HEA 1981 and copies on shelf at Central Library 627.409931712 CHR. I note another CDB report main-titled as above but ‘Scheme VB’, 22pp. - referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council), Accession No. CH633/33, items 19-58, box 2.

Christchurch Drainage Board (1981) Flow of water, McCormacks Bay. Unpublished report by Chief Engineer to Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. P J McWilliam. 14 May 1981. 3pp. Notes: All the information the Christchurch Drainage Board possessed on the flow of water in McCormacks Bay. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH479, Christchurch City Council, item DR/1/1, box 65, Estuary Development – April 1976  October 1986.

Christchurch Drainage Board (1983) Design manual: stormwater & sewage. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1972. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 37 Christchurch Drainage Board (1986) A biological survey of rivers in the metropolitan Christchurch area and outlying districts: the Avon, Heathcote and Styx Rivers and their tributaries. For Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council), Accession No. CH633, item 25, box 2. Also see CDB 1980 report and Musgrove, R J & Robb, J A (1986).

Christchurch Drainage Board (1988) Heavy metals in the rivers and estuaries of metropolitan Christchurch and outlying areas. Unpublished Report of the Christchurch Drainage Board, Laboratory Division. March 1988. 221 pp. Notes: Many maps, figures and tables. Copy available at Christchurch Polytechnic, City Campus, General Collection – shelf location TD322.5CHR. Christchurch Drainage Board (1989) A biological evaluation of McCormacks Bay. For Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Christchurch Drainage Board (1997) Manual for the design of waterways, wetlands and drainage. Prepared by Water Services Unit, Christchurch City Council. Notes:

Christchurch Combined Estuary Association (2002) In defence of the Avon Heathcote estuary: collected and revised submissions presented by members and associates of the Christchurch Estuary Association as evidence to the Commission appointed by the Canterbury Regional Council to consider applications by the Christchurch City Council to continue for a further 15 years the discharge of effluent from the Wastewater Treatment Plant at Bromley to the Avon Heathcote Estuary. Christchurch Estuary Association, Christchurch. ix, 138 leaves. ISBN 0473090287. Notes: Edited by C.L. Batcheler and K.F. O’Connor. Includes extensive bibliographic references. The case against further discharge of sewage effluent. The Christchurch Combined Estuary Association was established in 1971, initially to combat the sea lettuce problem. Submitters were: D. E. Currie, E. L. Batcheler, P. A. Neal, W. C. Clark, V. Burrows, K. F. O’Connor, Ian R. Wood and L. Byatt. Reasoned opposition to the principle “dilution is the solution to pollution”. Not all scientific, much personal observation and historical anecdote. Copy available at Canterbury Library. Formed from the Combined Estuary Association (1963-1970). The records and those of its predecessors/successors are held in the Manuscripts Collection, Canterbury Museum Cat. No. ARC1997.15 and cover the years 1960-1990. Inquiries can be emailed to [email protected]. Available at Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 IN. Christchurch Combined Estuary Association (2006) Submission of Les Batchelor to Commissioner/Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. May 2006. 8pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Chudleigh, Brian (2001) Shorebirds of New Zealand: A Photographic Showcase. No imprint, P. Pub., Bay of Plenty. 72 pp. ISBN 0473076470. Notes: Covers all the species most people are ever likely to see and also those species that rarely turn up on our coasts and estuaries and are seldom photographed. City Walks Committee (1981) Christchurch scenic walk: riverside. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Clark, G G & Upper VIth form biology group, Cashmere High School (1961) Survey of the Heathcote-Avon Estuary. Graphic Educational Publications, Auckland. DBCN No. AAY-5599. Notes: Clark, J M & Liu, Y B (2004) Report to the Avon–Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust Research and Monitoring Committee on existing invertebrate diversity and

An Ihutai Bibliography 38 diversity after modification on a site on Linwood Avenue, Christchurch. Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology Te Wananga o Otautahi, Christchurch. July 2004. 11 pp. Notes: Clark, William (1878) Drainage scheme for Christchurch and the suburbs. Report for Christchurch Drainage Board. Times Office, Christchurch. April 11 1878. Notes: The English engineer commissioned to draw up the solution to Christchurch’s burgeoning drainage and sewage problems. Some seventy-three clauses in all, together with a plan and explanatory diagrams, that became the basis for all the Drainage Board’s future work. Referenced from Hercus, A I (1948) A City built Upon a Swamp - QV, see p32-36 for a summation of Clark’s proposals. And also see Wilson, John Christchurch: Swamp to City…

Clark, W C (1957) Studies on some littoral trochid gastropods belonging to the genera Melagraphia Gray, and Zediloma Finlay. Unpublished MSc thesis in zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Clark, W C (1958) The New Zealand species of Melagraphia Gray, and Zediloma Finlay (Molusca Gastropoda). In: Transactions of the Royal Society, 85 (4), p659-679. Clausen, B (1997) Assessment of the effects of groundwater Notesions on stream flow – A review of Canterbury Regional Council Report Series as at May 1997. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U97/53. Abstract:

Climo, F (1966) Some ecological aspects of the fauna of a culvert. Unpublished BSc(Hons) project in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Comfort, J A (1995) Lessons from the past. A history of coastal hazards at South Brighton spit, Christchurch. Unpublished MA thesis, Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Collins, J G, Cull, J E & Harris, H W (1934) Access to the Sea: report of the Investigation Committee. No imprint, [Christchurch]. 27 February 1934. (ii) 7 pp. with (2) pp. supplement. Notes: Report by a committee set up at a conference of Local Bodies, public organisations, Members of Parliament and prominent citizens, called by Christchurch Mayor Dan Sullivan on August 2nd 1933. The Heathcote Estuary port debate continues and “unemployed labour will reduce the cost”. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. Combined Estuary Association (19??) The Avon Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. Typescript, B R Hansen. 14 pp. Notes: The argument for the Estuary being given ‘international status’. A summarised analysis of all estuarine aspects. Referenced from the Canterbury Museum Manuscript Room ARC1997 Box 3, Folder 15, Item 15. The records and those of its predecessors/successors are held in the Manuscripts Collection, Canterbury Museum Cat. No. ARC1997.15 and cover the years 1960-1990. Inquiries can be emailed to [email protected]. Also see at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. XAAA 479, Item NC/1/7, box 87. Combined Estuary Association (QV). July 1981 May 1988. Much on Causeway, McCormacks Bay intersection and reclamation.

Combined Estuary Association (19??) Achievements of the Combined Estuary Association. Typescript. B R Hansen. Unpaginated. Notes: Achievements (1-8), Present and future tasks (1-16). Referenced from the Canterbury Museum Manuscript Room ARC1997 Box 3, Folder 15, Item 15. The records and those of its predecessors/successors are held in the Manuscripts Collection, Canterbury Museum Cat. No. ARC1997.15 and cover the years 1960-1990. Inquiries can be emailed to [email protected]. Also see at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. XAAA 479, Item NC/1/7, box 87. Combined Estuary Association (QV). July 1981 May 1988. Much on Causeway, McCormacks Bay intersection and reclamation.

An Ihutai Bibliography 39 Combined Estuary Association (1981) Combined Estuary Association submissions to Town Planning Hearing, Christchurch City Council. Typescript, prepared by B R Hansen. 13 February 1981. 2 pp. Notes: Noise levels in the Estuary and the impact of the New Brighton Power Boat Club and its activities. The NBPBC was a constituent member of the Combined Estuary Association. Referenced from the Canterbury Museum Manuscript Room ARC1997 Box 3, Folder 15, Item 15. The records and those of its predecessors/successors are held in the Manuscripts Collection, Canterbury Museum Cat. No. ARC1997.15 and cover the years 1960-1990. Inquiries can be emailed to [email protected]. Hansen’s records are held by the Sumner Redcliffs Historical Society under Hansen, Bernard (Y2568) and date from 1980. Also see at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. XAAA 479, Item NC/1/7, box 87. Combined Estuary Association (QV). July 1981 May 1988. Much on Causeway, McCormacks Bay intersection and reclamation.

Combined Estuary Association (1982) Combined Estuary Association submissions to Town and Country Planning Hearing, supporting the Christchurch City Council in efforts to have the Christchurch Avon Heathcote Estuary to be under the control of the Town Planning regulations. Typescript, prepared by B R Hansen. 9 July 1982. 3 pp. Notes: Referenced from the Canterbury Museum Manuscript Room ARC1997 Box 3, Folder 15, Item 15. The records and those of its predecessors/successors are held in the Manuscripts Collection, Canterbury Museum Cat. No. ARC1997.15 and cover the years 1960-1990. Inquiries can be emailed to [email protected]. Hansen’s records are held by the Sumner Redcliffs Historical Society under Hansen, Bernard (Y2568) and date from 1980. Also see at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. XAAA 479, Item NC/1/7, box 87. Combined Estuary Association (QV). July 1981 May 1988. Much on Causeway, McCormacks Bay intersection and reclamation.

Combined Estuary Association (1988) Combined Estuary Association Report. Prepared by Roger Lusby, Chairman, for Shoreline. September 1988. 1 pp. Notes: Referenced from the Canterbury Museum Manuscript Room ARC1997 Box 3, Folder 15, Item 15. The records and those of its predecessors/successors are held in the Manuscripts Collection, Canterbury Museum Cat. No. ARC1997.15 and cover the years 1960-1990. Inquiries can be emailed to [email protected]. Also see at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. XAAA 479, Item NC/1/7, box 87. Combined Estuary Association (QV). July 1981 May 1988. Much on Causeway, McCormacks Bay intersection and reclamation.

Combined Estuary Association (1989) Combined Estuary Association Report. Prepared by Roger Lusby, Chairman, for Shoreline. June 1989. 2 pp. Notes: Referenced from the Canterbury Museum Manuscript Room ARC1997 Box 3, Folder 15, Item 15. The records and those of its predecessors/successors are held in the Manuscripts Collection, Canterbury Museum Cat. No. ARC1997.15 and cover the years 1960-1990. Inquiries can be emailed to [email protected]. Also see at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. XAAA 479, Item NC/1/7, box 87. Combined Estuary Association (QV). July 1981 May 1988. Much on Causeway, McCormacks Bay intersection and reclamation.

Combined Estuary Association (1990) A brief outline of activities undertaken by the Combined Estuary Association since inception in 1970. Typescript, B R Hansen. 6 pp. Notes: From the McCormacks Bay plan in 1970 to the World Ornithological Societies’ of the World International Conference of 1990. Referenced from the Canterbury Museum Manuscript Room ARC1997 Box 3, Folder 15, Item 15. The records and those of its predecessors/successors are held in the Manuscripts Collection, Canterbury Museum Cat. No. ARC1997.15 and cover the years 1960-1990. Inquiries can be emailed to [email protected]. Hansen’s records are held by the Sumner Redcliffs Historical Society under Hansen, Bernard (Y2568) and date from 1980. Also see at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. XAAA 479, Item NC/1/7, box 87. Combined Estuary Association (QV). July 1981 May 1988. Much on Causeway, McCormacks Bay intersection and reclamation.

Combined Estuary Association (1999) A proposed charter and recommendations for management of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Combined Estuary Association, Christchurch. Notes: The records the Combined Estuary Association and those of its predecessors/successors are held in the Manuscripts Collection, Canterbury Museum Cat. No. ARC1997.15 and cover the years 1960-1990. Inquiries can be emailed to [email protected]. Also see at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. XAAA 479, Item NC/1/7, box 87. Combined Estuary Association (QV). July 1981 May 1988. Much on Causeway, McCormacks Bay intersection and reclamation.

An Ihutai Bibliography 40 Congdon, Nicola & Marsden, Islay (2004) Seagrass Zostera novazelandica in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Estuarine Research Report No. 30. School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 48 leaves. Notes: "Report prepared for the Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust and the Hagley Ferrymead Community Board." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-48), with colour illustrations and map. Copy available at Canterbury University, Central Library. Call number: QH 541.5.E8.U58 no. 30. Shelved on level 2. Bib#: 897770.

Connor, H E (1953) Report on waterweeds in rivers administered by the Christchurch Drainage Board. Unpublished report to the Director, Botany Division, DSIR. 5pp. + appendices.

Coode, Son & Mathews (1908) Lyttelton Harbour extensions, New Zealand. Coode, Son & Mathews. 16th April 1908. 20 pp. Notes: A ‘condensed’ report, accompanied by 8 drawings/maps and with a memorandum appended by Cyrus J. R. Williams, LHB Engineer. Also I note a reference to the full version of this summarised report, calligraphic handwritten script title to card cover and purple copy type, no maps or sketches, 87 leaves. The plan of the proposed wet dock at Heathcote and ship canal, as part of Lyttelton Harbour extensions (no.7 of 8 drawings) is held as Archive 68 at Christchurch City Libraries and inquiries about Arch 68 can be emailed to [email protected]?subject=Archives. The plan was to accompany the report which is also held by Christchurch City Libraries. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J.

Cook, Colin (1912) Mr Colin Cook’s reply re Christchurch Canal. P. Pub., Christchurch. 10pp. Notes: In opposition to the canal option. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAA 002-1667, 310/001. Box 947. Access to the Sea – Canal. 1905  1912.

Cooke, A & Cooke, M D (1993) Bromley oxidation pond microbiological project. Cawthron Report No 209, Nelson. Report for Canterbury Regional Council. 13 pp. plus 20 leaves of appendices. Ref. IN6-0030. Notes: Job number 30617. Covers the work done to quantify the faecal coliform contribution that birdlife makes to the Bromley Oxidation Ponds. Dilution estimates found only a 0.3% contribution and antibiotic resistance were extremely low in the influent to the pond. Woodward-Clyde (New Zealand) Ltd. carried out the water and guano sampling and the identification of birdlife present. With an appendix of C. Pratt’s bird count sheets and bird species and tables of resistance patterns of faecal coliforms. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 628.351 COO.

Cooper, H H (1964) Seawater in coastal aquifers – A hypothesis concerning the dynamic balance of freshwater. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C- 0630. Notes:

Corboy, C (1985) The Avon River: a recreational resource. Dissertation, Diploma in Parks and Recreation, Lincoln College, Lincoln, New Zealand. Notes: Cornforth, I S (1991) Heathcote River Project: report on a preliminary investigation. Department of Soil Science, Lincoln University, Canterbury. Notes: Referenced from Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility. Corporation of the City of Christchurch (1977) The Christchurch City By-law No. 66 (1977): relating to control of parts of the Avon and Heathcote rivers, the estuary thereof, and certain foreshore and adjacent area and waters. Christchurch City Council. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 41 Corry, S & Young, F (1998) Stream depletion – the issues and options. R Sanders [ed.], Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U97/81. Notes:

Cotton, R B (1935) [Letter to Employment Board]. Port Christchurch League, Christchurch. November 16 1935. 4 pp. Notes: Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. Christchurch Canal Commission Box. Addressed to W. Bromley, Deputy Chairman of the Employment Board by the Secretary of the Port Christchurch League. “The Port in the Estuary will be very cheap…”. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J.

Cotton, R B (1944) Port Christchurch. No imprint. 16 pp. Notes: A paper read to the local meeting of the New Zealand Institute (CE) outlining the history of the canal proposals, costs, analysis of other options, etc. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. Christchurch Canal Commission Box. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J.

Couch, Arthur Hiwi (1987) Rapaki Remembered: history and reminiscence. Te Waihora Press and the Canterbury Maori Studies Association, Lincoln and Christchurch. 1987. 96 pp. Notes: History and tradition of a Maori settlement in Lyttelton Harbour/Whangaraupo and early Maori settlement in the region generally. Couling, K C (1989) Recent changes in management philosophy, policies and practices for Christchurch’s waterways. Christchurch City Council. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7501. Notes: Couling, K C (1991) Heathcote River floodplain management plan: draft investigation programme 1991/92. Christchurch City Council, Drainage and Waste Management Unit. Notes: Cowan, J (1995) Maori Folk Tales of the Port Hills. Cadsonbury Publications, Christchurch. 73 pp. [1] folded leaf. ISBN 0958339031. Notes: While there is a first edition of 1923 and another edition of 1954, this facsimile edition is of more use due to the now-incorporated index.

Cox, D R & Pierson, W L (2000) Oceanographic modelling of Christchurch outfall options. Technical Report No. 7. Report for Christchurch City Council. Unisearch Ltd., University of NSW, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Laboratory, Manly Vale, Sydney. WRC Technical Report 99/39. 182pp. Notes: This report describes a modelling study done to examine the movement of wastewater, and dispersion and die-off of contaminants after discharge to either the Estuary or Pegasus Bay. Included oceanographic data collection to provide information about oceanographic and estuarine processes and provide model input data. Data was also used in the sea lettuce report – QV Technical Report No. 11. Preliminary results indicate that with an ocean pipeline, health and environmental standards could be achieved very easily at all locations, because of the high dilution, the distance of travel to points of concern, and the rapid die-off of bacteria in salt water. However an Estuary discharge would require an upgrade in treatment standards for there to be confidence that required standards would be attained consistently throughout the Estuary and on Sumner beach. Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Cox, D R & Pierson, W L (2000) Christchurch outfall data collection 25 January to 28 May 2003. WRL Technical Report, 2003/20. University of New South Wales, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Laboratory, Manly

An Ihutai Bibliography 42 Vale, Sydney. 77 pp. Notes:

Cox, D R & Pierson, W L (2000) Christchurch outfall data collection 31 May 2003 to 3 October 2003. WRL Technical Report, 2003/37. University of New South Wales, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Laboratory, Manly Vale, NSW. 66 pp. Notes:

Cox, D R et al…(2003) Christchurch ocean outfall: numerical modelling. 25 June to 28 May 2003. Water Research Laboratory, University of NSW, Manley Vale, Technical Report 2003/42. For Christchurch City Council. Notes: With Anderson, D J & Frazer, A. Aslo note Cox and Anderson 2003 numerical modelling (technical report 2003/43) 5 June to 3 October 20003; Cox and Pierson, W L 2001 oceanographic modelling (technical report 1999/39) options; Cox and Hudson R M 2003 data collection 25 January to 28 May 2003 (technical report 2003/20).

Cradock, Gregory (1972) Heathcote River. History thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Only referenced from correspondence between Cradock and LHB re development of thesis dated July 1971 - Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1666 310, Box 947.

Craggs, R & Tanner, C (1998) Pond upgrade options for Christchurch waste water treatment plant. NIWA Consultancy Report, WCL80202/1. Notes: Cranfield, H J, Michael, K P & Dunn, A (2002) The distribution, abundance and size of tuatua (Paphies donacina) on New Brighton Beach, Christchurch in 2001. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report, 2002/5. 24 pp. Notes:

Crengle, Diane & Tipa, G (1997) Flow requirements for Maori in-stream values – draft. Notes: No other details. Crengle, Diane (1993) Taking into account the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington. 26pp. ISBN 0477058787. Notes: Ideas for the implementation of Section 8 of the Resource Management Act 1991. With appendices. Appendix 2 being a list of reports of the Waitangi Tribunal from 1978 to 1992. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 346046 CRE.

Crisp, P (1986) Coastal wetlands. Information Booklet No 25, Nature Conservation Council, Wellington. 16 pp. DCBN No. AAH-0625. Notes:

Croasdale, H & Flint, E A (1986) Flora of New Zealand. Desmids: Volume I. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, Canterbury. 186 pp. ISBN 0477013538. Notes: Descriptions of all the Saccoderm and some of the Placoderm desmids (including Micrasterias), 218 taxa in all. are keys for identifying the genera and species, an annotated list of habitats, some ecological comments, a large number of literature references, and seven ecological data tables. The preface includes an account of the morphology of the desmid cell (with text figures), and a brief history of freshwater phycology in New Zealand. Croasdale, H & Flint, E A (1988) Flora of New Zealand. Desmids: Volume II. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, Canterbury. 212 pp. ISBN 0477025307. Notes: Continues from Volume I, with descriptions of 267 taxa belonging to Actinotaenium, Cosmarium, Cosmocladium and Xanthidium. Keys for identifying the species, an annotated list of habitats, ecological comments, literature references, biographical notes on four eminent desmidologists, and photographs of 16 habitats are included.

An Ihutai Bibliography 43 Croasdale, H, Flint, E A, Racine, M M (1994) Flora of New Zealand Desmids: Volume III. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, Canterbury. 386 pp. ISBN 0477016421. Notes: An illustrated account of taxa belonging to Staurodesmus, Staurastrum and nine genera of filamentous desmids. More of the desmids in this volume are planktonic, compared with those described in earlier volumes, and may be indicators of the quality of water. This final volume in the desmids series contains similar features to the previous two volumes and includes biographical notes on six distinguished desmidologists.

Crockett, D E (1951) Notes from the Christchurch Estuary. In: Notornis, Vol. 4, No.6, p137. Notes: Cromarty, Pam & Scott, D A (editors) (1995) A Directory of Wetlands in New Zealand. Department of Conservation, Wellington. GP Print, Wellington. 46 pp. ISBN 478017766. Notes: Summarised version, prepared for Department of Conservation, International Waterfowl & Wetlands Research and Ramsar Convention Bureau. Describes 73 wetlands and wetland complexes that meet the criteria for international importance. QV Cromarty, Pam & Scott, D A (editors) (1996) for full version. Cromarty, Pam & Scott, D A (editors) (1996) A Directory of Wetlands in New Zealand. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 395 pp. Notes: Prepared for Department of Conservation, International Waterfowl & Wetlands Research and Ramsar Convention Bureau. Describes 73 wetlands and wetland complexes that meet the criteria for international importance. QV Cromarty, Pam & Scott, D A (editors) (1995) for summarised version. Crosbie, C J & Bathurst, E T J (1981) Groundwater quality in Central Canterbury. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0060. Notes:

Crossland, A C (1991) Heathcote River barrage proposals. Bird surveys. Background report on the Lower Heathcote tidal control structure. Christchurch City Council. Notes: Referenced from Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility. Crossland, A C (1993) Birdlife of the Avon Heathcote Estuary and rivers, and their margins. Department of Conservation, Christchurch. Canterbury Conservancy Technical Report Series No. 6. Ecan Record No. LI1C/6623, 1/08/1993. 104 pp. ISBN 0478014503, ISNN No. 0113-3888. Notes: The focus of this report is the bird life that inhabits the Avon and Heathcote Rivers, their estuary and the adjoining habitats of the Bromley Oxidation Ponds and the Linwood Paddocks. This report brings together both published and unpublished information on that birdlife, dating from the earliest days of European settlement to the end of 1992. Contains a comprehensive bibliography at p80-84. Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 598.176 CRO. Crossland, A C (1994) Wetland wildlife habitat manual. Unpublished Report for the Drainage and Waste Management Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Crossland, A C (1996) Port Hills Birdlife: inventory, analysis & restoration potential. Report for the Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council. The Unit, Christchurch. 24 pp. Notes: Helpful bibliography at p22. Crossland, A C (1998) The birdlife of Christchurch’s tributary waterways. Report for Water Services Unit, Christchurch City Council. 39 pp. Notes: “Report on birdlife inhabiting streams and their immediate environs ... mid 1997. This data can be used as a baseline against which future changes brought about by stream enhancement could be assessed”- p2. Includes bibliographical references p35. The eleven streams surveyed are Nottingham, Valley, Steamwharf, Avoca Valley, Old Lake Outlet – Horseshoe Lake, Upper Tributaries – Horseshoe Lake, Wairarapa, Papanui, Kaputone Streams and Smacks Creek.

An Ihutai Bibliography 44 Crossland, A C (1998) Bromley Oxidation Ponds wildlife management initiatives. Progress report No. 4 – 1998 breeding season. Report for Water Services Unit, Christchurch City Council. Notes: Not viewed, referenced from bibliography in Tipler, C J M, et al… (1999).

Crossland, A C (1999) Avifauna of Christchurch. A checklist of wild bird species recorded in Christchurch 1840-1999. Draft. Unpublished report. Notes: Crossland, A C (2001) Long-term changes in numbers of variable oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolour) at two wintering sites in Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. In: The Stilt, Vol. 40, p2-6. Notes: Crossland, A C (2003) Ecological values and wildlife opportunities of the Lower Heathcote Valley Floodplain. Parks and Waterways Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 75pp. March 2003. Notes: This report updates and builds upon information presented in Crossland (May 1998): Heathcote Valley Rezoning and Opportunities for Wildlife. It also incorporates developments over the intervening five years – specifically land use rezoning; CCC acquisition of ex-Port Company land and other blocks; and continued monitoring of wildlife populations and habitats. This report was to provide an overview of ecological values of the lower Heathcote Valley Floodplain and to outline opportunities for wildlife as part of the proposed redevelopment of the valley. Habitat and wildlife from the 1840s- 1850s and changes in habitat and birdlife from the 1850s to 2003. With extensive coverage of river channels and mudflats, saltmarshes, saltmeadows, wet grasslands, ponds, ditches, drains and streams. Birds targeted under ecological values are the waders, waterfowl, swamp birds, herons, cormorants and kingfishers. Some nine locations identified for potential new wetland habitats. Bibliography at p74-75. Accessible on the internet at http://www.ccc.govt.nz/HeathcoteValley/EcologicalValuesReport.asp.

Crossland, A C (2003) A national biodiversity hot-spot from the treatment of urban wastewater – the Bromley Oxidation Ponds and Te Huingi Manu Wildlife Reserve, Christchurch. Parks & Waterways Unit, Christchurch City Council. In: The National ICM Workshop Report – Workshop Presentations. 31 December 2003. Notes: In pre-European times, the extensive wetlands of Christchurch/Otautahi supported tens of thousands of resident and migratory wetland birds. The annual lifecycle of many species involved a period either breeding, moulting, wintering, or transiting through the Christchurch area. The development of a city and its surrounding agricultural hinterland completely transformed the pre-European landscape to the point where more than 90% of local wetland area was destroyed. Currently, peak numbers of wetland birds using Christchurch waterways and wetlands exceed 40,000 individuals of 45+ species. Many of these wetland birds utilise human-created (artificial sites) and up to half of them congregate at one site, the Bromley Oxidation Ponds. The 240 ha Bromley Oxidation Ponds and c100 ha of surrounding pastureland comprise the Te Huingi Manu Wildlife Refuge. The site is located adjacent to the western shoreline of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and is managed by the Christchurch City Council. The primary function of the oxidation ponds is to treat the wastewater generated by a city of 350,000 people.

Crossland, A C (2005) Comments on the Ferrymead Bridge: anticipated effects on wildlife. Unpublished report by Greenspace, Christchurch City Council. June 2005. Revision 2. 5pp. Notes: Related to the Resource Consent Application for a Lifelines Protection Project - Strengthening and reinforcing Ferrymead Bridge.

Crush, J R, Ledgard, S F & O’Connor, M B (1994) Nitrate losses from pastoral agriculture to surface and groundwater in New Zealand. Canterbury Regional Council File L01C-6292. Notes:

Curtis, Thomas D & Shima, Jeffrey S (2005) Geographic and sex-specific variation in growth of yellow-eyed mullet, Aldrichetta forsteri, from estuaries around New Zealand. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2005, Vol. 39. p1277–1285.

An Ihutai Bibliography 45 Notes: An examination of sex-specific patterns of growth of the yellow-eyed mullet, Aldrichetta forsteri, and explore how these patterns vary among sites that are arrayed across c. 10 degrees of latitude in New Zealand. Known biology of A. forsteri is reviewed by Taylor & Paul (1998), and by Sullivan et al. (2005). A. forsteri is typically a schooling species, and is common and abundant in estuaries and harbours throughout New Zealand. Four standardised gill nets were used to sample A. forsteri from 14 permanently open estuaries from around New Zealand, one of which was the Avon-Heathcote Estuary.

Cutler, Alan with Morland, Kim & McMurtrie, S (1997) Restoring Steam Wharf Stream. Christchurch City Council. August 1997. 76 pp. Notes: Includes a historical section and sections on natural history.

Cyclopedia Company (1903) The Cyclopedia of New Zealand: Volume 3, Canterbury provincial district. Cyclopedia Company Ltd., xxx1, 1119 pp. Notes: Biographies of the early Cantabrian citizenry whose entries were often paid for, and in some cases written, by themselves.

Daglish, W H (1985) Flow regimes and spring locations in the Styx and Avon River systems, Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1118. Notes: Daglish, W H (1986) Flow distributions and spring locations in the Cashmere and Upper Heathcote Catchments. North Canterbury Catchment Board. Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C-3556. Notes:

Dalefield, W (1976) City of Christchurch outline policy statement in anticipation of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary maritime plan. Christchurch City Council, Public participation document No. 10; Ecan Record No. LI1C/1389, 31/12/1976. 63 pp. Notes: Dall, C T (1987) Studies on faecal coliform bacteria in sediment of the Avon- Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. MApplSc thesis, Lincoln College, Lincoln, Canterbury. Notes: Copy available at Lincoln University, Central Library. Daly, A (2000) Christchurch – West Melton water resources: bibliography. Canterbury Regional Council, Report No. U99/69. Notes: Daly, A (2001) Avon River, Otakaro and Heathcote River and tributaries: report of a survey: waterways appearance during low flows. Environment Canterbury, Christchurch; Ecan Report No. U01/62. Ecan Record No. PU1C/6001, 1/07/2001. 47 pp. Notes: Davidson, J (1987) The Prehistory of New Zealand. Longman Paul, Auckland. iv, 270 pp. ISBN 0582718120. Notes: First ed. Published 1984. Includes bibliographical references p227-241 and an index. Davie Lovell-Smith Ltd & Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd. (1994) Water allocation: Issues and options report. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U94/61. Notes:

Davis, Mark (2000) Southshore Spit development plan. Prepared for Christchurch City Council Parks Unit, Christchurch. July 2000. [9] pp. Notes: Includes bibliographical references. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.7840993833.

An Ihutai Bibliography 46 Dawson, E W & Yaldwyn, J C (1975) Excavation and faunal remains at Hamilton’s and adjacent properties, Redcliffs. 1946-1948. In: Trotter, M J, Archaeological investigations at Redcliffs, Canterbury, New Zealand. Record of the Canterbury Museum, Vol. 4, No3. [QV]. Notes:

Day, J H & Hutchings, P A (1979) An annotated check-list of Australian and New Zealand Polycheta, Archiannelida and Myzostomida. In: Records of the Australian Museum, Vol. 32, p80-161. Notes:

Deely, Joanne M (1991) Sediment and heavy metal distributions in the Avon- Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of PhD, Department of Geology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 316 pp. Notes: Deely, J, Matthews, K & McGlone, M S (1992) Dating sediments in the Avon- Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand, using a combination of historical records, pollen profiles, and 14 C and 210Pb analyses. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Diversity in Quaternary Coastal Evolution, Quaternary International, Wellington, December 1992. Notes: Copy of these proceedings not found in a search of the Christchurch City Library, the University of Canterbury Library or the Victoria University Library. de Lange, W P & Healy, T R (1986) New Zealand tsunamis 1840 – 1982. In: New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 29, p115-134. Notes: Dellow, D J (1972) Flow in a tidal stream. ME thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Department of Conservation (2005) Submission of Bruce Arnold on behalf of the Director General of Conservation. CHCCO-82678. To the Canterbury Regional Council. 6pp. Notes: Related to the Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Department of Health (1973) Report on water usage involving the Avon and Heathcote Rivers, the estuary and the coastal waters. Department Of Health, Christchurch; Ecan Record No. LI1C/0435, 1/01/1973. 29 pp. Notes: Department of Lands & Survey (1929) Lithographic map of the Avon River (from source to estuary). Commissioner for Crown Lands, Dept. of Lands & Survey, Wellington. Notes: Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/26, Lands & Survey file, item 3/384, box 21.

Department of Lands and Survey (c1982) Christchurch City Coastal Reserves Investigation. Department of Lands and Survey, Christchurch. Note: The investigation covers 52 kilometres of coastline from North New Brighton to Lyttelton Harbour, including the Estuary. It includes recommended objectives and management strategies.

An Ihutai Bibliography 47 Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (1990) Hydrology Manuals. Water Resources Survey, Division of Water Sciences, DSIR, Wellington. Notes: Department of Statistics (1993) Measuring up - New Zealanders and the environment. Department of Statistics, Wellington. Notes: de Their, W (1976) Sumner to Ferrymead: A Christchurch History. Pegasus Press, Christchurch. 215 pp., [64] p. of plates. Notes: Much detailed local history on both land and water, an indispensable guide to the European history, infrastructure, social networks and settlement. Includes chapters on the Estuary and Sumner Bar, and Ferrymead and Heathcote. Also a 1996 facsimile (John Coffey, ed.) by Cadsonbury Publications, Christchurch.

Dew, Les (1991) The Tidal Travellers, the Small Ships of Canterbury. A. and M. Publishers, Christchurch. 103 pp. Notes: No. 6 in the series On The Move: Christchurch Transport Through the Years. Edited by Mark Alexander. Bibliography p101-103.

Dick, R D (1952) Report on soil erosion and conservation on the slopes of the Port Hills within the Heathcote watershed. Presented to combined meetings of the Christchurch Drainage Board and North Canterbury Catchment Board. 18 July 1952. Notes:

Dicker, M J (1977) Nitrates in groundwater – a review. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0069. Notes:

Dicker, M J (1977) Saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0071. Notes:

Dicker, M J & Canterbury Regional Council (1993) The Christchurch groundwater management plan: Provisional draft plan on groundwater allocation, March 1993. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U93/12. Notes:

Dicker, M J (1996) Regional groundwater resource issues. Canterbury Regional Council File PL1C-0081/v3. Notes:

Dicker, M J (1997) Commonly used terms in a hydrogeological context: their interpretation and application. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U97/61. Notes:

Dickson, Paul B (1997) Evidence for presentation to a Commissioner appointed by Canterbury Regional Council and Christchurch City Council in the matter of the Resource Management Act 1991. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 35pp. Notes: The matter of applications for resource consent for the relocation of the Kibblewhite Reserve stopbank. Dickson provides a history of events leading up to the Resource Consent application. QV Vodder, C, Eastman, R E & Hicks, D M.

Dix, T G (1966) Effects of the physical environment on the distribution of barnacles in a culvert of the Heathcote-Avon Estuary, Christchurch. Unpublished B.Sc.(Hons) project in zoology. University of Canterbury, Christchurch . Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 48

Dolman, C (1971) Parasites of the sand-flounder (Rhombosolea plebelia). Unpublished B.Sc.(Hons) project in zoology. University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Donnelly, P (1992) Managing Canterbury’s water resources: towards a Regional Policy Statement. Positioning Paper No 1. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R92/9. Notes:

Douglass, Malcolm (1989) Ten years searching for consensus : a review of the 1979 to 1989 activities of the Canterbury United Council. Canterbury United Council, Christchurch. Report No. 441. 50pp. ISBN 1869370902. Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 352.09317 DOU.

Dowding, J E & Moore, S J (2006) Habitat networks of indigenous shorebirds in New Zealand. Science & Technical Publishing, Department of Conservation, Wellington. Science for Conservation 261. 99 pp. ISBN 047814055X. Notes: Extensive bibliography p58-64. Reviews knowledge and information on the important regions, habitats and sites used by seven endemic shorebird species in New Zealand. New Zealand pied oystercatcher, variable oystercatcher, pied stilt, black stilt, New Zealand dotterel, banded dotterel and wrybill - most of which have Estuary relevance.

Dowling, Elizabeth (2002) Population ecology of the talitrid amphipod Transorchestia chiliensis and its role as a potential biomonitor of trace metal contaminants in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology. University of Canterbury, Christchurch. iv, 98 leaves. Notes: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-86). Canterbury University Bib#: 828994.

Downes, C J & Williamson, R B (199?) Water quality of Christchurch aquifers. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0297. Notes:

Dray, Jennifer (2005) Assessment of Environmental Effects: landscape assessment. Ferrymead Bridge Lifelines. Unpublished report by City Solutions, Christchurch City Council. May 2005. 7 [2]pp. Notes: Related to Resource Consent Application for a Lifelines Protection Project, the Ferrymead Bridge. Retention of slat marsh plants, new bank profiles and planting, enhancement of sites of historical significance (Cobb Cottage), unimpeded sightlines.

Duarte, C M (1991) Seagrass depth limits. In: Aquatic Botany, Vol. 40, p363-377. Notes:

Duncan, Maurice J & Hicks, D Murray (2001) The lower Avon River: why is the salt marsh area eroding? NIWA, Client Report CHC01/08. February 2001. 43 leaves. Notes: The erosion of Juncus maratimus from the true left bank, upstream and down, of the Avon River at Bridge Street bridge. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 42-43). Project No. CCC01505. Copy available at the Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, Central Library, 574.92 DUN.

Duncan Maurice J, Hicks, D Murray, Shankar, U (2003) Avon River at Bridge Street – bed topography survey and comment on morphology changes. Prepared for Parks and Waterways Unit of Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. NIWA Client Report: CHC2003-025 July 2003. NIWA Project: CCC03504. Notes: A report in response to community concerns about bank erosion and decrease in salt marsh near Pleasant Point Yacht Club and Bridge St bridge. Includes river cross-sections, recommendations and conclusions.

An Ihutai Bibliography 49 Dyer, K R (1972) Sedimentation in estuaries. In: The Estuarine Environment, R S K Barnes & J Green [eds], Applied Science Publishers, London, p10-32. Notes:

Dysart, M C (1972) The osmotic pressure of the blood in Amphibola crenata (Martyn, 1784). Unpublished B.Sc.(Hons) project in zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Extract:

Earl, P (1998) Springs database manual: field procedures and database management. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/8. Notes:

Earl, P (1998) Groundwater springs: a literature review of existing classification schemes and studies, and proposal for a Canterbury spring classification system. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/7. Notes:

Eastman, R E (1997) Evidence for presentation to a Commissioner appointed by Canterbury Regional Council and Christchurch City Council in the matter of the Resource Management Act 1991. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 19pp. Notes: The matter of applications for resource consent for the relocation of the Kibblewhite Reserve stopbank. Eastman's evidence is given in relation to the relocation and construction of the new stopbank and stormwater discharge matter. QV Vodder, C., Hicks, D M.

Ecology Services Ltd. (1999) Final report. Tangata Whenua participating Papatipu Runanga. Christchurch City wastewater discharge, Technical Report No. 25. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by Ecological Services Ltd., Waiuku Beach, North Canterbury. 20 October 1999. Various paginations. Notes: Reference AC26666700.00/0007/0713/WW-3B. Runanga submitting were Tuahuriri, Taumutu, Kaikoura, Koukourarata, Wairewa, Onuku and te hapu o Ngati Wheke. The report notes Maori interests and values that could be affected by a wastewater discharge and gives an extensive list of concerns that the Council should address in deciding on a wastewater solution. Covers Tangata Whenua local history and tikanga, mahinga kai, archaeological evidence, Ihutai, taonga species, kaitiaki roles, Waahi tapu and Waahi taonga, and pollution issues. Appendices include topographical maps and coordinates of sites in Te Whakatau Kaupapa [Tau et al, 1990].References p7-1. Much on fish species p4-7 to 4-14. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Ecological Services Ltd. (2004) Ngai Tahu impact assessment on the cultural environment. Technical Report 22. Ecological Services Ltd., Waiuku Beach, North Canterbury for Christchurch City Council. c36pp. Notes: Covers issues of pollution, shellfish bed seeding, social and commercial use of fisheries, mahinga kai, Waahi tapu and Waahi taonga. Developed as part of the consultation strategy. Available through Christchurch City Council. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS. QV Tau, Rawiri Te Marie…

Edgar, E & Connor, H E (2000) Flora of New Zealand. Volume V. Gramineae. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, Canterbury. lxxxii, 650 pp. ISBN 0478093314. Notes: The first fully integrated Flora in the series, covering both native and naturalised grasses, and completes the vascular Flora of New Zealand. Includes distribution record, ecology, and keys to genera of about 400 species.

An Ihutai Bibliography 50 Edwards, Richard (1972) The life-history of a muscid fly and the interaction between it and its diapriid parasite. Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Notes: Muscid flies live in the detritus cast along the Estuary shore. QV Mason, Judith J (1984). Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys & Investigations: Box 175, item 16/2, Part 3, 1969-1977.

Eggleton, Q (2004) Avon/Otakaro groundwater sourced flow location & quantities. Ecan Report, U05/39. 19 pp. Notes:

Eggleton, Q (2004) Heathcote River groundwater sourced inflow locations & quantities. Ecan Report, U05/40. 37 pp. Notes:

Eichelbaum, T (1998) Fisheries (South Island Customary Fishing) Regulations. T. Eichelbaum, Government Administrator. NZ Government Press, Wellington. Notes:

Eldon, G A & Kelly, G R (1985) Fishes of the Waimakariri Estuary. New Zealand Freshwater Fisheries Report No. 56. Freshwater Fisheries Centre, MAFFish, Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1423. Notes: Eldon, G A ...[et al.] (1989) Fisheries survey of the Heathcote River, January 1989. New Zealand Freshwater Fisheries Report No. 11, Freshwater Fisheries Centre, MAFFish. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-3724. 50pp. ISBN 0477081797. Notes: Copy on shelf at Central Library 597.092993171 FIS. Eldon, G A & Taylor, M J (1990) Fisheries survey of the Styx River, Summer 1990. Report No. 120, New Zealand Freshwater Fisheries Reports, MAFFish; Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7496. Notes: Eldon, G A & Kelly, G R (1992) Fisheries survey of the Avon River, 1991-92. New Zealand Freshwater Fisheries Report, No. 137. Freshwater Fisheries Centre, MAFFish, Christchurch. 33pp. Notes: An appendix by Colin Meurk (QV), Botany Division, DSIR, titled ‘Urgent need to arrest the continual disturbance to end elimination of riparian vegetation along the Avon, Heathcote and Styx [rivers].’ Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, Shelf No. 597.092993174 ELD. Eldred, Nick (1998) Preliminary hydrological assessment of land treatment and disposal options. Technical Report No. 3. Prepared by Woodward-Clyde (NZ) Ltd., Christchurch for Christchurch City Council. 9 June 1998. Various paginations. [c25pp.]. Notes: Authorised document No. AC266639/0009/6000/R001A-01. Appendix is the Canterbury Region Wells Database. Assessment of hydrology and groundwater effects of land disposal of City’s wastewater. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Eldred, Nick (1998) Preliminary hydrological assessment of aquifer injection options for disposal of wastewater. Technical Report No. 4. Prepared by Woodward- Clyde (NZ) Ltd., Christchurch for Christchurch City Council. c18pp. Notes: Undertaken as part of the “Issues and Options” report. Looked at the hydrological and engineering issues associated with aquifer injection disposal on land. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

An Ihutai Bibliography 51 Eldred-Grigg, S (1982) A New History of Canterbury. J Mclndoe, Dunedin. 252 pp., [8] pp. of plates. ISBN 0868680397. Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p230-234) and index. Eldred-Grigg, S (1989) A Southern Gentry: New Zealanders Who Inherited the Earth. Reed, Wellington. 192 pp., [16] pp. of plates. ISBN 0589013181 (Reed); ISBN 0790000881 (Heinemann Reed). Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p176-181) and index. Elliot, A M & Morrison, K (1997) Analysis of potential stormwater quality controls in Christchurch. Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U97/40; Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C-5502. Notes:

Elliot, N M (1976) The feasibility of a radio ecological study of the presence of lead pollutants in intertidal food chain: sediment - benthic muroflora - Amphibola crenata -Cominella glandiformis of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, with special reference to McCormacks Bay. Unpublished MSc thesis. Canterbury University. Notes: Neither author nor title found in a search of the University of Canterbury Library or the Lincoln University Library. Eliot Sinclair & Partners Ltd. (2004) Jellicoe Street, profiling hydrographic report. Technical Report No. 5. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Eliot Sinclair & Partners Ltd. for Christchurch City Council. 4pp. + 1pp., appendix. Notes: The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay.Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Environment Canterbury (sponsor) (2001) Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant. Application for Resource Consent: Officer Reports. August 2001. Various paginations. Notes: Reports given by L. Frietje, T. Mallett, K. Bunting, P. Ross, S. Higgs and H. Tai. The consents sought relate to: discharge into air – Coastal Permits, reclaim and occupy the Estuary foreshore, effluent discharge into Estuary and onto land, estuarine ecosystem effects, sea lettuce effect, endocrine disruption to estuarine ecosystem landscape and natural character effects, iwi concerns and values, scientific robustness. Environment Canterbury (2005) Resource Consent applications by Christchurch City Council. Dr. Bryan Jenkins, Chief Executive, ECan. 5 February 2005. Notes: Inserted under the Resource Management heading in the Christchurch Star (4/2/2005) and the Press (5/2/2005). Several pages in length. “The following applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay.“

Environment Canterbury (2006) Swing moorings: information on construction and maintenance. ECan, Christchurch. No. E20/03. 11pp. Notes: Environment Canterbury (2006) Boating rules for Avon-Heathcote Estuary and foreshore. Canterbury Regional Council Bylaws. Notes: Accessible at http://www.ecan.govt.New Zealand/NR/rdonlyres/OD59BF1-0723-4228-B6B1- DFAFB12CD60F/0/AvonheathcoteBylaws.pdf.

An Ihutai Bibliography 52 Environment Waikato (200?) Combined Estuary Association vs. Christchurch City Council, A4/88. In: Natural Character Report 3: 3.3 Preservation of the Natural Character of the Coastal Environment. Notes: Legal Interpretation of ‘Natural Character’ under the Town and Country Planning Act(s) and the Resource Management Act (1991) – property bordering the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. The applicant owned land fronting the Avon- Heathcote estuary, and wished to extend an existing jetty that protruded from the sea wall abutting his property. The case primarily centred around the refusal of the council to grant consent, because the jetty stood on what was designated in the District Scheme as an existing road. Section 3(1)(c) considerations were of relevance in this case, but it was considered by Judge Skelton that the natural character was already compromised. His Honour stated: “We accept that much of the estuary and its environs have a natural character worthy of preservation as a matter of national importance. In this particular part of the coastal environment, however, it is our judgement that the hand of man has become the dominant influence. Although there are natural amenities, which, of course, the applicant himself seeks to take advantage of, we do not think that this part of the coastal environment has a sufficiently significant natural character to be worthy of protection, afforded by the sub-section. It is largely a built up area fronting on to the estuary.” Accessible at www.ew.govt.nz/enviroinfo/coasts/naturalcharacter/ report/Naturalcharacterreport3.3.2.htm.

EOS Ecology (2005) Benthic Survey of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Prepared for the Christchurch City Council, Report No. 05006-CCC05-01. Ecan Record No. LI1C/9744. 29 pp. Notes: EOS Ecology (2006) Offer of Service: Sediment deposition in McCormacks Bay. Draft. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by EOS Ecology, Christchurch. July 2006. 9pp. Notes: Offer of Service No. 06037-CCC01-OOS01 with 8 colour photographs. A proposal to study the overall state of sediment within McCormacks Bay, including sediment particle size, accumulation, contamination, and organic content. This study would form part of wider research which will include a study of the benthic fauna and hydraulics within the bay. The outcomes would enable stakeholders and council to make a more informed decision about any culvert (s) replacement and the flow-on repercussions (positive or negative) to the different values attributed to the bay. Field work is proposed for February-March 2007.

EOS Ecology (2006) Offer of Service: Research into sediment distribution and accumulation in McCormacks Bay. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by EOS Ecology, Christchurch. September 2006. 7pp. Notes: Offer of Service No. 06037-CCC01-OOS01. After a pilot study to establish the most efficient sample collection protocols, core samples will collected from 33 sites, evenly spaced, over seven transects within McCormacks Bay. Where possible the sites correspond with sites previously surveyed for benthic invertebrates (See Christchurch City Council (1990) McCormacks Bay: reserve management plan April 1990). A biological study in conjunction with the sediment study is recommended. The results form the core samples can be used to determine the buildup of fine sediment and nutrients, the levels of recent (top subsample) and historical (mid low core subsamples) contamination, and anoxia levels of surface or pore water. The results could be incorporated into a GIS system to provide visual interpretation of spatial variation in the physical variables.

EOS Ecology (2006) Offer of Service: Research into the benthic invertebrate fauna of McCormacks Bay. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by EOS Ecology, Christchurch. September 2006. 8pp. Notes: Offer of Service No. 06037-CCC01-OOS01. A sediment study (EOS Ecology (2006) Offer of Service: Research into sediment deposition) in conjunction with the biological study (QV Christchurch City Council (1990) McCormacks Bay: reserve management plan April 1990) is recommended. The results of the biological and physical studies will be strengthened if invertebrate and macroalgae samples are taken alongside the sediment samples, enabling correlations to be made between physical and biotic samples. Macroalage data will be shared with Gerry Murphy who is studying the sea lettuce in McCormacks Bay.

Erickson, N & Barbour, B (1986) Natural hazards: people and process. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth New Zealand Geography Conference, Hamilton, August 1985, Christchurch Geographical Society, p132-137. Notes: Espie, Jim (1996) Conservation plan for the sod cottage in Scott Park, Sumner Road, Ferrymead, Christchurch. Unpublished report for the Parks Unit, Christchurch

An Ihutai Bibliography 53 City Council. Notes: A City Design report. Also note the 1997 Christchurch City Council ‘Condition and Remedial Works Report’ for the cottage and a 11 April 2005 memorandum from Senior Heritage Planner M. Stacey to City Solutions’ H. Holder-Lunn titled ‘Ferrymead Bridge Upgrade and Assessment of Works on the Heritage of Cob Cottage’ – 5pp. Estcourt, I N (1962) An ecological survey of the burrowing polychaetes of the Avon- Heathcote Estuary. MSc(Hons) thesis in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Estcourt, I N (1966) The life history and breeding biology of Nicon aestuariensis Knox (Annelida, Polychaeta). In: Transactions of the Royal Society New Zealand, Zoology, Vol. 7, p179-194. Notes: Estcourt, I N (1967) Burrowing polychaete worms from a New Zealand estuary. In: Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand Zoology, Vol. 9, p65-78. Notes: Estcourt, I N (1967) Ecology of benthic polychaetes in the Heathcote Estuary, New Zealand. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 1, p371- 394. Notes: The distributions of 19 species of polychaetes burrowing in the intertidal sand and mudbanks of the Heathcote Estuary are related to salinity, sediment grade, and length of time of exposure at low tide. Only Nicon aestuariensis Knox and Scotecolepides benhami Ehlers appear to be truly estuarine species reaching their greatest population densities in low salinities. Incidental observations of feeding and reproduction are reported. Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1967/26.php. Estcourt, I N (1976) Bibliography of scientific studies of New Zealand mainland estuaries, inlets, lagoons, harbours and fiords. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, DSIR, Wellington. Notes: Ettema, M (1998) Purpose drilled groundwater wells – Identification and review. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report No. U98/22. Notes:

Ettema, M H et al… (1995) Ground water level monitoring network optimisation: Waimakariri-Ashley area-Christchurch-South of Rakaia: Part 2 of 2. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U94/14. Notes: With Sanders, R, Scott, D & Todd, B R.

Ettema, M H (1999) Aquifer test at Woolston/Heathcote, M36/0979, in the Riccarton Aquifer April 1999. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U99/20. Notes: Evison, Harry (1988) The Treaty of Waitangi and the Ngai Tahu claim: A Summary. Ngai Tahu Maori Trust Board, Christchurch. 54 pp. ISBN 0959788700. Notes: Bibliography p53-54. Ka Roimata Whenua series. No. 2. Foreword by Rakiihia Tau. Evison, Harry (1993) Te Wai Pounamu, the Greenstone Island: A history of the southern Maori during the European colonisation of New Zealand. Aoraki Press in conjunction with the Ngai Tahu Maori Trust Board and Te Runanganui o Tahu. xxvi, 582 pp. ISBN 0908925077. Notes: Includes bibliographical references p. 519-530. QV Evison’s thesis, ‘A history of the Canterbury Maoris (Ngaitahu) with special reference to the land question’ [333.099317 EVI, Thesis] at Canterbury Library and Canterbury University and his The Long Dispute, 1997.

An Ihutai Bibliography 54

Evison, Harry & Adams, Mark (1993) Land of Memories: A Contemporary View of Places of Historical Significance in the South Island of New Zealand. Tandem Press, Auckland. Unpaginated. ISBN 0908884249. Notes: “My intention with this collection is subjective ... looking ... at the evolving relationship my culture has with the indigenous culture in its relationship with the land”—Back cover. “Whenua i maharatia, haehae nga takata = Land of memories, scarred by people.” Includes bibliographical references and Rapanui (Shag Rock), and Opawaho-Otakaroro estuary mouth and Te Ana o Hineraki (Moa-Bone Point Cave, Redcliffs).

Evison, Harry (1997) The Long Dispute: Maori Land Rights and European Colonisation in Southern New Zealand. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. 399 pp. and [8] pp. plates. ISBN 0908812574. Notes: Extensive glossary, bibliography and index. An abridged version of the Te Wai Pounamu, 1993 (qv).

Evison, Harry (2006) The Ngai Tahu Deeds: A Window on New Zealand History. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. 320 pp. ISBN 0908812574. Notes: Harry Evison re-examines New Zealand colonial history in the light of a number of original documents, particularly the ten Ngai Tahu deeds by which the Crown acquired Maori title to the southern half of New Zealand from 1844 to 1864. Includes bibliographical references (p373-386) and index.

Falconer, R A, Goodwin, P & Matthew, R G S (1989) Hydraulic and environmental modelling of coastal, estuary and river water. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7469. Notes: Available in records at Canterbury Regional Council Falla, R A, Gibson, R B & Turbott, E G (1978) The New Guide to the Birds of New Zealand. Collins, Auckland. 247 pp., [24] leaves of plates. ISBN 0002169282. Notes: Illustrated by Elaine Power. Bibliography p233-235. Farrant, P G (1993) Design of constructed wetlands for sewage treatment. Unpublished ME thesis. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Available at University of Canterbury Central library.

Fennell, J F M, (1985) Asiatic Dowitcher at the Heathcote-Avon Estuary, Christchurch. In: Notornis, Vol. 32, No. 4, p322-323. Notes: With Fennell, J S, Crossland, A & Langlands, P.

Fenemor, A, Thomas, J, Robb, C & White, P (1999) Hydrological extremes and groundwater allocation. Paper, New Zealand Hydrological Society Conference, 23-25 November 1999. Notes:

Fenwick, G D (1987) Organic carbon pathways in the Canterbury groundwater ecosystem and the role of phreatic crustaceans. Report to National Water and Soil Conservation Organisation, Ministry of Works and Development, Wellington. Notes: Fenwick, G D (1999a) The benthos off South New Brighton, Pegasus Bay: a preliminary assessment. Report prepared for Christchurch City Council by NIWA. NIWA client report CHC99/28. 15pp. Notes: : References p20-24. Project No. WCL90510. QV Fenwick, G (1999b). Fenwick, G D (1999b) The benthos off South New Brighton, Pegasus Bay: a preliminary assessment. Christchurch City wastewater discharge Technical Report No. 19. Report prepared for Christchurch City Council by NIWA. NIWA client report

An Ihutai Bibliography 55 CHC99/53. July 1999. 27pp. Notes: Project No. WCL90510. New fieldwork was done to survey the larger invertebrate community on the ocean floor off South Brighton beach. The report notes some trace element pollution of sediments at the deepest site surveyed, ie at 18m depth. No conclusions were drawn about the possible impacts of changing the existing wastewater discharge system but the report suggests a sampling programme to monitor impacts if the system is changed. References p20-24. Project No. WCL90510. I note a same-titled NIWA report - NIWA client report CHC99/28 (1999), 15pp – not viewed. Fenwick, Graham (1999) Pegasus Bay surf clam resources: a preliminary assessment. Christchurch City wastewater discharge Technical Report 21. NIWA Client report CHC99/28. Prepared for Christchurch City Council. May 1999. 15pp. Notes: Project No. WCL90511. References p14-15. Assessment of surf clam distribution including the shellfish’s significance to tangata whenua. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Ferrymead Bays Soccer (2006) Ferrymead Bays Soccer Website. Notes: With junior pitches at Redcliffs Park and McCormacks Bay for ten years. Based from Barnett Park. The Club was formed in 1972, by 1986 the Club typically entered 8 to 10 teams in the Canterbury Junior Football Assn Competitions, compared to the 37 teams they now have plus about 100 children in the beginners group. www.ferrymeadbayssoccer.co.nz/history.htm.

Fielding-Cotterell, W (1997) Evidence for presentation to a Commissioner appointed by Canterbury Regional Council and Christchurch City Council in the matter of the Resource Management Act 1991. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 7pp. Notes: The matter of applications for resource consent for the relocation of the Kibblewhite Reserve stopbank. Fielding- Cotterell covers the effects of stopbank relocation on existing trees in the reserve, and the management of these trees for the purposes of maintaining their visual values and wind sheltering effect. QV Vodder, C.

Findlay, R H (1984) The mouth of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary: a review of the historical development of the mouth of the estuary of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. Street Works Division, Christchurch City Council. Ecan Record No. LI1C/1387, 1/09/1984. 20 pp. DBCN No. ABI-5807. Notes: History of changes to the Estuary, with consequent erosion of the tip of South Brighton Spit, probably permanent loss of sand from Sumner beach, and increased vulnerability to erosion of properties in Redcliffs. Covers the historical development of the area, including Sumner, Clifton and Moncks Bay p5-13. Folding table to inside rear cover ‘Events at the Estuary Outlet. 1850-1931’. QV Goodman, H B (1954). Available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre Christchurch Central Library, shelf No. 333.9164 FIN.

Findlay, R H, & Kirk, R M (1988) Post 1847 changes in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch - a study of the effect of urban development around a tidal estuary. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol.22, No. 1, p101-127. DBCN No. ADJ-4394. Notes: Locality map page 102 and pages 106-109 has an excellent chronology of events in and near the Avon Heathcote Estuary (established from historical data - Findlay 1984) : includes Shag Rock/Cave Rock; Scarborough; Brighton Spit; Estuary Mouth/Moncks Bay. History of changes to the Estuary, with consequent erosion of the tip of South Brighton Spit, probably permanent loss of sand from Sumner beach, and increased vulnerability to erosion of properties in Redcliffs. A detailed, previously undescribed, history of changes to the Avon-Heathcote Estuary mouth at Christchurch, New Zealand, is presented. Between 1847 and 1911 the estuary inlet was dominated by a tidal bypassing regime. Between 1911 and 1938 this changed to a mixed tidal and bar bypassing regime, with consequent erosion of the tip of the South Brighton Spit, probably permanent loss of sand from Sumner Beach, and increased vulnerability to erosion of properties in the suburb of Redcliffs. The change is thought to be related to changes in estuarine tidal compartment owing to the pre-1920-40 urbanisation of the Christchurch area. The change in estuary inlet regime, especially in the context of the post-1946 residential development of Brighton Spit, has important implications for town planning. Avon-Heathcote Estuary; spit tip; estuary inlet changes; urban growth; inlet regime; tidal bypassing; bar bypassing. Offprint published by DSIR, Wellington. QV Goodman, H B (1954). Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1988/12.php. Also available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 333.9164 FIN.

Fitzgerald, P (1966) Soils of Heathcote County, Canterbury, New Zealand. Report (New Zealand Soil Bureau), Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,

An Ihutai Bibliography 56 Wellington, New Zealand. 32 pp. DBCN ACR-3170. Notes: Includes chart and map.

Flanagan, James P A (1997) Formulation & calibration of a numerical model of the tidal hydraulics of McCormacks Bay. A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Engineering. University of Canterbury, Christchurch. vii, 59 pp. Notes: Bibliography p39. Under the supervision of Professor D L Wilkinson. Colour photographs of tidal levels and sketch drawings. Note also of advice and access to McCormacks Bay documents courtesy of Christchurch City Council’s Derek Carver. ‘Abstract: The experimental investigation in this report was conducted both as an indicator of the problems in McCormacks Bay, and also as a base for the calibration of a numerical model of the hydraulic characteristics of the bay. There are some issues of public concern associated with the bay at the present time [1997]. These are related to dominant algae populations and their related problems, and the desire to preserve the existing bay as a healthy marine environment. Numerical models can be a useful tool to test various management options. A component of this study involved the calibration of a numerical model, which described the response of the bay to tidal functions in the estuary. Calibration was achieved using data from measurements taken on the eighteenth of December 1996. The model was based specifically around the main central culvert running under the causeway. The model showed an increase in the depth of this culvert would increase the range of water levels in the bay by up to 23%. This is significant and would increase the tidal exchange in the bay, thereby promoting circulation.’ Chapter headings include: p1-9 : History; geography/hydrology; estuary connection; Causeway construction rationale; features and biology of the Bay including controlling factors of algal growth; environmental issues including siltation and odour; remedial works. p10-12 : Tidal characteristics of the Estuary and Bay: measurements made; equipment and experimental Methodology; water levels and velocities. p16-22 : Description of Hydraulic Model; flow regime; ebb tide; flood tide; formulae used. p24-29 : Model calibration; Bay area – water level; loss coefficient; Estuary tide; comparison of observed response. p30-34 : Hydraulic Management options; Existing conditions; options – widening the culverts; dredging the Bay; Reclaiming the Bay.

Fleming, C A (1980) The Geological History of New Zealand and its Life. Auckland/Oxford University Press, Auckland. 141 pp. ISBN 0196479754. Notes: Bibliography p115-123.

Fookes, T (1992) A guide to the Resource Management Act with particular reference to sustainable management. In: Sustainable Management and the Resource Management Act. Proceedings of a seminar held 20 February 1992 at the School of Engineering, University of Canterbury / Centre for Advanced Engineering. ISBN 0959800271. Notes: Fordyce, A M [ed.] (1985) Water in agriculture. Part 1: Allocation and management of New Zealand’s water resources. Canterbury Regional Council File No. L01C-1065. Notes:

Foster, M, Kennedy, P and Lincoln Smith, M (2002) Christchurch City Council Wastewater Treatment Plant Consents and Strategy: Expert Panel Review of state of ecology of Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Report for Christchurch City Council. 27 pp. Notes:

Francis, G, Painter, D & Williams, P (1997) Nitrogen inputs at land surfaces and groundwater Quality: review of science, policy and management: international and New Zealand. Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C-5531. Notes:

Francis, Malcolm (2001) Coastal Fishes of New Zealand: An Identification Guide. Reed Publishing, Auckland. 104 pp. ISBN 0790008017. Notes: The third edition. Identification is simplified by the collection of over 200 colour photographs of live fish in their natural habitats.

An Ihutai Bibliography 57 Freed, Dorothy (1963) Bibliography of New Zealand Marine Zoology, 1769-1899. New Zealand DSIR. Bulletin 148. Notes:

Freeman, T J, Papps, D A & Archer, H E (1996) Capacity of Christchurch wastewater treatment plant. Report to Waste Management Unit, Christchurch City Council by Beca Steven/Ch2 M Hill. Notes: Freeman, T J & Macdonald, R J (2001) Air discharges. Christchurch City wastewater discharge Technical Report No 24. Beca Stevens Ltd., Christchurch Prepared for Christchurch City Council. 26 March 2001. 53pp. + appendices. Notes: Appendix A is ’Eastern City odour survey – preliminary report’, March 1996, File No. T50-0007. Appendix B is a 1999 NZWWA Conference paper by T J Freeman and C F Needham titled ‘Odour discharges from Christchurch oxidation ponds – limitations to the methodology for assessment of effects.’ This report identifies the air discharges from the modification of the wastewater treatment plant and discusses the consenting process. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Gabites Alington & Edmondson (1981) Heathcote Catchment development: benefits and constraints. Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Notes: Gabites Porter & Partners (1988) Heathcote River catchment: policy framework for management of flood control. Catchment Planning Advisory Group. March 1988. 37pp. + appendices. Notes: R W Batty, convenor. .A plea for a coordinated approach from all local authorities to flood amelioration in the Heathcote catchment. With folding maps to rear of the Heathcote River catchment. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council), Accession No. CH633/26, item 25, box 2. Copy also on shelf at Central Library 627.409931712 HEA. Galloway, D J (1985) Flora of New Zealand: Lichens. Government Printer, Wellington. 662 pp. ISBN 0477012663. Notes: An identification manual whose keys to genera and species cover foliose, squamulose, and crustose life forms. Short notes on distribution and ecology. This volume discusses 966 taxa in 210 genera.

Gibb, E G (1981) Some aspects of the ecology and morphology of Zostera muelleri on the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. BSc(Hons) project in Botany, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Gibb, J G (1988) Impacts of ‘greenhouse’ induced sea level rise on the New Zealand coast. In: New Zealand Engineering, October 1, p5-13. Notes:

Gibb, J G (1991) Implications of greenhouse induced sea-level rise for coastal management. In: Proceedings of the 10th Australasian Conference on Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Auckland 2 - 6 December 1991, Hamilton, Water Quality Centre, DSIR Marine and Freshwater, p46-53. Notes:

Gillespie, Paul & Mclntosh, L (1992) Nutrients in sediments of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Notes: No further details.

An Ihutai Bibliography 58 Gillespie, Paul A (1993) The enrichment status of Avon-Heathcote sediments collected December 1991. Report prepared for Environment Canterbury by the Cawthron Institute, Report No. 208; Ecan Report No. U93/19, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5470, 12/03/1993. 13 pp. DBCN No. ABT-0890. Notes: A report on the seasonal micro nutrient variation in the Avon Heathcote Estuary - estuarine eutrophication. Makes reference to both Millhouse and Knox. Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 574.526365 GIL.

Gillespie, Paul A (1993) Supporting Technical Officer’s Report: general review of AEE [Assessment of Environmental Effects]. Cawthron Institute report for Canterbury Regional Council. 599. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1. A finding of significant adverse ecological effects associated with the proposed ammonia discharge. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Gilmour, A E (1964) Characteristics of Tsunamis (Seismic Sea Waves). Oceanography Institute, Wellington. Miscellaneous publication No. 12. 4pp. Notes: Gilson, M (1991) The effects of salinity on river banks and private soils. Background report for Lower Heathcote River Task Force, Christchurch. Notes: Referenced from Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility.

Gilson, M (1994) Christchurch City surface water quality data 1993-1994. A report prepared for the Christchurch City Council. Notes:

Gilson, M (1996) Christchurch City surface water quality data 1994-95. A report prepared for the Christchurch City Council by the Drainage & Waste Management Unit Laboratory. 209 pp. Notes:

Gilson, M & Mitchell, K (1999) Christchurch surface water quality data 1995 -97. Water quality trends 1986-97. A report prepared for the Christchurch City Council by the Drainage & Waste Management Unit Laboratory. Notes:

Glasson, Chris (2005) Ocean Outfall construction sites, South Brighton. Christchurch. Landscape assessment. Landscape architects Ltd., Christchurch. 13pp. Notes: From Oxidation Pond 6 to Jellicoe Street to 3 kms. out to sea. Appended to and QV Christchurch City Council (2005) Christchurch City Council…

Glennie, J (2001) Evaluation of well minimum flow options for the Avon River and the Heathcote River presented in ‘Our water in the balance: Christchurch West Melton Rivers & groundwater’ satisfy the requirements of RPS chapter 9 objective 1. Environment Canterbury, Christchurch; Ecan Report No. U01/107, Ecan Record No. PU1C/6075, 1/10/2001. Notes:

Goff, J R (2005) The environmental history of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai). NIWA. Presentation to the Christchurch City Council, Linwood, October 2005. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 59 Golder Associates Ltd. (2006) Evidence by Philip Ross to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. Golder Associates Ltd. on behalf of the Department of Conservation. May 2006. Various paginations. Notes: Huge appendices attached. Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Goodman, H B (1954) Sumner Erosion. Report of Resident Engineer, MOW&D, Christchurch. 4pp. Notes: Includes an aerial photo of the Spit and Sumner. Covers historical surveys of changes taken place within the estuary, along the coast and at Sumner. QV Findlay, R H. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys & Investigations: Box 175 (includes Sumner foreshore, sea protection, erosion, flooding), item 16/2, Part 1, 1949-1956.

Goring, D G (1991) The Tide in Canterbury. Hydrology Centre, Marine & Freshwater, DSIR, Christchurch. 25pp. Notes: Copy available at Macmillan Brown Library, University of Canterbury. The tide model is accessible from the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory at: www.pol.ac.uk/home/insight/doodsonmachine.html.

Graham Drilling Ltd. (1950) Report on a drilling programme carried out by Graham Drilling Ltd., Christchurch, in the Sumner Estuary in the month of June 1950. [14]pp. Notes: Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1674 310/005 311, Box 949. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary, Drainage Board Proposed Dredging.

Graham, K J (1969) A study of the effects of submergence on the faunal elements of McCormack’s Bay. Unpublished MSc project in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Referred to by Robb in his ‘A biological evaluation of McCormacks Bay’. Grant, Elizabeth (1999) An Illustrated Guide to Some New Zealand Insect Families. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, Canterbury. 196 pp. ISBN 0478093268. Notes: This book is a practical guide for anyone who wishes to learn more about insects in New Zealand. Line drawings and non-technical language allow the reader to easily identify and learn about many of the insects they see around them. Each of the 137 insects included in this guide is classified according to its scientific order, family, genus, species and common name. The format of the guide has illustrations on the right hand pages and accompanying text on the left. Green, J (1968) The Biology of Estuarine Animals. Sidgwick & Jackson, London. 401 pp. Notes: Green, Malcolm (2003) The dance of the turbid fringe. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 11, No. 2, June 2003. Notes: The estuary edge, wave action and the effects. Diagrams of the different wave actions at high tide. The tide model is accessible from the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory at: www.pol.ac.uk/home/insight/doodsonmachine.html. Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/ .

Green, Malcolm (2006) New Zealand’s estuaries: how they work and the issues that affect them. NIWA Information Series No. 59. 101 pp. ISSN 1174-264X. Notes: With Additional text by Mark Morrison and Anne-Maree Schwarz. A very accessible PDF, all the articles cited are appended and linked. “Over the past decade, NIWA has published many popular articles that deal with estuaries, mainly in its magazine Water & Atmosphere. Included in these articles is information on how estuaries work, the problems they are affected by, and some solutions to those problems. This overview is intended to bring together and make whole sense of the information published to date in the various popular articles. The target audience is the layperson, such as individuals who have come together in community groups to find ways to deal with particular issues. The purpose is to inform, and thereby empower individuals and groups to act. Specialists might find something of interest in here as well in the way the information is brought together. Throughout this overview you will find red links to the original articles. After you’ve read an article or publication, just use the Return to text link at the end to return to the overview. References to external websites are coloured blue; these links take you to a list of the web addresses. Click on the Bookmarks tab (to

An Ihutai Bibliography 60 the left of this document) for a linked table of contents to help you navigate. “ The Water & Atmosphere online archive is accessible at www.niwa.co.nz/pubs/wa/archive/. Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/ .

Greenland, A R (1969) Sewer temperatures. Unpublished Christchurch Drainage Board report. Notes:

Greenland, A R (1972) Avon and Heathcote River discharges, 1 June 1971–31 May 1972. Christchurch Drainage Board unpublished report. Notes Greenaway, R L N (1979) The Wild East. A bibliography of the history of the eastern suburbs of Christchurch. National Library School, Wellington. Notes: Covers those suburbs between the Styx River and the Avon Heathcote Estuary, and 4 miles inland from the Pegasus Bay coastline. Greenwood, J G et al… (1985) Reproductive biology, seasonality and distribution of Tenagomysis W. Tattersall, 1923 (Crustacea, Mysidacea) in a New Zealand estuary. In: Bulletin of Marine Science, Vol. 37, p538-555. Notes: With M B Jones and J Greenwood. Gregson, R A M & Foddy, W H (1967) Final report to the Aranui Air Pollution Research Committee, reviewing survey and related information as at May 1967. Department of Psychology & Sociology, Canterbury University, Christchurch. Notes: Gregson, R A M (1967) Notes on report of Dr Gregson on a sociological survey of the Aranui district and on a report from staff about an analysis of smell reports. Confidential memo to Christchurch Drainage Board. Notes: Greig, F (1995) The Estuary: reflecting the patterns of nature. Linwood Paddocks design study, LASC 408. Fourth year design study, Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury. Notes: Grice, Angela (2006) Section 42A Officer’s Report to the Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. Canterbury Regional Council. 40pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1. Hearing held 29, 30, 31 May 2006. References p39-40. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Griffin, J M & Thompson, S D (1992) Distribution of the tidal mudflat snail Amphibola crenata in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary Christchurch, New Zealand. Christchurch Drainage Board, Pages Road Laboratory, Christchurch City Council. Ecan Record No. LI1C/07493,. 1/02/1992. 44 pp. Notes: Copy on shelf at Central Library 594.38 GRI.

Griffiths, Nick (2005) The effect of tsunami hazard on the Avon Heathcote Estuary. Research Project, RP3, Geography Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Available at University of Canterbury.

Gunson, Dave (1983) Collins Guide to the New Zealand Seashore. Collins, Auckland. 240 pp. ISBN 0002172078. Notes: Also see Ayling, T and Morton, J.

An Ihutai Bibliography 61 Gust, Nick & Fenwick, Graham (2004) Potential impacts of the proposed Christchurch City ocean outfall on surf clams along Brighton Beach: updated report. Technical Report No. 19. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. NIWA Client Report CHC2004/063 for Christchurch City Council. NIWA Project No. CCC04507. 17pp. Notes: The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS. QV Marsden, Islay (1999)…

Gust, Nick et al… (2004) Benthos and Sediments of the Christchurch wastewater pipeline route across the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Technical Report No. 16. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. NIWA Client Report CHC2004/062 for Christchurch City Council, November 2004. NIWA Project No. CCC04507. 32pp. Notes: With Graham Fenwick, Catherine Chague-Goff, Greame Inglis and Isla Fitridge. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Guy, G (1949) Birds observed in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary during 1947-48. In: Notornis, Vol. 3, No. 4, p109. Notes: Guy, G (1950) Birds at Sumner-Heathcote Estuary, 1948-49. In: Notornis, Vol. 3, No. 8, p200. Notes: Guy, G (1952) Notes on the Heathcote-Avon Estuary. In: Notornis, Vol. 4, No. 7, p173. Notes: Haase, L J (1995) The effects of disturbance on estuarine birds. MSc thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Hadden, D (1991) Ninety-nine New Zealand Birds. Caxton Press, Christchurch. 112 pp. ISBN 090856337X. Notes: “Primarily ... birds the average New Zealander would be likely to see”. Arranged under broad habitat categories. Indexed under common names. Captions include biological and some Maori names. Hallett, David (2004) The magic of flight: birdlife on the Estuary. Photo essay. The Press, Christchurch. February 26 2004. 4pp. Notes: Supplement to The Press with location map of each species pictured. Halliday, Jane, Thrush, Simon et al… (2004) How will habitat change affect intertidal animals in estuaries? In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 12, No. 1, p19-21. Notes: With Judi Hewitt and Greig Funnell. The effect of climate change on sediment-living species. Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/.

Hamilton, Jennie (1998) Avon River drive. Environmental Policy and Planning Unit, Christchurch City Council. 1 folded sheet ([14] p.). Notes: Time 2 ½ hours, distance, 34 kilometres. 42 x 59 cm. folded to 21 x 10 cm.

An Ihutai Bibliography 62 Hamilton, V E (1946) Plan proposed for improving the Christchurch Estuary. Privately published, Scarborough, Sumner. 4pp. Notes: A pamphlet. ‘The plan set out herein was originally published by the Christchurch “Star-Sun” on 12th June 1946’. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/50. Hannah, J (1988) Analysis of mean sea level trends in New Zealand from historical tidal data. Notes:

Hannah, J (1989) Sea levels-past, present and future: Chapter 10. Report of Facts Subcommittee of the New Zealand Climate Change Programme, Wellington. Notes: QV Hannah, J (1990).

Hannah, J (1990) Analysis of mean sea level data from New Zealand for the period 1899–1988. In: Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95(B8), p12,399-12,405. Notes:

Hannah, J (1990) Sea levels: past, present and future. In: New Zealand Climate Report 1990, Bulletin 28, Royal Society of New Zealand, Wellington, p53-56. Notes: QV Hannah, J (1989).

Hancock, N & Hewitt, J (2004) Modelling the effects of muddy water on shellfish. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 12, No. 2, p16-17. Notes: Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/.

Hardaker, R E (1978) Early Paddle Steamers on the Avon River. P. Pub., R E Hardaker, Christchurch. 22 [1] leaves. ISBN 0473020904. Notes: From the 1860s to early 1900s, passenger and cargo paddle steamers struggling to eke a living from the Avon – close encounters with banks, shallows and mudflats. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, Shelf No. 386.22.

Harlow, R (1985) A Word List of South Island Maori. Linguistic Society of New Zealand Inc., Auckland. xxxi, 116 pp. ISBN 0959760369. Notes: This is an edition of a South Island Maori word-list compiled by Rev. J. Watkin. Includes index. Bibliography: pxxviii-xxxi. Available from Linguistic Society of New Zealand, c/o Dept. of English, University of Auckland.

Harmsworth, Garth (2002) Coordinated Monitoring of New Zealand Wetlands, Phase 2, Goal 2: Maori environmental performance indicators for wetland condition and trend. Landcare Research, Palmerston North. Ministry for the Environment SMF Project – 5105. May 2002. Notes: Background to Maori Environmental Monitoring Concepts; Frameworks for developing Maori indicators; Maori wetland indicators for national application. The Phase 2 project July 2000–June 2002 was to provide nationally consistent indicators and tools for coordinated monitoring of wetland condition and trend in New Zealand. This work continued from that carried out in the Phase 1 wetlands project 1998–1999, which established wetland classifications and iwi relationships.

Harris Consulting Ltd. (2003) Climate change case study: assessment of the impacts of sea level rise on floodplain management planning for the Avon River. Harris Consulting Ltd. in conjunction with Christchurch City Council. viii, 49pp. Notes: Prepared for the New Zealand Climate Change Office, Ministry for the Environment. Impacts assessed on the Avon River, the Estuary and its surrounds including the ocean beach along Brighton Spit. Accessible at www.climatechange.govt.nz/resources/ local-govt/avon-river-floodplain.pdf.

Harris, R & Crossland, A (1990) The Avon-Heathcote Estuary: wildlife and recreation potential of the western margins. Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council. 32 pp.

An Ihutai Bibliography 63 Notes: Referenced from Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility.

Harris, R (1992) A sense of place and time. In: The Estuary : where our rivers meet the sea : Christchurch’s Avon-Heathcote Estuary and Brooklands Lagoon, S J Owen [ed.], Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch, p1-5; DBCN No. ABO-2132; ISBN 0473015951. Notes:

Harris, R (1992) As it was: early Maori and European settlement. In: The Estuary: Where Our Rivers Meet the Sea, S J Owen [ed.], Christchurch, Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council, p10-27. DBCN No. ABO-2132; ISBN 0473015951. Notes:

Harris, Rob [ed.] (1992) Handbook of Environmental Law. Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand, Wellington. 608 pp. ISBN 0959785183. Notes: QV Milne, C D A.

Harrison, Peter (1983) Seabirds: An Identification Guide. Croom Helm Ltd. and A. H. & A. W. Reed, Auckland. 448 pp. ISBN 070991207. Notes: Complete guide to the seabirds of the world with 1600 birds illustrated in colour and 324 distribution maps. Harrison, Raymond J (1991) Ebb and Flow: A Centennial History of the Christchurch Yacht Club. 1891-1991. Christchurch Yacht Club, Christchurch. (vi), 188 pp. ISBN 0473012758. Notes: With folding sketch map of the Estuary to inside of rear cover. A diversity of craft, the personalities, the trophies and the races, the historic, sometimes tragic and nautical connections with the Avon Heathcote Estuary. Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 797.12406 HAR. QV Beanland, W H (1950). Harrison, S P A (1976) Holocene stratigraphy of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Unpublished BSc. (Hons) thesis in Geology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Hartley, W A (1971) Sodium balance in the euryhaline yellow-belly flounder, Rhombosolea leporina. Unpublished B.Sc.(Hons) project in zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Hawes, I & O’Brien, R (2000) Contribution to the assessment of the effects of the Bromley oxidation ponds effluent on the Avon-Heathcote Estuary: modelling the growth of sea lettuce in the estuary. Technical Report No.11. NIWA Client Report No. CHC00/19 for Woodward-Clyde (NZ) Ltd.. Project No. WCL90508. 57pp. Notes: Sea lettuce can be a significant nuisance to people living near the Estuary or those using it or nearby ocean beaches for recreation. This report describes studies done to predict the effects of four scenarios of purification or removal of the wastewater from the Estuary. It concludes that complete removal of the wastewater from the Estuary would reduce the sea lettuce by up to 50 per cent in some high-growth locations, but overall the reduction would only be about 20 per cent. It also concludes that there would still be the potential for significant growth of sea lettuce even with complete removal of the wastewater and a large reduction in nutrient loads from the two rivers. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Hawes, I (1999) Effects of the Bromley oxidation ponds effluent on colour, clarity and oxygen concentrations in the water of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. NIWA Client Report NO. CHC99/20. 6 pp. Notes: New field studies demonstrated that, as the treatment pond effluent mixes with Estuary water, it colours the Estuary water green without reducing clarity, and while reducing salinity within the mixing zone it does not deplete the dissolved oxygen.

An Ihutai Bibliography 64 Hawkins, D N (1957) Beyond the Waimakariri: A Regional History. Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch. viii, 465 pp. Notes: “History deals ... with Eyre, Rangiora, Kowai, Ashley and Oxford counties and the boroughs of Rangiora and Kaiapoi”. Includes index. Bibliography: p[427] - 429. Also a 1978 edition and a third edition of 2001. Hay, R L (1988) Studies on heavy metals in the sediments of a stormwater drain and the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Hayes, F R (1964) The mud-water interface. In: Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual, Vol. 2, p121-145. Notes: Hayes, L M (1989) Feeding behaviour of New Zealand kingfishers at an estuary in winter. In: Notornis, Vol. 36, No. 2, June 1989. Notes: Hayes, M B (1973) Bacteriological survey of estuary waters. Report and letter to Christchurch Drainage Board, May 1972-April 1973. Notes: Haynes, R J (19??) Leaching of nitrate from New Zealand soils. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7548. Notes:

Hayman, P, Marchant, J & Prater, T (1986) Shorebirds: An Identification Guide to the Waders of the World. Croon Helm, London. Notes: Healey, A J & Edgar, E (1980) Flora. of New Zealand: Volume III. Introduced monocots except grasses. Government Printer, Wellington. 220 pp. ISBN 0477010415. Notes: Describes the introduced wild plants belonging to the rush, sedge, lily, iris, arum and related families, but excluding grasses.

Healy, T R & Kirk, R M (1992) Coasts. In: Landforms of New Zealand, J M Soons, & M J Selby [eds], Longman Paul Ltd., Auckland, p161-186. Notes: Heaps, D A (1971) Factors influencing the external respiration of the Fissurellid Gastropod, Scutus breviculus. Unpublished B.Sc.(Hons) project in zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Heath, R A (1975) Stability of some New Zealand coastal inlets. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 9, p449-456. Notes: Heathcote Catchment Board (1988) Heathcote Catchment submissions. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-2915. Notes: Heathcote-Ferrymead News (1989) Newspaper. Huge Oaks Publishing, Christchurch. 1989-1990. ISSN 1700874. Notes: Began with August 1989; ceased with June 1990. Continued as Heathcote County News.

An Ihutai Bibliography 65 Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility. Report for the drainage and Waste Manager, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: QV Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1991).

Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility. Executive summary. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes:

Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1991) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure. Feasibility report. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-6796. Notes: QV Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990)

Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1991) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure feasibility: technical report 1, ecological studies. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-6797. Notes: Ecology references p68-69 and social references p70-72. Covers ecological processes, social context and river hydraulics and control. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand room, Shelf No. 333.91620993836 HEA.

Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1991) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure feasibility: technical report 2, social studies. Boffa Miskell Partners in association with Christchurch City Council Drainage and Waste Management Unit; Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-6798. Notes:

Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1991) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure feasibility: technical report 3, engineering studies. Design Services Unit, Christchurch City Council & Boffa Miskell Partners. Notes:

Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1991) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure feasibility: technical report 4, cost benefit analysis. Design Services Unit, Christchurch City Council & Boffa Miskell Partners. Notes:

Hector, J (1869) On the recent earthquakes and wave phenomena observed in New Zealand. In: Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, Vol. 1, p93- 103. Notes:

Henderson, John (1981) Estuary [kit]. Photo Life Studios, Papatoetoe. [21eaves of photographs + teacher’s notes]. Notes: New Zealand estuary photographs designed for school use. Henderson, T (1992) Micro-organisms in cockles from the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Notes: No further details. Hercus, A I (1942) A city built on a swamp - the story of the drainage of Christchurch 1850-1903. MA thesis, Department of History, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: QV Hercus, A I (1948).

An Ihutai Bibliography 66 Hercus, A I (1948) A City built Upon a Swamp: The story of the drainage of Christchurch 1850-1903: with epilogue 1903-1936. Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1079. Notes: Derived from the above 1942 thesis (QV). The work covers primarily the work of the Drainage Board up to 1903, but also discusses the choice of the site of Christchurch and drainage of the city prior to the formation of the Board. An appendix lists pipe-laying contracts which make it possible to trace the growth of the city, and extension of the sewers, through time. Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 352.6 HER. QV Clark, William (1878), Hercus, A I (1942) and Wilson, John Christchurch: Swamp to City…

Hertel, I, et al… (1998) Background report for the Woolston-Heathcote Groundwater Users meeting of 7 September 1998. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/60. 27pp. + appendices. Notes: With Griffiths, E, Ettema, M & Daly, A. QV Weeber, J H (1993)… Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.91040993838 BAC.

Hertel, I (1998) Groundwater contamination in the Heathcote-Woolston area, Christchurch. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc(Hons), University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7792. Notes:

Hewitt, J (2002) Effect of increased suspended sediment on suspension-feeding shellfish. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 10, No. 4, p26-27. Notes: Also see: http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/

Hicks, D M & Hume, T M (1991) Sand storage at New Zealand’s tidal inlets. In: Proceedings 10th Australasian Conference on Coastal and Ocean Engineering, DSIR Water Quality Centre Publication 21, p213-219. Notes: Hicks, D M (1993) Sedimentation and erosion in the Avon-Heathcote catchment and estuary. Report prepared for Environment Canterbury by the New Zealand Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). NIWA Miscellaneous Report No. 27. Ecan Report No. U93/13, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5311, 1/03/1993. 83 [9] pp. Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 551.3530993837 HIC. Hicks, D M (1997) Evidence for presentation to a Commissioner appointed by Canterbury Regional Council and Christchurch City Council in the matter of the Resource Management Act 1991. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: The matter of applications for resource consent for the relocation of the Kibblewhite Reserve stopbank. Hicks reviews the pattern of erosion over some 70 years and their probable causes. QV Vodder, C. Hicks, D M & Cooper, G (2006) Sediment characteristics and sources in the Upper Avon River and tributaries: reconnaissance survey. NIWA, Christchurch, March 2006. Report for Christchurch City Council. c45pp. Notes: This is the first phase of (potentially) several reports to determine sources of sediment, whether it is likely to be able to removed, etc.

Hight, J & Straubel, C R [eds] (1957) A History of Canterbury: Volume 1. Canterbury Centennial Historical and Literary Committee and Whitcombe & Tombs, Christchurch. xiv + 287pp. Notes: To 1854. The land of Canterbury by G. Jobberns. Maori and European to 1850 by C. R. Straubel. The Canterbury Association and its settlement by L. C. Webb. Includes indices and bibliographical references p[251] - 268. Also see Phillips, N C et al. The first of a 3 volume history of the settlement of Canterbury.

An Ihutai Bibliography 67 Hobday, Colonel H S E (1915) Permission to sink well in Estuary. On behalf of Morton’s Trustees, Christchurch. February 1915. Notes: Sketch map of the well site attached – Estuary of the Avon and Heathcote rivers by Patterson & Newton, Christchurch, 31st October 1912, a copy of MD 3982 (plus copy of MD 3937 of 16th August 1912) also. Sited opposite Mt Pleasant Road and Andrew’s Old Quarry. QV New Zealand Gazette (1919)… Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAH A2-1665, 310. Box 947. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary. 1890  1929.

Holland, P & Trower, T (1992) Organochlorine and hydrocarbon contaminants in the Avon and Heathcote River and Estuary system: Part 1: Sediment and Water samples. Part II: Cockle Samples. Report prepared for Environment Canterbury by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries; Ecan Report No. U92/10, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5554, 1/06/1992. 22 pp. Notes:

Hogan, D J & Wilkinson, L (19??) The Avon-Heathcote Estuary: a current appraisal. Notes: No further details.

Hogan, D J & Wilkinson, L (1959) A survey of pollution in the Avon and Heathcote Rivers, Christchurch, New Zealand. Reprint from the New Zealand Journal of Science, Vol. 2, No. 4, p506-529. Ecan Record No. LI1C/0260, 1/12/1959. 13 pp. Notes: Also quoted as NZ Jl. Sci. 11:4, 1959.

Holder-Lunn, Heather (2006) Strengthening and reinforcing Ferrymead Bridge. City Solutions for Christchurch City Council. Christchurch. June 2006. 67 pp. Notes: Resource Consent Application for a Lifelines Protection Project. 5 maps and plans appended. Assessment of the human costs of a tsunami or earthquake on a suburban lifeline and how to mitigate impact on habitat and fauna biodiversity. Includes description of the Avon Heathcote Estuary environment.

Holland, Ivan & Johnson, Simon [prepared by] (2005) Annual Environmental Incidents and Enforcement Report. 1 July – 30 June 2005. Environment Canterbury, Christchurch. Report No. Ro5/28. January 2006. 36 pp. ISBN 1869375815. Notes: Includes oil discharge into Curletts Drain and the Heathcote River and sedimentation of McCormacks Bay.

Horn, Peter L (1982) Adaptations of the chiton Sypharochiton pelliserpentis to rocky and estuarine habitats. Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 16, p253-261. Notes: Various morphological and physiological features of Sypharochiton pelliserpentis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) were examined in relation to the different physico-chemical characteristics experienced at 4 sites on Kaikoura Peninsula and 2 sites in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Body water content of chitons from high-shore exposed and estuarine rocky sites was significantly greater (P<0.005) and desiccation rates were significantly less (P<0.05) than those of chitons from low-shore marine sites and an estuarine mudflat. The percentage of body water loss causing death was greatest for high-shore marine chitons and least for estuarine chitons. Estuarine chitons had relatively more gill tissue than marine individuals. Body shape appeared to be correlated with intensity of wave action, and narrow animals were found in more wave-exposed areas. Variations in radula length showed no clear-cut trends among localities. Sypharochiton pelliserpentis; Poly-placophora; intertidal environment; estuaries; adaptations; morphology; physiology; marine ecology. Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1982/26.php.

Horrell, G A, Dicker, M J I, Pilbrow, R D & McFall (1998) 1997/98 drought in the Canterbury Region. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98(31). Notes:

Horrell, G A (2001) Avon Heathcote River impacts of low flow management options upon dry riverbed and tributary flow. Environment Canterbury, Christchurch. Ecan Report No. U01/105, Ecan Record No. PU1C/6072, 1/12/2001. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 68

Hoskins, R H (1966) A study of littoral microbenthos from soft substrata. Unpublished B.Sc.(Hons) project in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Extract:

Howard, A P H (19??) Handbook of environmental fate and exposure data for organic chemicals: Vol. 1 – Pesticides. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-5892. Notes:

Howard-Williams, C & Schwarz, A M (1994) Observations of aquatic weeds at Kerrs Reach in July 1993. NIWA ,Christchurch, Miscellaneous Report # 165. Notes:

Huish, Gary (2005) Christchurch City Council - Ocean Outfall Pipeline: Transport Assessment. Traffic Design Group, URS (New Zealand) Ltd., Christchurch. for Christchurch City Council. 8pp. Notes: Appended to and QV Christchurch City Council (2005) Christchurch City Council…

Hume, T M & Bell, R G (1993) Methods for determining tidal flows & material fluxes in estuarine cross-sections. Water Quality Centre, Ecosystems Division, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton. iii, 43, [12] pp. ISBN 0477026524. Notes: Water Quality Centre publication No. 22.

Hume, T M & Herdendorf, C E (1988) A geomorphic classification of estuaries and its application to coastal resource management – a New Zealand example. In: Journal of Ocean and Shoreline Management 11, p249–274. Notes: This work is part of the FRST-funded research programmes “Effects of Sediments on Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems” and “Physical Processes Affecting Estuaries, Coasts and the Continental Shelf.”

Hume, Terry & Swale, Andrew (2003) How estuaries grow old. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 11, No. 1, March 2003. Notes: The formation of estuaries and the potential for them to eventually fill up with sediment and die. Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/.

Hunt, H P (1966) Estuary development. Notes: Neither author nor title found in a search of the University of Canterbury Library or the Lincoln University Library. Hunt, H P (1972) Estuary of the Avon Heathcote Rivers. Unpublished Notes: Neither author nor title found in a search of the University of Canterbury Library or the Lincoln University Library.

Hunt, H P (1975) Operation of the Bromley sewage treatment works 1973-74. Unpublished report to Christchurch Drainage Board. Notes:

Hunt, H P (1976) Christchurch Drainage Board sewage treatment works at Bromley. Unpublished report to Christchurch Drainage Board. Notes:

Hunt, H P (1985) Heathcote River catchment investigation: stage 2. Management plan options, flood levels & storm flows, channel & environment, flood control & retention. Design and Planning Division, Christchurch Drainage Board. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1976. September 1985. 187pp. Notes: Large landscape format. Hunt was Chief Engineer, CDB. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch.

An Ihutai Bibliography 69 Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council), Accession No. CH633/162. Copy also on shelf at Central Library 627.409931712 CHR.

Hutchison, Alisdair H (1972) Resource management in the estuarine environment. A case study, the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. Thesis in partial fulfilment of the degree of MSc in Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. DBCN No. AAY-6890. Notes: A re-evaluation of the “Man-Environment relationship”. Copies available at ANZC Stack, Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 627.124 HUT and at Sumner Library, Shelf No. 627.124 HUT.

Hyde, Charles G & Caldwell, David H (1954) A report upon the collection, treatment and disposal of the sewage of the Christchurch Drainage District. Brown & Caldwell, Engineers, San Francisco, California. 8pp. Notes: Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, box 5, item 96. Hydraulic Research Station (1970) Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Part 1. Model studies of flood alleviation. Hydraulic Research Station, Wallingford, England. Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board. Report No. EX509. July 1970. 72 [2]pp. Notes: Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/45. This box also contains extensive correspondence leading up to this report between Royds Sutherland and Evans & McLeay and the Ministry of Technology , Hydraulic Research Station in Wallingford. Much discussion in this box also on the Heathcote cut-off channel, the estuary barrage, estuary drainage and the Redcliffs barrier. Also in item 16/2, Part 3 there are notes of 4 July 1972 from the Christchurch Drainage Board regarding answers to queries raised regarding the Wallingford report and a report on additional tests carried out. Of note – the Wallingford Report was agreed to be withheld from general circulation until the Knox Report had been first studied. Copies on shelf at Central Library 627.124 HYD. QV Royds, Sutherland and McLeay (1971). Hydraulic Research Station (1970) Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Part 1, Supplementary Tables. Hydraulic Research Station, Wallingford, England. Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board. Report No. EX509. July 1970. Unpaginated. Notes: 50+ pages. Plates of aerial photographs and models, with tables, figures and maps. Copies on shelf at Central Library 627.124 HYD. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/46. This box also contains extensive correspondence leading up to this report between Royds Sutherland and Evans & McLeay and the Ministry of Technology, Hydraulic Research Station in Wallingford. Much discussion in this box also on the Heathcote cut-off channel, the estuary barrage, estuary drainage and the Redcliffs barrier. Also in item 16/2, Part 3 there are notes of 4 July 1972 from the Christchurch Drainage Board regarding answers to queries raised regarding the Wallingford report and a report on additional tests carried out. Of note – the Wallingford Report was agreed to be withheld from general circulation until the Knox Report had been first studied. QV Royds, Sutherland and McLeay (1971). Hydraulic Research Station (1970) Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Part 2. Hydraulic Research Station, Wallingford, England. Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board. August 1970. 25pp. Notes: References p25. With 8 figures and section of black & white plates appended. Copies on shelf at Central Library 627.124 HYD. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/47. This box also contains extensive correspondence leading up to this report between Royds Sutherland and Evans & McLeay and the Ministry of Technology , Hydraulic Research Station in Wallingford. Much discussion in this box also on the Heathcote cut-off channel, the estuary barrage, estuary drainage and the Redcliffs barrier. Also in item 16/2, Part 3 there are notes of 4 July 1972 from the Christchurch Drainage Board regarding answers to queries raised regarding the Wallingford report and a report on additional tests carried out. Of note – the Wallingford Report was agreed to be withheld from general circulation until the Knox Report had been first studied. QV Royds, Sutherland and McLeay (1971). Ince, John A (1998) A City of Bridges: A History of Bridges over the Avon and Heathcote Rivers in Christchurch. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 188 pp. ISBN 0958369615. Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p183-184) and index.

An Ihutai Bibliography 70

Ingles, Allen (2003) Report No. 1: Ocean outfall pipeline routes. Prepared for Christchurch City Council, reviewed by Cliff Tipler. Christchurch, URS New Zealand. 3 February 2003. 48227/038/0300/6000/Ro81A. DOC. Various paginations [20pp]. Notes: Includes the technical aspects, environmental issues and social issues and covers locations – Bridge, Batty, Jellicoe, Caspian, Godwit and Heron Streets. This and the following Pdf. file reports are also available at http://www.ccc.govt.nz/HaveYourSay/OceanOutfall/RelatedInfo/Reports.asp. Ocean Outfall Pipeline: Pipe Length and UV Disinfection, 13 July 2004; CWTP Ocean Outfall pipeline update, 2 April 2004; Sustainable Transport Ocean Outfall Pipe Route, 4 December 2003; Sustainable Transport Ocean Outfall Pipe Route, 25 November 2003; CWTP Pipeline Route Options for Wastewater Effluent Discharge, 8 April 2003; Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant: Resource Consent Pipe Route, 21 July 2003; Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant: Resource Consent Pipe Route, 24 July 2003; Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant: Resource Consent Pipe Route, 8 July 2003. Hard copy available at Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ING.

Inglis, G (2001) Christchurch Wastewater Consent Application submissions and evidence; evidence of G. Inglis. Notes: Copy in ECan records. No further details.

Innes, K & Bradshaw, M (1992) Botanical survey of the Bexley Wetland. Unpublished report to Christchurch City Council Drainage and Waste Management Unit. Notes: Describes and discusses the vegetation in Bexley Wetland. Not viewed, referenced from bibliography in Tipler, C J M, et al… (1999).

Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences (1996) The usefulness of Nitrate Isotope measurements in groundwater contamination studies. Canterbury Regional Council Publication Series PL1C-5379. Notes:

Jacobs, Warren (1983) New Zealand Birds. Kowhai Publishing, Christchurch. 111 pp. ISBN 0908598106. Notes: Photographic contributors include Don Brathwaite, Don Hadden and John Warham.

Jacobson, M (1985) Heathcote River- unsteady state flood flow modelling. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1385. Notes:

James, B (1993) The Maori Relationship with the Environment. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 17 pp. ISBN 0478015186. Notes: Kaitiakitanga: a definitive introduction to the holistic world view of the Maori. “Prepared as part of Department of Conservation research grant 154.3”. This report forms part of the Environmental Attitudes Project, jointly funded by the Wellington Regional Council and the Department of Conservation. Publication No. WRC/PP-G-93/29. Includes bibliographical references p17.

James, Gavin (1999) Fish resources of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and inshore Pegasus Bay: current knowledge and assessment of effects of treated effluent discharges. Technical Report No. 18. NIWA Client Report No. CHC99/36 for Christchurch City Council by NIWA, Christchurch. 19 pp. Notes: References p16-19. The report examines existing information (from up to 30 years prior) and, while surveys are light on numbers, it seems there have been marked declines in the population of some species in the last three decades. It states that it would be difficult to predict the impact of changes in the wastewater and suggests doing an extensive baseline survey to help evaluate that. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

James, Gavin (1999) Fish Resources of the Avon Heathcote Estuary and inshore Pegasus Bay: current knowledge and assessment of effects of treated effluent discharges. Technical Report No. 13. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline.

An Ihutai Bibliography 71 NIWA Client Report CHC99/36 for Christchurch City Council. NIWA Project No. WCC90504. June 1999. 18pp. Notes: The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… The need for a quantitative survey of fishes in the vicinity of the outfall raised by this report has been re-addresses more fully in James, Gavin & Gust, Nick (2004) – QV. Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

James, Gavin & Gust, Nick (2004) Potential impacts of the Christchurch ocean outfall pipeline on fish and fisheries in inshore Pegasus Bay. Technical Report No. 12. NIWA Client Report CHC2004-064, November 2004, for Christchurch City Council. NIWA Project No. CCC 04507. 20pp. Notes: Extensive reference list p17-28. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… QV James, Gavin (2004). Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

James, G (2006) Assessment of fish populations in the Avon Heathcote Estuary, 2005. NIWA Client Report CHC2006-031, Christchurch. For Christchurch City Council. Notes:

Jickell, Samuel (1917) Christchurch Harbour Scheme. No imprint. February 1917. 4 pp. Notes: A harbour basin at Heathcote and a channel to Sumner Head. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. . QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Cotton, R B; Coode, Son & Mathews; Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J.

Johnson, P & Brooke, P (1998) Wetland Plants in New Zealand. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, Canterbury. xii, 317 pp., [9] pp. of plates. ISBN 0478093217. Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p.296-297) and indexes. 1989 first edition from DSIR Publishing, Wellington, 1989. Johnson, Peter & Gerbeaux, Philippe (2004) Wetland Types in New Zealand. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 184 pp. ISBN 0478226047. Notes: Describes a recently-devised system for classifying and naming New Zealand wetland types, and provides and understanding of how wetlands work. The authors sought to develop a coordinated approach and standardised eco- classification to facilitate international reporting. The system they have developed allows for wetlands to be recognised at several sequential levels of a hierarchy, from broadly defined hydrosystems, to wetland classes, then structural classes of vegetation, and finally wetland ‘types’ distinguished by the composition of dominant plants. This book focuses on inland freshwater wetlands, those near coastal estuaries, and those of lake and river margins.

Johnson, R (1981) Rat Island Nature Reserve and Recreation Zone. [Part V, Recreation 3 and 5]. Hearing No. 27, Christchurch. 3pp. Notes: Rezoning a wetland at the Pleasant Point Yacht Club/Rat Island, from Zone 3 to 5 and removing the reclamation designation. Scheme Plan attached and dated 1978. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Transport, Christchurch material. Accession No. CH939, item 43/32/0 Part 1, Box 4. Harbours – Heathcote and Avon Estuary – General. 1977-1985. I note a Christchurch City Council issues paper/inter-department memo, 3pp., of April 1989 Avon Heathcote Estuary revision of Town Planning provisions, map attached. Also referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Department of Conservation, Christchurch. CH603, Item N1/411/2, Box 1 – Avon Heathcote Estuary, 1987  1989. QV Christchurch City Council (1987).

Jolly, J N (1971) Feeding and burrowing behaviour of Amphibola crenata. MSc project in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 72 Jones, G D (2006) Statement of evidence to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. SLW 1083988.05. 13pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Jones, M B (1976) Limiting factors in the distribution of intertidal crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine Freshwater Research, Vol. 10, p577-587. Notes: The distributions of the brachyuran crabs Helice crassa Dana, 1851, Hemi-grapsus crenulatus (Milne Edwards, 1837), Cyclograpsus lavauxi Milne Edwards, 1853, Macro phthalmus hirtipes (Jacquinot, 1853), and Halicarcinus white! (Miers, 1876) (Crustacea: Decapoda), and of the common half crab, Petrolisthes elongatus (Milne Edwards, 1837) (Decapoda: Anomura), were recorded in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. Experiments on the effects of salinity and substrate were undertaken. Low salinity and particle size of the substrate may limit the distributions of other crabs in the estuary. Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1976/46.php. Hard copy available at University of Canterbury, Photocopy R6320. Jones, M B (1983) Animals of the Estuary Shore: Illustrated Guide and Ecology. University of Canterbury Publication No. 32. 162 pp. ISBN 0900392320. Notes: Primarily a guide to the identification and ecology of the shore animals of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. References p149-152. Copy available at Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 577.78 JON. Also see his ‘Life in the Estuary’ with Islay Marsden.

Jones, M B (1989) Distribution, body size, and brood characteristics of four species of mysids (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, New Zealand. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 23, p195-199. Notes: With J G Greenwood and J Greenwood. Four species of mysids are resident in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. Tenago-mysis macropsis is by far the most abundant daytime species and has a wide distribution, not linearly correlated with salinity. Tenagomysis novae-zealandiae and T. chiltoni are much less abundant, increase in number toward the upper estuarine region, and (especially T. chiltoni) have distributions significantly correlated with salinity (P < 0.05-0.001). T. chiltoni has a spring/summer population maximum. Gastrosaccus australis appears to be an obligate nocturnal plankter and its; distribution in the system is unresolved. The largest mysid was T. chiltoni and the smallest T. novae-zealandiae, although there was considerable intraspecific size variation. Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1989/23.php

Jones, M B & Marsden, Islay (2005) Life in the Estuary: Illustrated Guide and Ecology. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. June 2005. 179 pp. ISBN 01877257 15X. Notes: A much revised, expanded and redesigned version of the early M B Jones entry ‘Animals of the Estuary’. With a contribution on the birds by Richard Holdaway. Provides keys and illustrations to identify many common species of plants and animals, including invertebrates, birds and fish. References p166-172. Jones, S (1978) Investigation into the Christchurch treatment works pipeline from Pond No. 6 to Estuary Low Flow Channel. Christchurch Drainage Board. Notes: No further details. Jones, V (1991) The effects of harassment on estuary birds. BSc(Hons) thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Julian, T J W (1983) Short History of Sumner/Redcliffs Returned Services Assn., Wakefield Avenue, Sumner. On the occasion of the Associations 50th anniversary. The Returned Services Association, Christchurch. Notes:

Juniper, S K (1982) Regulation of microbial production in intertidal mudflats - the role of Amphibola crenata, a deposit feeding gastropod. PhD thesis in Zoology,

An Ihutai Bibliography 73 University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Kadlec, R H & Knight, R L (1996) Treatment Wetlands. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 893 pp. ISBN 0873719301. Notes: Kearton, P M (1984) The distribution and relationships of the predatory whelk Cominella glandiformis with some selected intertidal mudflat gastropods in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. MSc thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Keller, J (1992) Wetland policy: the need for change. MSc Thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 59 pp. + appendices. Notes: Bibliography p56-59.

Keller, J (1992) Historic values of the Avon-Heathcote Rivers and Estuary. Notes: Possibly prepared for the Environmental Planning and Policy Unit, Christchurch City Council. Keller, J (1992) Landscape values of the Avon-Heathcote Rivers and Estuary. Notes: Possibly prepared for the Environmental Planning and Policy Unit, Christchurch City Council. Keller, J (1992) Recreational value of the Avon-Heathcote Rivers and Estuary. Notes: Possibly prepared for the Environmental Planning and Policy Unit, Christchurch City Council. Keller, J (1992) Riparian values of the Avon-Heathcote Rivers and Estuary. Notes: Possibly prepared for the Environmental Planning and Policy Unit, Christchurch City Council. Kerr, Tim [prepared by] (1991) The Causeway cycleway: a report on the implications of poorly conceived cycleway design. Presented to the Coroners Court, Christchurch, December, 1991. 26 leaves. Notes: Following a cycling fatality, an indepth investigation carried out by a cyclist and cycling administrator with a Diploma in Recreation and Sport and a degree in Business Studies. Many concerns raised regarding impact and effect of the culvert and surrounds and potholes associated with. B7w photographs throughout, illustrative of points made. Available from T. Kerr, P.O. Box 17562, Christchurch and Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 711.70993171KER. Kettle, P R (1969) Nematodes from the Heathcote-Avon Estuary. Unpublished B.Sc.(Hons) project in zoology. University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Kilner, A R (1969) Distributions of Amphibola crenata and Zediloma subrostrata in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. MSc project in zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Kilner, A R (1974) The biology of age 0+ sand flounder, Rhombosolea plebeia, in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. MSc thesis in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: I note Kilner’s MSc Progress Report Update, referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys & Investigations: Box 175, item 16/2, Part 3, 1969- 1977.

Kimsey, M B (1996) Implementation guidance for the groundwater quality standards. Washington State Department of Ecology; Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-6793. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 74 Kingett Mitchell Ltd. (2003) Evaluation of the benthic fauna and sediment quality off New Brighton Beach. Technical Report No.17. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Kingett Mitchell Ltd., Auckland for Christchurch City Council. August 2003. 55pp. Notes: KM reference 500252/ChchOutfall5. References p53-55. With appendices of sample positions and biological data derived. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Kingett Mitchell Ltd. (2004) Evaluation of the benthic fauna and sediment quality off New Brighton Beach. Survey 2004. Technical Report No. 18. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Kingett Mitchell Ltd., Auckland for Christchurch City Council. 53pp. Notes: KM reference 500253/Chch_Baseline. Covers environmental and seabed characteristics, sediment quality and Benthic ecology. References p50-53. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Kinsky, F C (1970) Annotated Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. A. H. & A. W. Reed for the New Zealand Ornithological Society. 96 pp. (with 2 maps appended). ISBN 0589000217. Notes: Includes the birds of the Ross Dependency. The taxonomic authority of its time.

Kirk, R M (1967) Beach morphology and sediments of the Canterbury Bight. Unpublished MA thesis, Geography, University of Canterbury. 173pp. Notes: Copy available at University of Canterbury, Central Library.

Kirk, R M (1978) Coastal erosion processes and shoreline stability along South Brighton spit 1964-1977. Unpublished report for Morris and Wilson, Consulting Engineers Ltd, Christchurch. 25 pp. Notes:

Kirk, R M (1979) Dynamics and management of sand beaches in southern Pegasus Bay. Unpublished report to Christchurch Area Metropolitan Authorities by Morris & Wilson Consulting Engineers Ltd, Christchurch. 121pp. [Findlay, R H, & Kirk, R M (1988) Post 1847… gives this as 173pp.] Notes: Foredunes are the best form of protection and the level offered is effected by the foredune erosion or growth. “No development should have been allowed in this active zone” and Kirk suggests, long-term, the removal of all assets and facilities from the zone. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys & Investigations: Box 175, item 16/2, Part 4, 1977-1984.

Knox, G A (1951) A guide to the families and genera of New Zealand polychaetes. In: Tuatara, Vol. 4, p63-85. Notes:

Knox, G A (1960) The polychaetous annelids of New Zealand, Part 1. Glyceridae. In: Records of the Canterbury Museum, Vol. 7, p219-232. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 75 Knox, G A [ed.] (1969) The Natural History of Canterbury. Reed, Wellington. 620pp. Notes: 36 sections by various authors, covering every aspect of the natural history of the area. First published in a much reduced format in 1927 by the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury. This volume was published as a permanent reminder of the centennial of Canterbury Branch of the Royal Society of New Zealand. Includes bibliographical references and index. Also see Knox’s ‘Beaches’ from this book, p524-535. Knox, G A (1971) The biology of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary: report on progress made during the period May 1968 - February 1969; Progress report March 1970 - March 1971. Reports for the Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Notes: The 1968-69 report (4pp.) includes mentions of 3 monthly survey of green algae distribution; nitrogen and phosphorus content of green algae; sediment distribution; nutrients within estuary; spartina distribution; BSc (Hons) projects underway. The 1970-1971 report reviews research work of the previous 40 years, present status of flora and fauna regarding pollution and eutrophication, likely changes in the drainage patterns and its effects on the flora and fauna and also if the proposed barrage was erected for flood control. Includes Green’s study of the green algae, Knox and others water analysis, Steffensen’s ecology of the green algae, Vollers sediment and salinity studies, Kilner’s study of juvenile flounder, etc. See all references in this bibliography. 1968-1969 report is referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Transport, Christchurch material. Accession No. CH939 or [153?], item 54/29/4. Foreshores – Construction of a Barrage – Estuary of Avon and Heathcote Rivers, 1967  1974. 1970-1971 report is referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys & Investigations: Box 175, item 16/2, Part 3, 1969-1977.

Knox, G A (1971) ‘The polluted estuary’. In: The Listener, Wellington, July 5, 1971. Notes:

Knox, G A (19??) Research results and management recommendations for the Avon Heathcote Estuary. Extract (p95-114) from conference papers from unidentified conference. Ecan Record No. LI1C/0599, 20 pp. Notes: The extract relates to: Session 3 - Technical Approaches : Estuaries and Harbour Waterfronts. A brief account is given of the aims and terms of reference of the intensive study of the ecology of the Avon Heathcote Estuary which took place from 1968-1973. The physical features, hydrology and dispersal of effluent from the Bromley Oxidation Ponds, are outlined. Details are given of nutrient contributions to the Estuary from non-marine sources. The biological implications of proposed barrier and dredging schemes for flood control are discussed. Requirements for the future management of the estuary are outlined and a set of goals and objectives for such management are given. Date needs to be established.

Knox, G A & Green, K M (1972) The polychaetous annelids of New Zealand. Part 2. Lumbrineridae. In: Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Vol. 2, p69-81. Notes:

Knox, G A & Kilner, A R (1973) Extracts from the ecology of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series No. L01C-5001. Notes:

Knox, G A, Kilner, A R, Campbell, W H ...[et al.] (1973) The ecology of the Avon- Heathcote Estuary. Report No. 1, Estuarine Research Unit, University of Canterbury. Unpublished report for the Christchurch Drainage Board; Canterbury Regional Council Library Series No. L01C-6373; Ecan Record No. LI1C/1198, (xxxvi) 358 pp. 1/10/1973. Notes: With contributions by J. A. Robb, D. A. Steffensen, and R. W. Voller. Hydrology, sediments, nutrients, algal growth, biota, flood control, management. References p313 and p337. Copies on shelf at Central Library 574.5263 KNO. I note the correspondence found at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch, Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys & Investigations: Box 175, item 16/2, Part 3, 1969-1977 that provides background to the 1972 pressure for this report and who was going to pay for it. Of note – the Wallingford Report was agreed to be withheld from general circulation until the Knox Report had been first studied. QV Knox, G A (1992)…

Knox, G A (1980) The estuarine zone: an overview. In: Soil and Water, Vol. 16, No. 2, p13-17. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 76 Knox, G A (1982) Estuarine management. In: Water in New Zealand’s Future, Proceedings of the Fourth National Water Conference, August 24-26, 1982. Auckland. Notes:

Knox, G A (1983) Estuarine ecosystems: a systems approach. Vol. I and II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Vol. 1, 289 pp. Notes:

Knox, G A (1992) The ecology of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Report prepared for Christchurch City Council and Canterbury Regional Council; Ecan Report No. U92/1, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5190, 1/07/1992. ii, 158 pp. Notes: References p154-158. Available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 574.526365 KNO. QV Knox et al (1973)…

Knox, G A (1992) Benthic invertebrates in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Notes: Not found in the Christchurch City Library or the University of Canterbury Library.

Kruger, D R (1980) The movement of sand through a tidal inlet. MSc thesis, Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 193pp. Notes:

Lamb, R C (1981) From the Banks of the Avon: The Story of a River. A H & A W Reed Ltd, Wellington. viii, 184 pp. ISBN 0589013521. Notes: Includes index and a bibliography at p178.

Lane, B & Davies, J (1987) Shorebirds in Australia. Nelson Publishers and Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Melbourne. Notes: Several species have estuarine relevance.

Langley, A D (1988) The ecology of Transorchestia chiliensis feeding on Ulva lactuca in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. BSc(Hons) thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Lauff, G H [ed.] (1967) Estuaries. Publication No. 83, American Association Adv. Science, Washington, DC. Notes:

Leonard, M (2002) Removal of microbial pathogens in Christchurch City Council’s Bromley wastewater plant. ESR Ltd., Christchurch. Report prepared for Christchurch City Council. November 2002. Notes:

Lewis, Gillian (2000) Microbial risk assessment. Christchurch City wastewater discharge Technical Report No. 23. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by URS (NZ) Ltd. 17 August 2000. Various paginations. Notes: Appendix A is a map of the location of the sampling sites in the Avon AAND Heathcote rivers and the Estuary system. This reviews previous studies of virus contamination carried out by the Canterbury Regional Council and also provides a study of virus occurrence and assessment of the comparative risk. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Lightfoot, R (1990) River maintenance manual. Unpublished report for the Drainage and Waste Management Unit, Christchurch City Council. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 77 Lincoln Environmental Ltd. (1994) Avon-Heathcote Estuary dye study. Lincoln Environmental Ltd, a division of Lincoln Ventures Ltd., Lincoln. Report No. 2481/2; Ecan Record No. LI1C/5927, 1/03/1994. 62 pp. Notes: This study assesses the movement of treated sewage effluent which is discharged into the Avon Heathcote Estuary. The study arose over concerns that effluent was affecting indicator bacteria levels in high-use recreation areas within the estuary, and over concerns that the effluent is causing build-ups of contaminants (such as nutrients and heavy metals) within parts of the estuary. Past studies of water movements within the estuary were reviewed thoroughly. Relevant water quality data collected by Environment Canterbury and the Christchurch City Council was also analysed.

Lincoln Environmental Ltd. (1998) Calculation of power ratings for water use estimation. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/18. Notes:

Lincoln Environmental (1998) Effect of well water level changes on irrigation system performance. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/17. Notes:

Lincoln Environmental (1999) Review of literature on the effect of setting minimum groundwater levels on farm production and economics. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R98/25. ISBN 1869373588. Notes:

Linzey, J T (1944) A short study of the hydrography of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. In: Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Vol. 73, No. 4, p365-376. Notes:

Little, Joshua (1908?) Shall the Canal be Commenced? Smith & Anthony, Printers and Stationers, Christchurch. DBCN No. AAY-4679. 12pp. Notes: A booklet on a proposed canal and port through the Estuary. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3 and from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAA 002-1667, 310/001. Box 947. Access to the Sea – Canal. 1905  1912. See Little reference at Lyttelton Harbour Board (1917) Pumping silt. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J.

Little, Joshua (1911) The Canal Commission: the case for the canal. Willis & Aiken, Printers, Christchurch. DBCN No. ACG-0985. Notes: See Little reference at Lyttelton Harbour Board (1917) Pumping silt. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J.

Little, Joshua (1915) A Plea for Port Christchurch. Frasers Ltd., printer, Christchurch. [1915 ]. 8 pp. Notes: See Little reference at Lyttelton Harbour Board (1917) Pumping silt. Referenced from Alexander Turnbull Library, New Zealand Pacific Collection, Call No. 1915 LIT 3807. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J.

Little, Joshua (1916) Comparative cost of handling timber and coal via Heathcote and Lyttelton. Frasers Ltd., printer, Christchurch. 13 April 1916. 1 pp. Notes: Savings per ton, with the Heathcote port option, of 8 shillings and sixpence. See Little reference at Lyttelton Harbour Board (1917) Pumping silt. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 78 Little, R & Scott, D (1999) An alternative approach to assessing resource consent applications: case study – Christchurch-West Melton. Paper, New Zealand Hydrological Society Conference 23-25 November 1999. Notes:

Little, R, Woodward-Clyde (NZ) Limited & Scott , D, Canterbury Regional Council (1998) Christchurch-West Melton groundwater: simulating groundwater augmentation. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/35, June 1998. Notes:

Livingston, L G (1980) Disposal on pasture of Christchurch sewage sludge. Report to Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Dept. of Soil Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln. 91pp. Notes: References p73-79. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, box 5, item 117. Copy held at Christchurch City Council Laboratory. Livingston, L G & McLaren, R G (1993) Bromley sewage sludge trial: report on soil heavy metal concentrations. Report to the Christchurch City Council, Drainage and Waste Management Unit, July 1993. Dept. of Soil Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln. 26 pp. Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p11). Copy at Canterbury Library No. 631.869 LIV. QV McLaren, R G, et al… (1994).

Local Government Commission. (1971) North Canterbury Local Government Area Scheme. Provisional scheme and explanatory statement. Government Printer, Wellington. September 1971. Notes: Logan, R (1987) Waimakariri: The Story of Canterbury’s “River of Cold Rushing Water”. Logan Publishing Co Ltd., Gisborne. 188 pp. Notes: An illustrated history of the illustrious Waimak’ River. Copy at Central Library. Lohrer, D & Hancock, N (2005) Marine soft sediments: more diversity than meets the eye. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 12, No. 3, p26-27. Notes: Also see: http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/

Love, A (1997) Food resources and habitat use by wading birds of remnant and restored wetlands at the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of MSc in Environmental Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. iii, 78 [18] leaves. Notes: Copy held at University of Canterbury, Central Library, QL 696 .C4 .L897 1997, Shelved on level 2. Love, P (1978) Estuary and foreshore planning in Christchurch. In: Soil and Water, Vol. 14, No. 5, p18-19. Notes: Lovell-Smith, J R (1992) Christchurch Drainage Board dredging records. Unpublished report by the Drainage and Waste Management Unit, Christchurch City Council. July 1992. Notes: Lowe, C J & Tremblay, L A (2006) Acute toxicity of ammonia to native fish from the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Landcare Research report to Christchurch City Council. 20pp.

An Ihutai Bibliography 79 Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit.

Lucas, D J, Head, J & Miles, S (1995) Indigenous ecosystems of Otautahi Christchurch. Set 1: Plants of the plains of Riccarton-Wigram & Spreydon- Heathcote. Lucas Associates, Christchurch. For the Christchurch-Otautahi Agenda 21 Committee and Riccarton-Wigram & Spreydon-Heathcote Community Boards. 18 pp. Notes: With Colin Meurk and Ian Lynn. Reprinted 1996 and 1997. Copy available at Christchurch Polytechnic, City Campus, General Collection – shelf location QK492.5IND. Lucas, D J, Head, J & Miles, S (1996) Indigenous ecosystems of Otautahi Christchurch. Set 2: Plants of the coastal plains of Hagley-Ferrymead & Burwood- Pegasus. For Christchurch-Otautahi Agenda 21 Committee and the Hagley-Ferrymead & Burwood Community Boards. 24 pp. Notes: With Colin Meurk and Ian Lynn, assisted by Colin O’Donnell & Alistair Freeman. Reprinted 1997. Copy available at Christchurch Polytechnic, City Campus, General Collection – shelf location QK492.5IND.

Lundquist, C, Green, M, & Ellis, J. (2003). Effect of different estuarine habitats on biodiversity. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 14, No. 2 and Aquatic Biodiversity & Biosecurity Issue 3, p4-5. Notes: NIWA scientists are studying the links between habitat types as part of a FRST-funded programme to better understand how estuaries recover from catastrophic sedimentation events and longer-term chronic degradation by sedimentation.

Lundquist, Carolyn & Hatton, Sara (2004) Winds, waves, and recovery from sedimentation in estuaries. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 12, No. 1, p22-23. Notes: Also see: http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/.

Lundquist, Carolyn & Pilditch, Colin (2006) Shellfish on the move: predicting recovery of coastal habitats. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 14, No. 1, March 2006. Notes: Laboratory work on juvenile cockles and wedge shells to assess how shellfish recolonise disturbed habitats, particularly in an estuarine environment. Also see: http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/. Lundquist, Carolyn (2006) Connecting habitats in estuaries. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 14, No. 2. Notes: With Judy Hewitt and Conrad Pilditch. “Human-induced disturbances, such as sediments washed down from residential development, can affect animals living within the estuary and change the relative proportions of different habitat types. For example, seagrass habitats have declined in estuaries throughout the North Island, while mangrove coverage has increased in the upper reaches of many estuaries. We must understand how these different habitat types are connected in order to predict how changes in their distribution might affect recovery in our estuaries. Realising that restoration is more complicated than merely planting seagrass or transplanting shellfish, we are looking at the natural processes that determine colonisation of habitats in estuaries.”

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1874) Improvement of the navigation of the Heathcote at Sumner [with comments on Whately Eliot’s report of December 2 1874]. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch. 5pp. Notes: Much correspondence and reports associated with this on the referenced file. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAH A2-1665, 310. Box 947. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary. 1890  1929.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1903) Approval of construction of tramway work across tidal lands of the Estuary of the Heathcote and Avon Rivers under the Harbours Act 1878. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch. 27 November 1903. 3pp. Notes: Near Andrew’s Crossing and The Cutting. Included in this referenced file is a Report of the Special Commission, 10 July 1903. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAH A2-1665, 310. Box 947. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary. 1890  1929.

An Ihutai Bibliography 80

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1905) Memorandum on the subject of further harbour extensions and on the feasibility of constructing a canal from the sea to Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch. 25 November 1905. 7 [2]pp. Notes: 2 maps appended. Brief descriptions and costings of: Harbour entrance at Sumner (No. 3); Port or tidal basin at Heathcote (No. 3A); Canal from the sea and port at Wilson’s Road (No. 3B); Port at Heathcote Bridge Canal Reserve. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAA 002-1667, 310/001. Box 947. Access to the Sea – Canal. 1905  1912.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1906) Report of the Sub Committee (No. 1) of the Harbour Improvement Committee. Harbour Improvement Committee, Christchurch. 10th September 1906. 1pp. Notes: The financial question of the canal scheme. F. Waymouth, Chair. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAA 002-1667, 310/001. Box 947. Access to the Sea – Canal. 1905  1912.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1906) Report of the Sub Committee (No. 2) of the Harbour Improvement Committee. Harbour Improvement Committee, Christchurch. 10th September 1906. 1pp. Notes: To bring up a report of the rating areas likely to be required for the purpose of successfully financing the canal scheme, including as near as possible the exact boundaries of such area. F. Waymouth, Chair. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAA 002-1667, 310/001. Box 947. Access to the Sea – Canal. 1905  1912.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1909a) Canal Finance: ‘Majority’ Report. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch. July 29th 1909, 15 leaves. Notes: “Of the special committee set up to investigate and report on the financial aspects of a canal to Christchurch, and other proposals for harbour extensions”. “Even if the canal should be constructed and Lyttelton entirely abandoned…”. Some mention also of a port at or near Heathcote Bridge. Printed at the Christchurch Press. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1909b) Canal Finance: ‘Minority’ Report. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch. 29 July 1909. 8 pp. Notes: “…of the Canal Committee of the Lyttelton Harbour Board”. The dissenting views of A. Kaye, T E Taylor, John Richardson and John L Scot. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3 and from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAA 002-1667, 310/001. Box 947. Access to the Sea – Canal. 1905  1912, where there is a wealth of relevant and contemporary press clippings. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1909) Report re. harbour extensions including the ships canal. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch. February 1909. 20 pp. Notes: Attached is H E White’s schedule of quantities and approximate estimates… Total of 861,700 Pounds. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1909) Report of the special Committee appointed to report on the alleged damage at Bell’s Baths site Sumner, and the removal of the old swingbridge at Heathcote. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch. 8 September 1909. 1pp. Notes: Much associated correspondence and reports associated with this on the referenced file including Heathcote swing or lift bridge, 1905 which has many newspaper clippings of the period on the referenced file. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAH A2-1665, 310. Box 947. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary. 1890  1929.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1917) Pumping silt from the River Avon on to land adjacent thereto. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch. 3 May 1917. 2pp.

An Ihutai Bibliography 81 Notes: From George Harper, Chair regarding an application from the Minister of Marine, relating to one Joshua Little (QV). Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAH A2-1665, 310. Box 947. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary. 1890  1929.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1922) Memorandum for the Chairman [re New Brighton Solar Salt Works]. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch. 5 September 1922. 2pp. Notes: The salt works issue first arose (QV New Brighton Borough Council (1917) Application…) in 1917, with an application to increase the allowed acreage to 300 acres. Still not operational in 1922. This file also contains correspondence on the issue between the originator of the scheme, L W McArthur, and the Marine Department and the Lyttelton Harbour Board. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAH A2-1665, 310. Box 947. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary. 1890  1929.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1925) Opinion re foreshore Lyttelton Harbour [Redcliffs]. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch. 20 January 1925. Notes: From George Harper, Chair. Drawings and map appended. As the result of a claim, and with accompanying correspondence, by one Captain McLaglan (“The World’s Jiu-Jitsu Champion”) regarding damage sustained by boats being left on the foreshore opposite his property at Redcliffs. This file also includes a 2pp. leaflet, with photograph, on Captain McLaglan’s claim to fame and the armies of the world where he has plied his Jiu-Jitsu trade. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAH A2-1665, 310. Box 947. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary. 1890  1929.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1929) Proposed Commission regarding access to the sea. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch and Lyttelton. 4 [1]pp. Notes: Report by the Lyttelton Harbour Board representatives at a conference of Local Body representatives convened by the Port & City League on 10th of April 1929. , MP, Chair. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1671 310/005, Box 948. 1928-1931, Access to the Sea. QV Lyttelton Harbour Board (1930) “Access to the Sea Commission” and Stringer, Walter.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1930) “Access to the Sea Commission” : statement by Mr C H Clibborn. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch and Lyttelton. 20+pp. Notes: With a very vested interest in the outcome of the Commission, Clibborn was Lyttelton Harbour Board Chairman. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1671 310/005, Box 948. 1928-1931, Access to the Sea. QV Lyttelton Harbour Board (1929) Proposed Commission and Stringer, Walter.

Lyttelton Harbour Board (1933) Access to the Sea: report of Investigation Committee. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch and Lyttelton. 27 February 1934. (ii) 7pp. Notes: With a 2pp. supplementary paper. Report of the representatives of local bodies and public organisation members. The rest of the material in this file is a substantial collection of contemporary newspaper clippings regarding direct access to the sea from Christchurch and the Lyttelton road tunnel proposal, Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518, Lyttelton Harbour Board, item 310/006, box 948, Access to the Sea, 1929  1937.

McAllum, Priscilla (1993) Survey of estuarine invertebrates adjacent to oxidation pond Outlet No 5 - December 1992. Unpublished report, Waste Management Unit Laboratory, Christchurch City Council. March 1993. 19 pp. DBCN No. ABX-4669. Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 574.526365 MCA.

McBride, Graham B (2004) Quantitative human health risk assessment for a proposed wastewater outfall at Christchurch. Technical Report No. 11. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. NIWA Client Report HAM2004- 140. NIWA Project No. CCC 05203. 96pp. Notes: Viral impact from raw shellfish consumption and contact recreation. References p13-16. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

An Ihutai Bibliography 82 McBride, G B, Bell, R G & Ellis, J C (2000) Some issues in setting effluent monitoring standards. New Zealand Waste Water Association 2000 Annual Conference Papers. Notes:

McBride, G B, Cooper, A B & Till, D G (1992) Provisional microbiological water quality guidelines for recreational and shell-fish-gathering waters in New Zealand. Report for the Department of Health. 17 pp. Notes:

McCallum, L R (1982) The management and administration of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. [Joint Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Canterbury and Lincoln College]. Notes: An earlier 1981 unpublished report with the same title recorded, no further details.

McClatchie, S, Juniper, S K & Knox, G A (1982) Structure of a mudflat diatom community in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, New Zealand. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 16, p299-309. Notes: Parameters of community structure (species composition and relative abundance, number of taxa, diversity, evenness, and cell density) were measured for a mudflat diatom community in the Avon-Heathcote estuary. Fifty three diatom species were identified: 25 taxa (species and varieties) are new New Zealand records. Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1982/31.php . McCombs, James (1936) Port Christchurch Referendum [Local Bill]. No. 22-1. Government Printer, Wellington. 4 pp. Notes: A draft “Act to provide for the construction of a deep-sea harbour in the estuary of the Heathcote and Avon Rivers and for matters incidental thereto.” Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. McCombs, K & Partridge, T R (1992) The vegetation of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. Unpublished report for the Christchurch City Council Parks Unit. Landcare Research contract report No. 92/B. Ecan Record No. LI1C/7502, 1/11/1992. 52 pp. DBCN No. ABS-0731. Notes: The Avon Heathcote estuary represents an invaluable botanical resource to the City of Christchurch. This reports describes that resource. A vegetation survey was carried out to determine the species and community types present in the Avon Heathcote estuary. The distribution of community types among the wetland areas was also examined. In landscape format. Appendix 1 lists the species, p49-50, of plants in the wetland areas of the Avon Heathcote Estuary. B&w photographs throughout. Also referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/50. McCombs, K (1992) An initial assessment of riparian vegetation with regard to changes in riverbank maintenance policy, Christchurch City Council. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7191. Notes:

McCombs, K (1992) Foreshore vegetation from the Waimakariri River to Taylors Mistake. Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council. 64pp. Notes: List of plants at Appendix 1, p13. References p61. Photographs, drawings, features of species and descriptions throughout. Drawing taken from H. Wilson’s ‘Stewart Island Plants’, 1982.

McCombs, K (1993) Riparian vegetation of the Lower Heathcote River in March 1993. Prepared for the Christchurch City Council; Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7188. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 83 McCombs, K (1993) The occurrence of tidal species within Christchurch. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch.. Notes McCombs, K (1993) Estuarine and freshwater plants in Christchurch. Unpublished report for Drainage Laboratory, Christchurch City Council. Notes: Not viewed, referenced from bibliography in Tipler, C J M, et al… (1999)

McCombs, K (1993) The occurrence of tidal species within Christchurch. Christchurch city Council. September 1993. 12pp. Note: Provides habitat information about some native species that are used by CCC when restoring or creating wetlands. Report presents data on the tidal heights at which various plant species occur and reviews other relevant environmental factors.

McCombs, K (1997) Changes in riparian vegetation along the lower Heathcote River following implementation of the Woolston barrage. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7458. October 1997. 27 pp. Notes:

McCombs, K (1998) Changes in riparian vegetation along the Avon, Heathcote and Styx rivers: 1992/93 – 1996/97. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch; DBCN No. ACU-4814. March 1998. 20 pp. Notes: McCombs, K (2003) Estuary margin and foreshore vegetation issues relevant to the ocean outfall pipeline routes. Christchurch City Council, CCCECO 03/05. 20 May 2003. 10 pp. Notes: A preference for the Jellicoe Street route with least disturbance to marsh vegetation although with loss of the rare sedge pingao. Accessible as a PDF from the Christchurch City Council website. McCombs, K (2004) Weed plan for the eradication of spartina (spartina anglica C. E. Hubb) from Canterbury, 2004. Department of Conservation and Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. CCCECO 04/16. 17 pp. Notes: Spartina was deliberately planted in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary by the Christchurch Drainage Board in 1938 to reclaim land and prevent erosion. In addition to a continued programme to eradicate this pest weed from the remaining areas of the head of Lyttelton Harbour Basin, in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and the Lower Heathcote River, this report includes a summary of sites and descriptions of spartina or cord grass.

McCombs, K & von Tippelkirsch, M (2004) Weed plan for sea lavender (Limonium companyis). Report for the Christchurch City Council, Christchurch.CCCECO0411[1]. 6 August 2004. 9pp. Notes: Sea Lavender is recently established in New Zealand salt marsh, where it is showing weedy characteristics. Eradication is believed possible at this stage and is being pursued by the Christchurch City Council. First recorded from salt marsh near the Ferrymead Historic Park and has spread at the expense of other salt marsh plants, it predominates other species in some areas (includes areas at Devil’s Elbow, Stilt Islands and Settlers Reserve).

McCombs, P J A (1976) Harbour and estuarine management in New Zealand. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0263. Notes:

McCormacks Bay Steering Group (2006) McCormacks Bay Steering group Charter. Christchurch. 2pp. Notes: The Steering Group involves local community groups and individuals and Christchurch City Council staff. In September 2004 the Christchurch City Council determined that the central culvert between McCormacks Bay and the Estuary required replacement. The Avon Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai) Trust proposed a comprehensive planning approach and at a joint workshop held on 20 October 2005 the following were agreed as desirable outcomes for the project: Identify best options for the structural design of the Causeway culvert; Enhancement of the whole ecological system; Management of silt; Maintain and enhance the recreational resource; Ensure community consultation is effective and

An Ihutai Bibliography 84 aspirations met; Knowledge is built and research is effective. Available online at http://www.ccc.govt.nz/Environment/McCormacksBay/. Also available on the site are the minutes of meeting (currently 10 August 2006 and 14 September 2006. QV O’Connor, K.

MacDonald, J D (1973) Birds of Australia: A Summary of Information. Reed, Sydney. 552 pp. ISBN 05907113. Notes: With contributions by D. L. Serventy and illustrated by Peter Slater. McDowall, R. M. (1993) A Bibliography of Maori Fisheries in New Zealand Fresh Waters. NIWA Freshwater Research Report No. 8, Christchurch. 35pp. Notes: An annotated bibliography that lists many books with a more than passing mention of Māori fisheries particularly such freshwater species as eel, lamprey, grayling, whitebait, smelt, goldfish, carp and a scattering of trout. Includes brief annotations. Edited by C. K. Holmes.

McDowall, R M (1990) New Zealand Freshwater Fishes: A Natural History and Guide. 2nd edn., Heinemann Reed, Auckland. 553 pp. ISBN 0790000229. Notes: Also an edition of 1978 (1st edition) and 1989. All the freshwater fishes both native and introduced including estuarine species.

McFadgen, B G & Goff, J R (2005) An earth systems approach to understanding the tectonic and cultural landscapes of linked marine embayments: Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai) and Lake Ellesmere (Waihora), New Zealand. In: Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 20, Issue 3, p227-237. Notes: Keywords: large earthquakes, dunes, channel avulsion, geoarchaeology, earth systems.. Accessible at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/110433804/. .An earth systems study of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), New Zealand, shows that tectonic activity has a marked direct and indirect control upon its geomorphology and human settlement in the area. Discussion of the Late Holocene history of the embayment in relation to large earthquakes and their after-effects. Of particular note is the rapid fluvial transfer of sand to the coast causing dune formation and a more delayed pulse of coarser sediment causing channel avulsion of the Waimakariri River. While dune system development seems to occur soon after tectonic activity, river channel avulsion, spit/barrier formation and ongoing geomorphological changes may well relate to periods of tectonic activity that occurred 100-200 years previously. The interaction between these two sediment delivery systems causes significant, and often rapid, changes to coastal geomorphology and ecosystems that have serious implications for human populations living at or near the coast. We show a more region-wide picture of the direct and indirect effects of tectonic activity, by comparing two embayments that represent coastal points of entry at opposite ends of the Waimakariri River floodplain: the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai) and Lake Ellesmere (Waihora).

McIntosh, L (1992) Concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in stormwaters from the Avon-Heathcote catchment. [Data only]. Notes: No further details.

McIntyre and Lewis Ltd. (c1905) Outlying jetties, Sumner. Christchurch. [Plan/map]. Notes: Referred to in the Schedule to a Bill entitled “The Lyttelton Harbour Board Land Act, 1905”. Scale 2 chains to 1 inch. McIntyre and Lewis were surveyors. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1675 310/005, Box 949. Sumner Estuary – Tramway Reclamation and Embankment.

McKerchar, A I (2001) Avon and Heathcote flow analysis. Report prepared for Environment Canterbury by the National Institute for Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA); Ecan Report No. U01/37, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5975, 1/05/2001. 33 pp. Notes: Found that rain-floods in the Avon River exert only a modest influence on water levels in the lower Avon. Tsunami, sea level, river and climate change are reviewed. The MSL at Ferrymead may rise by 0.4 metres by 2050. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, item 19-58, box 2.

McKerchar, A I & Kirk, R M (1994) Assessment of the probabilities of high water levels for the lower Avon River. Report by National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA); New Zealand Freshwater Fisheries Miscellaneous Report No. 144.

An Ihutai Bibliography 85 For Christchurch City Council. April 1994. 355pp. DBCN No. ADC-0795. Notes:

McKenna, A P (1979) A recreational geography of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. MA thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

McLaren, R G, et al… (1994) Bromley sewage sludge trial : report on extractable soil heavy metal concentrations. Report to the Christchurch City Council, Drainage and Waste Management Unit, June 1994. . Dept. of Soil Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln. 19 pp. Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p8-9). Canterbury Library No. 631.869 BRO. QV Livingston, L G & McLaren, R G (1993).

McLauchlan, G [ed.] (1984) The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. David Bateman, Auckland. 656 pp. Notes: Some 500 monochrome pictures and 48 pages of colour photographs. Folding colour map to rear. McLay, C L (1976) An inventory of the status and origin of New Zealand estuarine systems. In: Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society, Vol. 23, p8-26. Notes: McMillan, KR (1997) Evidence for presentation to a Commissioner appointed by Canterbury Regional Council and Christchurch City Council in the matter of the Resource Management Act 1991. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 3pp. Notes: The matter of applications for resource consent for the relocation of the Kibblewhite Reserve stopbank. McMillan provides information on the Council's management of Kibblewhite Reserve and the Parks Unit intentions for future management. QV Vodder, C. McMorran, T J (1999) Christchurch city outfall preliminary geotechnical investigation. Technical Report No. 6. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by Woodward-Clyde (NZ) Ltd. 6 August 1999. Various paginations. Notes: Appendices of folding cross-sections + 8pp. of regional geology. Investigates site geology and geotechnical properties of seabed materials. Three new boreholes were drilled along the line of a possible ocean pipeline and the results were compared with previously available geological information. One bore proved difficult to drill, possibly due to equipment problems, but there was no other indication of difficulties in installing a pipeline. Christchurch City Council contract 98/99-232. Woodward-Clyde reference AC26666700.00/0007/R522A.DOC. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

McMorran, T J (1999) Preliminary geotechnical investigation Christchurch outfall. Technical Report No. 4. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Woodward- Clyde Ltd., Christchurch. For Christchurch City Council, contract 98/99-232. AC26666700. 00/0007/R522A. DOC. 6 August 1999. Various paginations – c19pp. Notes: Covers the regional geology, site geology and geothechnical properties of the seabed materials. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

McNickel, D & McMurtrie, S (1996) Steam Wharf Stream biological habitat issues. A waterway enhancement survey. Water Services Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. January 1996. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 86 MacPherson, J M (1978) Environmental geology of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. PhD thesis, Department of Geology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 178 pp. Notes: Also recorded as 222pp. MacPherson, J M (1979) Response to urbanisation of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. In: Environmental Geology, Vol. 2, p23-27. Notes: McWilliam, P J (1976) Cleaning the water: municipal waste treatment, Christchurch. Unpublished report for Christchurch City Council. Notes: Mabin, M C G (2006) Statement of evidence to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. URS New Zealand Ltd., Christchurch. AYH1086014.03. 23pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Maclaren, Sylvia & Marsden, Islay (2005) The Ecology of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary: macrobenthic survey, Summer 2004-2005. Estuarine Research Project Number 33. Prepared for the Avon-Heathcote Estuary Trust. February 2005. 45 [12] pp. Notes: School of Biological Sciences, Christchurch, University of Canterbury. 74 sampling sites, 4 25 x 25 cm quadrants per site, to a depth of 5 cms. 41 taxa identified – 35 invertebrates, 2 macroalgae and 1 flowering plant species. Cockle Austrovenus stutchburyi, amphibola crenata, ulva lactuca, graciliaria chilensis, sea lettuce, red algae, Polychaete worms, seagrass, Zostera novazealandica.

Madge, S & Burn, H (1988) Wildfowl: An Identification Guide to the Ducks, Geese and Swan of the World. Coom Helm, London. Notes: Includes several of the ducks, geese and swan seen on the Estuary.

MAFFish (1992) Fisheries survey of the Avon River, 1991-1992. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report No. U92/12. Notes:

MAFFish (1992) Organochlorine and hydrocarbon contaminants in the Avon and Heathcote Rivers and Estuary system: Part 1: Sediment and water samples. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report No. U92/10. Notes:

Main, M R (1994) A limited investigation of stormwater quality in the Avon Heathcote Catchment. Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch. Environmental Management Group. Ecan Report No. R94/24, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5177, 1/08/1994. 25 pp. ISBN 1869372719. DBCN No. ACG-8081. Notes: The highest bacterial concentrations recorded were from the 2 sites closest to the point of discharge of the 2 rivers ie by the Pleasant Point Yacht Club and the Mount Pleasant Yacht Club. Notes that the quality of the water in the north- east section of the Estuary has improved since 1973. Copy available at Central Library, Shelf Environmental Management Group No. 628.1610993837.

Main, M R (2001) Effects of low flows on ecological values in the mid to upper reaches of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. Environment Canterbury,Christchurch. Ecan Report No. U01/85, Ecan Record No. PU1C/6031, 1/12/2001. 25 pp. Notes:

Manley Hydraulics Laboratory (1999) Christchurch ocean outfall field data collection program, February to April 1999. Technical Report No. 8. NSW

An Ihutai Bibliography 87 Department of Public Works & Services, Manley Hydraulics Laboratory. December 1999. 14pp. + appendices. Notes: QV Cox, D R & Pierson, W L (2000). Report No. MHL989. Extensive appendices include maps, figures and tables. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Marchant, J & Higgins, P J & Davies, Jeff (1990) Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds: Volume 1: Ratites to Ducks, Parts A & B. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. ISBN 0195530683. Notes: This encyclopaedic reference book covers all species of birds (including those recently extinct) occurring in Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica, as well as the Australian and New Zealand dependencies and sub-Antarctic islands.;Volume 1 covers all species from emus to ducks. The text for each bird includes field identification, habitat, distribution, movements, food, voice, social organization and behaviour, breeding and plumage. There are colour illustrations of every species, showing developmental and seasonal changes in the colour of the plumage. Distribution both within and beyond the range is shown on maps. Line drawings of displays and other postures, diagrams of the annual cycle of each species, and sonagrams of important calls are also included.

Marchant, J & Higgins, P J & Davies, Jeff (1993) Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds: Volume 2: Raptors to Lapwings. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. 984 pp. ISBN 0195530691. Notes: Part of an exhaustive reference work which details over 900 species, this volume provides full descriptions of 119 breeds and illustrations that demonstrate behavioural postures and plumage. The text includes information on: habitat; distribution and population; field identification; food; social organization and behaviour; voice; and breeding habits. There are also maps of breeding distribution, sonograms of calls and songs, and diagrams of the timings of breeding and moulting.

Marine Electro-Solar Salt Works Ltd. (c1917) General summary… for the information of subscribers. The Estuary, New Brighton, Christchurch, New Zealand. Marine Electro-Solar Salt Works Ltd., Christchurch. Notes: Plan attached. Detailing the first 50 acres in the mudflats from a required 300 acres. Situated out from Rockinghorse Road/Ebbtide Street. QV New Brighton Borough Council (1917) Application and Lyttelton Harbour Board (1922). This item and further correspondence on the proposed scheme can be referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAH A2-1665, 310. Box 947. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary. 1890  1929.

Marsden, Islay (1980) Effects of constant and cyclic temperatures on the salinity tolerance of the estuarine sandhopper Orchestia chiliensis. In: Marine Biology, Vol. 59, p211-218. Notes:

Marsden, Islay & Heremia, C (1998) Saltmarsh restoration and ecology. In C. Wallace, B. Webber and S. Buchanan (eds), Seaviews Marine Ecosystem and Management Obligations and opportunities, Environment and Conservation Organisations of New Zealand, p136-147. Notes:

Marsden, Islay (1998) Benthic macroinvertebrates of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, December 1997. Preliminary report prepared for the Canterbury Regional Council. IN6- 0030. 22 pp. Notes:

Marsden, Islay (1999) Reproductive cycles of the surf beach clam Paphies donacina (Spengler, 1793) from New Zealand. In: Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 18, No. 2, p539-546. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 88 Marsden, Islay (2000) Variability in low tide populations of tuatua, Paphies donacina, in Pegasus Bat, Canterbury, New Zealand. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research. Vol. 34, p359-370. Notes:

Marsden, Islay (2000) Benthic macroinvertebrates of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, December 1997. Part 2: Total fauna including polychaetes. Unpublished report prepared for the Canterbury Regional Council (82822). 19pp. Notes:

Marsden, Islay & Pilkington, R M (1995) Spatial and temporal variation in the growth and condition of Austrovenus stutchburyi Finlay 1927 (Bivalvia: Veneridae) from the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. In: New Zealand Natural Science, Vol. 22, p57-67. Notes:

Marsh, Norman (2002) Avon-Heathcote Structures. Structures to be removed. Revised 7 December 2002. Notes: Ring-bound and unpaginated. Photocopies, copies of b&w photographs and newspaper clippings. In ‘Estuary’ file, Sumner Museum. Marshall, J W (1971) A biological re-evaluation of the pollution in the lower Heathcote River, Christchurch, New Zealand. Unpublished MSc project in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Marshall, J (1990) A Comparison of the flora and fauna of the tidal reaches of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Notes: A resurvey of the stations sampled by Cameron [QV Cameron, J (1968)] in 1968 in the Heathcote River and to establish a similar series of stations in the Avon River. Objects: a) Assess any changes in the Heathcote River since 1968 and b) Comparison between the two rivers from a pollution viewpoint. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys & Investigations: Box 175, item 16/2, Part 3, 1969-1977.

Mason, Judith J (1984) Studies on the biology of an estuarine saldid (Heteroptera: Saldidae). Zoology Honours Project, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: While the reference I have for this says 1984, this is probably closer to 1971. Saldid are a group of flies that inhabit the wrack (shore detritus) on the upper part of beaches. This their life history, behaviour and general ecology. QV Edwards, Richard.

Mason, Ruth (1968) The vegetation of the coast. In: The Natural History of Canterbury [QV], G A Knox, [ed.], Reed, Wellington, p95-105. Notes: Mason, Ruth (1968) The vegetation of freshwaters. In: The Natural History of Canterbury [QV]. G A Knox, [ed.], Reed, Wellington, p452-457. Notes: Mawson, A H (1973) Control of flooding in the lower reaches of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers by means of the Woolston River [sic] Cut, stopbanking and internal pumping. Christchurch Drainage Board. 6pp. with folding plans and maps appended. Notes: QV Royds Sutherland and McLeay & Powell Fenwick and Partners (1973)

Mawson, A H (1973) Reclamation of Woolston River Loop – Heathcote River. For Christchurch Drainage Board. 10/12/1973. 3pp. Notes: This report is Appendix C in Royds Sutherland and McLeay & Powell Fenwick and Partners (1973) - QV.

An Ihutai Bibliography 89

Mawson, A H (1972) Notes on the hydrology of the Avon and Heathcote Estuary. Unpublished paper presented to an Ecology Action Seminar at the University of Canterbury, 4 August 1972. 6 pp. [and folding maps/plans appended]. Notes: Discharge rates and volumes of water arriving and departing from the estuary under various conditions and how those figures are derived. Describes the Estuary catchment area, dry-weather non-tidal flows, storm precipitation, runoff, etc. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633.

Mawson, D G (1996) The wave climate of southern Pegasus Bay. Unpublished MA thesis in Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Medway, David G (2000) The Reed Field Guide to Common New Zealand Shorebirds. Reed Publishing, Auckland. 160 pp. ISBN 079000738X. Notes: Resident and migratory bird species with descriptions of several significant shorebird localities. The plumage, population and behaviour of commonly seen shorebirds are all described in detail and many of Estuary relevance. Memon, P A & Perkins, H C [eds.] (1993) Environmental planning and management in New Zealand. Dunmore Press Ltd., Palmerston North. Chapter 8. Notes: Menzies, James F (2000) Sumner. Cadsonbury Press, Christchurch. Facsimile reprint. 48 pp. Extract: Includes index. Originally published by Simpson & Williams, Christchurch, 48 pp., 1941. Meredith, A S & Hayward, S. A (2002) An overview of the water quality of the rivers and streams of the Canterbury Region. Canterbury Regional Council/Environment Canterbury, Christchurch. Report No. R02/25. 30 pp. ISBN 1869374738. Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p25-26). Accessible at http://www.ecan.govt.nz/Plans-Reports/water/R02- 25.pdf. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.91009938 MER. Meurk, C D (1989) Vegetation of Inanga spawning grounds on the banks of the lower Avon River. Unpublished paper. Notes: Assessment of the Christchurch Drainage Board policy of denuding river banks of their vegetation/riparian plants. QV Eldon, G A & Kelly, G R (1992). Meurk, C D (1991) Notes on the native plants of the Christchurch river banks and their management. Report for Christchurch City Council by DSIR. Notes: Meurk, C D, Ward, J C, O’Connor, K F (1993) Natural areas of Christchurch: Evaluation and recommendations for management as heritage. Report by the Centre for Resource Management, for the Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Meyer, R (1978) The pollution load of stormwater runoff. ME dissertation, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Michael Leyden Publications (2002) New Zealand’s coastal environment [picture]. Rocky and sandy shore, estuary and mangrove mudflats. Michael Leyden Publications, Auckland. Notes: Variant title ‘Michael Leyden’s New Zealand’s coastal environment’. 17 study prints (15 x 21 cm.), 1 study print in colour + 1 handbook (32 pp.). Issued in plastic portfolio. Call number F 577.510993 NEW, Victoria University of Wellington. Key words include: Habitats. Chiton and barnacles. Limpets and periwinkles. Mudflat topshell snail. Mussels. Cockles. Rock oysters and cats eyes. Rock crab, Mudcrab, Hermit crab, Prawn Snapping shrimp, Seastar, Sea anemone, Seaweed, Mangrove tree, Jointed rush, small mud snail and bristle worm, Glasswort and ribbonwood.

An Ihutai Bibliography 90 Miller, B M et al… (2004) Christchurch outfall twelve months data collection and modelling. Technical Report No. 10. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Water Research Laboratory, University of NSW, Manley Vale, Technical Report 2004/14. 22pp. Notes: With W C Glamore & R M Hudson. Various maps and figures appended (some 28 figures of measured and modelled current). Concludes that both a 2 kilometre and a 3 kilometre pipeline will have a small to negligible impact on the environment. References p21-22. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS. QV Cox, D R – 4 entries.

Millhouse, D (1975) The trace metal content of animals from McCormacks Bay, Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. Report no. 4, Estuarine Research Unit, University of Canterbury; Ecan Record No. LI1C/0781, 1/12/1975. 10 pp. Notes: Copy available at University of Canterbury Central Library, Level 2, Shelf No. 541.5. E8. U58 no. 4. Millhouse, D (1975) Report on the seasonal micronutrient variation in the Avon- Heathcote Estuary and the use of computer modelling as a predictive tool. Estuarine Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Report No. 6. 29 pp. Notes: 13 sediment samples analysed for physical and chemical indicators of nutrient enrichment. Including sand/silt/clay content, inorganic nutrients (soluble reactive phosp., nitrate, nitrite and ammonia) and organic nutrients. Compared with similarly analysed samples from both natural and enriched habitats – 47 sites in total. Millhouse, D (1977) Trace metals in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand. Report no. 8, Estuarine Research Unit, University Of Canterbury; Ecan Record No. LI1C/0257, 1/06/1977. 17 pp. Notes: Mills, G N & Williamson, R B (1999) Organic contaminants and heavy metals in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Technical Report No.13. NIWA Client Report WCL90507/1 for Christchurch City Council. August 1999. 35pp. Notes: This report reviewed existing information on the level of contamination of Estuary sediments. It found that, apart from one site, there were unlikely to be any adverse effects on creatures that live in the sediments. It found some evidence that heavy metal contamination, particularly lead, has improved in recent years, but it could not state whether the wastewater discharge was a major source of contamination. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Mills, J A (1967) The breeding biology and population dynamics of the red-billed gull (Larus novaehollandiae scopulinus Forster, 1844). (In part). Unpublished M.Sc. thesis in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch.

Millward, W A. M. (1975) Physical characteristics of an estuarine environment. Christchurch City Council, MA thesis, Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 137 (4) pp. Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Shelf no. 627.124. Milne, C D A [ed.] (1992) Handbook of Environmental Law. Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society Inc., Wellington. 336pp. Notes: Includes bibliographical references p318-322 and index. Effective environmental advocacy by Kevin Chapple. Resource Management Act 1991 by Christopher D.A Milne. Coastal and marine by Mark Bellingham. Fresh and geothermal water by Judy van Rossum. Public access to land by Bruce Mason. Mining by Christopher D.A. Milne. Subdivisions by Jon Jackson. Hazardous substances and pest control by Barry Weeber. Protection of land, plants and animals by Mark Bellingham. Historic places by Christopher D.A. Milne.

An Ihutai Bibliography 91 Milne, J R (1998) Shellfish as biomonitors of heavy metal contamination: programme design considerations. A thesis in partial fulfilment of MApSc in Resource Management. Lincoln University, Canterbury. ix, 112, [9] leaves. Notes: Milne, J R (1998) Avon-Heathcote Estuary heavy metal monitoring report. Christchurch City Council Waste Management Unit Laboratory. Notes: Ministry for the Environment (19??) Ambient concentrations of selected organochlorines in estuaries. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington. Online pdf. Notes: Moutere Inlet, south west of Jackett Island, Avon Heathcote Estuary and McCormacks Bay outlet. Accessible at www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/hazardous/organochlorine-concentration-in-estuaries-jun99.pdf . Ministry for the Environment (1990) State of the environment reporting in New Zealand: a proposal for a multi-agency project. Ministry for the Environment & Department of Statistics, Wellington. SER Information paper No.1. 65pp. Notes: Support for the provision of essential statistical data vital to well informed planning and discussions on issues affecting our environment. Discusses expected merits and costs of establishing a formal SER system in New Zealand and a broad review of the SER concept. References p59-61. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.72014 NEW.

Ministry for the Environment (1991) Reporting state of the environment information. Ministry for the Environment & Department of Statistics, Wellington. SER Information Paper No. 2. 85pp. Notes: Discusses the environmental consequences of economic decisions and the economic consequences of environmental policies, and how environmental information is used in SER. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.72014 NEW.

Ministry for the Environment (1998) Bacteriological water quality guidelines for marine and fresh water. Guidelines for the management of recreational and marine shellfish gathering waters. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington. Notes: For access to the text of the Resource Management Act see www.mfe.govt.nz/laws/rma/. Also to view lead levels material see www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/ser/ser1997/html/chapter6.9.html. Ministry for the Environment (1998) Flow guidelines for in-stream values. Volumes A & B. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington. Canterbury Regional Council File N09C-0032. Volume A – 146pp. Notes:

Ministry for the Environment (1998) Reporting on persistent organoclorines in New Zealand. September 1998. 40pp. ISBN 0478090382. Notes: The MftE established an Organoclorines Programme to carry out research, assess the data, and consider management issues such as clean-up targets and emission control standards. This research established for the first time the actual levels of contaminants in the New Zealand environment. Samples and outcomes from the Avon-Heathcote Estuary form part of this report. The dietary intakes of New Zealanders was also estimated through a study of organochlorins in food. Accessible at http://www.mfe.govt.nz.

Ministry for the Environment & Christchurch City Council (1998) Conservation covenants: a guide to assist local authorities to protect and conserve waterways, wetlands and other natural areas. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C- 7789. Notes: Ministry for the Environment and Ministry of Health (2003) Microbiological Water Quality Guidelines for Marine and Freshwater Recreational Areas. Ministry for the Environment and Ministry of Health, Wellington. Notes: The document is accessible at www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/water/microbiological-quality-jun03.

An Ihutai Bibliography 92

Ministry of Conservation (1994) New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 26 pp. Notes: Ministry of Works & Development (1962) Plan of Avon and Heathcote Rivers. MOW&D, Christchurch. 1 sheet. Notes: Predominantly the Estuary. Dated September 1962, checked 1968 – 10 chains to an inch scale. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys & Investigations: Box 175, item 16/2, Part 2, 1956-1969.

Ministry of Works and Development (1969) Christchurch Estuary proposed barrage. Ministry of Works and Development, Christchurch. 23 May 1969. 2 [6]pp. Notes: Letter to Commissioner of Works regarding awaiting Wallingford Report (QV Hydraulic Research Station) and appendix is 6pp. summary of tests carried out of Christchurch harbour model up to June 1966. Assesses a barrier at Redcliffs and a barrier at Shag Rock. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Transport, Christchurch material. Accession No. CH939 or [153?], item 54/29/4. Foreshores – Construction of a Barrage – Estuary of Avon and Heathcote Rivers, 1967  1974.

Ministry of Works & Development (1976) Preliminary report of estuarine and coastal water problems. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0567. Notes: Ministry of Works and Development (1974) Guidelines for the design, construction and operation of oxidation ponds. Public Health Engineering Section. 11pp. Notes: Ministry of Works & Development (1983) Estuaries: students’ notes. Water and Soil Division, Ministry of Works & Development, Wellington. 8pp. DBCN No. AAG-3857. Notes: “Forgotten habitats Matter” – National Water & Soil Conservation Organisation contribution to Conservation Week. Ministry of Works & Development (1983) Natural resources of the Canterbury region, A survey and evaluation for management, nitrate nitrogen concentrations. Canterbury Regional Council Published Report R299 (S83/1/6). Notes: Miskell, Don & Ower, Tracey (1987) Woolston Cut: post-occupancy evaluation – a routine procedure? The Landscape magazine, Spring 1987. 4pp. Notes: Both authors are of Boffa Miskell Partners, QV. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, items 19-58, box 2.

Mollett, G (1974) Proposed recreational reserve: McCormacks Bay. Commissioner of Crown Lands. 4 March 1975. 3 [5]pp. Notes: Recommends that Part Reserves 4324 and 4325 be reserved for recreational purposes, a total of 20.7097 hectares. Other related correspondence in same file. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CABK, CH510. Item 8/5/68/11. McCormacks Bay Recreation Reserve. 1974-1987. Also contains much correspondence with the Combined Estuary Association, discussion regarding the kindergarten establishment and lease of the Mt Pleasant Community Centre land.

Monck, John Stanley (Various) Diary, 20 February 1869 - 1 March 1876. Unpublished Diary. Notes: Typescript copy; some of poor quality. Includes partial index. Original is held at Sumner Museum, copy Central Library, ANZC Archives, reference no. 486. Includes 1884 map of central and north-west Christchurch. In 1869 John Monck, who had arrived in Christchurch in 1863, bought the farm at Moncks Bay, where he lived for nearly 40 years. Born 1844 and died 1929.

Moon, G & Lockley, R (1982) New Zealand’s Birds: A Photographic Guide. Heinemann, Auckland and Surrey. 179 pp. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 93

Moore, J W A (2006) Statement of evidence to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. Water & Waste Unit, Christchurch City Council. AYH1086659.01. 11pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Moore, L B & Edgar, E (1976) Flora of New Zealand: Volume II. Indigenous monocots except grasses. Government Printer, Wellington. 354 pp. No ISBN. Notes: Reprint. Covers only indigenous monocotyledon families except Gramineae (grasses), the main text being a continuation from Volume I.

Moore, S C (1997) A Photographic Guide to the Freshwater Invertebrates in New Zealand. Otago Regional Council, Dunedin. 24 pp. ISBN 0908922566. Notes: The major invertebrate groups are covered with microscope photographs, and a brief description of the habitat preferences of each group. The guide is useful in any part of the country. Invertebrates are a good indicator of the condition of waterbodies. The presence of many invertebrate species and plants indicates clean water, cool temperatures and generally natural conditions. The booklet places particular emphasis on invertebrate groups which are recognised as useful indicators of water quality. Designed for those without a great deal of freshwater biological experience or access to laboratory facilities.

Montgomery, R L (1990) [Treaty of Waitangi] Implications for resource management. MSc thesis, Centre for Resource Management, University of Canterbury and Lincoln. 48pp. Notes: Bibliography p43-48. “Thou shalt take into account the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi and/or consider Mäori cultural, traditional, and spiritual values”. Treaty clauses require a reassessment of the methodology of resource management if Mäori and Pakeha values are to be treated in a consistent manner. Discusses their application to management practises in the context of coastal management policy.

Morgan, Bronwyn et al… (2003) Host Communities: siting and effects of facilities. Case study: an analysis of the host community experience of the Woolworths supermarket in Ferrymead, Christchurch. Working Paper FS 33, Public Good Science Fund Contract TRAX0203. Taylor Baines & Associates, Christchurch. Notes: With J Baines, B Buckenham & M MCCaw.

Morgan, R K (2001) Evaluation in the AEE process: issues, processes and methods. In: Lumsden, (ed) Assessment of Environmental Effects: information, evaluation and outcomes, Centre for Advanced Engineering, university of Canterbury, Christchurch, p137-147. Notes:

Morgans, J F C (1969) The biology of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. In: The natural history of Canterbury [qv], G A Knox [ed.], Reed, Wellington, p553-565. Notes: Morland, Kim (ed) (1994) Water resources of the Canterbury region. An overview of values and resource management issues. Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch. Unpublished report U94/59. Notes:

Morland, Kim (2000) Restoring Bexley Wetland. Development Plan. City Design, Christchurch City Council. October 2000. 54 pp. Notes: Morrisey, D J (2003) Assessment of the ecological effects of construction of a pipeline across the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. NIWA Client Report, NEL 2003-001. NIWA, Nelson. 27 pp.

An Ihutai Bibliography 94 Notes:

Morrison, J P (1948) The Evolution of a City. The Story of Growth of the City and Suburbs of Christchurch, the Capital of Canterbury, in Years from 1850 to 1903. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. xvi, 197 pp. and 17 leaves of plates. Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p181-188) and index. Mortimer, C H (1941) The exchange of dissolved substances between mud and water in lakes. In: Journal Of Ecology, Vol. 29, No. 2, p280-329. Notes: Mortimer, C H (1942) The exchange of dissolved substances between the mud and water in lakes (continued). In: Journal Of Ecology, Vol. 30, No. 1, p147-201. Notes: Morton, John & Miller, Michael (1973) The New Zealand Seashore. Collins, London & Auckland. 638 pp. Notes: First edition 1968. Bibliography p620-630 and extensive taxonomic guide. A second edition of 1974. QV Ayling, T and Gunson, D. QV Morton, John (2004) Seashore Ecology… Morton, John (2004) Seashore Ecology of New Zealand and the Pacific. David Bateman Ltd. 504pp. Notes: The culmination of the life’s work of one of New Zealand’s most respected scientists. Animal and plant communities that exist where the margins of islands and continents slope into the sea. Index of taxonomic names and also of New Zealand placenames, subjects, common names… Scientific editor Bruce W Hayward. 380 illustrations. QV Morton, John & Miller, Michael (1973) The New Zealand Seashore.

Mulcock, C M (19??) Extracts from a report on bacteriological studies of the Avon River. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0240. Notes: c1976?

Mulcock, C M & Noonan, M J (1976) Bacterial studies of the Avon River, Christchurch, New Zealand. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0726. Notes: Mulcock, C M (1976) Bacteriological studies on the Avon River, Christchurch, New Zealand. Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the degree of MSc, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, [Joint Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Canterbury and Lincoln College]. Notes: Invertebrates, aquatic plants, water analysis, freshwater ecology. Mundy, A R (1968) A study of the biology of the sand flounder Rhombosolea plebia Richardson off the Canterbury coast. Unpublished PhD. Thesis, Zoology Department, Canterbury University. Notes: Musgrove, R J & Robb, J A (1986) A biological survey within the lower reaches of the Heathcote River. Unpublished report, Christchurch Drainage Board. May 1986. vi, 23 pp. Notes: A survey conducted over 3 months (summer 1984-1985) at 37 sites in the lower reaches. This established a baseline dataset for ‘before’ and ‘after’ comparisons of the Woolston Cut construction. Two salinity profiles also constructed. QV Christchurch Drainage Board (1980). Copy on shelf at Central Library 574.509931712 MUS. Also referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, item 25, box 2.

Murray-North Limited (1989) Sludge disposal options study. Murray-North Limited, Christchurch. Notes: Available at Christchurch City Council, Laboratory records.

An Ihutai Bibliography 95 Nairn, H J (1998) Fish fauna of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. Unpublished thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the degree of MSc in Environmental Science, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Nedwill, Courtney & Cuthbert, Edwin (1891) Remarks on the Christchurch District in connexion [sic] with its drainage, and the disposal of its sewage. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. Vol. 3, Christchurch. Notes: Referenced from Hercus, A I (1948) A City built Upon a Swamp - QV.

Neighbour, A M (1973) Outdoor recreation in Christchurch. A survey in activity patterns. Unpublished report, Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 92 pp. Notes: Includes estuarine activities. New Brighton Borough Council (1917) Application: Marine Electric Salt Works. New Brighton Borough Council, Christchurch. November 1917. Notes: An application on behalf of the Marine Solar Salt Office, to extract salt from the Estuary with an initial lease of 50 acres of mudflat in an embankment, with a final option of 300 acres. I can find no record that it ever commenced although the correspondence in this referenced file covers several years. Still inoperative in 1922 – QV Marine Electro-Solar Salt Works Ltd. (c1917) and Lyttelton Harbour Board (1922). Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1674 310/005 311, Box 949. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary – Drainage Board Proposed Dredging.

[New Brighton Library] (various) ‘The Estuary 1917’. File. Compiled by and held at the New Brighton Library. Notes: Principally a folder containing more recent newspaper articles and extracts from published books of estuarine relevance. Shelf No. (301716.1). Other relevant files at the New Brighton Library, local history section, are: Bromley 1854 - ; Estuary 1917- ; Parks & Reserves 1891- ; Rivers and Bridges 1886- .

New Zealand Conservation Authority (1997) Mäori Customary Use of Native Birds, Plants and other Traditional Materials. Interim report and Discussion Paper. New Zealand Conservation Authority, Wellington. Notes:

New Zealand Food Safety Authority (c2004) Wild foods review , Invertebrates section. ESR Report. 7-14 [p70-118]. Notes: Covers the Avon Heathcote Estuary shellfish: DDT, chlordane, lindane and dieldrin concentrations in cockles; metal content (cadmium and lead) in mud snails near the sewage outfall, lead and cadmium in spotted topshells from McCormacks Bay, and cadmium and lead in sea lettuce also from McCormacks Bay (1970s). Accessible at www.nzfsa.govt.nz/consumers/ wild-foods-review/esr-report-sections7-14.pdf. New Zealand Gazette (1919) Order in Council: Licensing Colonel Henry Smart Elgar Hobday… NZ Gazette, Wellington. [5]pp. Notes: “…to use and occupy a part of the foreshore and land below low-water mark in the Heathcote Estuary at the foot of Mt. Pleasant Road, Sumner, as a site for a jetty. Colonel H S E Hobday was Vice President of the Christchurch Yacht Club and drowned in the Estuary in June 1922. QV Hobday, Colonel H S E (1915). And see Harrison, Raymond J (1991) p129. The file from where this entry is referenced also contains various correspondence and sketches related to this application for a site near where the current Mt Pleasant Yacht Club stands. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1675 310/005, Box 949. Sumner Estuary – Tramway Reclamation and Embankment.

New Zealand Gazette (1934) Order in Council: Authorising the Sumner Borough Council to reclaim land at Monck’s Bay, in the estuary of the Avon and Heathcote rivers. NZ Gazette, Wellington. 2 August 1934. Notes: Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1675 310/005, Box 949. Sumner Estuary – Tramway Reclamation and Embankment.

An Ihutai Bibliography 96 New Zealand Gazette (1939) Extract from the New Zealand Gazette No. 27. 27 April 1939. p1216. Notes: Revokes the declaration of Main Highways and declares Public highways to be Main Highways. MH 62.19. Regarding Christchurch – Lyttelton via Sumner Main Highway and McCormacks Main Highway. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CAXP, CH150. Ministry of Works & Development, Christchurch. Box 611 – Heathcote County Council. Roading McCormacks Bay 1939-1954.

New Zealand Gazette (1954) Defining limits of Port of Lyttelton. Extract from NZ Gazette, Wellington. p1180. Notes: Dated 22 July 1954, the effect of the order was to exclude the Estuary of the Avon and Heathcote rivers from the jurisdiction of the Lyttelton Harbour Board. Subsequently transferring to the Christchurch Drainage Board. The port/canal of Christchurch movement reaches its end. Various correspondence between LHB, CDB and Christchurch City Council leading to this gazetting on file as referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1666 310, Box 947 – Avon Heathcote Estuary.

New Zealand Geographical Board & Te Punga, M T [ed.] (1978) He Korero Purakau Mo Nga Tau Na Hanahatanga A Nga Tupuna (Place Names of the Ancestors): a Maori oral history atlas. New Zealand Geographical Board, Wellington. Notes:

New Zealand Government (1953) Wildlife Act. New Zealand Government, Wellington. Notes: New Zealand Government (1977) Reserves Act. New Zealand Government, Wellington. Notes: New Zealand Government (1991) Resource Management Act. New Zealand Government, Wellington. . Notes: New Zealand Government (1996) Conservation Act. Government Printers, Wellington. Notes: New Zealand Government (1997) Town and Country Planning Act. Government Printers, Wellington. Notes:

New Zealand Government (1998) Ngai Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998. Part 14 - Ancillary Claims, Claim 7 (Te Ihutai), 387. Vesting of Te Ihutai site— Notes: “(1) In this section, “Te Ihutai site” means the land described by that name in Schedule 111. Schedule 111=”Te Ihutai Site means the land described as Canterbury Land District, Council, 4.0 hectares, approximately, being Sections 1, 2 and part Section 4, Reserve 91 (SO 3033). Part New Zealand Gazette 1886 page 209. Subject to survey as shown on Allocation Plan A 200 (SO 19865)”. “(2) The reservation of the Te Ihutai site as a local purpose (river protection) reserve is revoked. (3) The fee simple estate in the Te Ihutai site is vested in the ancillary claims trustees. See Ngai Tahu Deed of Settlement, Clause 14.8, Claim 7 (Te Ihutai). QV Te Runanga O Ngai Tahu & Her Majesty The Queen (1997).

New Zealand Historic Places Trust (1986) Eyre, Heathcote, Malvern, Oxford, Paparua, Rangiora & Waimairi Counties, including Christchurch city, Kaiapoi, Rangiora & Riccarton Boroughs. New Zealand Historic Places Trust, Wellington. Notes: New Zealand Society of Genealogists (1992) New Zealand river drownings, 1840- 1887: Drownings in the Avon River, Christchurch, 1850-1900. New Zealand Society

An Ihutai Bibliography 97 of Genealogists, Auckland. 1 microfiche. ISBN 0908770553. Notes: Available at Alexander Turnbull Library Ref Mfiche P 363.132 NZ.R 1992. Call no. FHC NZ/ BDM (FICHE) and on Microform at Central Library, Shelf No. 614.81 NEW.

Ngai Tahu (1998) Kaitiaki [tanga] Wananga. Otautahi 20-22 Hui Tangaru. Notes:

Ngai Tahu & Ngai Tuahuriri (1992) Report to Christchurch City Council plan review December 1992. Notes:

Ngai Tahu Negotiating Group (1997) Crown Settlement Offer: consultation document from the Ngai Tahu negotiating group. Ngai Tahu Publications Ltd., Te Karaka Special Edition. Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7935. Notes:

Nichols, Andrew P (1992) Lower Avon Bankworks, Resource Consent Application. Report for Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes:

Nicholls, Pip (2002) Sediment dumps in estuaries: filling in the gaps with a risk map. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 10, No. 4, p22-23. Notes: Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/ Nilsson, R J & Sutherland, D R (1973) Wader & Waterfowl Census – Avon Heathcote Estuary. Department of Conservation, Christchurch. Notes: A high tide census of 19 June 1973. Only 16 species noted, 2,605+ birds in total. Annotated map attached shows 7,710 birds recorded? Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Department of Conservation, Christchurch. CH603 (452 CABK?), Item 30/2/3, Wildlife Colonies & Habitat Heathcote Avon Rivers, 1973  .

Nipper, M, Snelder, T & Weatherhead, M (1996) Assessment of sediment toxicity in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary: draft. NIWA Consultancy Report No. 7056 to Canterbury Regional Council and Christchurch City Council. DBCN No. ACZ-3941. Notes: Nipper, M, Snelder, T & Weatherhead, M (1997) Assessment of sediment toxicity in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Report prepared for Environment Canterbury by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). Ecan Report No. U97/86; Ecan Record No. PU1C/5830, 1/03/1997. 21 pp. Notes: NIWA (1999) Effects of the Bromley Oxidation Ponds effluent on colour, clarity and oxygen concentrations in the water of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Technical Report No. 15. NIWA Client Report CHC99/26, Christchurch. For Christchurch City Council. April 1999. 6pp. Notes: Project No. WCL90501. Examined the issues relative to the discharge plume and surrounding water and discusses the question of whether the plume caused localised reductions in dissolved oxygen concentrations. Identifies the decline in population of some fish species.

NIWA (1999) Fish Resources of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and inshore Pegasus Bay (1999): current knowledge and assessment of effects of treated effluent discharge. NIWA Report CHC99/36. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 98 NIWA (2004) Benthos and sediments of the Christchurch wastewater pipeline route across the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. NIWA Report CHC2004-062. Notes:

NIWA (2004) Guide to New Zealand shore polychaetes. Annelid Resources Website. Notes: Accessible at http://biocollections.orgpub/ .

NIWA (2005) Assessment of fish populations in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. NIWA, Christchurch for Christchurch City Council. Notes: Produced for the City Water & Waste Unit, Christchurch City Council. First of six such surveys to be carried out, this the first - three before the commissioning of the ocean outfall and three to be produced after.

NIWA (2006) Assessment of fish populations in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. NIWA, Christchurch for Christchurch City Council. Notes: Produced for the City Water & Waste Unit, Christchurch City Council. First of six such surveys to be carried out, this the second - three before the commissioning of the ocean outfall and three to be produced after.

Noonan, M J & Robb, J A (1988) Confirmed and faecal coliform bacteria in cockles (Chione stutchburyi) in estuaries near Christchurch, New Zealand. A report prepared for the Christchurch Drainage Board. December 1988. 51pp. Notes: Bibliography p13-16. The 3 estuaries were Brooklands Lagoon, Avon Heathcote Estuary and Saltwater Creek Estuary. Copy available at Christchurch Polytechnic, City Campus, General Collection – shelf location TD736N00 and a copy on shelf at Central Library 628.1680993171 NOO. Noonan, M J (1998) Avon-Heathcote Estuary, issue and option development. Unpublished report for Christchurch City Council. Notes: A discussion based on some of the questions raised in the workshop on 29 September 1997. North Canterbury Catchment Board (1981) Objection No 2 to Christchurch City Council District Planning Scheme, Review 2. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0920. Notes:

Norton-Griffiths, M (1967) Some ecological aspects of the feeding behaviour of the oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) on the edible mussel (Mytilus edulus). In: Ibis, Vol. 109, p412-424. Notes:

O’Brien, J D (1969) A national policy for shoreline reserves. In: Coastal development surveyors, New Zealand Institute of Surveyors, Auckland. Notes:

O’Connor, Kevin F (2006) Statement of evidence to Commissioner/Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. May 2006. 8pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

O’Connnor, Kevin (2006) Estimating a nutrient balance. A ‘half-page’ proposal. K. O’Connor, Christchurch. 2 November 2006. ½ pp. Notes: Discusses the likely relevance of nutritional regimes of the waters of the Bay to the ecology and behaviour of flora and fauna of the same Bay and the procedural adaptation for sampling and measuring water columns and flows as well as water contaminants. Suggests that a major area of interest will be to identify how the waters of the Bay resemble and differ from the Estuary waters, at different stages of incoming and outgoing tide. Accessible online at http://www.ccc.govt.nz/Environment/McCormacksBay/. QV McCormacks Bay Steering Group.

An Ihutai Bibliography 99 Oceanic Consulting Pty. Ltd. (2005) Whole effluent toxicity in environmental management discharge. Stage 1 – Information collection and preliminary approaches in Australia and New Zealand. Prepared for Water Corporation of New South Wales. Report No. 433/1. 28pp. [16pp.] appendices. Notes: QV Oceanic Consulting Pty. Ltd. (2005) Stage 2.

Oceanic Consulting Pty. Ltd. (2005) Whole effluent toxicity in environmental management discharge. Stage 2 – Briefing document of WETT approaches in Australia and New Zealand. Prepared for Water Corporation of New South Wales. Report No. 433/2. Notes: QV Oceanic Consulting Pty. Ltd. (2005) Stage 1.

OCEL Consultants NZ. Ltd. (2003) Review of outfall construction techniques. Technical Report No. 3. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. OCEL Consultants NZ. Ltd., Christchurch for Christchurch City Council. August 2003. 51pp. [with 7 sketches]. Notes: 2 methods for the installation of a 200 metre outfall: 1. Installed by float and sink method ($26.8m) 2. Installed by dig and lay method ($25.17m). The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

OCEL Consultants NZ. Ltd. (2004) Diffuser overtrawl structure. Technical Report No. 6. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. For Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 12 July 2004. 3pp. Notes: With 3 folding plans of diffuser. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Odum, H T, Knox, G A & Campbell, D E (1983) Organization of a new ecosystem, exotic spartina salt marsh in New Zealand. Report to the National Science Foundation Exchange Program, New Zealand-United States. Gainesville, Florida: Center for Wetlands. 108 pp. Notes:

Ogilvie, Gordon (1978) The Port Hills of Christchurch. AH & AW Reed, Wellington. 246 pp. ISBN 0589010409. Notes: Locality map boundaries just skim the estuary edge - Redcliffs, Clifton and Mount Pleasant. Heathcote and Ferrymead and the European history are well covered.

Ogilvie, Gordon (1992) Picturing the Peninsula. Hazard Press, Christchurch. 151 pp. ISBN 0908790430. Notes:

Ogilvie, Gordon (1994) Banks Peninsula, Cradle of Canterbury. GP Print, Wellington. vii, 283 pp. ISBN 1869561139. Notes: Bibliography p249-267.

An Ihutai Bibliography 100 Ogilvie, G (2000) Enjoying the Port Hills, Christchurch. Caxton Press, Christchurch. October 2000. 216 pp. ISBN 0908563906. Notes: 2 folding maps tipped inside rear card cover – western Port Hills and eastern Port Hills. Much on the Estuary, Mt Pleasant, Ferrymead, Redcliffs and their tracks and history. Revised in April 2001.

Oh, C S (1990) To assess the health of weeping willows along the lower Heathcote River, Christchurch following seawater intrusion. Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of BForSc, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

O’Keeffe, Mary (2001) Heathcote Valley: a survey and archaeological assessment. Unpublished report for the Christchurch City Council (draft). Notes:

Oliver, T & Kirk, R M (1992) Extreme high water levels in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Prepared for the Heathcote River Floodplain Management Investigation; Unpublished report to Drainage Unit, Christchurch City Council; Ecan Record No. LI1C/7495, 1/02/1992. 19 pp. DBCN No. ABT-0884. Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p18-19). Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 551.4708099317116 OLI .

Oliver, T & Peters, R M (1993) Heathcote river flood study. Drainage and Waste Management Unit, Christchurch City Council; Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7507. Notes:

Oliver, T (1998) Heathcote River floodplain study: updated analysis and assessment of mitigation measures. Water Services Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. DBCN No. ACZ-2745. Notes:

Oliver, W R B (1955) New Zealand Birds. A. H. & A. W. Reed, Wellington. 661 pp. Notes: The complete reference book on the subject. First edition was 1930. This is the revised and enlarged second edition.

Olsen, D L (1992) Reproductive biology and population ecology of Cyclograpsus lavauxi (Brachyura: Grapsidae) in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Opinions Market Research Ltd. (2000) Opinions research. Christchurch City wastewater discharge Technical Report No. 30. Report prepared for Christchurch City Council. October 2000. 65pp. + appendices. Notes: OMR Ref. No. 2891. A review of the public consultation programme undertaken by the Christchurch City Council, post Christchurch City Council recommendation. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Opinions Market Research Ltd. (2004) Market research representative survey report for: ocean outfall consultation with Christchurch residents. Technical Report No. 26. Carried out for Christchurch City Council. OMR Ltd. reference #3213, November 2004. 55pp. + appendices include Executive summary of report and conclusions – 9pp. Notes: The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus

An Ihutai Bibliography 101 Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Optimax Research Associates (1997) Matters of resource management significance to takata [tangata] whenua in regard to the Ihutai (Estuary), Opawaho (Heathcote River), and Steam Wharf Stream. Optimax Research Associates, Christchurch; DBCN No. ADD-9759. Notes: Optimax Research Associates (1997) Overview of matters of resource management significance to takata whenua in regard to the waterways, wetlands, estuaries and coastal areas of Christchurch. Report prepared for the Water Services Unit of the Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: ORA Environmental Services (1999) Summary of research undertaken for the Avon, Heathcote, Styx and . ORA Environmental Services, Christchurch. Notes:

Orman, Tony (2003) Sea Fishing from Rock, Beach, Estuary and Boat. Hyndman, Dunedin. 64 pp. ISBN 1877168793. Notes: “A New Zealand fishing handbook”. Includes bibliographical references p60-61.

Orbell, M (1985) The Natural World of the Maori. Collins, Auckland. 230 pp. ISBN 0002172194. Notes: Photographs by Geoff Moon. And a later edition of 1989. O’Regan, T (1991) Old myths and new politics-some contemporary uses of traditional history. J C Beaglehole Memorial Lecture, New Zealand Historical Association Conference, Christchurch, 11 May 1991. Notes: O’Regan, T (1996) Ngai Tahu & Conservation. In: Te Karaka, Vol. 5, p46-47. Notes:

Owen, S-J [ed.] (1992) The Estuary - Where our Rivers Meet the Sea: Christchurch’s Avon-Heathcote Estuary and Brooklands Lagoon. Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council. v, 137 [61] pp. DBCN No. ABO-2132; ISBN 0473015951. Notes: Table of Contents: 1. A sense of time and place by Robert Harris; 2. As it was by R Harris; 3. A biological powerhouse by S-J Owen; 4. Birds of the estuary by A Crossland; 5. The ecology and birdlife of Brooklands Lagoon by A Crossland, S-J Owen & R Harris; 6. The last 150 years by J Deely; 7. Recreation by R Harris. Water, Maori, Heritage Wastes, Coasts, Biodiversity. Includes bibliographical references (p[52-57]. Also a leaflet – (A4 folded) extolling the publication’s virtues. Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 577.78 EST. Owen, S-J (1992) A biological powerhouse: the ecology of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. In: The Estuary: Where Our Rivers Meet the Sea, S J Owen [ed.], Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch, p30-61. DBCN No. ABO-2132; ISBN 0473015951. Notes: Park, S G (1999) Changes in abundance of seagrass (Zostera spp.) in Tauranga Harbour from 1959-96. Environment Bay of Plenty, Whakatane. Environmental report 99/30. November 1999. 19pp. ISSN 11725850. Notes: Includes references and has relevance to the seagrass of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. This report represents the results of mapping and accessing changes in abundance of seagrass in Tauranga Harbour between 1959 and 1996.

An Ihutai Bibliography 102 Seagrass beds have high ecological values and contribute to harbour ecosystem in terms of stabilising the seabed and preventing erosion, providing food and shelter for a range of small animals, increased habitat complexity and hence species diversity. Seagrass beds are particularly sensitive to human induced impacts that result in a decrease in the levels of light reaching the seabed. Of similar interest is Park’s ‘Changes in abundance of seagrass (Zostera marina) in southern Tauranga Harbour., Environmental report 1999/12. The primary entry is accessible at http://www.ebop.govt.nz/coast/media/pdf/SeagrassTgaHar59to96.pdf.

Parkinson, Brian (2001) Common Insects of New Zealand. Reed New Zealand Nature Series, Auckland. 96 pp. ISBN 079000786X. Notes: Colour photographs and descriptions of some 55 species. Partridge, Trevor (1989) Vegetation and management of the saltmarsh at the south end of South Brighton Domain Christchurch. DSIR Botany Division report for the Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Partridge, T R, Meurk, C D & Zanders, D K (1999) An ecological assessment of riverside vegetation, restoration plantings on the lower Avon and Heathcote rivers and estuary, Christchurch. Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln, Canterbury. DBCN No. ADA-9219. Notes: Partridge, Trevor (2002) Decline of Sea Rush Salt Marshes in the Lower Heathcote Estuary. Canterbury Ecology Consultancy Service, Christchurch. Prepared for Christchurch City Council. April 2004. Report CECS 04/02. 20 pp. Notes: Sedimentation, Ferrymead Loop, Heathcote River, Juncus krausii.

Partridge, Trevor (2004) Weed problems in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and options for their management. Canterbury Ecology Consultancy Services, Christchurch. For Christchurch City Council. CECS04/02. Notes:

Patrick, M (1987) Maori values of soil and water. In: Soil & Water, Autumn 1987, p22-30. Notes:

Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd (1994) Issues and options for managing the Styx River floodplain. Prepared for Christchurch City Council C169. Notes:

Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd (1995) Simulations of stream depletion for an abstraction well bounded by two streams. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U95/21. Notes:

Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd (1997) Summary report of working party findings on artificial recharge feasibility for Christchurch-West Melton 1990-1992. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/36. Notes:

Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd (1997) Suspended sediments effects on artificial recharge in the Christchurch-West Melton Area. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U97/5. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 103 Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd (1998) Report on the application of a resource consent for stormwater disposal via ground soakage in the Upper Heathcote Catchment. Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd; prepared for Christchurch City Council. Notes:

Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd (1998) Christchurch – West Melton groundwater system: variation in water balance. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/5. Notes:

Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd (1998) Summary Report of working party findings on artificial recharge feasibility for Christchurch-West Melton 1990-1992. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/36, June 1998. Notes:

Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd & Callander, P F (1999) Artificial recharge: suspended sediment database for the Waimakariri River and Paparua Water Race: third sample collection series. Canterbury Regional Council File IN6C-0036, March 1999. Notes:

Paul, L J (2000) New Zealand Fishes: Identification, Natural History and Fisheries. Reed, Auckland. viii, 253 pp. ISBN 0790006545. Notes: Bibliography p246-247.

Pavelka, Gay (2000) Summary of the Christchurch Wastewater Working Party and Public Consultation and summary of the consultation with Tangata Whenua from November 1996-May 2000. Christchurch City wastewater discharge Technical Report No. 31. Report prepared for Christchurch Wastewater Working Party and Public Consultation. Various paginations. Notes: The first section describes the public participation and consultation on wastewater management up to the time the Wastewater Working Party recommendation was made to the Christchurch City Council. The second section describes the participation of Tangata whenua in wastewater discussions with the Christchurch City Council. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Pearse, B R (1950) Recent changes in the Sumner foreshore and estuary and influences involved – 2 volumes. Unpublished MA thesis in Geography, Canterbury University College, Christchurch. Vol. 1, 115pp. Notes:

Peart, Raewyn (2005) The Community Guide to Coastal Development under the Resource Management Act 1991. Environmental Defence Society, Swanson, Auckland. viii, 155pp. ISBN 0958264112. Notes: A guide to the promotion of high quality costal development under the RMA and resource consent applications for such development. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.917 PEA. Guide to the RMA accessible at www.rmaguide.org.nz or www.eds.org.nz.

Pearson, E W (1972) Notes of a speech by Mr E W Pearson to Ecology Action seminar on 5th August 1972. Christchurch. 7pp. Notes: Covers CDB use of the Estuary and land drainage issues. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/53. Penney, S E W (1982) The Estuary of Christchurch: A History of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary - its communities, clubs, controversies and contributions. Penney Ash Publications, Christchurch. 296pp.

An Ihutai Bibliography 104 Notes: A most detailed and comprehensive history particularly from European settlement. Companion to Penney’s ‘Beyond the City’ and ‘Lake Ellesmere to Te Pirita’. Copy available at Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 993.83 PEN. Also see Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1666 310, Box 947 – various correspondence between Penney and LHB seeking photographs of vessel types and names of wharves along the Heathcote River.

Penniket, J R (1982) Common Seashells. A. H & A. W. Reed Ltd., Wellington and Auckland. 79 pp. ISBN 0589014005. Notes: Some 125 shell species described and illustrated. Mobil New Zealand Nature Series of small ringbound handbooks which also include Common Birds in New Zealand 1, 2 and 3 by Marshall and Kinsky, Freshwater Fish by R M McDowall and Seashore Life by R K Dell and Eric Heath. Phillips, N C, Macmillan, D and Gardner, W J [eds.] (1965 & 1972) A History of Canterbury. Volumes 1 and 2. Vol. 1, p[511]-524; Vol. 2, p[515]-525). Notes: Vol. 2. General history, 1854-76, and cultural aspects, 1850-1950 by G. C. Hensley, W. H. Scotter [and others]. - Vol. 3. 1876-1950 by W. H. Scotter. Also see Phillips, N C… Pickering, Mark (editor) (1998) Walk Christchurch: 60 short walks that explore our city. Leisure Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 92 pp. Notes: Compiled by Kjesten Nilsson, Karen Theobald and Lesley Symington. Includes Avon River and estuary. Pickering, Mark (editor) (2000) Walk Away!: A Guide to Walking Places in Canterbury. P. Pub, Christchurch. 76 pp. Notes: Includes Avon River and estuary. Pilkington, R M (1992) Spatial and temporal variation in the growth and condition of Austrovenus stutchburyi from the Avon Heathcote Estuary. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 99pp. Notes: Planning Tribunal (1990) Canterbury Orchard Services Ltd v Canterbury Regional Council. Decision C 41/90 (4 July 1990). Notes:

Polo, J F & Ramis, F J R (1983) Simulation of salt water-fresh water interface motions and saltwater in a coastal aquifer. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1062. Notes:

Popay, Ian, et al… (2004) An Illustrated Guide to Common Weeds of New Zealand. New Zealand Plant Protection Society. 2nd edn., Bruce Roy. 314 pp. ISBN 0473097605. Notes: With Paul Champion, Trevor James and Anis Rahman. Popular and indispensable tool in the identification and management of weeds in New Zealand, now in its second edition. Colour photographs and simple text aid in identification. Plants are listed by both botanical and common names. The usefulness and toxicity of plants are also addressed. This expanded edition contains many new and clearer photographs and several species, which didn’t feature in the first edition, including all the woody ferns and some additional trees. The text has been modified from the first edition to accommodate changes to the legislation governing pest plants.

Potts, T H (1882) Out in the Open: A Budget of Scraps of Natural History gathered in New Zealand. The Lyttelton Times Co., Christchurch. 301 pp. Notes: Many of the papers were originally contributed to the New Zealand Country Journal or revised papers read before the Philosophical Societies of Wellington and Canterbury. Much benign observations on contemporary Maori custom and tikanga. Potts had an interest in all the biological sciences, lived at ‘Ohinetahi’ at Governor’s Bay and spent time investigating the areas of Banks Peninsula and environs. Facsimile reprint issued by Capper Press in 1976. Also see Potts, T.H. (1869) ‘On the Birds of New Zealand’. Trans. & Proc. NZ Inst. Vol. 2, p40-78. and Potts, T.H. (1870) ‘On the Birds of New Zealand, Part two’. Trans. & Proc. NZ Inst. Vol 3, p59-109.

Powell, A W B (1976) Shells of New Zealand. Whitcoulls Ltd., Christchurch and Auckland. 154 pp. ISBN 072330470X.

An Ihutai Bibliography 105 Notes: The 5th and revised edition of a handbook initially published in 1937 under the title of The Shellfish of New Zealand. Covers a total of 2256 species and subspecies of which some 555 species are illustrated. Takes the advanced student beyond Suter’s Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. The modern species ‘splitters’ get back at the older regime species ‘lumpers’. Powell, A W B (1979) New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Collins, Auckland. xiv, 500 pp. ISBN 0002169061. Notes: Bibliography p459-469. Prater, Tony (1981) Estuary Birds of Britain and Ireland. Calton : Poyser, London. 440 pp., [16] pp. of plates. ISBN 0856610291. Notes: Illustrated by John Busby and of estuarine relevance.

Pratt, Chris (2000) Review of water quality guidelines. Christchurch City wastewater discharge Technical Report No. 22. Prepared for Christchurch City Council. 1 September 2000. Various paginations [c30pp.]. Notes: Summarises the relevant regional, national and international standards and identifies the likely dilution factors required to meet those guidelines. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Pratt, Chris (2000) Assessment of Avon and Heathcote river contaminant mass loads. Technical Report No. 12. Final report from Woodward- Clyde for the Christchurch City Council. 2 February 2000. 9pp. + [36]pp. appendices. Notes: Prepared by Chris Pratt and authorised by Cliff Tipler. Reference AC-AC266667/704/R001A2. New measurements storm events were combined with past records to describe the pattern of contamination entering the Estuary from two rivers. The report states that almost all sediments enter the Estuary during storms, and that most nitrogen enters during dry weather. For phosphorus dry weather flows bring half of the Avon’s contributions, whereas they bring only about 25 per cent of the Heathcote’s, likely source being the Ravensdown Fertiliser Co. Hornby. The annual contribution of reactive phosphorus is 3.2 tonnes from the Avon and 5 tonnes from the Heathcote. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Preston, D C (1997) Evidence for presentation to a Commissioner appointed by Canterbury Regional Council and Christchurch City Council in the matter of the Resource Management Act 1991. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 6pp. Notes: The matter of applications for resource consent for the relocation of the Kibblewhite Reserve stopbank. Preston provides information on the proposed landscape plan for the serpentine alignment of a new stopbank. QV Vodder, C.

Price, A (1992) Quinnat salmon. Heathcote River, Christchurch. Unpublished diary notes May 1992 to August 1992. [?Aquatic Ecology Ltd., Christchurch]. Notes: Referenced from Taylor, Mark J (2003).

Price, F R (1962) Treatment works. Christchurch Drainage Board information booklet. 16pp. Notes: QV Christchurch Drainage Board (19??). Pryor, R J (1984) The Avon River: a recreation reserve for Christchurch. Dissertation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for DipLA, Lincoln College, Lincoln, Canterbury. Notes: Raucher, R L (1986) The benefits and costs of policies related to groundwater contamination. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1140. Notes:

Ray, D (editor) (2002) New Zealand municipal wastewater monitoring guidelines. New Zealand Water Environment Research Foundation. October 2002. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 106 Readers Digest (1985) Readers Digest Complete Book of New Zealand Birds. Readers Digest, Auckland and Reed Methuen. 319pp. Readers Digest - ISBN 0949819977; Reed Methuen - ISBN 0474000486. Notes: Bibliography p319. Redcliffs Primary School Jubilee Committee (1982) Redcliffs Primary School, 1907- 1982: 75th anniversary, Labour weekend 1982. Redcliffs Primary School Jubilee Committee, Christchurch. [24] pp. Notes: Reed, A H (1988) A Dictionary of Maori Placenames. Heinemann Reed. Notes: Reed, J J (1951) Marine sediments near Sumner, Canterbury, New Zealand. In: New Zealand. Journal of Science & Technology, Vol. 33(B), p129-137. Notes: Rekker, J (1997) Christchurch – West Melton groundwater system: implementation of a high resolution representation of seepage-fed rivers in the Christchurch area. Report prepared by Aquafirma Ltd. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U97/56. Notes:

Richardson, David & Denny (2001) The First 125: the Anglican Parish of Summer- Redcliffs, 1876-2001. Sumner-Redcliffs Parish Vestry, Christchurch. 48 pp., [8] pp. of plates. ISBN 0473081482. Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 283.9383 RIC.

Ridder, C H C (1936) Access to the Sea. The Case for Canterbury. Reprint Christchurch Star-Sun. 24th August 1936. 2 pp. Notes: A canal by way of Heathcote and Halswell Rivers, from the Estuary to Lake Ellesmere. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. . QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J. Ridgen, Jenny & McCombs, Kate (2000) Site visit to the estuary edge adjacent to the oxidation ponds. Technical Report No. 17. For Christchurch City Council. Notes: A vegetation survey of the estuary edge adjacent to the Oxidation Ponds – 150 metres either side of the road between oxidation ponds 5 and 6 and along the margin between the ponds and estuary, and the likely location of the diffuser structure. List of plants and colour photographs appended. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Ridgeway, N (1984) Tsunami hazard in New Zealand. In: Scientific, Economic and Social Reviews of Natural Hazards in New Zealand, J W D Hessell, R H F Holloway, D G Knowles & J L Roberts [eds], National Commission of UNESCO, Wellington, p375- 382. Notes: Rimmer, Wayne (1997) New Brighton Beach Park landscape development plan. Prepared by Landscape Architect Ltd. in association with the Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. March 1997.18 pp. Notes: “ ... this document is the second stage of development concepts for the revitalisation of the New Brighton Beach Park to complement the New Brighton Pier ...”.

An Ihutai Bibliography 107 Robb, Christina (2000) New Zealand guidelines for utilisation of sewage effluent on land. New Zealand Land Treatment Collective : Forest Research, Rotorua. 2 volumes 36pp. and x, 180 pp. ISBN 0478110057 (set). Notes: Pt. 1. The design process / Christina Robb and Greg Barkle. Pt. 2. Issues for design and management / L. J. Whitehouse, H. Wang and M. D. Tomer, editors. Pt. 1 issued in pocket inside front cover of Pt. 2. Copy available at the Engineering Library, University of Canterbury, TD 760 .N5325 2000. Bib#: 746719.

Robb, Jim A (19??) The Christchurch rivers. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-0400. Notes: No further details.

Robb Jim A (1966) An ecological study of Chironomous zealandicus. Unpublished MSc thesis, Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Distribution of microfauna. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, items 19-58, box 2.

Robb Jim A (1966) A study on the influence of selected environmental factors on the egg and larval instars of the midge Chironomus zealandicus Hudson. Unpublished MSc thesis, Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. iii, 130 leaves, [16] leaves of plates. Notes: Distribution of microfauna. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, items 19-58, box 2. Copy also available at the Engineering Library, University of Canterbury, Shelved on level 2, QL 537.C5.R631 1966, Bib#: 383757.

Robb, Jim A (1974) An ecological study of the Bromley oxidation ponds and surrounding environs. PhD thesis in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. iv, 206 leaves, [8] leaves of plates. Notes: Copy available at Canterbury University Library, TD 622.6 .C5 .R631 1974. Robb, Jim A, et al… (1975) Unpublished map of Zostera muelleri on the Avon- Heathcote Estuary. Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Notes: With Penticost, L, Whittaker, R & Macpherson, J. Robb, Jim A (1976) The Avon-Heathcote estuary: a current appraisal. Extract from the Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators Newsletter, December 1976; Ecan Record No. LI1C/0258, 1/12/1976. 5 pp. Notes: Robb, Jim A (1980) A biological survey of rivers in the metropolitan Christchurch area and outlying areas, Part 1:- the Avon Heathcote and Styx Rivers and their tributaries. Christchurch Drainage Board; Ecan Record No. LI1C/0918, 20/03/1980. 219 pp. Notes: Copies on shelf at Central Library 577.64 ROB. Robb, Jim A (1981) A bacteriological survey of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand. Christchurch Drainage Board; Ecan Record No. LI1C/0434, 17/11/1981. 101 pp. DBCN No. ABS-3402. Notes: Copy available at Christchurch Polytechnic, City Campus, General Collection - shelf location QH541.5.E8CHR and a copy on shelf at Central Library 628.168099317116 ROB. Robb Jim A (1988) Seawater intrusion up the Heathcote River. Documentation data to date and a brief appraisal. Unpublished Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board. 2 February 1988. Notes: Predominantly tables and figures. Appendix 2 is sampling localities and a map of some 35 of them. Distribution of microfauna. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, items 19-58, box 2. Also rreferenced from Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility.

An Ihutai Bibliography 108

Robb, Jim A (1989) A biological evaluation of McCormacks Bay. Report by the Christchurch Drainage Board Laboratory, Christchurch. 10 pp. Notes: Details the results of the biological survey recommended in the preliminary management plan of 1988, carried out early February to mid April 1989. Material from this was incorporated into the Management Plan released to the public in May 1989 (QV MB2 Christchurch City Council (1989) McCormacks Bay: draft reserve management plan May 1989. ). It uses the same 12 sites for sampling. Table 1 is of the sediment texture from the 12 sites (p4) and this is discussed at 3.1 (p5). Table 2 shows the distribution of benthic algae and fauna at February 1989 at the 12 sites. Copy on shelf at Central Library 574.5099317116 ROB.

Robb, Jim A (1990) Bromley treatment works. “Water Rights” memo to Drainage & Waste Manager, Christchurch City Council. Notes:

Robb, Jim A (1991) Waterlevel / chlorinity studies, Heathcote stopbanks. Background report for Christchurch Drainage Board. Notes: Tidal control structure feasibility study. Referenced from Lower Heathcote River Task Force Tidal Control Study Team (1990) Lower Heathcote River tidal control structure pre-feasibility.

Robb, Jim A (1992) A biological re-evaluation of the Avon River catchment 1989-90. Report prepared for the Christchurch City Council; Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7503. May 1992. 70 pp. Notes: Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, Shelf No. 628.1610993171 ROB.

Robb, Jim A (1992) Environmental monitoring for the proposed Avon-Heathcote estuary and rivers catchment and floodplain management plan. Report prepared for the Christchurch City Council by the Drainage & Waste Management Unit Laboratory. Ecan Record No. LI1C/6641. December 1992. 195pp. Notes: With appendices of maps and tables of chemical, bacteriological and heavy metal data from the Avon and Heathcote catchment, the oxidation ponds, drains and the Estuary at both high and low tide. Includes sediments and cockle tissue sampling. Detailed results of the laboratory study of January 1989 – July 1992. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, Shelf No. 628.1610993171 ROB. Robb, Jim A (1993) Christchurch City surface water quality data 1992 - 93. Report prepared for the Christchurch City Council by the Drainage and Waste Management Unit Laboratory. 209pp. Notes: Robb, Jim A & Voyce L I (1993) An ecological survey of the lower reaches of the Heathcote River affected by the Woolston Cut: 1978-1993. Report for the Christchurch City Council; Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-6102. November 1993. 76 pp. Notes: Robb, Jim A (1993) Water level changes in stopbanking adjoining the lower reaches of the Heathcote River. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Robb, Jim A (1994) A biological re-evaluation of the Heathcote River catchment 1989-91. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Copy on file at Christchurch City Council. Robb, Jim A & Cooper, D A (1994) High tide salinity data - Heathcote River September-November 1993. Christchurch City Council Waste Management Unit Laboratory, Christchurch. Notes: Copy on file at Christchurch City Council.

An Ihutai Bibliography 109 Robb, Jim A [et al.] (1994) A botanical survey of the Avon, Heathcote and Styx Rivers and their tributaries and the city outfall drain 1993-94. Christchurch City Council Waste Management Unit Laboratory, June 1994; Ecan Record No. LI1C/6208, 143 pp. 1/06/1994. Notes: With Manning, M J, Marshall, A McGill. Taxonomic listing of plants p141-143 Robb, Jim A (1994) Christchurch City surface water quality data 1993-94. Report prepared for the Christchurch City Council by the Drainage and Waste Management Unit Laboratory. 205pp. Notes: Copy on file at Christchurch City Council. Robb, Jim A (1997) A critical review of NIWA Consultancy Report No CCC60502 “Review of the water services and waste management unit’s environmental monitoring program”. Report prepared for the Christchurch City Council Waste Management Unit. Notes: Copy on file at Christchurch City Council.

Robert L. Stephenson and Graeme L. Lyon (1982) Carbon-13 depletion in an estuarine bivalve: Detection of marine and terrestrial food sources. Oecologia, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Volume 55, Number 1, October 1982, p110-113. Notes: Stable carbon isotope analysis was used to define the food sources of bivalve Chione (Austrovenus) stutchburyi in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand. C. stutchburyi tissue were significantly different (from -16.7% to -23.5% relative to the PDB standard) at five locations separated by less than 4 km but subject to different hydrological regimes. This is related to differences in the isotopic composition of the suspended particulate matter of the inflowing water. C. stutchburyi is shown to utilise carbon of terrestrial and marine origin depending upon its position within the estuary and local hydrology. Stephenson from the Zoology Department, University of Canterbury and Lyon from the DSIR, Lower Hutt.

Roberts, E F & Cashin, J A (1951) Report upon dredging Sumner Estuary channels. Unpublished Report to the Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. June 1951. 8pp. Notes: Supports suction dredging for the channels and the utilisation of CDB plant to achieve that. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/50 and also various associated correspondence in the Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1674 310/005 311, Box 949. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary – Drainage Board Proposed Dredging. QV Hydraulic Research Station.

Robertson, Barry et al… (2005) Estuarine environmental assessment and monitoring: a national protocol. Prepared for supporting Councils and the Ministry for the Environment. Sustainable Management Fund contract No. 5096. Part A – Development, 93pp. Part B – Appendices, 159pp. Part C – Field sheets, 40pp. Notes: With P.Gillespie, R. Asher, S. Fisk, N. Keeley, G. Hopkins, S. Thompson and B. Tukey.

Robertson, Barry (2005) Review of AEE [Assessment of Environmental Effects]: proposed changes to ammonia conditions. Report for Environment Canterbury by the Cawthron Institute, Nelson. May 2006. 6pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1. Concluding that the relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit will almost certainly lead to exceedance of relevant and appropriate environmental limits for ammonia toxicity and increased lethality up to 700 metres from the outfall. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Robertson, Barry (2006) Brief of Evidence to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. Cawthron Institute, Nelson . 7 (2)pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Robertson, Hugh & Heather, Barrie (2005) Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand. Viking Press, Auckland. 440 pp.

An Ihutai Bibliography 110 Notes: The only guide to be officially endorsed by the Ornithological Society of New Zealand. This revised edition includes the latest information and an introduction to key bird-watching sites. Every bird species of New Zealand is represented in 74 high-quality colour paintings, including rare and recently extinct species. Details on the distribution, habitats, populations, conservation, breeding, behaviour, and feeding habits are included for each species, based on the latest research. Comprehensive and easy-to-use guide also includes distribution maps and in-depth guide to field identification. Illustrated by Onley, Derek J.

Robertson, Hugh & Heather, Barrie (1999) Hand Guide to the Birds of New Zealand. Penguin Books. 168 pp. ISBN 014028835X. Notes: A more portable version of The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand but with reduced text. Officially endorsed by the Ornithological Society of New Zealand. Comprehensive and easy-to-use. Introduces key bird-watching sites. Introduces key bird-watching sites. Ideal for use in the field. Every bird species in New Zealand represented in 74 original, full page, colour paintings, including rare & recently extinct birds. Paintings by a leading New Zealand bird artist and text by two renowned New Zealand bird experts, assisted by many other bird-watchers and scientists

Rodrigo, A G (1988) The Avon-Heathcote Estuary - an analysis of the distribution of sediments and their associated heavy metals with special relevance to its effects on the distribution of the mudflat snail Amphibola crenata. MSc thesis in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Rodrigo, A G (1989) Superficial sediment-heavy metal associations in the Avon- Heathcote Estuary, New Zealand. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 23: p255-262. Notes: Adsorbed Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni were extracted from superficial sediment samples of 330 sites in the Avon- Heathcote Estuary. Total adsorbed heavy-metal concentration (TAHM) in each site was shown to be highly correlated with mean sediment surface area. However, the relative contributions of sediment fractions to TAHM varied bimodally with decreasing particle size. In particular, the very fine silt and clay fractions showed less contribution to TAHM than coarser sediment grades including fine sand. result implies that, paradoxically, estuarine sediments which consist predominantly of fine silts and clays may have fewer heavy-metal ions to contribute to the chemical environment of the estuary than coarser sediments. Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1989/29.php.

Rodrigo, Y A (1996) Algae and water quality: a survey of the filamentous algae in the Heathcote River, Christchurch. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in Environmental Science, Department of Plant and Microbial Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Roper, D S, Simons, M J & Jones M B (1983) Distribution of zooplankton in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 17, p 267-278. Notes: Zooplankton of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary was studied at approximately 2-weekly intervals for 6 months over the autumn-winter period. Samples were collected at high tide during the day at 5 stations distributed from the northern head to the estuary mouth. Ninety-three taxa were identified; most were coastal, marine plankters. Estuarine species included the copepods Gladioferens pectinatus and Halicyclops neglectus, and the ostracods Leptocythere spp. and Propontocyp- ris sp. Some organisms showed evidence of seasonality, but for most, numbers fluctuated markedly between fortnightly samples with no indication of any seasonal patterns. The data confirm the variable nature of estuarine plankton reported elsewhere. Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1983/23.php. Roper-Lindsay, Judith (1991) Environmental Manual. Rivers engineering works in Canterbury region. Boffa Miskell & Partners, Christchurch. June 1991. Various paginations. ISBN 186937138. Notes: Roper-Lindsay, Judith (1992) Urban river study, Heathcote River. In: Sustainable management and the Resource Management Act. Proceedings of a seminar held 20 February 1992 at the Centre for Advanced Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. ISBN No. 0959800271. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 111 Roper-Lindsay, Judith (1994) Tales of the riverbank – examples of bank restoration on urban rivers. In: Collier K J (editor), Restoration of Aquatic Habitats. 17 pp. Notes: Selected papers of the New Zealand limnological Society 1993 Annual conference. Department of Conservation. Examines projects undertaken on the Avon and the Heathcote Rivers and the use of native species. Roper-Lindsay, J (1997) Evidence for presentation to a Commissioner appointed by Canterbury Regional Council and Christchurch City Council in the matter of the Resource Management Act 1991. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: The matter of applications for resource consent for the relocation of the Kibblewhite Reserve stopbank. Roper Lindsay covers the ecology of the site, and an assessment of potential and actual effects for the proposal on the ecology of the area. QV Vodder, C. Rosenberg, D R (1963) Report on a biological investigation of the Estuary of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. Unpublished report, Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Notes: Copy on shelf at Dunedin Public Library. Rossiter, P (1997) Quality assurance of well and consent data for Halswell/LII catchment. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U97/49. Notes:

Royds Garden Consultants (1993) Avon-Heathcote Estuary and rivers: water quality / ecology overview. Ecan Record No. LI1C/6067 and PU1C/6227. 1/11/1993. 34 pp. Notes: This report gives an overview of water quality and ecological features of the Estuary and discusses the management implications of particular trends or problems identified in the various reports that have been undertaken on the Estuary. Royds Garden Consultants (1996) Heathcote floodplain management strategy. Christchurch City Council. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-7508. Notes: Royds, Sutherland and McLeay (1971) Estuary investigation – model studies. Unpublished Report to the Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Report No. 1242. 10pp. Notes: Notes and comments (page by page analysis) by engineers of the Christchurch Drainage Board and its consultants on the report prepared by the Wallingford Hydraulic Research Station (QV) on its model studies dealing with flood alleviation. Forwarded to Wallingford. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633/50.

Royds Sutherland and McLeay & Powell Fenwick and Partners (1973) Report on Christchurch drainage investigation: with special reference to the Avon and Heathcote Rivers and the Estuary. Report prepared for the Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. December 1973. 1 volume (various paginations – c41pp.). Notes: Report on flood control investigations begun 1964. Includes folding plans of such as the fish belly flap gates, water inflatable weir, channels, etc. Maps. QV Mawson, A H. Copy on shelf at Central Library 627.124 ROY. Rowntree, John B (1945) Sewage treatment in New Zealand. Paper presented to the New Zealand Institution of Engineers, Wellington. 71pp. Notes: With a marvellous sewage bibliography p67. Black and white photographs and diagrams throughout. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, box 5, item 95. Rule, Stanley M (1980) [Extracts from G F Allen’s scrapbook]. Sumner and Redcliffs Historical Society. Notes: An unpublished summary produced for the Christchurch City Engineer’s Department, Christchurch City Council. With appendices by R H Findlay (QV). Copy held at Christchurch City Council and Sumner and Redcliffs Historical Society.

An Ihutai Bibliography 112 Rule, Stanley M (1994) Sumner Volunteer Fire Brigade, 1894-1994. P. Pub., Christchurch. Notes: History of early settlement, detailed chronological history of brigade and with notes on the major fires. The Sumner Redcliffs Historical Society holds the material (Y2572 covering the years 1894-1994) and information collected for the Centennial in 1994 including a copy of the history book of the Brigade, 1894-1994. Contains information about the Sumner area from Godley Head to Heathcote Bridge and major Christchurch fires. Includes minute books, photographs etc. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 352.3 RUL.

Rutherford, J C [ed.] (1981) Proceedings of the River and Estuary Mixing Workshop, Hamilton, 17-18 November 1981. In: Water and Soil, Miscellaneous Publications, No.49. Water and Soil Division, Ministry of Works and Development for the National Water and Soil Conservation Organisation, Wellington. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1925. 157 pp. Notes: Includes bibliographical references. 13 papers.

Ryburn, M I (1972) Larval nematode infestations in Cominella glandiformis (Reeve) (Gastropoda: Cominellidae) at the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Unpublished B.Sc.(Hons) project in zoology, University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Notes:

Safi, K (1998) Estuarine microbial food webs. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 6, No. 2, p17-19. Notes: Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/.

Sagar, P [et al.] (1995) Distribution and numbers of waders in New Zealand 1983- 1994. Submitted to Notornis, Journal of the Ornithological Society of New Zealand. Notes:

Sagar, P & Weatherhead, M (1999) Changes in the macroinvertebrate communities of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Technical Report No.14. NIWA Client Report CHC99/62 for Christchurch City Council. August 1999. 13pp. Notes: Project No. WCL90504. This report evaluated existing information on bottom-dwelling fauna of the Estuary and advised on whether changes in the wastewater discharge might affect them. It states that numbers of some species have reduced over the last 20 years, but conditions are more favourable now for a wider variety of fauna. It concludes that removing the wastewater-based nutrients from the Estuary could lead to a decrease in the number of these fauna. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Sagar, Paul (2000) Christchurch waste water treatment plant: assessment of environmental effects: birdlife. Technical Report No. 20. For URS (New Zealand.) Ltd. and NIWA Client Report CH00/72 for Christchurch City Council. NIWA Project No. WCL01502, September 2000. 8pp. Notes: The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Sagar, Paul (2000) Christchurch waste water treatment plant: assessment of environmental effects: birdlife. Technical Report No.16. NIWA Client Report CHC00/72 for Christchurch City Council. September 2000. 8pp. Notes: Project No. WCL01502. Includes discussion of the environmental effects of treatment and disposal options on the birdlife of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

An Ihutai Bibliography 113 Sanders, R (1995) Irrigation water use survey, 1994-95 interim report: year one of a three year survey. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U95/63. Notes:

Sanders, R (1996) Irrigation water use survey, 1995-96 interim report: year two of a three year survey. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U96/57. Notes:

Sanders, R (1998) Irrigation water use survey: report on a three year survey of groundwater use on the Canterbury Plains 1994-97. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U97 (39). Notes:

Sanders, R (1998) Irrigation water use surveys: report on the 1997/1998 irrigation season. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/45. Notes:

Sanders, R (1999) Irrigation water use surveys: report on the 1998/1999 irrigation season. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U99/27. Notes:

Schmidt, Pat K (c1971) The concentrations of pesticides and PCB in the Estuary. Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Notes: Aims to identify pesticide residues and PBC [?] compounds in the mud, water and plants and animals. These compounds are similar to DDT as industrial by-products. Schmidt, Pat K (1971) Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in an Avon-Heathcote Estuary food chain. Unpublished MSc project in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Schmidt, Timothy (1971) A Study of the phytoplankton in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Unpublished MSc project in botany, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Aimed to identify the species present, following seasonal changes and the fate of phytoplankton by oxidation in the estuary. Saltwater survival duration and nutrient contribution.

Scobie, Sue et al (1999) Organochlorines in New Zealand: Ambient concentrations of selected organochlorines in estuaries. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington. Revised edition June 1999. 178 pp. ISBN 0478090366. Notes: With Simon J Buckland, Howard K Ellis & Ray T Salter. First published in November 1998. Extensive references p53-65. Ostensibly demonstrated that New Zealand’s estuarine environments were relatively free of organochlorine contaminants, although concentrations in some estuaries were approaching those reported for urbanised estuaries overseas.

Scoon, Adele et al (2000) Avon-Heathcote Estuary draft issues report. Prepared for the Environmental Policy and Planning Unit in consultation with Environment Canterbury. 76 pp. Notes: Bibliography p74-76. Covers recreational access; Tangata whenua and access; illegal structures, heritage sites; ecological values; sea lettuce; flooding; sedimentation and erosion; water quality; Bexley Wetland; Spit; Charlesworth Reserve; Green Edge; Green Corridor. This forms the basis of the non-statutory management plan and provides an overview of the issues affecting the Estuary in order to stimulate thought and focus public debate on the issues and possible options for their resolution. Scoon, Adele et al (2000) The Avon-Heathcote estuary issues report: draft. Prepared by Environmental Policy & Planning Unit in consultation with Environment Canterbury. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Ecan Record No. LI1C/9497. 83 leaves.

An Ihutai Bibliography 114 Notes: Recorded as (2001) at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 333.9164 CHR. Bibliography p81-83. Covers recreational access; Tangata whenua and access; illegal structures, heritage sites; ecological values; sea lettuce; flooding; sedimentation and erosion; water quality; Bexley Wetland; Spit; Charlesworth Reserve; Green Edge; Green Corridor Scoon, Adele et al (2000) Final: The Avon-Heathcote estuary issues report. Christchurch City wastewater discharge Technical Report No. 28. Prepared by Environmental Policy & Planning Unit in consultation with Environment Canterbury. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 83pp. Notes: Covers recreational access; Tangata whenua and access; illegal structures, heritage sites; ecological values; sea lettuce; flooding; sedimentation and erosion; water quality; Bexley Wetland; Spit; Charlesworth Reserve; Green Edge; Green Corridor. Bibliography p81-83. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV. Available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre Christchurch Central Library, shelf No. 333.9164 FIN. Scott, D & Little, R (1999) Managing the multiple draw-down effects of extensive groundwater development – A case study. Paper, New Zealand Hydrological Society Conference 23-25 November 1999, Report No 4375/1. Notes:

Scott, D M (2001) Christchurch-West Melton groundwater investigation: simulation of alternative groundwater abstraction scenarios and their effect on baseflows of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. Environment Canterbury, Christchurch; Ecan Report No. U00/33; Ecan Record No. PU1C/5853, 1/06/2000. 54 pp. Notes: First published June 2000, revised May 2001. Scott, Edwin Fox (1949) An investigation carried out in the United States, Canada and Great Britain into modern methods of sewage treatment and disposal. Unpublished Report to Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. 41pp. Notes: With 1 folding diagrammatic sketch, glossary p38-41 and a section on the sea lettuce, Ulva lattisimia. Scott was the CDB Chief Engineer. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, box 5, item 94. Scott, Edwin Fox (1963) Christchurch data: notes and comments on the Christchurch drainage and sewerage systems. Unpublished report, Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. 92 pp. and figures. Notes: With maps (6 folded) graphs, tables. Scott was the CDB Chief Engineer. Copy on shelf at Central Library, OUTSIZE 352.6 SCO. Scott, Edwin Fox (1963) Economic report on the estuary of the Avon and Heathcote rivers and its effects on the land drainage problem of Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board. April 1963. 21 pp. Notes: With folding plan. Scott was the CDB Chief Engineer. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633 Scott, M S (1958) Studies on a false crab, Petrolisthes elongates Milne-Edwards. (In part). Unpublished M.Sc. thesis in zoology, University of Canterbury. Notes:

Scott, W H (1955) Sea erosion and coast protection at Sumner, New Zealand. In: New Zealand Engineering, Vol. 10, p438-447. Notes:

Sedgley, K (1998) Analysis of submissions: Heathcote River floodplain management strategy. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/50. Notes: Appears to be the same as U98/28 below. The Heathcote River is susceptible to flooding. Over time the modification and development of the Heathcote River catchment and floodplain has resulted in the exposure of significant assets to the natural occurrence of flooding and has altered the pattern of flood events. Future development and

An Ihutai Bibliography 115 modification of the floodplain and catchment will expose further assets to the effects of flooding and continue to impact on the natural flood process. A major flood could cause significant flood damage.

Sedgley, K (1998) Avon River – Issues and options for managing the Avon River floodplain: Summary of submissions reviewed, April to May 1997. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/03. Notes:

Sedgley, K (1998) The Heathcote River floodplain management strategy: analysis of submissions. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U98/28. Notes: Appears to be the same as U98/50 above. The Heathcote River is susceptible to flooding. Over time the modification and development of the Heathcote River catchment and floodplain has resulted in the exposure of significant assets to the natural occurrence of flooding and has altered the pattern of flood events. Future development and modification of the floodplain and catchment will expose further assets to the effects of flooding and continue to impact on the natural flood process. A major flood could cause significant flood damage.

Senior, Alastair & Green, Malcolm (2002) Assessing human impacts on estuaries: it’s a risky business. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 10, No. 2, p18-19. Notes: NIWA have developed a methodology to predict various aspects of risk, with regard to ecologically damaging sedimentation (originating from large areas of bare earth exposed during urbanisation and forestry operations), utilising well-established computational models. Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/.

Sharpey-Schafer, J M (1950) Heathcote and Avon-Sumner Estuary Survey. N.Z. Navy Office, Wellington. M.S. Rep. No. H/1/895 of 28 August. Notes:

Shearer, S (1994) Extreme high water levels in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and the adequacy of defence measures on the lower Avon River and along South Brighton spit. Unpublished research project, Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 30 pp. Notes: Sheng, Oh Cheow (1990) To assess the health of weeping willows along the Lower Heathcote River, Christchurch, following seawater intrusion. Dissertation. Notes: No further details, possibly Canterbury University. Shumways, S E & Marsden, I D (1981) The combined effects of temperature, salinity and declining oxygen consumption of the marine pulmonate Amphibola crenata (Gmelin, 1791). In: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 61, p133-146. Notes: Shwarz, A-M et al… (2004) The role of sediment in keeping seagrass beds healthy. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 12, No. 4, p18-19. Notes: With F Matheson and T Mathieson. Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/.

Shwarz, A-M et al… (2005) Estuary monitoring by communities. NIWA Information Series, No. 56, 8pp. Notes: With S Parker and M Grose.

Sibly, Ken & Tibble, G (2006) Map: Ap00172BlackMap.gws. Christchurch Area Showing Waterways Swamps & Vegetation Cover in 1856. Christchurch City Council Information Services, Christchurch. 16/1/2006. Notes: Compiled from original ‘Black Maps’ approved by J Thomas & Thomas Cass, Chief Surveyors, 1856. Christchurch City Council. The modern versions were compiled by Ken Sibly in July1989 and revised by G Tibble in April 1998. Basic information obtained, by permission, from Department of Survey and Land Information, Christchurch. Railway & streets

An Ihutai Bibliography 116 have been added for location purposes and are not necessarily streets surveyed or existing in 1856. QV Thomas, J & Cass, Thomas. Accessible through http://www.ccc.govt.nz/parks/TheEnvironment/waterways.asp.

Sibson, R D (1966) Increasing numbers of South Island Pied oystercatchers visiting northern New Zealand. In: Notornis, Vol. 13, p94-97. Notes Simons, M J (1977) The importance of substrate particle size and organic matter on the intertidal distribution of Macrophthalamus hirtipes (Jacquinot) and Helice crassa Dana (Decapoda: Brachyura) in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Simons, M J (1981) Relative growth in the New Zealand mud crab Macrophthalmus hirtipes (Brachyura: Ocypodidae). In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 15, p193-200. Notes: The relative growth of chela, abdomen, and male first pleopod is described for Macrophthalmus hirtipes (Jacquinot, 1853) (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) from the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Marine and estuarine crabs had a similar estimated size of maturity of between 10 and 13 mm carapace width. Coincident with sexual maturity was an acceleration in the growth rate of the male chela, an enlargement and change in shape of the female abdomen, and a change to negative allometric growth of the male first pleopod. Statistically significant intraspecific differences in some body proportions were found between the 2 populations. Relative growth of the chela of M. hirtipes is similar to that of Australian macrophthal-mids. Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1981/22.php.

Single, Martin (2004) Coastal processes in southern Pegasus Bay: a review and update. Technical Report No. 9. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Report to URS (New Zealand) Ltd. and Christchurch City Council. 24pp. Notes: Reviews the 1999 report - QV Allen, J C et al… (1999). The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Skellerup, P J R (1964) The Chairman’s report to the Estuary Control Investigation Sub-Committee. Estuary Control Investigation Sub-Committee, Christchurch. 7 February 1964. 6 pp. Notes: Discussion about who controls slipways and administers the motor launch regulations – Marine Department, Christchurch Drainage Board or Christchurch City Council or all three? Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH479, Christchurch City Council, item DR/1/1, box 65, Estuary Development – August 1962  1973. QV Christchurch City Council (1964) and Christchurch City Council (1972) The Estuary.

Slater, P & Slater, R (2003) The Slater Field Guide to Australian Birds. New Holland, French Forest. 343 pp. ISBN 1877069000. Notes: The revised and updated edition.

Small, D K (1976) The Combined Avon-Heathcote Estuary Association (Christchurch): an empirical and theoretical study of a pressure group. MA thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes:

Smith, Murray, Gorman, Richard et al… (2002) Waves in shallow water. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 10, No. 2, p20-21. Notes: With Craig Stevens and John McGregor. Pressure sensors, current meters and a variety of wind conditions using a case study of the Manukau Harbour estuary. Also see: http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/ .

An Ihutai Bibliography 117 Snelder, T & Schwarz, A (1996) Aquatic vegetation management for Christchurch. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 4, 1, p22-24. Notes: Also see: http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/ . Snelder, T et al… (1995) Review of the Water Services and Waste Management Unit’s environmental monitoring program. NIWA report prepared for the Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: With A Suren, A M Schwartz, M Downes, B Williamson, D Morrisey & M Taylor.

Snelder, T et al… (1995) Christchurch city waterways aquatic vegetation management: strategic overview. NIWA, Christchurch, Consultancy Report No. CCC60505. Notes: With A M Schwartz, M J Taylor and R Greenaway.

Soothill, Eric (1985) Wading Birds of the World. Blandford Press, Poole, Dorset, England. 334 pp. Notes: Covers the New Zealand endemic species and the visitors.

Soper, M F (1972) New Zealand Birds. Robert Hale & Co., London. 216 pp. ISBN 0709132336. Notes: First published in 1963, second edition in 1965. Soper, M F (1984) Birds of New Zealand and Outlying Islands. Whitcoulls, Christchurch and London. 164 pp. ISBN 0723307245. Notes: Southshore History Group (2006) Sand Dunes to Sunburb: Ihutai (the nose of the tides). The history, environment and people of Southshore. Southshore History Group, Christchurch. November 2006. 156pp. Notes: Edited by Don Rowlands, Peter Moore and Lee Osborn. Additional contributions from Les Batcheler, Bernie Calder, Lee Osborn, Peter Neal, Lynne Hillier, James Inglis and Olive Lawson. The book coincides with the sixtieth anniversary of the Southshore Residents Association. Extensive local history, personalities, environment, tangata whenua, etc.

Speight, R, Wall, Arnold & Laing, R M [eds] (1927) Natural History of Canterbury: a series of articles on the early history of the province and on the history of scientific investigation, up till 1926, as well as on some results of this investigation. Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch. ix, 299 pp. and [26] leaves of plates. Notes: With folded maps. Introduction by Arnold Wall. Biographies of men of science belonging to the province. Sir Julius von Haast ; Captain F. W. Hutton ; T. H. Potts ; Samuel Butler ; Robert Brown ; The Armstrongs ; J. D. Enys. Early history of Canterbury by Johannes C. Andersen. Early history of survey and exploration A. Dudley Dobson. The Mackenzie country T. D. Burnett. Geology of the province R. Speight. The Canterbury plains, their origin and structure by Geo. Jobberns. History of botanical research in Canterbury. The botany of the Canterbury foot hills ; The botany of Banks Peninsula by R. M. Laing. Ecological botany of the Canterbury plains by L. Cockayne. Alpine and sub-alpine flora by Arnold Wall, M.A. - Mosses, lichens and ferns by H. H. Allan, D.Sc. - History of zoological research ; General invertebrate zoology by Chas. Chilton. History of entomological investigation by A. L. Tonnoir. The native fishes by Gilbert E. Archey. Native and introduced birds of Canterbury by Edgar F. Stead. History of the acclimatisation of trout by M. H. Godby. Native and introduced timber trees by C. E. Foweraker. Agriculture of the province by F. W. Hilgendorf. History of the acclimatisation of stock by G. H. Holford. QV Knox, G A. Spigel, Bob & Zeldis, John (2004) Assessment of Bromley sewage effluent on phytoplankton growth at the proposed Pegasus Bay ocean outfall site: update and revisions. Technical Report No. 15. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. NIWA Client Report CHC2004/058 for Christchurch City Council. NIWA Project No. CCC4507. 22pp. Notes: References p21-22. QV Technical Report No. 14 - Zeldis, John & Gall, Mark (1999). The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated

An Ihutai Bibliography 118 wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Stanley, G (1998) River walks of Christchurch: 13 walks for all ages; Avon & Heathcote Rivers, Estuary, Port Hills, Hagley Park, Sumner, inner-city. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 1 folded sheet (11 pp.). Notes: 30 x 42 cm. folded to 21 x 10 cm. Walks created with Christchurch’s unique waterside landscape by Graeme Stanley with an acknowledgement to Active Walkers of the A Team Fifty Somethings, The Serendipity Swingers and Ian McLeod of Walkway Tours. Stanley, P (1994) Draft regional plan for Avon-Heathcote catchments : information review. Report prepared for Environment Canterbury by Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner Ltd. Ecan Report No. U94/63, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5558, 20/09/1994. 17 pp. Notes: Stanley, P (1994) Draft regional plan for the Avon Heathcote catchment: analysis of public submissions on issues and options discussion document. Report prepared for Environment Canterbury by Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner Ltd. Ecan Report No. U94/64, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5559, 7/09/1994. 8 pp. Notes:

Statistics New Zealand (2006) Avon-Heathcote Estuary Community Profile. Statistics New Zealand (Te Tari Tatau), Wellington. Notes: Accessible online at http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/web/CommProfiles.nsf/FindInfobyArea/596101-au .

STC Advertising Agency (1906) Birds eye view of the proposed Christchurch canal (map). STC Advertising Agency, Christchurch. Notes: Relief shown by contours and hachures. Includes advertising. “Please hang in a conspicuous place for future reference.” Map is 58 x 96 cm. Alexander Turnbull Library, Cartographic Collection Call number MapColl 834.4492gmfc [1906] and and Aotearoa New Zealand centre, Christchurch Central Library, Reference maps, 993.83 BIR. . QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission, Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; White, H E; Williams, Cyrus J. Steffensen, D A (1969) The euglena of the Heathcote-Avon Estuary. Unpublished BSc (Hons) project in Botany, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Steffensen, D A (1970) The ecology of the green algal communities. MSc thesis in Botany, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Steffensen, D A (1974) An ecological study of Ulva lactuca L. and other benthic algae on the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. PhD thesis in Botany, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Steffensen, D A (1974) Distribution of Euglena obtuse Schmitz and E. salina Liebetanz on the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. In: Mauri Ora, Vol. 2, p85-94. Notes: Steffensen, D A (1976) Morphological variation of Ulva from the Avon- Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 10, No. (2), p329-341. Notes: Results over a three year period indicate that specimens which at some stages of growth fit diagnosis for Ulva lactuca, U. lacluca var. rigida, U. lactuca var. lacinulata, V. latissima and V. laingii comprise a single species and are best referred to V. lactuca. In the U. laingii form, the variation in morphology could be related to the lower salinity of its habitat. Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1976/22.php.

An Ihutai Bibliography 119 Stephens, Sharon, Green, Mal & Pilditch, Conrad (2002) Bugs ‘n’ mud - a sticky problem. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 10, No. 1, March 2002. Notes: Microbes in estuary sediment using the model provided by research at Okura estuary, east coast, 25 km north of Auckland. The ability to accurately predict sediment transport is a key tool in the maintenance of the integrity of valued coastal areas. Also see: http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/.

Stephenson, G K (1983) Wetlands: Discovering New Zealand’s Shy Places. Water and Soil Division, Ministry of Works and Development for the National Water and Soil Conservation Organisation and the Environmental Council, Wellington. 62, [75] pp., [37] pp. of plates (2 folded). Notes: Report first published Wellington, Environmental Council, 1983. Errata slip inserted at beginning of plates. Includes bibliographies. QV Stephenson, G K (1986). Stephenson, G K ...[et al.] (1983) Wetlands – a diminishing resource. A report for the Environmental Council. In: Water & Soil Miscellaneous Publication No 58, Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1478. Notes:

Stephenson, G K (1986) Wetlands: Discovering New Zealand’s Shy Places. Government Printing Office. Science Information Publishing Centre, Wellington. viii, 117 pp., [8] pp. of plates. ISBN 0477013546. Notes: DSIR publication No. 16. Includes a useful bibliography at p115-116 and an index. QV Stephenson, G K (1983). Stephenson, R (1980) Avon-Heathcote: Estuary under stress. In: Soil and Water magazine, Vol. 16, No. 2, p22-25; Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C- 0255. Notes: QV Stephenson’s ‘A correction – estuarine supplement’. Stephenson, R (1980) A correction – estuarine supplement. In: Soil and Water, Vol. 16, No. 3, p28. Notes: A correction to some of the figures given in ‘Avon-Heathcote: Estuary under stress; Soil and Water, Vol. 16, No. 2 pp 22-23’ – QV. Stephenson, R L (1980) A stable carbon isotope study of Chione (Austrovenus) stutchburyi and its food sources in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Report No. 22, Estuarine Research Unit, Zoology Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 48 pp. Notes: Stephenson, R L (1981) Aspects of the energetics of the cockle Chione (Austrovenus) stutchburyi in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. PhD thesis in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 165 pp. Notes: Steven, D L & Fitzmaurice, J R (1966) Preliminary assessment of proposed extensions to sewage purification works. Unpublished consultants report to Christchurch Drainage Board. Notes: Steven, D L & Fitzmaurice, J R (1967) Predesign report on proposed extension to sewage purification works for Christchurch Drainage Board. Unpublished consultants report to Christchurch Drainage Board. Notes: Steven & Fitzmaurice Ltd. (1966) Preliminary assessment of proposed extensions to the sewage purification works. Unpublished Report to the Christchurch Drainage

An Ihutai Bibliography 120 Board. 15pp. Notes: Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, box 5, item 100. Steven & Fitzmaurice Ltd. (1967) Predesign report on proposed extensions to the sewage purification works. Unpublished report for the Christchurch Drainage Board. November 1967. 28pp. Notes: Two conclusions were that continued discharge of effluent into the Estuary was not in itself likely to create unacceptable conditions… and that a decision on the prolonged closure of the Estuary [?] should be made with the knowledge of changes which may result in the ecology. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, box 5, item 102. Steven & Fitzmaurice Ltd. (1967) Conveyance, treatment and disposal of liquid wastes from the Christchurch Drainage District. Preliminary Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. September 1967. 38pp. Notes: Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, box 5, item 103. Steven & Fitzmaurice Ltd. (1969) Conveyance and disposal of liquid wastes from the Christchurch Drainage District. Report for the Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. October 1969. 38pp. Notes: Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council) Accession No. CH633, box 5, item 104. Stevens, A & Iremonger, A (1992) stock water race review. Prepared for Selwyn District Council, Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-6994. Notes:

Stevens, G R (1985) Lands in Collision: Discovering New Zealand’s Past Geography. DSIR Information Series, No 161. Notes: Stevens, G R, McGlone, M & McCulloch, B (1988) Prehistoric New Zealand. Reed, Auckland. 128 pp. ISBN 0790004143. Notes: Includes: Gondwana - The ancestral continent. Land adrift - A southern Atlantis. A new land - The ice age. Postglacial New Zealand - The human impact. Stewart, K (1995) A bibliography of guides to Maori information. In partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Library and Information Studies, 23rd February 1995. Victoria University of Wellington. 96 pp. Notes: Organised into subject and format categories. From computer files to film; journals to literature. Stewart, M K, Trompetter, V & Van Der Raaij, R (1999) Conceptual model of the groundwater resource between the Ashley and Rakaia Rivers, Canterbury, using the CFC dating technique. Paper, New Zealand Hydrological Society Conference, 23- 25 November 1999, Report No 4375/1. Notes:

Stewart, M, Trompetter, V & Van Der Raaij, R (1999) Groundwater recharge investigation using hydrochemistry: CFC dating of groundwater in the area between the Waimakariri River and Rakaia River. Report, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, Wellington. Notes:

Stilgoe, John R (1994) Shallow-water dictionary: a grounding in estuary. Princeton Architectural Press, New York. 43 pp. ISBN 1568980299. Notes: With photographs by the author.

An Ihutai Bibliography 121 Stockwell, M J et al… (1986) Environmental impact assessment – reclamation of portion of McCormacks Bay. Design Division, City Works & Planning Dept., Christchurch City Council. 10pp. + appendices. Notes: With L J Reilly and G W Edge. The appendices being scheme plans and extensive correspondence from residents’ associations and community groups. The realignment – 100 metres west – of the intersection of McCormacks Bay Road and Main Road Sumner. Covers traffic and environmental improvements. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CABK, CH510. Item 8/5/68/11. McCormacks Bay Recreation Reserve. 1974-1987. Also contains much correspondence with the Combined Estuary Association, discussion regarding the kindergarten establishment and lease of the Mt Pleasant Community Centre land.

Strickland, J D H (1972) Research on the marine planktonic food web at the Institute of Marine Resources: a review of the past several years work. In: Oceanography and Marine Biology, Vol. 10, p349-414. Notes:

Strickland, R R (1990) Nga Tini a Tangaroa: a Maori-English, English-Maori Dictionary of Fish Names. New Zealand Fisheries Occasional Publication No. 5. MAF Fisheries, Wellington. Unpag. ISBN 0477080898. Notes:

Stringer, Walter [Chairman] (1930) Direct Access to the Sea Commission: specimen notes of evidence. Direct Access to the Sea Commission, Christchurch. 29 May 1930. 13pp. Notes: In addition to Sir Walter Stringer, signed by N. Morley and D. Holderness. The Direct Access to the Sea Commission was formed at a meeting of Local Bodies, Port & City League, Lyttelton Harbour Board on 10th of April 1930. The object of most participants was access direct to the sea from Christchurch, a road tunnel and a port at Heathcote. 38 witnesses gave evidence. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1671 310/005, Box 948. 1928-1931, Access to the Sea.

Suggate, R P (1958) Late quartenary deposits on the Christchurch metropolitan area. In: New Zealand Journal of Geology & Geophysics. Vol. 1, p103-122. Notes:

Suggate, R P, Stevens, G R & Te Punga, M T [eds] (1978) The Geology of New Zealand, Vol. I & II. Government Printer, Wellington. Vol. 1, 343 pp. and Vol. 2, (xx) 820 pp. Notes: Geological maps appended to Vol. 1. The standard reference work on New Zealand geology.

Sumner Borough Council (1941) Borough of Sumner, 1891-1941 Golden Jubilee: souvenir programme of celebrations. Sumner Borough Council, Christchurch. Notes: Sumner-Redcliffs Historic Society (1981-1989) Magazine. Sumner-Redcliffs Historic Society, Sumner. From Volume 1, August 1981 to Volume 8 November 1989. ISSN 01117173. Notes: Local articles of history. Articles of relevance include: Vol. 1, K. Cropp ‘McCormacks Bay’ p23-24; Volume 2, ‘Maori Relics’ p11 and ‘Moa Point Cave’ p23-24; Volume 4, ‘McCormacks Bay Causeway’, p16; Volume 5, ‘Terence McCombs Memorial’, p2-7. Suren, Alistair (1993) The effects of urbanisation on the invertebrate fauna of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. Report No. 36, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) for Environment Canterbury;. Ecan Report No. U93/21; Ecan Record No. PU1C/5481, 1/03/1993. 14 pp. and 25 leaves of appendices. Notes: The 25 leaves are tables, diagrams, b&w photographs, etc. Bibliography: l12-14.

An Ihutai Bibliography 122 Suren, Alistair, Graynoth, Eric et al… (2002) Stream restoration in Christchurch. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2002. Notes: With Barry Biggs, Shelley McMurtrie & Rachel Barker. Turning drains into living streams. During the 1990s, the Christchurch City Council (CCC) commenced a series of river enhancement projects throughout the city, reflecting a change in attitude on managing urban streams. The original CDB dogma that “drainage was everything” has been drastically revised and a new focus placed on a stream’s ecological functions. Projects to improve the aesthetic and ecological values of streams are now commonplace in Christchurch. Selected short reaches (50–100 m) of five streams were targeted for enhancement projects. Riparian planting was planned for Nottingham Stream, Steamwharf Stream and Smacks Creek, and a combination of channel naturalisation and riparian planting for Papanui Stream and Jacksons Creek. The changes after 5 years are analysed.

Sutherland-Downing, Venus & Elley, Ryan (2004) Inventory of recreational values for rivers and lakes of Canterbury, New Zealand. Environment Canterbury, Christchurch, Report U04/14. 172 pp. Notes: Revised by Adrian Daley. A series of ECan reports and databases brought together information that was previously dispersed through published and unpublished literature, and files or individual knowledge. This inventory and underlying databases will be the starting point for future ECan surveys. The first draft of this report by Sutherland-Downing and Ryan was prepared in 2001 as ECan Report U01/80.

Swales, Andrew, Oldman, John et al… (2003) What happens in estuaries during floods? In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 11, No. 1, p11-13. Notes: Also with John Radford and Iain MacDonald. Using the model of Mangemangeroa estuary (Auckland) which has infilled with mud runoff. Most sediment is washed into estuaries during floods. These events are difficult to record because they often only last a few hours and can happen any time. But there is a need for a good understanding of what happens during floods if there are to be accurate predictions of the fate of catchment sediments in our estuaries. QV Walters, Roy. Also see: http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/ . Tanner, Chris C (2000) Plant establishment and management in constructed wastewater treatment wetlands. In: Water & Wastes in New Zealand, issue 115, November 2000. Notes: QV reports of the Waimakariri District Council at http://www.wmk.govt.nz/projects/sewerage/reports/.

Tanner, Chris C et al… (2000) Constructed wetlands in New Zealand – evaluation of an emerging “natural” wastewater treatment technology. Paper presented at the Water 2000 Conference, Auckland, March 2000. Notes: QV reports of the Waimakariri District Council at http://www.wmk.govt.nz/projects/sewerage/reports/.

Tau, H R (1992) Ngai Tahu and Ngai Tuahuriri input to Christchurch City Council Plan review. Te Wero Consultants, Christchurch. Notes: Tau, Te M [et al.] (1990) Te Whakatau Kaupapa: Ngai Tahu Resource Management Strategy for the Canterbury Region. Aoraki Press, Wellington. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series No. L01C-6627. Notes: “To assist the planning authorities by spelling out ... attitudes, beliefs and policies which Maori have in regard to natural resources”- Introduction. Also contributing - Anake Goodall, David Palmer & Rakiihia Tau. Te Whakatau Kaupapa is the Ngai Tahu Resource Management Strategy for the Canterbury Region. The document gives information on Ngai Tahu concerns and issues related to natural resource use in the Canterbury Region. The document also contains maps identifying areas of importance to Ngai Tahu, and the general location of Silent Files (the identified general location of areas of importance to Ngai Tahu).

Tau, Te M, (1996) A Report on the Te Ihutai - Opawa Region. Unpublished report to Waitangi Tribunal. Notes: QV New Zealand Government (1998) Ngai Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998. Tau, Rawiri Te Maire (2004) Submission on the Te-Kai-A-Te-Karoro. Technical Report No. 24. To Christchurch City Council. Prepared by Rawiri Te Maire Ltd. 12pp. Notes: Te-Kai-A-Te-Karoro now known as Jellicoe Park. Covers mahinga kai, kainga nohanga and much on the background and history of Ihutai Reserve, Poho-areare, Te Kai A te Karoro. The applications relate to activities

An Ihutai Bibliography 123 associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS. QV Tau, Rawiri Te Maire…and Watson, Katherine (2004).

Taylor Baines & Associates (1993) Avon-Heathcote catchment, rivers and estuary: issues and options for managing the Heathcote River floodplain. Analysis of public submissions. Christchurch City Council; Ecan Record No. LI1C/7506, 1/09/1993. 20 pp. DBCN No. ACZ-4907. Notes:

Taylor Baines & Associates (1999) Social Impacts Assessment. Christchurch City wastewater discharge, Technical Report No. 26. Report prepared for Christchurch City Council. 45pp. + appendices. Notes: Includes description of the communities surrounding the estuary, their recreation al use of their environment and their understanding of wastewater issues. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Taylor Baines & Associates & Associates (2004) Social impacts assessment of the proposed ocean outfall for the Christchurch wastewater discharge. Technical Report No. 25. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. For Christchurch City Council. July 2004. 60pp. Notes: Maps of the Estuary/Ocean recreational patterns and activities appended. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Taylor, A & Patrick, M (1987) Looking at water through different eyes – the Maori perspective. In: Soil & Water, Summer 1987, p22-24. Notes: Taylor, Mark J & Burrell, Gregg (2002) Brown trout redd distribution in the Avon River, and a comparison with the 1991 trout redd survey. Final report, Aquatic Ecology Ltd., Christchurch. September 2002. 23 pp. Notes: Part of the Christchurch City Council ecological monitoring programme for city waterways. Recommended that minimum flows be at least maintained or increased to halt the impact of silt deposition and dewatering of trout habitats Includes bibliographical references p17. Available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, 597.5 TAY.

Taylor, Mark J (1996) Inanga spawning surveys in the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. NIWA Report No. CCC60517 for the Christchurch City Council. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-6862. Notes: Taylor, Mark J (1999) Inanga spawning on the Avon and Heathcote Rivers, 1999. NIWA Client Report CHC99/27. Notes: Taylor, Mark J (2003) Trout spawning and suspended sediment sources in the upper Heathcote River. Aquatic Ecology Ltd., Christchurch. 20pp. Notes: Recommendations indicate that the area requires fencing from stock and re-sloping and planting of erodable banks. The turbidity of Cashmere Stream needs to be regularly monitored for suspended sediment sources.

An Ihutai Bibliography 124 Te Puni Kokiri (1993) Mauriora Ki te Ao. An introduction to environmental and resource management planning. Te Puni Kokiri, Wellington. Notes:

Te Runanga O Ngai Tahu & Her Majesty The Queen (1997) Deed: Crown Offer for Ngai Tahu Settlement. Vols 1-5. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C- 7605 to L01C-7621. Notes: QV New Zealand Government (1998) Ngai Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998.

Te Rununga O Ngati Kuri (1997) Information for Canterbury Regional Council on Ngai Tahu Values and desired water quality standards for rivers within the takiwa of Te Runaga o Ngati Kuri. Silent File Committee Report 12 December 1997. Notes:

Thomas, J & Cass, Thomas (1856) Map: Christchurch Area Showing Waterways, Swamps and Vegetation Cover in 1856. Compiled from ‘Black Maps’ approved by J. Thomas and Thomas Cass, Chief Surveyors, 1856. Notes: See Sibly, Ken & Tibble, G

Thompson, D J B (1969) A quantitative study of the macrofauna of Zostera novaezelandiae Setchell. Unpublished BSc(Hons) project in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Thompson, ? [University of Canterbury] (1994) Recent changes at the mouth of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary: January - July 1994. For Parks Unit, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. August 1994. Notes: Neither author nor title found in a search of the University of Canterbury Library, the Christchurch City Library or the Lincoln University Library. Thompson, E F (1929) An introduction to the natural history of the Heathcote Estuary and Brighton Beach, Canterbury, New Zealand. A study in littoral ecology. MSc thesis in Zoology, Canterbury University College, Christchurch. Notes: Thompson, G (1994) Morphology of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary Mouth. MSc thesis, Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Ecan Record No. LI1C/7033, 153 pp., 31/12/1994. Notes: Thompson, G et al… (2006) Assessment of environmental effects: impact of bridge widening on the Heathcote River-mouth benthic community. EOS Ecology, unpublished report for Christchurch City Council. Report No. 050170CCC01-01. May 2006. 24pp. Notes: With M Bressington and S McMurtrie. Related to Resource Consent Application for a Lifelines Protection Project, the Ferrymead Bridge. Includes flora and fauna, heavy metal sediments, organic contaminants and a benthic invertebrate survey. Reference list page 22.

Thompson, G et al… (2006) Benthic survey of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. EOS Ecology Report No. 05006-CCC05-01. EOS Ecology, Christchurch. Notes:

Thomson, B & Davies, J (1993) Interpretation of organochlorine and hydrocarbon contaminants in the Avon and Heathcote River and Estuary systems: sediment, water and cockle samples. Report prepared for Environment Canterbury by the

An Ihutai Bibliography 125 Institute of Environmental Health and Forensic Sciences; Ecan Record No. LI1C/6047, 1/05/1993. 92 pp. Notes: Thornton, J (1985) Field Guide to New Zealand Geology. Reed Methuen, Auckland. 226 pp. ISBN 0474000265. Notes: An easily accessible field guide targeted at the general public in simplified and understandable terms. Thornton, J (2003) Field Guide to New Zealand Geology. Reed Publishing, Auckland. 226 pp. ISBN 0790008564. Notes: The updated edition. It covers the geological history of New Zealand from its beginnings on the sea floor some 600 million years ago to its present patchwork landscape of volcano, range and plain. All of the different layers of rock - volcanic flows, forest debris and ocean mud have special characteristics, which are explained and illustrated. Thorpe, M…et al. (2001) The Sumner School History, 1876-2001. The Sumner School Centennial Committee (1977) and 125th Jubilee Committee (2001), Sumner. 131 pp.,76 [i.e. 98] p. of plates Extract: Other authors are P. Murdoch, H. Lintott and P. Mower. This is the 1977 edition brought up to date (100 pp.). Thrush, S F et al… (2003) Habitat change in estuaries: predicting broad-scale responses of intertidal macrofauna to sediment mud content. In: Marine Ecology Progress Series, 263, p101-112. Notes:

Tikao, T T & Beattie, H (2004) Tikao Talks-Ka Taoka o Te Ao Kohatu: Treasures from the Ancient World of the Maori. Cadsonbury Publications, Christchurch. 178 pp. ISBN 1877346047; DBCN 8799542. Notes: This is a facsimile edition. Maori mythology and tikanga related by Teone Taare Tikao to Herries Beattie. In English with some Maori text. Includes indexes. First edition published by A.H. and A.W. Reed, 1939 and a 1990 Penguin edition also. Tipler, C J M, et al… (1999) Final report: estuary green edge: (Te Ihutai). Christchurch City wastewater discharge Technical Report No. 27. Woodward-Clyde (NZ) Ltd. and Lucas Associates. Report for the Christchurch City Council. 24 December 1999. Various paginations. Notes: Appendix A is ‘Summary of the birdlife values of the Avon Heathcote Estuary and Bromley Oxidation Ponds’. Appendix C is Lucas Associates, 9 July 1997 - for the Agenda 21 Committee – QV Lucas, D J, Head, J & Miles, S (1995) ) ‘Christchurch Otautahi Indigenous Ecosystems, Set 2. Plants…’. The preliminary concept plan for the western edge of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary; the Linwood Paddocks, Oxidation Ponds and the Bexley Landfill. QV Christchurch City Council (2001) - Estuary green edge. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.917 FIN. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Tipler, C J M (2006) Statement of evidence of C J M Tipler to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. URS NZ Ltd., AYH1085738.02. 22 pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. The report encompasses the mouths of the Avon and Heathcote rivers, and the coastal margin between. Includes Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant (CWTP) and the Christchurch City Council farm known as the Linwood Paddocks. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.917 FIN and available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Todd, D (1999) Study of the effects of sea level rise for Christchurch. Report prepared for the Christchurch City Council by Tonkin and Taylor Ltd. Notes: Also appeared in: Tephra, Ministry for Emergency Management, October 1999, p 56-58. A scoping study on potential impacts of a major tsunami as part of the wider Engineering Lifelines Projects, 1994. Worst-case scenario of the initial tsunami wave set to coincide with a high-spring tide when water levels in the Avon Heathcote Estuary and Brooklands Lagoon would be at 1 metre above MSL. Assessment of impacts for Christchurch is Part Four (p39 – 72). Covering lower Waimakiriri and Brooklands Lagoon, Christchurch dunes, Avon Heathcote Estuary, lower Heathcote and

An Ihutai Bibliography 126 Avon rivers and Clifton, Sumner and Taylors Mistake. Sedimentation, water levels, inundation risks, bank erosion, vegetation and ecological effects Accessible at http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/MEMWebsite.nsf/Files/tephra99/$file/tephra99.pdf.

Trangmar, B & Cutler, E J B (1983) Soils and erosion of the Sumner region of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand Soil Survey Report No. 70. 50pp. Notes: Trangmar, B (1992) Erosion map of the Port Hills: explanatory notes. Compiled as part of the Avon-Heathcote catchment study. Report prepared for Environment Canterbury by the South Island Resource Assessment Team, Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. Ecan Report No. U92/8, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5552, 1/08/1992. 8 pp. Notes: Information on erosion and sedimentation in the Avon Heathcote River catchments – sediment load, source areas, land-use impact, river channel deposition and dredging, and sedimentation in the estuary. Reviews and analyses existing information plus considerable new information on stream sediment loads during storms in 1992. Figures include shoreline positions in the vicinity of Christchurch over the past 10,000 years, maps of sediment accumulation and erosion in the Avon Heathcote Estuary 1962-1975/77, changes in bed levels in Avon Heathcote Estuary 1962-1988, mean bed level profiles for the Heathcote channel (1962-1991) and for the Avon channel (1916-1982). Accessible in ECan records. Tremane, Barr & MSc Resource Management students (1999) The Estuary: where policy and charter meet. Report for the Canterbury Regional Council; Environmental Management and Design Division, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury. DBCN No. ADD-7164. Notes: Tremblay, Louis (2006) Statement of evidence to Commissioner / Hearing Panel of Canterbury Regional Council. Landcare Research, SCW1085708.03. 26 pp. Notes: Relating to Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1 re relaxing of the ammonium nitrate concentration limit. Available at ECan file number C06C/1788.

Trotter, M M (1975) Archaeological investigations at Redcliffs, Canterbury, New Zealand. In: Records of the Canterbury Museum, Vol. 9, No 3, p189-220. Notes: With appendices by E. W. Dawson (QV) and J. C. Yaldwyn. Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 507 REC.

Trotter, M M & McCulloch, B [eds] (1989) Unearthing New Zealand. GP Books, Wellington. 128 pp. ISBN 0477014577. Notes: Trower, T M & Holland, P T [author/ed.] (1992) Organic contaminants in cockles from the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Ruakura Research Centre, Horticulture & Food Research Institute of New Zealand, Hamilton. Ecan Report No. U92/102, Ecan Record No. PU1C/5553, 1/10/1992. Differently paginated [8, (31) pp.] Notes: The level of pollutants in the cockles were low and of a similar magnitude at all sites sampled. 13 sites in accompanying sketch map. Sediment and cockle samples were taken and 24 sites for water samples. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 628.1680993837.

Tucker, L E (1968) A study of Scutus breviculus (Gastropoda nd. Prosobranchia) in marine and estuarine environments with special reference to blood composition and nerve conduction. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis in zoology. University of Canterbury, Christchurch.

Turbott, E G, Sibson, R B & Imber, M J (1961) Tattler and Hudsonian Godwit in the Avon-Heathcote estuary. In: Notornis, Vol. 9, No. 4, p135-137. Notes: Turbott, E G [convener] (1990) Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. 3rd edn, Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Random Century Press. xv, 247 pp. ISBN

An Ihutai Bibliography 127 1869410823. Notes: “An entry for each of the nearly four hundred living and extinct species of New Zealand birds”. Includes bibliographical references and index. First edition published as: Checklist of New Zealand Birds. Reed for the Society, Wellington, 1953. Turner, E P (1916) Tramway Board, proposed deviation, Sumner line. E P Turner, Works Engineer, Christchurch Tramway Board, Christchurch. [Blueprint/plan]. 14 April 1916.1 sheet. Notes: Sumner S. D. Block 2, RS 418. 10 feet to 1 inch scale. Proposed foreshore reclamation on Sumner Road between Monck’s Bay and Shag Rock. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1675 310/005, Box 949. Sumner Estuary – Tramway Reclamation and Embankment.

Turner, E P (1913) Proposed causeway, Sumner. E P Turner, Works Engineer, Christchurch Tramway Board, Christchurch. [Blueprint/plan K145]. 11 August 1913. Notes: Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1675 310/005, Box 949. Sumner Estuary – Tramway Reclamation and Embankment.

Turner, E P (1913) Sumner line, proposed loop. E P Turner, Works Engineer, Christchurch Tramway Board, Christchurch. [Blueprint/plan M127]. 15 September 1913. 1 sheet. Notes: 66 feet to 1 inch scale. A loop at the east end of the Causeway. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board material (from Canterbury Regional Council). Accession No. CH518, item XBAA A002-1675 310/005, Box 949. Sumner Estuary – Tramway Reclamation and Embankment.

Turner, S & Schwarz, A-M (2003) Information for the management and conservation of seagrass in New Zealand. Final report for Department of Conservation Project 3350 (Management and conservation of seagrass habitats). 48 pp. Notes:

Underground Water Commission (N.Z.) (1955) Submissions and evidence before the Commission appointed by the Minister of Works to inquire into the proposals of the Lyttleton [sic] Borough Council relating to the constitution of portion of the Heathcote County as an underground water area. Underground Water Act 1953 Commission of Inquiry, Wellington, N.Z. 77 leaves. Notes: Reference P q346.9384 UND 1955 Alexander Turnbull Library.

Uni Search Ltd. (1999) Detailed design of Christchurch outfall. Technical Report No. 9. Water Research Laboratory, Manly Vale, New South Wales. Unpublished report to C J M Tippler of Woodward-Clyde (New Zealand) Ltd. July 1999. 5pp. + appendices. Notes: Detailed hydraulic design of the proposed offshore Christchurch outfall and in response to Christchurch City Council commissioning letter of 13 May 1999, reference ACAC266667. Uni Search proposal WLP WRL 99080 1990503. One of 32 technical reports accompanying “URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report.” – QV.

Uni Search Ltd. (2004) Pipeline barriers. Technical Report No. 29. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Water Research Ltd., Manley Vale, Sydney for Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 10pp. Notes: This report has ten graphs and figures only. WRL letter 2004 1123. Graphs the findings of the flows and scour about the pipeline barrier in the Avon Heathcote Estuary for the Christchurch City Council.The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of and QV URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

An Ihutai Bibliography 128 UniSearch Ltd. (2004) Detailed design of Christchurch ocean outfall. Technical Report No. 2. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. UniSearch Ltd., Manley Vale, NSW. 6pp. Notes: 2 detailed designs for an offshore outfall presented. Designed to achieve a mean dilution of 100 during periods of low currents at a discharge of 2.3m3 s.-1. The main pipe 1.8 metres in diameter and a diffuser of individual risers rosette- capped with duckbill valves fitted to each nozzle. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

University of Otago (2005) Avon-Heathcote Estuary and environs: issues and options report. University of Otago, Dunedin. Notes: Report prepared following a Christchurch field trip by students. “The Avon-Heathcote Estuary is an estuary of national and international significance and a dominant feature of the Christchurch city-scape. However, the features for which the estuary is valued are under threat due to changing land uses in its environs, and in the catchments of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. Recommendations included: continue to involve all stakeholders in the estuary management; strategies were needed to improve water quality in the short and long term; creation of a special zone around the estuary margins; conditions of consents to ensure that minimal land and vegetation is disturbed during development; a code of conduct for recreational users; more plantings to provide a greater buffer zone and to improve the amenity of the area; to consider a plan to refit the entire Christchurch City stormwater system to allow for treatment…”.

URS (NZ) Ltd. (2001) Assessment of environmental effects for Christchurch wastewater discharge. Final report. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by URS New Zealand Ltd., Christchurch. 29 March 2001. Various paginations. 3 Volumes. Report No. 48227/009/1500/6000/Ro1C05. DOC. Notes: Authorised by Cliff Tipler. The introduction covers the purpose of the assessment, background and existing CWTP, existing and required consents, land ownership and zoning, issues and options study, working party and structure. The following chapters are: Description of the Activity; Alternatives; Consultation; description of the environment; assessment of the effects; mitigation; statutory framework. Bibliography 9.1 – 9.6. Section 6 (Assessment of Effects) refers to the thirty two technical reports that are appended to or accompanied this publication - see each report under its own entry. 1-2. Technical reports - [v. 3] Final report. Copies available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Central Library, Shelf Nos. 628.3 ASS 1, 628.3 ASS 2 and 628.3 ASS 3.

URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects: Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by URS New Zealand Ltd., Christchurch. reference 42152309.00400/Final AEE ROO1D. 17 December 2004. 3 volumes – loose leaf. Notes: Executive summary in front pocket of volume 1. Volume 1-2: 29 Technical reports - see each report under its own entry. Volume 3: Final report. Wastewater discharge to the Avon Heathcote Estuary. Various Paginations. Prepared by R. Miller, M. Mabin and C. Thomson. Extensive description and history of current and proposed activity including wastewater treatment plant and ponds, biological, social and physical environment, Tangata whenua issues, alternatives, overview of the current statutory planning framework, detailed description of the estuary environment from phytoplankton to windsurfing, possible effects of the pipeline from sediments to fish, possible effects of treated wastewater discharge into a marine environment, conclusion and proposed consent conditions. Extensive references Section 10 – 10.1 to 10.11. Copy of 3 volumes available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

URS (NZ) Ltd. (2004) Statutory planning framework and legislation. Technical Report No. 1. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Prepared by Senior Planner, Chris Thomson, for Christchurch City Council. 3 November 2004. Notes: 9 sections, differently paginated – c66pp. Ref. # 42152309/00400. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

An Ihutai Bibliography 129 URS (NZ) Ltd. (2005) Assessment of environmental effects: Christchurch wastewater treatment plant resource consents CRC012011 and CRC012016: variation of conditions. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by URS New Zealand Ltd., Christchurch. 21 October 2005. Report No. 42156407.00100/6000/R001. Various paginations, [87pp.]. Notes: The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon- Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Includes bibliographical references Section 9-1 and Section 9-2. The removal of the treated wastewater discharge from the estuary will initiate a large-scale experiment in the estuary, the results of which are far from certain. Related to the Christchurch City Council Resource Consent Application CRC012011.1. QV Wylie, Dr E et al… (2002). In Christchurch City Council and ECan records, available at Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

URS New Zealand Ltd. (2005) Christchurch City Council - additional information: Ocean Outfall Pipeline: Assessment of Environmental Effects. Executive Summary. For Christchurch City Council. 16pp. Notes: Additional Resource Consent information to Canterbury Regional Council, Banks Peninsula District Council and Christchurch City Council. Discussion of potential effects and likelihood of effects, restoration and mitigation. Copy available at Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 CHR. QV URS New Zealand Ltd. (2005).

URS New Zealand Ltd. (2005) Estuary Green Edge Review: Final Report. Prepared for Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. 14 December 2005. Note: A review of plans for the Estuary Green Edge Project - a project for enhancing the western edge of the Estuary. QV Christchurch City Council (2001) and Tipler, C J M, et al… (1999).

URS New Zealand (2006) Estuary Green Edge Contamination Assessment. Prepared for Christchurch City Council. URS Reference 42159307. 27 October 2006. 153pp. Notes: A contaminated site assessment was undertaken on the Estuary margin between Bridge St and Linwood Avenue to characterise the areas of uncontrolled fill, assess the aesthetic nature of the fill material, and identified mitigation actions where areas of contamination were identified.

USEPA (1999) Constructed wetlands treatment of municipal wastewater. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Notes: QV reports of the Waimakariri District Council at http://www.wmk.govt.nz/projects/sewerage/reports/.

Vine, P J (1977) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Memoir 68. Notes:

Vodder, C (1997) Kibblewhite Street/Bridge Street, removal of part of existing stopbank and construction and use of a new stopbank. Application for Resource Consents. Boffa Miskell Ltd., for the Christchurch City Council. Notes: QV Hicks, D M (1997). Voller, R W (1969) A study of the macrofauna on the intertidal mudflats of the spit of the Avon and Heathcote Estuary. MSc thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Voller, R W (1973) Salinity, sediment, exposure and invertebrate macrofaunal distributions on the mudflats of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand. MSc thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Copy available at University of Canterbury, Central Library, on request. I note Voller’s Progress Report, referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Works & Development files, Wharves, Lighthouses, Marine Surveys

An Ihutai Bibliography 130 & Investigations: Box 175, item 16/2, Part 3, 1969-1977. titled ‘Salinity macrofauna relationships in the Avon Heathcote Estuary – an 8 month update, 2pp.

Vopel, K & Hancock, N (2005) More than just a crab hole. In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 13, No. 3, p18-19. Notes: Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/.

Waitangi Tribunal Report (1988) Evidence of Rawiri Te M Tau and Henare R Tau on mahinga kai, Tuahuriri area. The Waitangi Tribunal, Wellington. Ref. WAI 27 H6. Notes: Evidence given at the seventh hearing at Tuahiwi marae and Te Rau Aroha marae, Bluff, (11-20 April 1988).

Walls, E (1996) Resurvey of estuarine invertebrates adjacent to Oxidation Pond Outlet No 5. - November 1995. Unpublished report to Christchurch City Council Waste Management Unit. Notes: QV McAllum, Priscilla (1993).

Walker, J M, et al… (1975) Trench incorporation of sewage sludge in marginal agricultural land. Report for Christchurch City Council. Notes: Walsh, G W (1972) New Brighton: A Regional History 1852 - 1970. Printed by A & A Arts Ltd., for the Author, Christchurch. 207 pp. Notes: Avon River p41-43, Bridges p44-47, The Estuary p193-197, and Proposed canal p198-200. Errata slip pasted in. Walter, John L (1995) Estuary eastern foreshore erosion. Draft copy of an inhouse report prepared for the Water Services Unit, Christchurch, Design Services Unit, Christchurch City Council. 18 pp. Notes: Walter, John L (2006) Ferrymead Bridge proposed strengthening: assessment of hydraulic effects. City Solutions, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. May 2006. 23pp. Notes: Related to Resource Consent Application for a Lifelines Protection Project, the Ferrymead Bridge. Alternative title Assessment of hydraulic effects: impact of the Ferrymead Bridge widening on the Heathcote River channel. Concludes with a recommendation for dredging to retain the same tidal characteristics (velocity/area) in the lower estuarine reaches.

Walters, Roy (2002) Sediments and models: do they mix? In: Water & Atmosphere, NIWA, Vol. 10, No. 4, December 2002. Notes: QV Swales, Andrew et al. Also see:http://www.niwascience.co.nz/rc/freshwater/nzestuaries/.

Warner, G F (1977) The Biology of Crabs. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 202pp. Notes: First edition published by Elek Science, London. A landmark in its field, with many b&w illustrations. Crabs - from anatomy to life styles, from food to movement. Wassilieff, Maggy (2006) 'Estuaries'. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 9-Jun-2006. Website material. Notes: QV the following URL for other New Zealand estuarine material including plants. Accessible at: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/MarineEnvironments/Estuaries/en. Water Research Laboratory (2004) Findings in flows and scours about a pipeline barrier in Avon-Heathcote Estuary. Report prepared by Water Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 15 pp. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 131 Watson, J C (1989) Along the Hills : A History of the Heathcote Road Board and the Heathcote County Council, 1864-1989. The Council, Christchurch. 274 pp. Notes: Archives for the Heathcote County Council available at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch Regional Office reference (A349 – cover the years 1888-1945) and (A80 cover the years 1912-1960 ). The Heathcote County Council was incorporated in 1911 from what remained of the earlier Heathcote Road Board formed in 1863, and until a further amalgamation incorporated the Avon and Bromley Ridings within the Christchurch City Council in 1953, was situated to the south of the city in the Port Hills and to the east of the city near the Avon-Heathcote Estuary.

Watson, Katherine (2002) Heathcote Valley Park: a survey of the archaeological sites. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. July 2002. 34 pp. Notes: “The Heathcote Valley Park Project will transform the Heathcote Valley. This project, overseen by the Christchurch City Council, will see the naturalisation of waterways, the creation of sports fields and golf facilities, and the establishment of the Notes: This report was commissioned by the Parks and Waterways Unit of the Christchurch City Council to investigate the Maori and European archaeology of the area...”. Includes the Maori and European history of the Heathcote Valley, the results of the archaeological survey of both Maori and European sites, and extensive appendices. Bibliography p20. Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Room, Shelf No. 993.838 WAT.

Watson, Katherine (2004) An archaeological assessment of the New Brighton Ocean Outfall Scheme. Technical Report No. 21. Prepared for Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. May 2004. 7pp. Notes: Includes the history and archaeology of the area and the relevant legislation. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS. QV Tau, Rawiri Te Marie…

Watson, Katherine (2005) Ferrymead Bridge strengthening and widening: an archaeological assessment. Prepared for Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. August 2005. 13pp. Notes: With a detailed history of the Ferrymead Bridge site and the Sod/Cob Cottage.

Watts, Robert (2003) A Strategy for the protection and restoration of waterways and wetlands in Christchurch. Parks & Waterways Unit, Christchurch City Council. In: The National ICM Workshop Report – Workshop Presentations. 31 December 2003. Notes: In its original natural state, Christchurch’s surface water environment comprised three small coastal rivers, their estuaries, numerous spring fed streams and wetlands. This system sustained local Maori for 800 years. The development of the City has included the straightening and enlargement of rivers, construction of an extensive drainage system and the filling of lowland. Over the last 10 years a new management philosophy has evolved as set out in the Council’s Natural Asset Management Strategy for Waterways and Wetlands. It represents an investment of NZ$160 million over 40 years. It reflects six main values; ecology, landscape, recreation, heritage, culture and drainage. This paper describes the strategy and its programme of restoration and protection. Weaver, S, Sewell, R & Dorsey, C (1985) Extinct Volcanoes: a guide to the geology of Banks Peninsula. Geological Society of New Zealand, Lower Hutt, Wellington. Notes: Guidebook No. 7. Revised 1990. Webb, B F (1965) Report on a biological investigation of the Estuary of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers. Unpublished report for Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. Notes: Webb, B F (1968) Proposed barrage: Avon Heathcote River Estuary, Christchurch, a brief report on the possible biological [aspects] involved. Unpublished report for Christchurch Drainage Board, Christchurch. 6pp. Notes: References p5-6. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. Ministry of Transport, Christchurch material. Accession No. CH939 or [153?], item 54/29/4. Foreshores – Construction of a Barrage – Estuary of Avon and Heathcote Rivers, 1967  1974.

An Ihutai Bibliography 132 Webb, B F (1966) A study in the biology of the fish population of the Avon- Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. MSc thesis in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Webb, B F (1972) Fish populations of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary : (1). General ecology, distribution, and length-frequency. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 6, No. 4, p570-601. Ecan Record No. LI1C/1147, 1/12/1972. 32 pp. Notes: Characteristic organisms are tabulated, and the substrate conditions briefly described for seven habitats in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand. Temperatures and water movements within the estuary are outlined. From April 1965 to April 1966, samples were collected by short otter-trawl shots, gill netting, beach seine hauls, and dip netting; the limitations of the gear are noted. The distributions and movements are recorded for nine fish species. Accessible at: http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1972/42.php. Also published as an extract. Webb, B F (1973) Fish populations of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary : (2). Breeding and gonad maturity. In: The New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 7, No. 1 & 2, p45-66. Ecan Record No. LI1C/114?, 1/12/1972. 32 pp. Notes: Available at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1973/3.php . Also published as an extract. Webb, B F (1973) Fish populations of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary: (3) Gut contents. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 7, No. 3, p223-234. Notes: Details are given of gut-content analyses for nine fish species from the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. The percent occurrences of each food type recorded over the sampling period (April 1965-April 1966) for each species are compared. Monthly food tables are given for those species of which suitably large samples were obtained (sand flounder, yellow-bellied flounder, common sole, yellow-eyed mullet, and globefish). Where possible, the dietary occurrence of different food types is related to environmental and other factors observed or considered likely to influence food selection. Accessible at: http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1973/17.php. Also published as an extract. Webb, B F (1973) Fish populations of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary: (4) Parasites. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 7, No. 4, p301- 305. Notes: Parasites are tabulated and briefly discussed for nine fish species from the Avon-Heathcote estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1965-66: sand flounder, Rhombosolea plebeia (Richardson); yellow-bellied flounder, R. leporina (Hutton); common sole, Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae (Gunther); yellow-eyed mullet, Aldrichetta forsteri (Cuvier & Valenciennes); kahawai, Arripis trutta (Bloch & Schneider); spotty, Pseudolabrus celidotus (Bloch & Schneider); cockabully, Tripterygion nigripenne (Cuvier & Valenciennes); common bully, Gobiomorphus basalis (Gray); and globefish, Spheroides richei (Freminville). The monthly incidence of fungal patches and myxosporidian syncytia on the two Rhombosolea spp. is graphed, and suggests a tendency for infestation levels to decrease from winter to summer. Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1973/25.php. Also published as an extract.

Webb, B F (1973) Fish populations of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary: (5) Records of less common species. In: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 7, No. 4, p307-321. Notes: An account is given of nineteen fish species of slight or irregular occurrence in samples taken from the Avon- Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand between April 1965 and April 1966. Details are given of sampling locality and date, length, weight, sex, gonad maturity, gut contents, and parasites. Where the data permit, breeding status is inferred and discussed. Accessible at http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1973/26.php . Also published as an extract.

Webb, C J, Sykes, W R, Garnock-Jones, P J. (1988) Flora of New Zealand: Volume IV. Naturalised dicotyledons, gymnosperms, ferns and fern allies. 1365 pp. ISBN 0477025293. Notes: Also describes the naturalised trees. Known habitats and distribution are provided.

Webb, C J, Johnson, P & Sykes, B (1990) Flowering Plants of New Zealand. DSIR Botany, Christchurch. 146 pp. ISBN 0477025846.

An Ihutai Bibliography 133 Notes: Published with cooperation from the Caxton Press. A contribution to New Zealand’s 1990 celebrations from the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Webb, T & Tomlinson, R B (1992) Design procedures for effluent discharge to estuaries during ebb tide. In: Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 118, No 2, p338-362. Notes: The tide model is accessible from the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory at: www.pol.ac.uk/home/insight/doodsonmachine.html.

Webster, Kelly M (1997) Macrofauna and marsh plant associations in the Avon- Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. I, 113 leaves. Notes: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-106). Copy held at University of Canterbury, Central Library, QL 365.55 .W38, Shelved on level 2.

Weeber, J H (1993) Groundwater resources in the Woolston-Heathcote Valley area, Christchurch: a resource summary and recommendations for future investigations. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U93/24. Notes: Written by the Canterbury Regional Council hydrologist. QV Hertel et al (1998). Copy available at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Shelf No. 333.910409938338 WEE.

Weeber, J (1995) Groundwater availability guide for the Waimakariri - Rakaia Plains. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U95/57. Unpaginated. Notes:

Weeber, J & McCready, S (1997) Wells database user manual. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U97/69. Notes:

Weld, Suzanne (200?) The Avon River/Otakaro (Central City) Masterplan. Report for the Greenspace Unit, Christchurch City Council. Notes: “..prepared to guide the use and management of the river corridor for the next 25 years, in order to protect, integrate and celebrate the many layers of natural and cultural heritage. This document sets out the community’s aspirations for the corridor and a vision which reflects community values in guarding, managing and enjoying the Avon River/Ōtakaro and its setting through the central city…”. Amended by David Sissons, Greenspace Unit.

Welsh, Ray (1992) Be a friend of our estuary [poster]: Avon-Heathcote Estuary: Ihutai (the nose of the tide): the place, the wildlife, the people. Friends of the Estuary, Christchurch. Notes: A3 colour poster. Call number QH541.5 .E8 Be, Lincoln University. Also see Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust.

Wesney, B (1989) Parasite effects on growth of the mud whelk Cominella glandiformis (Reeve, 1874). Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of MSc in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Westerkov, K & Probert, K (1981) The Seas Around New Zealand. Reed, Wellington. 181 pp. ISBN 0589012681. Notes: Two marine biologists examine the geological and topographical impact of the sea on the New Zealand coastline and seabed and its influence on human thought and activity from pre-European times. Whatman, A C W (c1970) Christchurch Drainage Board farming operations. Report for Christchurch Drainage Board. Lincoln College, Canterbury. 26 (1)pp. Notes: Mainly the Bromley farm operation, with notes on soils, productivity and return. Referenced from Archives New

An Ihutai Bibliography 134 Zealand, Christchurch. Christchurch Drainage Board material (contracted from Christchurch City Council), Accession No. CH633, box 5, item 116. Wheen, N (1997) A natural flow – a history of water law in New Zealand. In: Otago Law Review, Vol. 9, No. 1, p71-110. Notes:

White, H E (1909) Report re harbour extensions including the Ships Canal: H. E. White’s Schedule of quantities and approximate estimates, in accordance with the above resolution, 5th February, 1909, attached hereto. For Lyttelton Harbour Board; Willis & Aiken, Christchurch. Notes: “ ... proposals for a Harbour at Gollan’s Bay and a Ship Canal with Port at Heathcote ... “. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Christchurch Canal Commission; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; Williams, Cyrus J. White, P A (1997) The causation of groundwater level variation in the Canterbury Museum well, Christchurch. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Report U97/37. Notes:

Whitehouse, I E & Hicks, D M (1991) Study brief for sedimentation and erosion investigation in Avon-Heathcote estuary catchment. Prepared for Drainage and Waste Management Unit; DSIR Land Resources, Christchurch. DBCN No. ACZ-7549. Notes: Whiteman, B & Walmsley, N (1996) Costing and pricing water and wastewater: a shift towards efficiency. In: Proceedings of the New Zealand Waste Water Association Conference, 1996, p134-137. Notes: Wigram, H F (1984) The Story of Christchurch. Capper Press, Christchurch. 269 pp., [36] p. of plates. Notes: Facsimile reprint of the first edition published by Lyttelton Times Co Ltd., Christchurch, 1916. A helpful and separately printed index has been bound in. Wilde, M & Bell, R (2004) Sumner Head sea-level recorder. Ecan Annual Report, 2004, U05/67. 10 pp. Notes:

Williams, B (1983) The Maori spiritual relationship with water. In: People & Planning, No 25, p25-26. Notes: Williams, B L [editor] (1985) Ocean Outfall Handbook. For the National Water & Soil Conservation Authority (Wellington), Water Quality Centre, Ministry of Works & Development, Hamilton. Water & Soil Miscellaneous Publication No. 76. 219pp. ISSN 01104705. Notes: Deals with the planning, design and monitoring of ocean outfalls to comply with water quality management objectives. The bias is to ocean outfall schemes at the investigation and design stage. Copy available at Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, Central Library, 628.1686162 OCE. Williams, Chrissie (200?) Avon-Heathcote Estuary/Ihutai – The application of integrated environmental management. Chrissie Williams, City Councillor, Christchurch City Council. 22 Powerpoint slides. Notes:

An Ihutai Bibliography 135 Williams, Chrissie (2003) Overview of the Avon-Heathcote Ihutai Estuary Trust: inter-agency and community collaboration. In: The National ICM Workshop Report – Workshop Presentations. 31 December 2003. Page 10. Notes: Conference report prepared by Dr Nicholas Edgar for the New Zealand Landcare Trust and the Ministry for the Environment, 43 pp. total. A description of community and resource management agencies initiatives to provide integrated environment management of the estuary ecosystem. A highly urbanised catchment with indications of increasing nutrient levels and heavy metal accumulation in shellfish and sediments. A non-statutory management plan designed to provide for clean water, open spaces, safe recreation and a healthy estuarine ecosystem.

Williams, Chrissie (2005) Report on The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Convention). Commissioned by the Avon Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust. November 2005. 26pp. Notes: The report has been prepared to provide guidance on the requirements of the Estuary to be nominated for the Ramsar list on the Convention of Wetlands.

Williams, Chrissie (2005) Report on Protection Mechanisms for the Avon Heathcote Estuary/Ihutai. Commissioned by the Avon Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Trust. November 2005. 69pp. Notes: The report has been prepared to investigate possible mechanisms that could increase the protection of the Estuary. Available from the AHEI Trust.

Williams Cyrus J R (1905) Memorandum on the subject of further harbour extensions, and on the feasibility of constructing a canal from the sea towards Christchurch. Lyttelton Harbour Board. Reprinted by Lyttelton Times. 25 November 1905. 9 pp. Notes: Folding maps to rear including Plan (No. 2) of Sumner Bay and suggested Christchurch canal – Port Linwood. Williams was the Lyttelton Harbour Board’s Chief Engineer. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel; Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E.

Williams, Cyrus J R (1911) Memorandum on Mr. J. Little’s proposal to construct a small canal from Sumner to the Estuary near the Heathcote Bridge. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Christchurch and Lyttelton. 28 February 1911. 8 pp. and 2 pp. sketches. Notes: Williams was the Lyttelton Harbour Board’s Chief Engineer. Includes Little’s correspondence on the matter. Referenced from Canterbury Museum Archives, DU 436.C3.3. Williams’ original handwritten notes are contained in files at Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAA 002-1667, 310/001. Box 947. Access to the Sea – Canal. 1905  1912. QV Allison, Charles; Canterbury Progress League; Coode, Son & Mathews; Cotton, R B; Jickell, Samuel Little, Joshua; Lyttelton Harbour Board; STC Advertising Agency; White, H E.

Williams Cyrus J R (1920) Proposed improvements, Avon Heathcote Estuary. Lyttelton Harbour Board, Lyttelton and Christchurch. 1 March 1920. Notes: A memorandum for the Lyttelton Harbour Board Chairman. Refers to the costs associated in achieving a minimum draft of 9 feet at low water at the Sumner Bar. In 1911 estimate was 72,000 Pounds, 1920 119,000 Pounds. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CH518 (E5, 33e), XBAH A2-1665, 310. Box 947. Avon Heathcote Estuary, Sumner Estuary. 1890  1929.

Williams, H W (1971) A Dictionary of the Maori Language. Government Printer, Wellington. xl, 499 pp. Notes: 7th edition, revised and augmented by the Advisory Committee on the Teaching of the Maori Language, Dept. of Education. The first edition published in Paihia, Bay of Islands, in 1844 under the title A Dictionary of the New Zealand Language. Williams, M (1959) Report on a biological investigation of the estuary of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers, Christchurch, New Zealand. Unpublished report to Christchurch Drainage Board. Presented by E F Scott. iv, 18 pp. [3 tables]. Notes: Later published (April 1960, 22pp.) by Pollution Advisory Council, Marine Department, Wellington - QV. Fish, birds, crenata, zoestra, spartina, amphibola, ulva, euglena. Copy available at Canterbury University, Central Library, Call number: QH 95.W725. Shelved on level 2.

An Ihutai Bibliography 136 Williams, M (1960) Report on a biological investigation of the estuary of the Avon and Heathcote Rivers, Christchurch, New Zealand. Unpublished report to Christchurch Drainage Board. Republished by the Pollution Advisory Council, Marine Department, Wellington, New Zealand; DBCN No. AAY-5605. 22pp. Notes: Copy available at University of Canterbury, Call number: QH95.W725, shelved on level 2. QV Williams, M (1959). Williams, W T (1963) Legal Description of Parts Reserves 4324 and 4325 (Recreation), Block 11, Sumner S. D. Lands & Survey Dept. 1 August 1963. Notes: Area to be reclaimed 38.2 acres. Referenced from Archives New Zealand, Christchurch. CABK, CH510. Item 8/5/68/11. McCormacks Bay Recreation Reserve. 1974-1987. Also contains much correspondence with the Combined Estuary Association, discussion regarding the kindergarten establishment and lease of the Mt Pleasant Community Centre land.

Williamson, J (1990) Sludge disposal investigations; study tour report. Report for Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Copy held at Christchurch City Council Laboratory. Willmot, C (1992) Sustainable management of wastes: solid waste. In: Sustainable management and the Resource Management Act. Proceedings of a seminar held 20 February 1992 at the Centre for Advanced Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. ISBN 0959800271. Notes: Wilson, H (1992) Banks ecological region: Port Hills, Herbert and Ecological Districts. Protected Natural Areas Programme Survey Report No 21, Department of Conservation. Notes:

Wilson, I G B, (1953) Characteristic method for solution of tidal problem. BE(Hons) thesis, Canterbury University College, Christchurch. Notes: Wilson, J [ed.] (1987) From the Beginning: The Archaeology of the Maori. Penguin Books in association with the NZ Historic Places Trust, Auckland. 175 pp., [16] pp. of plates. ISBN 0140102337. Notes: Maori consultant, Tipene O’Regan. Archaeology consultant, Atholl Anderson. Includes bibliographical references (p[154]-165) and index. Wilson, John (1989) Christchurch - Swamp to City: A Short History of the Christchurch Drainage Board 1875-1989. For the Christchurch Drainage Board. Te Waihora Press, Lincoln, Canterbury. 96 pp. ISBN 0908714041. Notes: With 8 folding maps. An institutional history of the Drainage Board which also covers all sewerage and stormwater drainage work in the city through to the dissolution of the Board in 1989. Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 352.6 WIL . QV Clark, William (1878) and Hercus, A I (1948) A City Built Upon a Swamp. Wilson, M D (1994) The salinity regime of the Lower Heathcote River and its effect on the distributions of invertebrates. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch. Notes: Wong, C C P & Thomson, S D (1992) Distribution of the cockle Chione stutchburyi in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand. Technical Report No. 5, Christchurch Drainage Laboratory; Ecan Record No. LI1C/7510, 1/03/1992. 16 pp. Notes: Bibliography p8-9. Patterns and trends in the distribution of cockles have long served as a good indicator of environmental conditions and the ecological status of the Avon Heathcote Estuary. The aim of this report is to update patterns of cockle densities and biomass and to compare the present situation with results of earlier studies. Copy on shelf at Central Library, Aotearoa New Zealand Centre, 594.11 WON.

An Ihutai Bibliography 137 Woodward-Clyde (NZ) Ltd. (1997) Bromley farm biosolids application: draft assessment of environmental effects. Report prepared for the Christchurch City Council. Notes: Woodward-Clyde (NZ) Ltd. (1998) Biosolids dewatering project; Final report - Dewatering plant options. Report prepared for the Christchurch City Council. Notes: Woodward-Clyde (NZ) Ltd. (1998) Christchurch City Wastewater Discharge Issues and Options Report. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by Woodward Clyde Ltd., Christchurch. 156 pp. Notes: Woodward-Clyde (NZ) Ltd. (1999) Christchurch city outfall preliminary geotechnical investigation. Prepared for Christchurch City Council by Woodward- Clyde (NZ) Ltd. 6 August 1999. Various paginations. Notes: Appendices of folding cross-sections + 8pp. of regional geology. Covers site geology and geotechnical properties of seabed materials. Three new boreholes were drilled along the line of a possible ocean pipeline and the results were compared with previously available geological information. One bore proved difficult to drill, possibly due to equipment problems, but there was no other indication of difficulties in installing a pipeline. Christchurch City Council contract 98/99- 232. Woodward-Clyde reference AC26666700.00/0007/R522A.DOC.

Woodward-Clyde (NZ) Ltd. (2000) Assessment of Avon and Heathcote river contaminant mass loads. Final report from Woodward- Clyde for the Christchurch City Council. 2 February 2000. 9pp. + [36]pp. appendices. Notes: Prepared by Chris Pratt and authorised by Cliff Tipler. Reference AC-AC266667/704/R001A2. New measurements from storm events were combined with past records to describe the pattern of contamination entering the Estuary from the two rivers. The report states that almost all sediments enter the Estuary during storms, and that most nitrogen enters during dry weather. For phosphorus dry weather flows bring half of the Avon’s contributions, whereas they bring only about 25 per cent of the Heathcote’s, likely source being the Ravensdown Fertiliser Co. Hornby. The annual contribution of reactive phosphorus is 3.2 tonnes from the Avon and 5 tonnes from the Heathcote.

Woodward-Clyde Ltd. (2004) Christchurch waster water discharge: issues and options. Technical Report No. 28. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. Prepared for Christchurch City Council. unpaginated [100pp+]. Notes: WC Ltd. reference number 42152309/00400/Tech.Reps.1A/. includes discussion of: treatment options – nutrient removal; disinfection; ponds and wetlands. Disposal options – ocean outfall; estuary outfall; land treatment and disposal. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

Works Consultancy Services (1991) Health Effects Associated with the Land Disposal of Sewage Sludge and Sewage Effluent. Report for Christchurch City Council, Christchurch. Notes: Copy held at Christchurch City Council Laboratory.

Wright, C F (1978) Environmental assessment of the Woolston Cut and associated stop-banking on the Heathcote River. Christchurch Drainage Board. Canterbury Regional Council Library Series L01C-1388. 84pp. Notes: With a folding map/plan of artist’s impression inside front cover. “The river mud may be considered to be “healthy” and can be expected to metabolise most added nutrients provided it is not subjected to inorganic poisons that might harm the micro flora and fauna.” With the history of the proposal from 1936 at p15-19 and bibliography at p61-62. Appendix 7 is

An Ihutai Bibliography 138 Walker, J R & McCallion, Rosemary F ‘A study if the respiration and micro flora of the mud of the Heathcote River’ – Botany Department, University of Canterbury. Copy available at Christchurch Polytechnic, City Campus, General Collection - shelf location TC522.5.H4ENV and copy on shelf at Central Library, 627.40993838 ENV.

Wylie, Dr E et al… (2002) Decisions on the Resource Consent Applications made by the Christchurch City Council to discharge into the Avon/Heathcote estuaries. 30 April 2002. 236pp. Notes: With Prof. A J Gilmour, Ms R Kirikiri and J W Bradley. Interim Decision on CRC012011 and Final Decisions on CRC012011, 012012, 012013, 012014, 012015, and 012016. Copy available at Christchurch Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 IN. QV Christchurch City Council (2005) Assessment of Environmental Effects…

Zeldis, John & Gall, Mark (1999) Assessment of Bromley sewage effluent on phytoplankton growth at the proposed Pegasus Bay ocean outfall site. Technical Report No. 14. Christchurch City Council ocean outfall pipeline. NIWA Client Report CHC99/30 for Christchurch City Council. NIWA Project No. WCL96502, May 1999. 17pp. Notes: QV Technical Report No. 15 - Spigel, Bob & Zeldis, John (2004). The purpose of this report was to assess the potential for an algal bloom in Pegasus Bay as a result of the possible ocean pipeline. Using newly gathered field and laboratory information the report shows that algae could increase under some combinations of tide and calm weather conditions, but that the increase would not be of bloom proportions. The information in the report could be combined with ocean current modelling to better quantify longer term predictions. The applications relate to activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of a proposed ocean outfall for the discharge of treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant into Pegasus Bay. The proposal involves the construction of an underground pipeline, associated pump station and surge chamber; and the discharge of treated wastewater via a diffuser located at the end of the pipeline. The pipeline will cross the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Ihutai), the South New Brighton sand spit and foreshore, and the seabed of Pegasus Bay. Forms part of, and QV, URS New Zealand Ltd. (2004) Assessment of environmental effects… Copy available at Central Library, Shelf No. 628.3 ASS.

An Ihutai Bibliography 139 Organisations Christchurch Regional Office Archives New Zealand (Te Rua Mahara o te Kawanatanga) PO Box 642 90 Peterborough Street Christchurch Phone: 03 377 0760 Fax: 03 365 2662 Email: [email protected] http://www.nram.org.nz

Head Office Archives New Zealand (Te Rua Mahara o te Kawanatanga) PO Box 12-050 10 Mulgrave Street Wellington Phone: 04 499 5595 Fax: 04 495 6219 Email: [email protected] http://www.nram.org.nz

Avon-Heathcote Ihutai Estuary Trust PO Box 2657 Christchurch Phone: 03 379 2257 Email: [email protected] http://www.estuary.org.nz/contact-us.html

Documentary Research Centre Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue Christchurch 8001 Phone: 03 3665000 Fax: 03 3665622 Email: [email protected] http://www.canterburymuseum.com

Canterbury Public Library P O Box 1466 Christchurch Phone: 03 9417923 Fax: 03 9417848 Email: [email protected] http://library.christchurch.org.nz

An Ihutai Bibliography 140 Canterbury University Press Private Bag 4800 Creyke Road, Ilam Christchurch Phone: 03 364 2914 Fax: 03 364 2044 Email: [email protected] http://www.cup.canterbury.ac.nz/

Civic Offices Christchurch City Council PO Box 237 167-173 Tuam St Christchurch Phone: 03 9418999 Fax: 03 9418786 Email: [email protected] http://www.ccc.govt.nz

Parks and Waterways Christchurch City Council PO Box 237 Christchurch Phone: 03 941 6840 Fax: 03 941 8267 Email: [email protected] http://www.ccc.govt.nz

Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology (Te Wananga o Otautahi) PO Box 540 Christchurch Phone: 03 940 8000 Fax: 03 366 6544

Canterbury Conservancy Department of Conservation (Te Papa Atawhai) Private Bag 4715 Conservation House, 133 Victoria Street Christchurch 8013 Phone: 03 379 9758 Fax: 03 365 1388 Email: [email protected]

Head Office Department of Conservation (Te Papa Atawhai) PO Box 10420 59 Boulcott Street Wellington 6011

An Ihutai Bibliography 141 Phone: 04 471 0726 Fax: 04 471 1082 http://www.doc.govt.nz

Environment Canterbury/Canterbury Regional Council PO Box 345 58 Kilmore Street Christchurch Phone: 03 353 9007 Fax: 03 365 3194 Email: [email protected] http://www.ecan.govt.nz

EOS Ecology PO Box 4262 Christchurch Phone: 03 377 6677 http://www.eosecology.co.nz/

Christchurch Processing Centre Land Information New Zealand (Toitu te Whenua) Private Bag 4721 Torrens House, 195 Hereford Street Christchurch Fax: 03 3666422 Email: [email protected] http://www.linz.govt.nz

Lincoln University (Te Whare Wanaka o Aoraki) PO Box 84 Ellesmere Junction Road/Springs Road, Lincoln Christchurch 7647 Phone: 03 325 2811 Email: [email protected] http://www.lincoln.ac.nz

Manaaki Whenua Press PO Box 40 Lincoln, Canterbury 8152 Phone: 03 325 6700 Fax: 03 325 2127 Email: [email protected]

An Ihutai Bibliography 142 http://www.mwpress.co.nz

Christchurch Office Ministry for the Environment (Manatu Mo Te Taiao) PO Box 1345 Level 7, Te Waipounamu House, 158 Hereford Street Christchurch 8011 Phone: 03 365 9270 Fax: 03 365 9560 Email: [email protected] http://www.mfe.govt.nz

Head Office Ministry for the Environment (Manatu Mo Te Taiao) PO Box 10362 Environment House, 23 Kate Sheppard Place, Thorndon Wellington 6011 Phone: 04 439 7400 Fax: 04 439 7700 Email: [email protected] http://www.mfe.govt.nz

National Institute of Water & Atmosphere (Taihoro Nukurangi) Private Bag 99940 269 Khyber Pass Road, Newmarket Auckland Phone: 09 375 2090 Fax: 09 375 2091 http://www.niwa.co.nz

National Library of New Zealand (Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa) PO Box 1467 Corner of Aitken and Molesworth Streets Wellington 6001 Phone: 04 474 3000 Fax: 04 474 3035 Email: [email protected] http://www.natlib.govt.nz

New Zealand Landcare Trust (Nga Matapopore Whenua) PO Box 39-141 Christchurch Phone: 03 962 9555 Fax: 03 962 9557 Email: [email protected]

An Ihutai Bibliography 143 http://www.landcare.org.nz

Royal Society of New Zealand PO Box 598 4 Halswell Street, Thorndon Wellington 6001 Phone: 04 472 7421 Fax: 04 473 1841 http://www.rsnz.govt.nz

Sumner Redcliffs Historical Society Cnr Wakefield Ave & Nayland Street Sumner Phone: 03 384 1159

University of Auckland (Te Whare Wananga o Tamaki Makaurau) Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre Auckland 1142 Phone: 09 373 7999 Email: [email protected] Zealand http://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/

Early New Zealand Books University of Auckland Library (Te Tuma Herenga) Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1020 Phone: 09 373 7999 Email: [email protected] http://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz

University of Canterbury (Te Whare Wananga o Waitaha) Private Bag 4800 Ilam Road Christchurch 8140 Phone: 03 366 7001 Fax: 03 364 2999 Email: [email protected] http://www.canterbury.ac.nz

An Ihutai Bibliography 144

Victoria University of Wellington (Te Whare Wananga o te Opoko o te Ika a Maui) PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 Phone: 04 472 1000 Fax: 04 499 4601 Email: [email protected] http://www.vuw.ac.nz

Waitangi Tribunal (Te Ropu Whahamana I te Tiriti o Waitangi) PO Box 5022 Level 2, Caltex Tower, 141 The Terrace Wellington/Te Whanganui- a-Tara Phone: 04 914 3000 Fax: 04 914 3001 http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz

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