DOCSLIB.ORG

Xerox University Microfilms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Xerox University Microfilms INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page{s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 77-2473 O ’NEILL, Patrick Joseph, 1949- ACETALDEHYDE AND NEUROAMINE-DERIVED TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS: ROLE IN ALCOHOL TOXICITY AND DEPENDENCE. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1976 Pharmacology Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 ACETALDEHYDE AND NEUROAMINE-DERIVED TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS: ROLE IN ALCOHOL TOXICITY AND DEPENDENCE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Patrick Joseph O'Neill, B.S ***** The Ohio State University 1976 Reading Committee: Approved By Dennis R. Feller Duane D. Miller Ralf G. Rahwan Harold H. Wolf Adviser College of Pharmacy ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dr. Ralf G. Rahwan, for providing direction and inspiration throughout my graduate career, both in the laboratory and in the classroom. My wife, Janie, for her constant support, encouragement, and understanding. My parents, for encouraging academic achievement. Drs. Dennis R. Feller, Duane D. Miller, and Harold H. Wolf, for helpful suggestions during this work. The American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education, for financial support during certain phases of this work. ii VITA July 12, 1949 Born-Columbus, Ohio 1972................... ...... B.S. with distinction in Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1972-1974..................... Teaching Assistant, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1974-197 5..................... Research Assistant, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1975-197 6 ..................... Abe Plough Citation Fellow of The American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education PUBLICATIONS "Pharmacological Investigations with Chlorpheniramine Isomers." B.S. Degree with Distinction, The Ohio State University, 1972. "Differential Secretion of Catecholamines and Tetrahydro- isoquinoline Alkaloids from the Bovine Adrenal Medulla." Fed. Proc. 3^:497, 1974. "Differential Secretion of Catecholamines and Tetra- hydroisoquinoline Alkaloids from the Bovine Adrenal Medulla." Life Sci. 14:1927-1938, 1974. "Stereoisomers of an Antihistamine and the Pharmacologic Receptors of Rabbit Aorta." Pharmacological Res. Comm. 7:273-279, 1975. "Experimental Evidence for Calcium-independent Catechol­ amine Secretion from the Bovine Adrenal Medulla." Fed. Proc. 3£:739' 1975. "Experimental Evidence for Calcium-independent Catechol­ amine Secretion from the Bovine Adrenal Medulla." J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 193:513-522, 1975. iii "Protection Against Acute Toxicity of Acetaldehyde in Mice." Res. Conun. Chem. Path. Pharmacol. 13:125- 128, 1976. "Absence of Formation of Brain Salsolinol During Chronic Ethanol Administration to Mice." Pharmacologist. In press, 1976. "A Modified Gas Chromatographic/Electron Capture Assay Method for Salsolinol in Brain Tissue." Submitted for publication. "Absence of Formation of Brain Salsolinol in Ethanol- dependent Mice." Submitted for publication. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Pharmacology Pharmacology of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Mechanisms of Stimulus-Secretion Coupling Toxicology TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................ H VITA ................................. ii;i- LIST OF TABLES......................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES........................................ ** Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Interaction of Ethanol with Neuro- transmitter Systems...................... 1 1.2 The Tetrahydroisoguinoline Alkaloid Hypotheses................................ 5 1.3 Biological Formation and Inhibition of Formation of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids................................. 13 1.4 Pharmacology of the Tetrahydroiso- quinolines................................ 21 1.5 Statement of the Problem................ 27 II. METHODS AND MATERIALS M .1 Synthesis and Release of Tetrahydro­ isoquinoline Alkaloids from the Bovine Adrenal Medulla.......................... 31 M.2 Role of Intracellular Calcium in Acetaldehyde-induced Catecholamine Release from the Adrenal Medulla 36 M.3 Protection Against Acute Toxicity of Acetaldehyde in Mice..................... 3!) M.4 Chronic Alcohol Administration Experiments............................... v Page M.5 Chemical Determinations M.5.1 Measurement of Catechol­ amines and TIQs by Thin-layer Chromatography....................... 44 M.S.2 Measurement of Catechol­ amines by Colorimetry............... 46 M.S.3 Measurement of Protein in Sub- cellular Fractions of Bovine Adrenal Medulla...................... 47 45 M.S.4 Determination of Ca in Sub- cellular Fractions of Bovine Adrenal Medulla...................... 48 M.5.5 Measurement of Mitochondrial Succinic Cytochrome c Reductase in Sucrose Density Gradient Fractions of Bovine Adrenal Medulla............................... 49 M.5.6 Determination of Ethanol in Blood and Chamber Air................ 50 M.S.7 Analysis of Whole Brain Salsolinol............................ 51 M.5.8 Analysis of Salsolinol in Brain Parts...........„.............. 55 III. RESULTS R.l Synthesis and Release of Tetrahydro- isoquinoline Alkaloids from the Bovine Adrenal Medulla.......................... 56 R.2 Role of Intracellular Calcium in Acet- aldehyde-induced Catecholamine Release from the Adrenal Medulla................. 5 2 R.2.1 Concentration-Effect Relation­ ships................................. 62 R.2.2 Effect of Magnesium............. 65 R.2.3 Release of Catecholamines...... 65 R.2.4 Release of ^ C a .................. 58 vi Page R.2.5 Subcellular Distribution of Mitochondria and Chromaffin Gran­ ules . 71 R.2.6 Subcellular Distribution of 45Ca ............. 76 R.3 Protection Against Acute Toxicity of Acetaldehyde in Mice..................... 78 R.4 Absence of Formation of Brain Salsol­ inol in Ethanol-dependent Mice......... 83 R.4.1 Chamber Alcohol/Blood Alcohol Relationship......................... 83 R.4.2 Establishment of Physical Dependence............................ 90 R.4.3 Analysis of Single Whole Brains for Salsolinol....................... 93 R.4.4 Analysis of Pooled Whole Brains for Salsolinol........................ 109 R.4.5 Analysis of Pooled Brain Parts for Salsolinol........................ 109 IV. DISCUSSION D.l Synthesis and Release of Tetrahydro- isoquinoline Alkaloids from the Bovine Adrenal Medulla.................... 116 D.2 Role of Intracellular Calcium in Acetaldehyde-induced Catecholamine Release from the Adrenal Medulla......... 118 D.3 Protection Against Acute Toxicity of Acetaldehyde in Mice...................... 123 D .4 Absence of Formation of Brain Salsol­ inol in Ethanol-dependent Mice.......... 125 BIBLIOGRAPHY 128 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Scoring System for Convulsions Elicited by Lifting a Mouse by theTail ................... 45 2. Enzyme Distribution in Sucrose Density Gradient Fractions of Bovine Adrenal Medulla......................................... 72 3. Effect of Acetaldehyde on Subcellular Distribution of 45ca in Isolated Bovine Adrenal Medulla................................ 77 4. Effect of Protecting Agents on Acute Toxicity of Acetaldehyde in Mice and Rats... 81 5. Retention Times and Recoveries for Tyramine, Dopamine and Salsolinol......... ............. 103 6. Summary of Chronic Alcohol Administration Studies (single brain experiments).......... 10 4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Structures and Routes of Formation of the Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids......... 8 2 . Schematic Representation of the Apparatus Used to Deliver Alcohol Vapors to the Test Mice.................................... 42 3. Flowsheet
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Neurotransmitter Resource Guide
    NEUROTRANSMITTER RESOURCE GUIDE Science + Insight doctorsdata.com Doctor’s Data, Inc. Neurotransmitter RESOURCE GUIDE Table of Contents Sample Report Sample Report ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Analyte Considerations Phenylethylamine (B-phenylethylamine or PEA) ................................................................................................. 1 Tyrosine .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Tyramine ........................................................................................................................................................................................4 Dopamine .....................................................................................................................................................................................6 3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid (DOPAC) ............................................................................................................... 7 3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT) ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Norepinephrine ........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Neurochemical Effects of Several Carboxylated Tetrahydroisoquinolines
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1983 The Neurochemical Effects of Several Carboxylated Tetrahydroisoquinolines Jerome James Hannigan Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Hannigan, Jerome James, "The Neurochemical Effects of Several Carboxylated Tetrahydroisoquinolines" (1983). Dissertations. 2225. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/2225 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1983 Jerome James Hannigan The Neurochemical Effects of Several Carboxylated Tetrahydroisoquinolines by Jerome James Hannigan A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago. in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY June 1983 .,.. ·-. ~ 1983, Jerome James Hannigan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge Dr. Michael Collins for his role in training me to be a research scientist. His supervision has been helpful in pursuing the answers to the questions addressed by this dissertation. I wish to thank Dr. Byron Anderson for encouraging me to pursue a career in Biochemistry. I have come to share his love for science. I could not have survived graduate school without the help and guidance of the faculty of the Department of Biochemistry. To my fellow students I owe a debt of gratitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Simultaneous Quantification of Plasma 3-Methoxytyramine, Metanephrine and Normetanephrine by Ultraperformance LC-MSMS
    P23a Simultaneous Quantification of Plasma 3-Methoxytyramine, Metanephrine and Normetanephrine by Ultraperformance LC-MSMS Erdim Sertoglu (1), Namik Kemal Nazaroglu (2) (1) University of Health Sciences, Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey (2) Synlab Ankara Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey SHORT ABSTRACT Methods and LC-MS/MS Conditions Metanephrine (MN), normetanephrine (NMN), and 3-methoxytyramine (MTY) are are produced Reversed-phase HPLC separation was performed using a Raptor HILIC-Si LC column (50 x 2.1 mm by O-methylation of the catecholamines. In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid and sensitive (i.d.); 2.7 μm particle size) after extraction onto Oasis WCX (1 mL, 10 mg) 30 µm cartridges. mass spectrometry based method coupled to ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC- Samples were injected at a flow of 0.6 mL/min using a gradient of mobile phases A (95:5 Water:ACN MS/MS) to measure these plasma catecholamine metabolites for the diagnosis of + 30 mM ammonium formate) and B (15:85 Water:ACN + 30 mM ammonium formate). Details of neuroendocrine tumors. Reversed-phase HPLC separation was performed using a Raptor analysis conditions are presented in Table 2. HILIC-Si LC column (50 x 2.1 mm (i.d.); 2.7 μm particle size) after extraction onto Oasis WCX (1 mL, 10 mg) 30 µm solid-phase extraction cartridges. This method, with good precision, RESUTS sensitivity and linearity, can be used in clinical and research laboratories. Precision experiments to determine intra-day and inter-day precisions were performed using two replicates of level 2 control material (levels were 378 ng/L, 244 ng/L and 196 ng/L for MN, NMN and INTRODUCTION MTY, respectively) across three independent analytical runs.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogenic Amine Reference Materials
    Biogenic Amine reference materials Epinephrine (adrenaline), Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and acid (HVA) are end products of catecholamine metabolism. Increased urinary excretion of VMA dopamine are a group of biogenic and HVA is a diagnostic marker for neuroblastoma, amines known as catecholamines. one of the most common solid cancers in early childhood. They are produced mainly by the chromaffin cells in the medulla of the adrenal gland. Under The biogenic amine, serotonin, is a neurotransmitter normal circumstances catecholamines cause in the central nervous system. A number of disorders general physiological changes that prepare the are associated with pathological changes in body for fight-or-flight. However, significantly serotonin concentrations. Serotonin deficiency is raised levels of catecholamines and their primary related to depression, schizophrenia and Parkinson’s metabolites ‘metanephrines’ (metanephrine, disease. Serotonin excess on the other hand is normetanephrine, and 3-methoxytyramine) are attributed to carcinoid tumours. The determination used diagnostically as markers for the presence of of serotonin or its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic a pheochromocytoma, a neuroendocrine tumor of acid (5-HIAA) is a standard diagnostic test when the adrenal medulla. carcinoid syndrome is suspected. LGC Quality - ISO Guide 34 • GMP/GLP • ISO 9001 • ISO/IEC 17025 • ISO/IEC 17043 Reference materials Product code Description Pack size Epinephrines and metabolites TRC-E588585 (±)-Epinephrine
    [Show full text]
  • Drug Interference with Measurement of Metanephrines in Urine* BERT SPILKER, M.D., PH.D.,F • J BILLIE S
    ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE, Vol. 13, No. 1 Copyright © 1983, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Drug Interference with Measurement of Metanephrines in Urine* BERT SPILKER, M.D., PH.D.,f • j BILLIE S. WATSON, B.S.f and JAMES W. WOODS, M.D.f f Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, NC 27514 and \Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 ABSTRACT The influence of 35 commonly used drugs on measurement of metaneph­ rines in urine was evaluated. Two concentrations of drugs were chosen for study based on usual doses and the percent of dose excreted unchanged in the urine. At “medium” drug concentrations, only phenylephrine falsely elevated metanephrine levels, whereas at a 10-fold higher drug concentra­ tion, guanethidine, hydrocortisone, imipramine, isoetharine, levodopa, phénobarbital, and phenylephrine caused positive interference. Propranol and theophylline caused a negative interference at the two concentrations studied. The significance of these results is discussed. Introduction sociated with elevated urinary metaneph­ rine levels in patients in whom a pheo­ The diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma chromocytoma was not demonstrated.8 A often rests on the demonstration of ele­ number of these drugs were found to vated urinary metanephrine excretion. cause interference with the quantitative Although a number of methods have measurement of metanephrine and, there­ been used to measure metanephrine fore, potentially to complicate the assess­ levels, the majority utilizes spectropho- ment of the patient’s correct diagnosis. tometric techniques. These techniques This study did not evaluate any in vivo are subject to interference by drugs effects of the drugs that would directly or which the patient may be taking at the indirectly alter amounts of metanephrine time.
    [Show full text]
  • Negative Urinary Fractionated Metanephrines and Elevated
    Metab y & o g lic lo S o y n n i r d Endocrinology & Metabolic c r o o m d n e E Carrillo et al., Endocrinol Metab Synd 2015, 4:1 ISSN: 2161-1017 Syndrome DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000i004 Clinical Image Open Access Negative Urinary Fractionated Metanephrines and Elevated Urinary Vanillylmandelic Acid in a Patient with a Sympathetic Paravesical Paraganglioma Lisseth Fernanda Marín Carrillo1* and Edwin Antonio Wandurraga Sánchez2 1Centro Médico Carlos Ardila Lulle, Carrera 24 # 154-106, Urbanización El Bosque, Torre B Módulo 55 consultorio 806, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia 2Deparment of Endocrinology and Molecular Oncology, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB Campus El Bosque, Calle 157 # 14 – 55 Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia *Corresponding author: Lisseth Fernanda Marín Carrillo, Centro Médico Carlos Ardila Lulle, Carrera 24 # 154-106, Urbanización El Bosque. Torre B Módulo 55 consultorio 806, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia, Tel: +57689303, +573188481025; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Jan 06, 2015, Accepted date: Jan 07, 2015, Published date: Jan 9, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Carrillo LFM, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Clinical Image hrs). An 18 fluorodeoxiglucose PET/CT study (18 FDG PET/CT) showed an abnormal glucose uptake in the bladder with 16.9 SUVs. No distant metastases were reported. Surgical resection was performed successfully and antihypertensive medication was discontinued. The patient remains asymptomatic and normotensive (unmedicated). Results of genetic testing are pending [1-3].
    [Show full text]
  • 02 Whole.Pdf (8.428Mb)
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. THE EFFECTS OF ETiiANOL ON CATECHOLAMINE AND SEROTONIN METABOLISM IN MAN A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biochemistry at Massey University NEIL JAMES COOK 1981 ii ABSTRACT Che.mical and gas chromatographic methods for the estimation of catecholamine and serotonin metabolites in normal urine have been investigated with the aim of applying them to the study of the effects of ethanol on biogenic amine metabolism. It was concluded that both methods would be incapable of accurately d¢,onstrating any changes in urinary metabolite levels that were expected to occur as a consequence of ethanol ingestion. A GCMS technique for quantitating five acidic catecholamine and serotonin metabolites was developed, and was found to exhibit excellent specificity and sensitivity. When applied to the analysis of alcoholic metabolites, the technique was subject to interference from extraneous compounds, and further development is required. The GCMS technique was applied to the analysis of catecholamine and serotonin metabolites in the urine of normal male adults who had ingested ethanol. It was concluded that ethanol induces a shift in metabolism away from oxidative toward reductive pathways for adrenaline, noradrenaline and serotonin, but not for dopamine. An increased HVA excretion observed after ethanol ingestion was shown to be possibly due to the diuretic effect of ethanol.
    [Show full text]
  • Properties and Units in the Clinical Laboratory Sciences Part X
    Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 747–972, 2000. © 2000 IUPAC INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE SCIENTIFIC DIVISION COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE, PROPERTIES AND UNITS (C-NPU)# and INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY AND HUMAN HEALTH DIVISION CLINICAL CHEMISTRY SECTION COMMISSION ON NOMENCLATURE, PROPERTIES AND UNITS (C-NPU)§ PROPERTIES AND UNITS IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES PART X. PROPERTIES AND UNITS IN GENERAL CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (Technical Report) (IFCC–IUPAC 1999) Prepared for publication by HENRIK OLESEN1, INGE IBSEN1, IVAN BRUUNSHUUS1, DESMOND KENNY2, RENÉ DYBKÆR3, XAVIER FUENTES-ARDERIU4, GILBERT HILL5, PEDRO SOARES DE ARAUJO6, AND CLEM McDONALD7 1Office of Laboratory Informatics, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Our Lady’s Hospital for Sick Children, Dublin, Ireland; 3Dept. of Standardisation in Laboratory Medicine, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; 4Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; 5Dept. of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; 6Dept. of Biochemistry, IQUSP, São Paolo, Brazil; 7Regenstrief Inst. for Health Care, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA #§The combined Memberships of the Committee and the Commission (C-NPU) during the preparation of this report (1994 to 1996) were as follows: Chairman: H. Olesen (Denmark, 1989–1995); D. Kenny (Ireland, 1996). Members: X. Fuentes-Arderiu (Spain, 1991–1997); J. G. Hill (Canada; 1987–1997); D. Kenny (Ireland, 1994–1997); H. Olesen (Denmark, 1985–1995); P. L. Storring (UK, 1989–1995); P. Soares de Araujo (Brazil, 1994–1997); R. Dybkær (Denmark, 1996–1997); C. McDonald (USA, 1996–1997). Please forward comments to: H.
    [Show full text]
  • Timed-Urine-For-Catecholamines-Metanephrines-VMA-HVA-5-HIAA.Pdf
    Patient Instructions Timed Urine for Catecholamines, Metanephrines, VMA, HVA, and 5HIAA Testing If you are taking or unsure about any of the medications listed below, we suggest that you first consult with your doctor and ask if they can be safely discontinued for 1 week before the test. Catecholamines (Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine) Metanephrines (Metanephrine and Normetanephrine), VMA and/or HVA: You will be required to follow these instructions for 72 hours prior to the test and during the collection of the 24 hour urine. Avoid the following: Tea, coffee, energy drinks, alcohol, tobacco Strenuous exercise L-dopa, MAO inhibitors, TCAs, nasal decongestants or antihistamines containing pseudoephedrine, non-selective alpha blockers and other medications likely to interfere with catecholamines and their metabolism Foods: Bananas Potatoes Fruit Juices Beans Nuts Hard Cheese Tomatoes After you have been on the diet restrictions for 3 days, you will collect urine in the bottle provided for a 24 hour period according to the “Timed Urine Collection Instructions”. Note: Common antihypertensives (diuretics, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, alpha / beta blockers) may be continued as these are expected to cause little or no interference. 5-HIAA Testing: You will be required to follow a special diet for 72 hours prior to the test and during the collection of the 24 hour urine. Avoid the following: Foods: Avocados Melons (all) Bananas Nuts (all) Dates Pineapple Eggplant Plums Grapefruit Tomatoes Kiwi fruit Title: Timed Urine for Catecholamines - Metanephrines - VMA - HVA and 5 HIAA Doc.#38104 Ver 1.1 Page 1 of 2 Medications and Supplements: Salicylates (e.g. Aspirin) Acetaminophen L-dopa Cough syrup containing guaifenesin Herbal remedies Supplements for serotonin, tryptophan or 5-HTP After you have been on the diet restrictions for 3 days, you will collect urine in the bottle provided for a 24 hour period according to the “Timed Urine Collection Instructions”.
    [Show full text]
  • Principles-Of-Autonomic-Medicine-V
    Principles of Autonomic Medicine v. 2.1 DISCLAIMERS This work was produced as an Official Duty Activity while the author was an employee of the United States Government. The text and original figures in this book are in the public domain and may be distributed or copied freely. Use of appropriate byline or credit is requested. For reproduction of copyrighted material, permission by the copyright holder is required. The views and opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any of its components. References in this book to specific commercial products, processes, services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise do not necessarily constitute or imply their endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or its employees. The appearance of external hyperlinks is provided with the intent of meeting the mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Such appearance does not constitute an endorsement by the United States Government or any of its employees of the linked web sites or of the information, products or services contained at those sites. Neither the United States Government nor any of its employees, including the author, exercise any editorial control over the information that may be found on these external sites. Permission was obtained from the following for reproduction of pictures in this book. Other reproduced pictures were from -- 1 -- Principles of Autonomic Medicine v. 2.1 Wikipedia Commons or had no copyright. Tootsie Roll Industries, LLC (Tootsie Roll Pop, p. 26) Dr. Paul Greengard (portrait photo, p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16
    Edinburgh Research Explorer The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16 Citation for published version: Alexander, SP, Fabbro, D, Kelly, E, Marrion, N, Peters, JA, Benson, HE, Faccenda, E, Pawson, AJ, Sharman, JL, Southan, C, Davies, JA & Collaborators, C 2015, 'The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Enzymes', British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 172, no. 24, pp. 6024-6109. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13354 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1111/bph.13354 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: British Journal of Pharmacology General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 04. Oct. 2021 S.P.H. Alexander et al. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Enzymes. British Journal of Pharmacology (2015) 172, 6024–6109 THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Enzymes Stephen PH Alexander1, Doriano Fabbro2, Eamonn
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Catecholamines and Pterins in Inborn Errors of Monoamine Neurotransmitter Metabolism—From Past to Future
    cells Review Analysis of Catecholamines and Pterins in Inborn Errors of Monoamine Neurotransmitter Metabolism—From Past to Future Sabine Jung-Klawitter * and Oya Kuseyri Hübschmann Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-(0)6221-5639586 Received: 30 June 2019; Accepted: 4 August 2019; Published: 9 August 2019 Abstract: Inborn errors of monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis and degradation belong to the rare inborn errors of metabolism. They are caused by monogenic variants in the genes encoding the proteins involved in (1) neurotransmitter biosynthesis (like tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)), (2) in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor biosynthesis (GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH), 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), sepiapterin reductase (SPR)) and recycling (pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase (PCD), dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR)), or (3) in co-chaperones (DNAJC12). Clinically, they present early during childhood with a lack of monoamine neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and its products norepinephrine and epinephrine. Classical symptoms include autonomous dysregulations, hypotonia, movement disorders, and developmental delay. Therapy is predominantly based on supplementation of missing cofactors or neurotransmitter precursors. However, diagnosis is difficult and is predominantly based on quantitative detection of neurotransmitters, cofactors, and precursors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, and blood. This review aims at summarizing the diverse analytical tools routinely used for diagnosis to determine quantitatively the amounts of neurotransmitters and cofactors in the different types of samples used to identify patients suffering from these rare diseases. Keywords: inborn errors of metabolism; catecholamines; pterins; HPLC; fluorescence detection; electrochemical detection; MS/MS 1.
    [Show full text]