Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

ENH145

Salt Tolerance of Landscape for South Florida 1 Gary W. Knox and Robert J. Black2

Table 1. Salt Tolerance of Trees.

Table 2. Salt Tolerance of Palms.

Table 3. Salt Tolerance of Shrubs.

Table 4. Salt Tolerance of Ground Covers.

Table 5. Salt Tolerance of Vines.

1. This document is ENH-145, one of a series of the Department of Environmental Horticulture, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Date first printed: January 1987; date reviewed: March 2000. Please visit the EDIS Web site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Gary W. Knox, Associate Professor, and Robert J. Black, Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Horticulture, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611.

The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function without regard to race, color, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. For information on obtaining other extension publications, contact your county Cooperative Extension Service office. Florida Cooperative Extension Service/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences/University of Florida/Christine Taylor Waddill, Dean. Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Salt Tolerance of Landscape Plants for South Florida 2

Table 1.

Table 1. Salt Tolerance of Trees

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name

GOOD SALT TOLERANCE

Norfolk island pine Araucaria heterophylla Mimusops Manilkara roxburghiana

Bontia Bontia daphnoides Sapodilla Manilkara zapota

Black olive buceras Cajeput tree, Punk Melaleuca quinquenervia

Gumbo limbo Bursera simaruba Wax myrtle Myrica cerifera

Crimson bottlebrush Callistemon citrinus Madagascar olive Noronhia emarginata

Mastwood Calophyllum oliviforme Ochrosia Ochrosia elliptica

Australian pine Casuarina equisetifolia Sand pine Pinus clausa

Satin leaf Chrysophyllum oliviforme Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis

Pitch apple Clusia rosea Frangipani Plumeria spp.

Pigeon plum Coccoloba diversifolia Pongam Pongamia pinnata

Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus Live Oak Quercus virginiana

Geiger tree Cordia sebestena Mahogany Swietenia mahagoni

Sea hibiscus, Mahoe Hibiscus tiliaceus Yellow tabebuia Tabebuia argentea

Yaupon holly Ilex vomitoria Tropical almond catappa

Southern red cedar Juniperus silicoola Seaside mahoe Thespesia populnea

MODERATE SALT TOLERANCE

Sweet acacia Acacia farnesiana Sweet gum Liquidambar styraciflua

Toog Bischofia javanica Barbados cherry Malpighia glabra

Cecropia Cecropia palmata Mango Mangifera indica

Citrus Citrus spp. Jerusalem thorn Parkinsonia aculeata Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Salt Tolerance of Landscape Plants for South Florida 3

Table 1.

Table 1. Salt Tolerance of Trees

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name

Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo Avocado Persea americana

Royal poinciana Delonix regia Slash pine Pinus elliottii

Loquat Eribotrya japonica Japanese black pine Pinus thunbergiana

Silverdollar eucalyptus Eucalyptus cinerea Cherry laurel Prunus caroliniana

Pencil tree Euphorbia tirucalli Guava Psidium guajava

Weeping fig Ficus benjamina Laurel oak Quercus laurifolia

Rubber Ficus elastica Willow Salix spp.

Silk oak Grevillea robusta Tamarind Tamarindus indica

Lignum-vitae Guaiacum sanctum Bald cypress Taxodium distichum

Dahoon Ilex cassine Oriental arborvitae Thuja orientalis

Japanese privet Ligustrum japonicum Chaste tree Vitex agnus-castus

Glossy privet Ligustrum lucidum

LOW SALT TOLERANCE

Red maple Acer rubrum Coral tree Erythrina spp.

Carambola Averrhoa carambola Kumquat Fortunella margarita

Orchid tree Bauhinia purpurea Jacaranda Jacaranda mimosifolia

Schefflera Brassaia actinophylla Litchi Litchi chinensis

Papaya Carica papaya Macadamia Macadamia spp.

Golden-shower Cassia fistula Mulberry Morus spp.

Camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Yellow poinciana Peltophorum pterocarpum

Japanese persimmon Diospyros kaki Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Salt Tolerance of Landscape Plants for South Florida 4

Table 2.

Table 2. Salt Tolerance of Palms

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name

GOOD SALT TOLERANCE

Coconut Cocos nucifera Senegal date palm Phoenix reclinata

Silver palm Coccothrinax argentata Cabbage palm Sabal palmetto

Hurricane palm Dictyosperma album Saw palmetto Serenoa repens

Bottle palm Hyophorbe spp. Brittle thatch palm Thrinex morrisii

Latan palm Latania spp. Washingtonia palm Washingtonia robusta

Canary Island date palm Phoenix canariensis

MODERATE SALT TOLERANCE

Paurotis Acoelorrhaphe wrightii Gingerbread palm Hyphaene thebaica

Queen palm Arecastrum romanzoffianum Chinese fan palm Livistona chinensis

Pindo palm Butia capitata Date palm Phoenix dactylifera

European fan palm Chamaerops humilis Fiji Island fan palm Pritchardia pacifica

Areca palm Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Lady palm Rhapsis excelsa

African oil palm Elaeis guineensis Florida royal palm Roystonea elata

Acrocomia Gastrococos crispa Christmas palm Veitchia merrillii Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Salt Tolerance of Landscape Plants for South Florida 5

Table 3.

Table 3. Salt Tolerance of Shrubs

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name

GOOD SALT TOLERANCE

Century plant Agave americana Dwarf yaupon holly Ilex vomitoria cvs.

Marlberry Ardisia escallonioides Wax myrtle Myrica cerifera

Groundselbush, Eastern Baccharis halimifolia Oleander Nerium oleander baccharis

Crimson bottlebrush Callistemon citrinus Prickly pear Opuntia spp.

Natal plum Carissa grandiflora Pittosporum Pittosporum tobira

Coco plum Chrysobalanus icaco Inkberry Scaevola plumieri

Sea grape Coccoloba uvifera Baycedar Suriana maritima

Pampas grass Cortaderia selloana African milkbush Synadenium grantii

Candelabra cactus Euphorbia lactea Sandankwa viburnum Viburnum suspensum

Crown-of-thorns Euphorbia milii Spanish bayonet Yucca aloifolia

Fig Ficus carica Adam's needle Yucca smalliana

MODERATE SALT TOLERANCE

Bamboo Bambusa spp. Ixora Ixora coccinea

Barbados flower-fence Caesalpinia pulcherrima Lantana Lantana camara

Bottlebrush Callistemon rigidus Japanese privet Ligustrum japonicum

Giant milkweed Calotropis gigantea Glossy privet Ligustrum lucidum

Hedge cactus Cereus peruvianus Leatherleaf mahonia Mahonia bealei

Night cestrum Cestrum nocturnum Holly malpighia Malpighia coccigera

Ti plant Cordyline terminalis Devil's backbone Pedilanthus tithymaloides

Jade plant Crassula argentea Broadleaf podocarpus Podocarpus nagi Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Salt Tolerance of Landscape Plants for South Florida 6

Table 3.

Table 3. Salt Tolerance of Shrubs

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name

Queen sago palm Cycas circinalis Pseuderanthemum Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum

Sago palm Cycas revoluta Formosa firethorn Pyracantha koidzumii

Blue sage Eranthemum pulchellum Rose Rosa spp.

Fatsia Fatsia japonica Rattle box Sesbania punicea

Pineapple guava Feijoa sellowiana Lucky nut Thevetia peruviana

Scarlet bush Hamelia patens Sweet viburnum Viburnum odoratissimum

Ribbon bush Homalocladium platycladum Vitex Vitex trifolia 'variegata'

Inkberry Ilex glabra

LOW SALT TOLERANCE

Copper leaf Acalypha wilkesiana Crape myrtle Lagerstroemia indica

Snowbush Breynia disticha Swiss cheese plant Monstera deliciosa

Butterfly bush Buddleia officinalis Orange jessamine Murraya paniculata

Powderpuff Calliandra haematocephala Banana Musa x paradisiaca

Glory bower vine Clerodendrum thomsoniae Heavenly bamboo Nandina domestica

Croton Codiaeum variegatum Redtop Photinia x fraseri

Cuphea Cuphea hyssopifolia Plumbago Plumbago auriculata

Surinam cherry Eugenia uniflora Yew podocarpus Podocarpus macrophyllus

Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima Aralia Polyscias spp.

Thryallis Galphimia glauca Sanchezia Sanchezia speciosa Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Salt Tolerance of Landscape Plants for South Florida 7

Table 3.

Table 3. Salt Tolerance of Shrubs

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name

Gardenia Gardenia jasminoides Crape jasmine Tabernaemontana divaricata

Hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Yellow elder Tecoma stans

Chinese hat plant Holmskioldia sanguinea Rice-paper plant Tetrapanax papyriferus

Arabian jasmine Princess flower Tibouchina urvilleana

Coral plant Jatropha spp. Viburnum Viburnum spp.(others) Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Salt Tolerance of Landscape Plants for South Florida 8

Table 4.

Table 4. Salt Tolerance of Ground Covers

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name

GOOD SALT TOLERANCE

Aloe Aloe spp. Weeping lantana Lantana montevidensis

Asparagus fern Asparagus spp. Lilyturf Liriope spp.

Hottentot fig Carpobrotus edulis Mondo grass Ophiopogon japonicus

Dichondra Dichondra micrantha Pursiane Portulaca spp.

Creeping fig Ficus pumila Cape honeysuckle Tecomaria capensis

Fig marigold Glottiphylum depressum Sea lavender Tournefortia gnaphalodes

Algerian Ivy Hedera canariensis Confederate jasmine Trachelospermum jasminoides

English Ivy Hedera helix Caltrops Tribulus terrestris

Cucumberleaf sunflower Helianthus debilis Sea oats Uniola paniculata

Daylily Hemerocallis spp. Wedelia Wedelia trilobata

Beach morning-glory Ipomoea pes-caprae Coontie Zamia integrifolia

Shore juniper Juniperus conferta

MODERATE SALT TOLERANCE

Blood leaf Alternanthera spp. Partridgeberry Mitchella repens

Coleus Coleus blumei Oyster plant Rhoeo spathacea

Common bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon Snake plant Sansevieria spp.

Blanket flower Gaillardia pulchella Purple queen Setcreasea pallida

Transvaal daisy Gerbera jamesonii St.Augustine grass Stenotaphrum secundatum

Japanese garden juniper Juniperus chinensis Var. Wandering jew Zebrina pendula procumbens Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Salt Tolerance of Landscape Plants for South Florida 9

Table 4.

Table 4. Salt Tolerance of Ground Covers

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name

Kalanchoe Kalanchoe spp. Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Salt Tolerance of Landscape Plants for South Florida 10

Table 5.

Table 5. Salt Tolerance of Vines

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientifc Name

GOOD SALT TOLERANCE

Bougainvillea Bougainvillea spp. Flowering jasmine Jasminum floridum

Rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Creeping fig Ficus pumila Flame vine Pyrostegia venusta

Algerian ivy Hedera canariensis Cape honeysuckle Tecomaria capensis

English ivy Hedera helix Confederate jasmine Trachelospermum jasminoides

Night blooming cereus Hylocereus undatus

MODERATE SALT TOLERANCE

Allamanda Allamanda spp. Pink allamanda Mandevilla splendens

Woolly congea Congea tomentosa Mexican flame vine Senecio confusus

Wax plant Hoya carnosa

LOW SALT TOLERANCE

Painted trumpet Clytostoma callistegioides Queens wreath Petrea volubilis

Downy jasmine Jasminum multiflorum Rangoon creeper Quisqualis indica

Star jasmine Jasminum nitidum Chalice vine Solandra guttata