Newsletter Issn 1834-4259 No

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Newsletter Issn 1834-4259 No ACN 067 894848 MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALASIA NEWSLETTER ISSN 1834-4259 NO. 140 MARCH 2011 Note from the guest editor Dr Kirsten Benkendorff Email: [email protected] It has been a pleasure to edit the first issue of Aus- lished a taxonomic review of molluscan chemistry tralasian Shell news for 2011. There is so much excit- (Benkendorff 2010). The anticancer extract from the ing molluscan research going on in Australian at the whelk Dicathais orbita has recently passed through the moment that it was no trouble finding articles to in- clude in this issue. From the depths of Antarctica to the rain forest of Northern NSW, there should be something here to interest all our members! Molluscs have also featured prominently in the news over the last few months – but unfortunately the news is not so good, reporting large scale mortali- ties of molluscs in many areas around Australia, as well as overseas. In some cases the cause is known to be disease, with new Herpes viruses causing major problems for the abalone and oyster industries. In other cases the causes are more speculative, such as seismic activity in Tasmania and agricultural run-off in Northern NSW. All these mortality incidents highlight the urgent need for more research aimed at assessing Dr. Kirsten Benkendorff our molluscan diversity and better understanding the impact of anthropogenic stressors and the cumulative first preclinical trial in rodents. The extract was found effects of climate change. to prevent tumor formation in a model for colorectal As part of an Australian Seafood CRC project at cancer (Westley et al 2010) Flinders University, Ph.D. student Vinh Dang under References the cosupervision of virologist Dr Peter Speck and I, Benkendorff., K. 2010. Molluscan biological and has been investigating the antiviral properties of aba- chemical diversity: Secondary metabolites and lone (Dang et al., 2011). We have found substantial medicinal resources produced by marine variability in the antiviral activity between different molluscs. Biological Reviews 85: 757-775 individuals of abalone, which does not seem to be Doi:10.111/j.1469-185X.2010.00124x influenced by diet but is impacted by elevated tem- Dang, V.T., Benkendorff, K. and Speck, P.G. 2011. perature. Hopefully this may lead to the identification In vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex of some relatively disease resistant for future breeding virus in abalone Haliotis laevigata J Gen Virol in and restocking projects. press doi: 10.1099/vir.0.025247-0 I have recently moved to Southern Cross Univer- Westley, C.B., McIver, C.M., Abbott, C.A., Le Leu, sity and hope to establish a productive research pro- R.K. and Benkendorff, K., 2010. Enhanced acute gram here looking at the impacts of climate change apoptotic response to azoxymethane-induced and other stressors on molluscan immunity. I am also DNA damage in rodent colonic epithelium by continuing research program into molluscan medi- Tyrian purple precursors: A potential colorectal cines for human application and have recently pub- cancer chemopreventative. Cancer Biology & 1 Society information Victorian Branch President: Rachel Przeslawski Secretary Michael Lyons, 19 Banksia Street, Black- Vice President Kirsten Berkendorff burn, VIC 3130. Phone (03) 9894 1526. (Michael Treasurer Don Colgan [email protected]). Meetings at the Melbourne Secretary Rebecca van Gelderen Camera Club, cnr. Dorcas and Farrars Streets, South Journal editor Winston Ponder Melbourne, on the third Monday of each month. No Newsletter editor Des Beechey meeting in January, July or December. Council members Andy Dunstan Queensland Branch Rosemary Golding Meetings are held at 7:30 pm on the last Tuesday of Candace McBride each month except December at the TLC Building, Chris Talbot 20 Peel Street, South Brisbane,. Correspondence: All enquiries and orders should be sent to Mala- Malacological Society of Australasia, Queensland cological Society of Australasia, c/o Dr. Don Col- Branch, PO Box 15064, City East, QLD 4002. gan, Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, NSW Phone (07) 3224 2923 (W); (07) 3848 9270 (H) or 2010. email [email protected] The Society‟s Newsletter and the journal Molluscan NSW Branch Research, both published three times a year, are sent NSW Branch meetings are held at 2 pm on the to all members. fourth Saturday of each month at the Ryde- Membership fees 2011 Eastwood Leagues Club, 117 Ryedale Rd, West Includes Molluscan Research and MSA Newsletter Ryde, Sydney. Contact Steve Dean, email Ordinary members (Aust., Asia, W.Pacific) $A70 [email protected] Ordinary members (Rest of the world) $A100 Newsletter Extra family member $A5 Affiliate organization $A100 Editor: Des Beechey, Malacology Department, Aus- Student member $A45 tralian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, NSW 2010. Phone (02) 9320 6052, email Membership payments are preferred via the website, [email protected] but paper transactions can be sent to Malacological Society of Australasia, c/o Dr. Don Colgan, Austra- This publication is not deemed to be valid for taxo- lian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, NSW 2010. nomic purposes (See article 8b in International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 3rd Edition (1985). Web Site www.malsocaus.org Society News Annual general meeting tem. All MSA members are strongly encouraged At the Annual General Meeting on 2 December to register at http://subscription.malsocaus.org 2010 all the office bearers from the previous year where they can pay renewals online, receive automatic renewal notices and update their con- were re-elected, with the exception of Nicholas tact details. Payne who stepped down to focus on completion of his Ph.D. Thus one position is open for another Work is underway to allow electronic access to member to join the Council. Molluscan Research to current MSA members. The newsletter was revamped with an increased Presidents report focus on current events. In addition, a guest edi- Rachel Przeslawski, MSA President tor now manages each issue, with Des Beechey Over the past year this council has strove to improve continuing to oversee production. All recent and update administrative and technological aspects newsletters are now freely available to download of the MSA: through the website. Further programming was undertaken on the We have updated the list of Directors with the website to improve the online membership sys- Australian Securities and Investments Commis- 2 Society News (Cont.) sion so that it includes current executive officers scientific program please email coun- of the council, rather than founding members [email protected] or Denis McCann mon- and previous council members. [email protected] We held a logo competition which not only in- Mollusc Research Grants creased the profile of the MSA but also allowed us to obtain a high-quality logo which further Mollusc Research Grants are open again for applica- increases the professionalism and consistency of tions – deadline 1st June 2011. Preference will be our organisation. given to students or early career researchers in need An effort was made to obtain membership lists of funding for any project which increases our for all branches in order to meet the require- knowledge of Australasian molluscs. Refer to the ments of the MSA Constitution and offer re- website for more information http:// bates. We received this from the Victorian www.malsocaus.org/research_support.htm branch and they were given the associated rebate New Society Members for all active MSA members in the branch. We received 20 applications for the annual mol- Ten new members were accepted into the MSA at luscan research grants, and the quality was ex- the annual general meeting in December 2010 tremely high this year. The MSA awarded $750 Mrs Zoe Squires, Victoria each to four research grant recipients. Mrs Sophie Teede, Western Australia Mr Chris and Mrs Karen Barnes, NSW MOLLUSCS 2012 Mr Peter Bray, Queensland The next Meeting of the Australasian Malacological Dr Matthew Kosnik, Macquarie University Society will be held in Victoria in late November- Dr Stephen Smith, National Marine Science Centre early December 2012. The council is already working Dr Robert V Dees, California, USA hard at planning the event, with significant contribu- Mrs Nina and Mr John Lynas, Queensland tions from Denis McCann.. If you are interesting in Newsletter Guest Editor joining the committee or volunteering to help with this meeting or have any ideas for symposia in the The next Guest Editor of the Newsletter will be Re- becca van Gelderen. Copy is due to Rebecca by 30 Upcoming Events AMS MEETING 2011 The 4th International Oyster Symposium IOS4 Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 23-28 July 2011 Hobart, Tasmania, 18 September 2011 The 2011 annual meeting of the American Mala- “Embracing the Future through Innovation" is the cological Society will be held in Pittsburgh, PA. Pitts- theme of the IOS4 organized jointly by the World burgh is home to the Carnegie Museum of Natural Oyster Society, Oysters Tasmania and NSW Industry History (and its world class collection of freshwater and Investment. Conference themes include: Innova- and terrestrial mollusks) as well as Duquesne Univer- tion in supply; Innovation in a changing environment sity, sitting on a bluff overlooking the Monongahela (Managing risks); Innovation in promotion, handling River and the downtown area. The meeting will be and marketing held at Duquesne University. There will be housing For further details refer to available in the student dorms and there is a nearby World Oyster Society website www.worldoyster.org/ hotel for those desiring more plush accommodations. index_e.html or Oysters Tasmania There will be sessions on gastropod behaviour, www.oysterstasmania.org life history strategies, ecology, and molluscan conser- 8th International Abalone Symposium vation. Other sessions are being planned. We also Hobart, Tasmania expect to host a late afternoon roundtable discussion on conservation issues. In addition to planned ses- 6-11 May 2012.
Recommended publications
  • Hatching Plasticity in the Tropical Gastropod Nerita Scabricosta
    Invertebrate Biology x(x): 1–10. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. DOI: 10.1111/ivb.12119 Hatching plasticity in the tropical gastropod Nerita scabricosta Rachel Collin,a Karah Erin Roof, and Abby Spangler Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 0843-03092 Balboa, Panama Abstract. Hatching plasticity has been documented in diverse terrestrial and freshwater taxa, but in few marine invertebrates. Anecdotal observations over the last 80 years have suggested that intertidal neritid snails may produce encapsulated embryos able to signifi- cantly delay hatching. The cause for delays and the cues that trigger hatching are unknown, but temperature, salinity, and wave action have been suggested to play a role. We followed individual egg capsules of Nerita scabricosta in 16 tide pools to document the variation in natural time to hatching and to determine if large delays in hatching occur in the field. Hatching occurred after about 30 d and varied significantly among tide pools in the field. Average time to hatching in each pool was not correlated with presence of potential preda- tors, temperature, salinity, or pool size. We also compared hatching time between egg cap- sules in the field to those kept in the laboratory at a constant temperature in motionless water, and to those kept in the laboratory with sudden daily water motion and temperature changes. There was no significant difference in the hatching rate between the two laboratory treatments, but capsules took, on average, twice as long to hatch in the laboratory as in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • E Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary
    !e Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary Jessica Reeves & John Buckeridge Published by: Greypath Productions Marine Care Ricketts Point PO Box 7356, Beaumaris 3193 Copyright © 2012 Marine Care Ricketts Point !is work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission of the publisher. Photographs remain copyright of the individual photographers listed. ISBN 978-0-9804483-5-1 Designed and typeset by Anthony Bright Edited by Alison Vaughan Printed by Hawker Brownlow Education Cheltenham, Victoria Cover photo: Rocky reef habitat at Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary, David Reinhard Contents Introduction v Visiting the Sanctuary vii How to use this book viii Warning viii Habitat ix Depth x Distribution x Abundance xi Reference xi A note on nomenclature xii Acknowledgements xii Species descriptions 1 Algal key 116 Marine invertebrate key 116 Glossary 118 Further reading 120 Index 122 iii Figure 1: Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary. !e intertidal zone rocky shore platform dominated by the brown alga Hormosira banksii. Photograph: John Buckeridge. iv Introduction Most Australians live near the sea – it is part of our national psyche. We exercise in it, explore it, relax by it, "sh in it – some even paint it – but most of us simply enjoy its changing modes and its fascinating beauty. Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary comprises 115 hectares of protected marine environment, located o# Beaumaris in Melbourne’s southeast ("gs 1–2). !e sanctuary includes the coastal waters from Table Rock Point to Quiet Corner, from the high tide mark to approximately 400 metres o#shore.
    [Show full text]
  • MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY of the NERITIDAE (GASTROPODA: NERITIMORPHA) BASED on the MITOCHONDRIAL GENES CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I (COI) and 16S Rrna
    ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA Artículo de investigación MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE NERITIDAE (GASTROPODA: NERITIMORPHA) BASED ON THE MITOCHONDRIAL GENES CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I (COI) AND 16S rRNA Filogenia molecular de la familia Neritidae (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha) con base en los genes mitocondriales citocromo oxidasa I (COI) y 16S rRNA JULIAN QUINTERO-GALVIS 1, Biólogo; LYDA RAQUEL CASTRO 1,2 , Ph. D. 1 Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Sistemática y Ecología Molecular. INTROPIC. Universidad del Magdalena. Carrera 32# 22 - 08. Santa Marta, Colombia. [email protected]. 2 Programa Biología. Universidad del Magdalena. Laboratorio 2. Carrera 32 # 22 - 08. Sector San Pedro Alejandrino. Santa Marta, Colombia. Tel.: (57 5) 430 12 92, ext. 273. [email protected]. Corresponding author: [email protected]. Presentado el 15 de abril de 2013, aceptado el 18 de junio de 2013, correcciones el 26 de junio de 2013. ABSTRACT The family Neritidae has representatives in tropical and subtropical regions that occur in a variety of environments, and its known fossil record dates back to the late Cretaceous. However there have been few studies of molecular phylogeny in this family. We performed a phylogenetic reconstruction of the family Neritidae using the COI (722 bp) and the 16S rRNA (559 bp) regions of the mitochondrial genome. Neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference were performed. The best phylogenetic reconstruction was obtained using the COI region, and we consider it an appropriate marker for phylogenetic studies within the group. Consensus analysis (COI +16S rRNA) generally obtained the same tree topologies and confirmed that the genus Nerita is monophyletic. The consensus analysis using parsimony recovered a monophyletic group consisting of the genera Neritina , Septaria , Theodoxus , Puperita , and Clithon , while in the Bayesian analyses Theodoxus is separated from the other genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Sediment Disturbance Associated with Trampling by Humans Alters Species Assemblages on a Rocky Intertidal Seashore
    Vol. 472: 129–140, 2013 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published January 9 doi: 10.3354/meps10120 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Sediment disturbance associated with trampling by humans alters species assemblages on a rocky intertidal seashore Todd E. Minchinton1,*, Katie J. Fels2,3 1Institute for Conservation Biology and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia 2School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia 3Present address: Sinclair Knight Merz, 33 King William Street, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia ABSTRACT: Our observations reveal that species living on rocky intertidal reefs can be positively and negatively associated with increasing sediment load. We therefore tested the hypothesis that sediment disturbance, including increased sediment loads associated with trampling by humans, alters the abundance of macroinvertebrates on a sheltered rocky intertidal platform in southern Australia. First we trampled the reef in shallow water at several disturbance intensities, simulating different numbers of people walking on the platform on a rising tide, and determined that sedi- ment load was directly related to trampling intensity. Trampling displaced sediment, and up to an order of magnitude more sediment accumulated on the reef near intensively trampled areas com- pared to those with natural sedimentation. We then manipulated sediment load on the reef to mimic increased sedimentation due to trampling and other potential human (e.g. terrestrial run- off) and natural (e.g. storms) disturbances, and monitored changes to dominant species. Sediment addition increased the cover and depth of sediment on the reef. Increased sediment load nega- tively impacted barnacles, but not mussels, which occur naturally bound in a sediment matrix in small depressions on the platform.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermally Mediated Body Temperature, Water Content and Aggregation Behaviour in the Intertidal Gastropod Nerita Atramentosa
    Ecol Res DOI 10.1007/s11284-013-1030-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Coraline Chapperon • Ce´dric Le Bris • Laurent Seuront Thermally mediated body temperature, water content and aggregation behaviour in the intertidal gastropod Nerita atramentosa Received: 29 March 2012 / Accepted: 20 January 2013 Ó The Ecological Society of Japan 2013 Abstract Intertidal organisms are vulnerable to global reinforces the evidence that mobile intertidal ectotherms warming as they already live at, or near to, the upper could survive locally under warmer conditions if they limit of their thermal tolerance window. The behaviour can locate and move behaviourally in local thermal of ectotherms could, however, dampen their limited refuges. N. atramentosa behaviour, water content and physiological abilities to respond to climate change (e.g. body temperature during emersion seem to be related to drier and warmer environmental conditions) which the thermal stability and local conditions of the habitat could substantially increase their survival rates. The occupied. Aggregation behaviour reduces both desicca- behaviour of ectotherms is still mostly overlooked in tion and heat stresses but only on the boulder field. climate change studies. Here, we investigate the poten- Further investigations are required to identify the dif- tial of aggregation behaviour to compensate for climate ferent behavioural strategies used by ectothermic species change in an intertidal gastropod species (Nerita atra- to adapt to heat and dehydrating conditions at the mentosa) in South Australia. We used thermal imaging habitat level. Ultimately, this information constitutes a to investigate (1) the heterogeneity in individual snail fundamental prerequisite to implement conservation water content and body temperature and surrounding management plans for ectothermic species identified as substratum temperature on two topographically differ- vulnerable in the warming climate.
    [Show full text]
  • Molluscs and Echinoderms from the Emily Bay Settlement Site, Norfolk Island
    © Copyright Australian Museum, 2001 Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 27 (2001): 109–114. ISBN 0 7347 2305 9 Molluscs and Echinoderms from the Emily Bay Settlement Site, Norfolk Island COLIN R. CAMPBELL1 AND LYN SCHMIDT2 1 BC Environmental Network, 1260 Oxford Street, Victoria BC V8V 2V5, Canada [email protected] 2 Department of Archaeology & Natural History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT. The Emily Bay archaeological molluscan fauna as an ensemble is almost entirely intertidal in its natural occurrence, with seven species preferring sand or mud substrates and 13 species preferring hard substrates. The only exceptions are the pelagic cephalopods Nautilus and Spirula. The gastropod species Nerita atramentosa is dominant in both numbers and by weight. The rocky intertidal platform was the focus of mollusc collecting. The four most common species derive from this zone and habitually cluster in colonies, which would have made them a preferred prey. Among the many factors that may have contributed to eventual abandonment of Norfolk Island, a scarcity of easily harvestable coastal marine resources would probably have been significant. CAMPBELL, COLIN R., AND LYN SCHMIDT, 2001. Molluscs and echinoderms from the Emily Bay settlement site, Norfolk Island. In The Prehistoric Archaeology of Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, ed. Atholl Anderson and Peter White, pp. 109–114. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 27. Sydney: Australian Museum. It is assumed that those food resources on Norfolk Island restricted largely to the Kingston lagoon and only rocky that could be collected by people immediately on arrival shores are extensive.
    [Show full text]
  • Keeping Warm in the Cold on the Thermal Benefits of Aggregation
    Journal of Thermal Biology 37 (2012) 640–647 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Thermal Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jtherbio Keeping warm in the cold: On the thermal benefits of aggregation behaviour in an intertidal ectotherm Coraline Chapperon a,n, Laurent Seuront a,b,c a School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia b South Australian Research and Development Institute, Aquatic Sciences, West Beach, SA 5022, Australia c Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d’Oce´anologie et de Ge´osciences, UMR LOG 8187, Universite´ des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Station Marine, Wimereux, France article info abstract Article history: Temperature is a primary determinant for species geographic ranges. In the context of global warming, Received 28 March 2012 most attention focuses upon the potential effects of heat stress on the future distribution of Accepted 6 August 2012 ectothermic species. Much less attention has, however, been given to cold thermal stress although it Available online 23 August 2012 also sets species thermal window limits, hence distribution ranges. This study was conducted in winter Keywords: on a South-Australian rocky shore in order to investigate the potential thermal benefits of the Thermoregulatory behavior aggregation behavior observed in the dominant gastropod Nerita atramentosa. Thermal imaging was Aggregation used to measure the body temperatures of 3681 aggregated individuals and 226 solitary individuals, Ectotherm and surrounding substratum temperature. N. atramentosa aggregates and solitary individuals were Intertidal significantly warmer than their surrounding substratum. The temperature deviation between aggre- Cold adaptation gates and substratum was, however, ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for the Marine Black Nerite Nerita Atramentosa: Tools for Assessment and Design of Marine Protected Areas
    Conservation Genet Resour DOI 10.1007/s12686-012-9608-7 TECHNICAL NOTE Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for the marine black nerite Nerita atramentosa: tools for assessment and design of marine protected areas Jonathan Sandoval-Castillo • Michael G. Gardner • Luciano B. Beheregaray Received: 15 January 2012 / Accepted: 8 February 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract Black nerite snails are ecologically important et al. 2010). For an optimal design of MPAs, it is relevant herbivores of the intertidal zone of Australia’s temperate to identify patterns on population connectivity between the marine coast. A set of 13 microsatellites was developed for reserve and adjacent areas. Molecular approaches provide the black nerite Nerita atramentosa using 1/8 of a shot-gun efficient ways to estimate genetic connectivity but often pyrosequencing reaction. From 46,971 sequences contain- require the use of hypervariable co-dominant markers, such ing putative microsatellite motifs, 18 were selected for as microsatellites (Saenz-Agudelo et al. 2009). Hence, the primer design. Thirteen microsatellite loci were success- development and analysis of microsatellite markers in fully genotyped using three multiplex reactions in 45 widespread marine species would provide and important specimens of black nerite from two localities. The number tool for assessing connectivity and informing the design of alleles per locus varied from four to 23 (mean = 12.4) and assessment of a system of MPAs. and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.40 to 0.96 Australian black nerites (genus Nerita) are one of the (mean = 0.72). Only one locus showed significant devia- dominant herbivores in the intertidal zone of the Australian tion from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium probably due to temperate coast (Spencer et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Molluscs 2015 Program and Abstract Handbook
    Conference Program and Abstracts molluscs 2015 Frontiers in Molluscan Research 29 November – 2 December 2015 www.malsocaus.org © Malacological Society of Australia 2015 Abstracts may be reproduced provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given and the reference cited. Requests for this book should be made to: Malacological Society of Australia information at: http://www.malsocaus.org/contactus.htm Program and Abstracts for the 2015 meeting of the Malacological Society of Australasia (29 November to 2 December 2015, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales) Conference program: Kirsten Benkendorff Cover Photos: 1) Dicathais orbita egg mass = Kirsten Benkendorff 2) Thermal image of Nerita atramentosa = Kirsten Benkendorff 3) Molecular docking of murexine = David Rudd 4) Nudibranch = Steve Smith Cover Design and Print: Southern Cross University Compilation, layout and typesetting: Jonathan Parkyn and Julie Burton Publication Date: November 2015 Recommended Retail Price: $22.00 Malacological Society of Australasia, Triennial Conference Table of Contents Floor Plan of Novotel Pacific Bay Venue ……………………………………………………………….. 3 About the National Marine Science Centre …………………………………………………………… 3 General Information ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Conference Organising Committee ……………………………………………………………………….. 6 Our Sponsors ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 MSA AGM and Elections ………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 MSA Committees ………………………………………………………….………………………………………. 8 Malacological Society President’s Welcome ………………………………………………………….. 9 Our
    [Show full text]
  • DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY and GENETIC DIVERSITY of SELECTED NERITIDAE in MALAYSIA with an EMPHASIS on Nerita Balteata by CHEE SU YI
    DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SELECTED NERITIDAE IN MALAYSIA WITH AN EMPHASIS ON Nerita balteata by CHEE SU YIN Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I thank God for His blessings in my life and for enabling me to work on my dissertation project and hereby, complete my PhD. studies. I express my gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Siti Azizah Mohd. Nor and co- supervisor, Associate Professor Dr. Yasunori Kano for their guidance, supervision, and help throughout this project. I am also indebted to Professor Geoffrey Chambers for his invaluable help and advice. Special thanks to Dr. Khairun Yahya who helped me obtain the ASTS scholarship and made all this possible and to Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia and Universiti Sains Malaysia for the SLAB/SLAI and RLKA sponsorships and grants. I extend my thanks also to the staff members of the School of Biological Sciences and Center for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, for their facilitation during the three years of my studies. Special thanks also to the Atmospheric and Oceanic Research Institute, University of Tokyo, for their facilitation during my three month attachment in Japan. Many thanks also to all my friends and laboratory members in USM and UT for their assistance, support, and friendship. My appreciation goes out to my parents and family who have always been there for me, for their love and patience. Last but not least, I am especially grateful for my husband who has always been my pillar of strength.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Three Snail Species Attach While Emersed in Relation to Heterogenous Substrate Temperatures Underneath Intertidal Boulders
    Where three snail species attach while emersed in relation to heterogenous substrate temperatures underneath intertidal boulders Nathan Janetzki1, Kirsten Benkendorff2 and Peter G. Fairweather1 1 College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia 2 National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia ABSTRACT Mobile intertidal gastropods can employ behavioural thermoregulation to mitigate thermal stress, which may include retreating under boulders when emersed. However, little is known about how gastropod occupancy of under-boulder habitats is associated with any variations in substrate temperature that exist under boulders. Thermal imagery was used to measure the temperature of boulder lower surfaces and investigate how three snail species were associated at low tide with the maximum and average temperatures underneath grey siltstone and quartzite. Lower boulder surfaces had heterogeneous temperatures, with grey siltstone having temperature gradients and quartzite temperature showing mosaics. Temperature differences between the hottest and coolest gradient or mosaic locations were >5 C; thus there was a range of temperatures that snails could interact with. All three snail species occupied cooler parts of temperature mosaics or gradients, avoiding the hottest areas. Stronger associations were detected on the hotter grey siltstone and for the more-thermally sensitive Nerita atramentosa and Diloma concameratum. Even though snails were associated with cooler areas, some individuals were still exposed to extreme substratum heat (>50 C). These results suggest that gastropod Submitted 9 April 2021 thermoregulatory behaviour is far more complex than simply retreating underneath Accepted 4 June 2021 boulders at low tide, as there is also a range of under-boulder temperatures that 9 July 2021 Published they interact with.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Drivers of Biodiversity on the Rocky Coast
    Understanding the drivers of biodiversity on the rocky coast Nina Schaefer A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Evolution and Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science Faculty of Science University of New South Wales October 2018 Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname/Family Name : Schaefer Given Name/s : Nina Abbreviation for degree as give in the : PhD University calendar Faculty : Science School : Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Thesis Title : Understanding the drivers of biodiversity on the rocky coast Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) Urbanisation and climate change are pervasive stressors to natural ecosystems and have been linked to decreased biodiversity and ecological function. At the coastal fringe, intertidal rocky shores are threatened by urbanisation along shorelines and sea level rise, with the result that complex intertidal habitats are becoming rare and often replaced with simpler concrete structures. Communities that remain also experience altered light climates due to shading by engineered structures. To effectively manage and conserve urban intertidal ecosystems, we require a greater understanding of the drivers of diversity at micro- to macro scales. I begin by investigating the drivers of biodiversity on the small scale, where I was able to identify relationships between rock pool physical characteristics and associated biota around Sydney Harbour. Maximum width and depth, volume and height on shore were important drivers of biodiversity, but effects varied among organisms (i.e. sessile vs. mobile taxa) and between inner and outer locations of the lower estuary. I also found that the structure within rock pools can influence species abundances.
    [Show full text]