DOCSLIB.ORG

Adaptive Fisheries Management in Response to Climate Change

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Adaptive Fisheries Management in Response to Climate Change FAO ISSN 2070-7010 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL PAPER 667 Adaptive management of fisheries in response to climate change Cover illustration: Pietro Bartoleschi FAO FISHERIES AND Adaptive management AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL of fisheries in response PAPER to climate change 667 Edited by Tarûb Bahri Fishery resources officer FAO Fisheries Division Rome, Italy Marcelo Vasconcellos Fishery resources officer FAO Fisheries Division Rome, Italy David Welch Senior scientist C2O Fisheries Cairns, Australia Johanna Johnson Senior scientist C2O coasts, climate, oceans Cairns, Australia R. Ian Perry Research scientist (emeritus) Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada Nanaimo, B.C., Canada Xuechan Ma Climate change specialist FAO Fisheries Division Rome, Italy and Rishi Sharma Senior fisheries resources officer FAO Fisheries Division Rome, Italy FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2021 Required citation: Bahri, T., Vasconcellos, M., Welch, D.J., Johnson, J., Perry, R.I., Ma, X. & Sharma, R., eds. 2021. Adaptive management of fisheries in response to climate change. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 667. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb3095en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISSN 2070-7010 [Print] ISSN 2664-5408 [Online] ISBN 978-92-5-133890-2 © FAO, 2021, Last updated 07/04/2021 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/ legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo. int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/ publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. iii Preparation of this document The preparation of this document was initiated in response to a request from the government of Canada at the 33rd session of the FAO Committee for Fisheries (COFI) to host an expert workshop on fisheries management in the context of climate change. The Technical Paper is aimed primarily at policymakers, fisheries managers and practitioners, with a view to provide preliminary guidance on responses to climate change impacts. A joint task team between FAO (Tarûb Bahri, Xuechan Ma, Marcelo Vasconcellos) and Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO Canada) (Max Kaplan) designed the draft contents of the Technical Paper and took responsibility for selecting and commissioning case studies. David Welch and Johanna Johnson (C2O Fisheries, Vanuatu) joined the task team and provided assistance for the organization and facilitation of an expert workshop that took place in Rome, Italy on 12–14 November 2019, bringing together 26 participants and chaired by Ian Perry (DFO Canada). The objectives of the workshop were to present the selected case studies of fisheries management adaptation, discuss guidance on effective fisheries management responses to climate change based on the lessons learned from the examples presented, and design the draft content of the Technical Paper. The case studies were commissioned from experts from all over the world who submitted their first drafts prior to the workshop and updated them based on the workshop outcomes. Chapters 2 and 3 were prepared based on the inputs provided by the participants in the workshop (see the list of participants in the Appendix). They were drafted by David Welch and Johanna Johnson, and finalized by Ian Perry with contributions from Tarûb Bahri, Xuechan Ma, Marcelo Vasconcellos and Rishi Sharma. All case studies (Chapters 4 to 16) were reviewed by the editors. Chapters 2 and 3 were reviewed by Manuel Barange, Johann Bell, Kevern Cochrane, Diana Fernandez Reguera, Ernesto Peñas Lado and Raymon Van Anrooy. Copy-editing, formatting and layout were provided by Evan Jeffries and Cath Perry (Swim2Birds Ltd., UK). The cover was designed by Pietro Bartoleschi. iv Abstract This report aims to improve understanding of how flexibility can be introduced into the fisheries management cycle in order to foster adaptation to climate change. This work contributes to the overall scope of improving the resilience of fisheries, reducing their vulnerability to climate change, and enabling managers to respond in a timely manner to the projected changes in the dynamics of marine resources and ecosystems. The findings build on the conclusions of previous FAO publications that highlighted the lack of evaluations of adaptation success. Thirteen case studies from different locations across the globe are analysed: Myanmar, the Northeast Atlantic, South Africa, Uruguay, south-eastern Australia, Belize, the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, the Philippines, the Mediterranean, Canada (east and west coasts) and Peru. They provide details on the challenges presented by climate-driven impacts to fisheries with a widely varied range of socio-ecological contexts, governance systems, data availability (data-poor to data-rich), geographical locations and scales, fishery types and species, and adaptation responses. Understanding the general impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems and fisheries is a first step towards developing climate-adaptive fisheries management measures. Indeed, understanding the potential impacts on any specific system provides the background information necessary for selecting adaptation measures for that system. Based on the case studies presented, the most common impacts of climate change are shifts in species distributions, changes to productivity, and changes to species composition. A ‘good practice’ chapter pulls out the lessons learned from the case studies on how to adaptively manage fisheries in the face of climate change; it highlights the importance of adaptive and participatory management along with foundational principles of fisheries management. An effective fisheries management system is the first foundation of climate-resilient fisheries. The second foundation is stakeholder participation, whether it entails one-way flows of information (passive participation) or self-mobilization of stakeholders with independent community control of management. The third foundation relates to uncertainty and risk; a set of precautionary actions that can be taken in the planning and implementation phases of the fisheries management cycle are identified to assist decision-makers in addressing uncertainty and risk arising from climate impacts. Finally, the fourth foundation of climate-resilient fisheries is adaptive management: this recognizes the impossibility of determining the perfect management strategy and calls for management strategy evaluation, with periodic monitoring of status indicators and revision of management measures. Criteria are included to assist with selecting good practice adaptation measures, to ensure they meet minimum standards. There are three mandatory good practice criteria and two additional criteria that are considered beneficial. The mandatory criteria are: (i) the adaptation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Oeconomics of the Philippine Small Pelagics Fishery
    l1~~iJlLll.I.~lJ~ - r--I ~ ~~.mr'l ~ SH I 207 TR4 . #38c~.1 .I @)~~[fi]C!ffi]m @U00r@~O~~[ro)~[fi@ \ . §[fi]~~~~~~ ~~ II "'-' IDi III ~~- ~@1~ ~(;1~ ~\YL~ (b~ oeconomics of the Philippine Small Pelagics Fishery Annabelle C. ad Robert S. Pomeroy Perlita V. Corpuz Max Agiiero INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANILA, PHILIPPINES 407 Biqeconomics of the Philippine Small Pelagics Fishery 7?kq #38 @-,,/ JAW 3 1 1996 Printed in Manila, Philippines Published by the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, MCPO Box 2631, 0718 Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines Citation: Trinidad, A.C., R.S. Pomeroy, P.V. Corpuz and M. Aguero. 1993. Bioeconomics of the Philippine small pelagics fishery. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 38, 74 p. ISSN 01 15-5547 ISBN 971-8709-38-X Cover: Municipal ringnet in operation. Artwork by O.F. Espiritu, Jr. ICLARM Contribution No. 954 CONTENTS Foreword ................................................................................................................................v Abstract ..............................................................................................................................vi Chapter 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................1 Chapter 2 . Description of the Study Methods ................................................................4 Data Collection ....................................................................................................................4 Description
    [Show full text]
  • Provincial Government of Albay and the Center for Initiatives And
    Strengthening Climate Resilience Provincial Government of Albay and the SCR Center for Initiatives and Research on Climate Adaptation Case Study Summary PHILIPPINES Which of the three pillars does this project or policy intervention best illustrate? Tackling Exposure to Changing Hazards and Disaster Impacts Enhancing Adaptive Capacity Addressing Poverty, Vulnerabil- ity and their Causes In 2008, the Province of Albay in the Philippines was declared a "Global Local Government Unit (LGU) model for Climate Change Adapta- tion" by the UN-ISDR and the World Bank. The province has boldly initiated many innovative approaches to tackling disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) in Albay and continues to integrate CCA into its current DRM structure. Albay maintains its position as the first mover in terms of climate smart DRR by imple- menting good practices to ensure zero casualty during calamities, which is why the province is now being recognized throughout the world as a local govern- ment exemplar in Climate Change Adap- tation. It has pioneered in mainstreaming “Think Global Warming. Act Local Adaptation.” CCA in the education sector by devel- oping a curriculum to teach CCA from -- Provincial Government of Albay the primary level up which will be imple- Through the leadership of Gov. Joey S. Salceda, Albay province has become the first province to mented in schools beginning the 2010 proclaim climate change adaptation as a governing policy, and the Provincial Government of Albay schoolyear. Countless information, edu- cation and communication activities have (PGA) was unanimously proclaimed as the first and pioneering prototype for local Climate Change been organized to create climate change Adaptation.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Identifications and Morphometric Measurements of Genus Tenualosa Spp Fowler, 1934 (Family Clupeidae) in Mon Coastal Areas, Myanmar
    Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology Research Article Open Access Morphological identifications and morphometric measurements of genus Tenualosa spp fowler, 1934 (Family Clupeidae) in Mon coastal areas, Myanmar Abstract Volume 8 Issue 1 - 2019 Morphometric measurements and identifying morphological characteristics of genus Khin Myo Myo Tint,1 Zarni Ko Ko,2 Naung Tenualosa spp (Family Clupeidae) along Mon Coastal Areas were accomplished during the 2 studied period June–Nov 2018. During the study period, it was designated as ten sampling Naung Oo 1Demonstrator, Department of Marine Science, Mawlamyine sites along Mon Coastal Areas for sample collection. The dissimilarities of morphological University, Myanmar characters between Tenualosa spp (Family Clupeidae) found along Mon Coastal Areas were 2Assistant Lecturer, Department of Marine Science, Mawlamyine consecutively revealed to particular column in a tabular form. Furthermore, morphometric University, Myanmar measurements between the two species of Tenualosa spp; Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) and Tenualosa toli (Valencinnes, 1847) were determined on the specimens to ascertain the Correspondence: Khin Myo Myo Tint, Demonstrator, possibility of morphological diversification. Department of Marine Science, Mawlamyine University, Myanmar, Email Keywords: morphological characteristics, morphometric measurements, Mon coastal areas, Tenualosa spp Received: February 11, 2019 | Published: February 22, 2019 Introduction containing small boast fishing and offshore fisheries of the whole country Myanmar. (DoF data 2012-2013) Furthermore, the capture Tenualosa (tenus=thin, alausa=a fish) is a genus of fish in the for herring fish that rely on man power using motorized vessels Clupeidae family and its subfamily Alosinae (the shads). There are (Myaw Pike Hlay) which was introduced in Ayeyawady deltaic areas three Hilsa species found in the Bay of Bengal, Tenualosa ilisha and for herring fish capture had been operated by 6 vessels in the study T.
    [Show full text]
  • Micmac Migration to Western Newfoundland
    MICMAC MIGRATION TO WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND DENNIS A. BARTELS Department of Anthropology Sir Wilfred Grenfell College Memorial University of Newfoundland Corner Brook, Newfoundland Canada, and OLAF UWE JANZEN Department of History Sir Wilfred Grenfell College Memorial University of Newfoundland Corner Brook, Newfoundland Canada, ABSTRACT / RESUME The Micmac of Cape Breton are known to have had a long history of seasonal contact with Newfoundland. It is generally accepted that they resided there permanently by the early 19th century. The authors review the available evidence and conclude that the permanent occupation of Newfoundland by the Micmac began in the 1760s. On sait que les Micmac de cap-Breton ont eu une longue histoire du contact saisonnier avec la Terre-Neuve. Il est généralement admis qu'ils y habitèrent en permanence au début du XIXe siècle. Les auteurs examinent l'évidence disponible et concluent que l'occupation permanente de la Terre-Neuve par les Micmac a commencé dans les années 1760. 72 Dennis A. Bartel/Olaf Uwe Janzen INTRODUCTION It is generally conceded that the Micmac of Cape Breton Island were a maritime-adapted people with sufficient seafaring skills to extend their territorial range as far into the Gulf of St. Lawrence as the Magdalen Islands and as far east as St. Pierre and Miquelon.1 By the eighteenth century, the Micmac were able to maintain a persistent presence in southern and southwestern Newfoundland. Some scholars have concluded from this that southwestern Newfoundland could have been a regular part of the territorial range of the Cape Breton Micmac since prehistoric times.2 In the absence of archaeological evidence to support such a conclusion, others, such as Marshall (1988) and Upton (1979:64) are unwilling to concede more than a seasonal exploitation of Newfoundland.
    [Show full text]
  • High Levels of Genetic Variability and Differentiation In
    Genetics and Molecular Biology Online Ahead of Print Copyright © 2009, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br High levels of genetic variability and differentiation in hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Clupeidae, Clupeiformes) populations revealed by PCR-RFLP analysis of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region Sabuj Kanti Mazumder and Md. Samsul Alam Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Abstract The hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Clupeidae, Clupeiformes) is an important anadromous clupeid species from the Western division of the Indo-Pacific region. It constitutes the largest single fishable species in Bangladesh. Informa- tion on genetic variability and population structure is very important for both management and conservation pur- poses. Past reports on the population structure of T. ilisha involving morphometric, allozyme and RAPD analyses are contradictory. We examined genetic variability and divergence in two riverine (the Jamuna and the Meghna), two estuarine (Kuakata and Sundarbans) and one marine (Cox’s Bazar) populations of T. ilisha by applying PCR-RFLP analysis of the mtDNA D-loop region. The amplified PCR products were restricted with four restriction enzymes namely, XbaI, EcoRI, EcoRV, and HaeIII. High levels of haplotype and gene diversity within and significant differenti- ations among, populations of T. ilisha were observed in this study. Significant FST values indicated differentiation among the river, estuary and marine populations. The UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance resulted in two major clusters, although, these were subsequently divided into three, corresponding to the riverine, estuarine and marine populations. The study underlines the usefulness of RFLP of mtDNA D-loop region as molecular mark- ers, and detected at least two differentiated populations of T.
    [Show full text]
  • NPOA Sharks Booklet.Indd
    National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks) November 2013 South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012 Tel: 021 402 3911 Fax: +27 21 402 3364 www.daff.gov.za Design and Layout: FNP Communications and Gerald van Tonder Photographs courtesy of: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Craig Smith, Charlene da Silva, Rob Tarr Foreword South Africa’s Exclusive Economic Zone is endowed with a rich variety of marine living South Africa is signatory to the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries – voluntarily agreed to by members of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) – and, as such, is committed to the development and implementation of National Plans of Action (NPOAs) as adopted by the twenty-third session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries in February 1999 and endorsed by the FAO Council in June 1999. Seabirds – aimed at reducing incidental catch and promoting the conservation of seabirds Fisheries and now regularly conducts Ecological Risk Assessments for all the commercial practices. Acknowledging the importance of maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem and the possibility of major detrimental effects due to the disappearance of large predators, South from the list of harvestable species. In accordance with international recommendations, South Africa subsequently banned the landing of a number of susceptible shark species, including oceanic whitetip, silky, thresher and hammerhead sharks. improves monitoring efforts for foreign vessels discharging shark products in its ports. To ensure long-term sustainability of valuable, but biologically limited, shark resources The NPOA-Sharks presented here formalises and streamlines ongoing efforts to improve conservation and management of sharks caught in South African waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Climate Change Bolster the Case for Fishery Reform in Asia? Christopher Costello∗
    Does Climate Change Bolster the Case for Fishery Reform in Asia? Christopher Costello∗ I examine the estimated economic, ecological, and food security effects of future fishery management reform in Asia. Without climate change, most Asian fisheries stand to gain substantially from reforms. Optimizing fishery management could increase catch by 24% and profit by 34% over business- as-usual management. These benefits arise from fishing some stocks more conservatively and others more aggressively. Although climate change is expected to reduce carrying capacity in 55% of Asian fisheries, I find that under climate change large benefits from fishery management reform are maintained, though these benefits are heterogeneous. The case for reform remains strong for both catch and profit, though these numbers are slightly lower than in the no-climate change case. These results suggest that, to maximize economic output and food security, Asian fisheries will benefit substantially from the transition to catch shares or other economically rational fishery management institutions, despite the looming effects of climate change. Keywords: Asia, climate change, fisheries, rights-based management JEL codes: Q22, Q28 I. Introduction Global fisheries have diverged sharply over recent decades. High governance, wealthy economies have largely adopted output controls or various forms of catch shares, which has helped fisheries in these economies overcome inefficiencies arising from overfishing (Worm et al. 2009) and capital stuffing (Homans and Wilen 1997), and allowed them to turn the corner toward sustainability (Costello, Gaines, and Lynham 2008) and profitability (Costello et al. 2016). But the world’s largest fishing region, Asia, has instead largely pursued open access and input controls, achieving less long-run fishery management success (World Bank 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring and Adaptive Management Manual
    Monitoring and Adaptive Management Procedures and Guidelines Manual Version 1.0 Originally released in December 2017 Updated August 2019 Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Suggested Citation: Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Natural Resource Damage Assessment Trustees. 2017. Monitoring and Adaptive Management Procedures and Guidelines Manual Version 1.0. Appendix to the Trustee Council Standard Operating Procedures for Implementation of the Natural Resource Restoration for the DWH Oil Spill. December. Available: http://www.gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov/. This document was copy edited and formatted with assistance from Abt Associates. December 2017 Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 MAM Framework................................................................................................. 1 1.2 MAM Manual Overview ....................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Purpose of the MAM Manual ................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Audience ................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Organization of the MAM Manual ........................................................................ 3 2. Restoration Project MAM ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Winter School on Impact of Climate Change on Indian Marine Fisheries
    CMFRI Winter School on Impact of Climate Change on Indian Marine Fisheries Lecture Notes Part 1 Compiled and Edited by E. Vivekanandan and J. Jayasankar Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) P.B. No. 1603, Cochin - 682 018, Kerala (18.01.2008 - 07.02.2008) Pelagic Fisheries of India PELAGIC FISHERIES OF INDIA N.G.K. Pillai and U.Ganga Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi –18 Introduction The pelagic fishes live most part of their life in the surface or subsurface waters. This group exhibits rich species diversity and abundance in the Indian EEZ. Though 240 species constitute the pelagic fisheries along the Indian coast, it is only about 60 species belonging to 8 groups support major fisheries (Table1). During the last decade, pelagic finfishes contributed to 46-56% (average: 51%) of the total marine fish production, of which almost 70% was fished from within the 50 m depth zone (Table 2). Small pelagics such as the Indian oil sardine, Indian mackerel and Bombay duck contributed 26% of the total marine fish landings (1990-2005). The dependence of a large number of artisanal fishers and the coastal population on the pelagic fisheries underlines the socioeconomic importance of these low value fishes. Besides these, large growing pelagic fishes such as tunas, billfishes, seerfishes and pelagic sharks are high unit value fishes contributing significantly to the export earnings of the country. Unique biological characteristics The pelagics (except pelagic sharks) are characterized by certain unique combination of biological features, which include formation of large schools, feeding on plankton or nekton, fast growth rate and short life span (0.5-4 years).
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological and Socio-Economic Impacts of Dive
    ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DIVE AND SNORKEL TOURISM IN ST. LUCIA, WEST INDIES Nola H. L. Barker Thesis submittedfor the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science Environment Department University of York August 2003 Abstract Coral reefsprovide many servicesand are a valuableresource, particularly for tourism, yet they are suffering significant degradationand pollution worldwide. To managereef tourism effectively a greaterunderstanding is neededof reef ecological processesand the impactsthat tourist activities haveon them. This study explores the impact of divers and snorkelerson the reefs of St. Lucia, West Indies, and how the reef environmentaffects tourists' perceptionsand experiencesof them. Observationsof divers and snorkelersrevealed that their impact on the reefs followed certainpatterns and could be predictedfrom individuals', site and dive characteristics.Camera use, night diving and shorediving were correlatedwith higher levels of diver damage.Briefings by dive leadersalone did not reducetourist contactswith the reef but interventiondid. Interviewswith tourists revealedthat many choseto visit St. Lucia becauseof its marineprotected area. Certain site attributes,especially marine life, affectedtourists' experiencesand overall enjoyment of reefs.Tourists were not alwaysable to correctly ascertainabundance of marine life or sedimentpollution but they were sensitiveto, and disliked seeingdamaged coral, poor underwatervisibility, garbageand other tourists damagingthe reef. Some tourists found sitesto be
    [Show full text]
  • Hol Chan: Demonstrating That Marine Reserves Can Be Remarkably Effective
    Hol Chan: demonstrating that marine reserves can be remarkably effective The Hol Chan Marine Reserve lies oil Ambergris Cay, in Belize. Covering 2.6 km2. the reserve has been protected from all forms of fishing since 1987. Although small, Hol Chan contains a higher biomass of fishes per unit area of reef than we have seen anywhere else in the world. Enormous schools of grunts and snappers, so dense they almost obscure the reef. mingle with huge roving black groupers (Mycterot)era bonaci) and grey snappers (LuOanus griseus). The standing stock of commercially important species reaches 340 g/m: in the centre of the reserve, while at the periphery it averages 77 g/m 2, about double that in adjacent fished areas (Pohmin and Roberts 1993). This compares with values for lightly fished reel's of 27 g/m: for the Caribbean island of Saba. 65 g/m2 for the northern Red Sea (data collected using the same observer and method), and 24 g/m 2 at French Frigate Shoals (Polovina 1984), 49 g/m 2 for Bermuda (Bardach 1959), and 65 g/m 2 for Hawaii (Grigg 1994; data collected using different methods). The reserve also contained seven more species of commercial fishes than areas subject to fishing. The presence of large fishes in the reserve is particularly important to replenishment because of their disproportionately large contribution to egg production. In addition to boosting reproductive output, the reserve may also play an important role in protection of species which are vulnerable to fishing. Re/~,lvmes Bardach Jg (1959) The summer standing crop of fish on a shallow Bermuda reef.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuna Fishing and a Review of Payaos in the Philippines
    Session 1 - Regional syntheses Tuna fishing and a review of payaos in the Philippines Jonathan O. Dickson*1', Augusto C. Nativiclacl(2) (1) Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, 860 Arcadia Bldg., Quezon Avenue, Quezon City 3008, Philippines - [email protected] (2) Frabelle Fishing Company, 1051 North Bay Blvd., Navotas, Metro Manila, Philippines Abstract Payao is a traditional concept, which has been successfully commercialized to increase the landings of several species valuable to the country's export and local industries. It has become one of the most important developments in pelagic fishing that significantly contributed to increased tuna production and expansion of purse seine and other fishing gears. The introduction of the payao in tuna fishing in 1975 triggered the rapid development of the tuna and small pelagic fishery. With limited management schemes and strategies, however, unstable tuna and tuna-like species production was experienced in the 1980s and 1990s. In this paper, the evolution and development of the payao with emphasis on the technological aspect are reviewed. The present practices and techniques of payao in various parts of the country, including its structure, ownership, distribution, and fishing operations are discussed. Monitoring results of purse seine/ringnet operations including handline using payao in Celebes Sea and Western Luzon are presented to compare fishing styles and techniques, payao designs and species caught. The fishing gears in various regions of the country for harvesting payao are enumerated and discussed. The inshore and offshore payaos in terms of sea depth, location, designs, fishing methods and catch composi- tion are also compared. Fishing companies and fisherfolk associations involved in payao operation are presented to determine extent of uti- lization and involvement in the municipal and commercial sectors of the fishing industry.
    [Show full text]