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I SIMPOSIO - PALEONTOLOGÍA EN CHILE 2-3 de octubre 2008 NOTA LIBRO DE ACTAS Esta es una versión digital preliminar del Libro de Actas correspondiente al I Simposio - Paleontología en Chile. Contiene exclusivamente los trabajos presentados, en su versión diagramada. En mayo contaremos con las versiones digital e impresa finales, incorporando a lo aquí presentado el detalle acerca de la organización del evento señalado. Santiago Los Editores Abril de 2009 Editores Alfonso Rubilar R. David Rubilar-R. Carolina Gutstein S. I SIMPOSIO - PALEONTOLOGÍA EN CHILE - 2008 PALEONTOLOGÍA Y PATRIMONIO PALEONTOLÓGICO EN CHILE (BASES DE DATOS; GESTION) 1 I SIMPOSIO - PALEONTOLOGÍA EN CHILE - 2008 2 I SIMPOSIO - PALEONTOLOGÍA EN CHILE - 2008 Libro de Actas, p. 3-9 PALEONTOLOGÍA, PATRIMONIO PALEONTOLÓGICO Y SUS VÍNCULOS CON LA BIOLOGÍA Y GEOLOGÍA Alfonso Rubilar R. Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, [email protected] Introducción Los primeros hallazgos documentados de fósiles en Chile fueron realizados a fines del siglo XVIII (Montero y Diéguez, 1998), aunque la investigación en Paleontología ha sido relativamente continua sólo desde comienzos del siglo XIX. El registro fósil presente en el país es abundante y diverso (Fig. 1), con restos conocidos desde el Ordovícico medio (graptolites y braquiópodos; ca. 470 millones de años). Sin embargo, el número de paleontólogos ha sido en general muy reducido, y hasta el momento no han prosperado los intentos por ampliar el desarrollo de esta disciplina en diferentes instituciones. La Ley No. 17.288 (de Monumentos Nacionales; 1970) es la principal norma dirigida a la protección y conservación del patrimonio paleontológico en Chile, aunque lo aborda en forma indirecta e incompleta. Por otra parte, la experiencia internacional señala que tales leyes son más efectivas en la medida en que una asociación de profesionales se ocupa activamente de ello, como se aspira a que suceda pronto en nuestro país. En este trabajo se efectúa una breve caracterización del ámbito científico de la Paleontología, y se analizan sus vínculos con la Biología y Geología. Además, se sintetiza el planteamiento de la Ley No. 17.288 y se efectúan algunas proposiciones orientadas a fortalecer la protección de las colecciones y sitios paleontológicos del país. La Paleontología y su relación con la Biología y Geología La Paleontología estudia los organismos antiguos o del pasado geológico (por convención, con más de 10.000-11.000 años), en su mayoría extinguidos, que se han preservado en las rocas (e.g., sedimentarias) o en medios protectores (e.g., ámbar) como fósiles. Estos pueden ser restos propiamente tales en general mineralizados (e.g., partes del cuerpo, estructuras reproductivas) o evidencias de actividad o presencia biológicas (e.g., huellas, excavaciones). A partir de estos materiales, que permiten comprender la naturaleza y evolución de los seres vivos del pasado (registro fósil), intenta reconstruir sus morfologías, conocer sus modos de vida y alimentación, sucesión temporal, distribución geográfica y relaciones de parentesco, así como los cambios biológicos globales que han tenido lugar en el tiempo. Este conocimiento se expresa en descripciones sistemáticas, zonaciones bioestratigráficas, interpretaciones paleobiológicas (e.g., Paleontología Evolutiva, Paleoecología, Paleobiogeografía) o en una síntesis histórica (Fig. 2). Esta ciencia fue fundada por Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) a principios del siglo XIX, al instaurar, por ejemplo, el concepto de especie extinguida, cuyo estudio no podía ser abordado por la Biología. Esto fortaleció el rol que siempre ha tenido la Paleontología como ciencia complementaria o auxiliar de la Geología, por la utilización de taxones y parataxones como indicadores de la edad relativa y condición paleoambiental en las cuales se originó el depósito que los contiene. Si junto a esto último se destaca el hecho de que los fósiles están en especial en las rocas, que comparten una génesis con éstas, y que tanto los organismos del pasado como los eventos paleobiológicos están integrados en la Geología Histórica, es comprensible que alguien que se inicia en el estudio del registro fósil suponga que se trataría de una subdisciplina o especialidad de la Geología. La Paleontología, por el contrario, es una Ciencia de la Tierra (e Histórica) por derecho propio, que genera conocimiento en un ámbito preciso (el pasado de la vida) y con alcances (narración de eventos) particulares (Fig. 2). Ni la localización de los materiales de estudio (fósiles) ni el aporte de datos aplicados (labor auxiliar) son criterios 3 I SIMPOSIO - PALEONTOLOGÍA EN CHILE - 2008 Fig. 1. Algunas plantas, invertebrados, vertebrados y huellas que integran el registro fósil en Chile. La edad relativa de cada ejemplar o material se indica, en forma aproximada, en la escala geológica del tiempo (izquierda) mediante una flecha y el número que lo identifica. Escala = 1 cm (excepto en 16, 20 y 25). Este esquema integra un trabajo presentado al Segundo Seminario Minería y Monumentos Nacionales (2006), cuyos Anales no han sido publicados. Taxones ilustrados (géneros o categorías superiores). Plantas: 4- Dicroidium, 21- Nothofagus. Invertebrados: 17- Oculina (coral); 3- Waagenoconcha, 5- Clavigera, 9- Spiriferina, 13- ‘Rhynchonella’ (braquiópodos); 2- Lithotrochus, 23- Incatella, 26- Ficus (gastrópodos); 6- Monotis, 7- Gryphaea, 8- Weyla, 11- Neocrassina, 12- Trigonia, 14- ‘Agriopleura’, 22- Chlamys (bivalvos); 24- Cancer (crustáceo); 15- Belemnopsis (belemnite); 10- Stephanoceras (amonite); 18- Cymatoceras (nautiloideo); 1- Tetragraptus (graptolite). Vertebrados: 27- Carcharocles (tiburón); 20- Elasmosauridae (plesiosaurio), 19- Santiagorothia (notoungulado), 25- Stegomastodon (mastodonte). Huellas: 16- Dinosaurios (Baños del Flaco). Las plantas y la mayor parte de los invertebrados integran la Colección de Docencia del Departamento de Geología (U. de Chile). 7: Sernageomin, SNGM 8360. 12, SNGM s/n. 1, 19, 20, 25 y 27: obtenidos de diferentes publicaciones. Elaboración: A.Rubilar y R. Otero 4 I SIMPOSIO - PALEONTOLOGÍA EN CHILE - 2008 suficientes para definir su quehacer. En efecto, la naturaleza intrínseca de los fósiles (organismos del pasado, variables y diversos, representados por sus restos o evidencias) y su significado primordial (permiten conocer las características y transformaciones de la vida a lo largo del tiempo) acercan o vinculan a la Paleontología con la Biología (e.g., con procedimientos taxonómicos basados en códigos de nomenclatura, necesarios para la descripción de especies) y la sitúan bajo el paradigma evolutivo. Es decir, aborda el estudio del registro fósil con perspectivas diferentes a las de la Geología, donde su desenvolvimiento está centrado en la información aplicada que los fósiles pueden aportar (e.g., Bioestratigrafía, Bioestratinomía). Esto no resta valor al estímulo que da la Geología a la Paleontología, ni a la fecunda integración del conocimiento que ambas generan. Además, si bien los fósiles prueban el hecho evolutivo, algunas proposiciones teóricas de esta última ciencia han llevado a modificar la concepción tradicional de dicho proceso. De esta forma, la Paleontología constituye un ámbito interdisciplinario, de interfase o especialidad entre la Biología y Geología (Fig. 2). La obtención e interpretación de los datos, bajo una metodología posdictiva (reanálisis de lo conocido a partir de nuevos hallazgos), requiere utilizar conceptos y procedimientos elaborados en ambas disciplinas y de otros propios (e.g., uniformismo taxonómico y ambiental, estudio de órganos vestigia- les, iteración de patrones paleoecológicos, análisis tafonómico, análisis morfofuncional). En síntesis, la Paleontología aborda el estudio integral del registro fósil. Posee objetivos de investigación, principios metodológicos y un cuerpo teórico propios, diferentes en su conjunto a los de la Biología y Geología, y su amplitud temática es abordada por múltiples especialidades. Además de abarcar el estudio descriptivo de los organismos y huellas del pasado (e.g., Micropaleontología, Paleobotánica, Paleopalinología, Paleontología de Invertebrados y de Vertebrados, Paleoicnología) e implicancias paleobiológicas de tal registro, tiene el compromiso metodológico ineludible de conservar los ejemplares y las colecciones de fósiles (Fig. 3). La carencia en Chile de una carrera profesional en Paleontología no implica desconocer su identidad como ciencia, y en particular a los más de 30 profesionales que hoy se dedican a ella en el país mediante alguna especialización (provenientes de la Biología o Geología), en diferentes instituciones (e.g., universidades, museos). Fig. 2. Esquema del ámbito científico de la Paleontología. 5 I SIMPOSIO - PALEONTOLOGÍA EN CHILE - 2008 - Material tipo de especies fósiles (holotipo, paratipos) - Colecciones científicas de fósiles - Informes inéditos y literatura especializada ‘MONUMENTO PALEONTOLÓGICO’ - Sitios paleontológicos de alto - Sitios valor científico paleontológicos y geológicos ‘MONUMENTO GEOLÓGICO’ - Sitios geológicos de alto valor - ‘Geoparques’ científico (‘geositios’) - Colecciones científicas (minerales, rocas) Fig. 3. Categorías y componentes del patrimonio paleontológico y geológico (o geopaleontológico). La denominación de ‘Monumento’ se basa en la Ley No. 17.288. El patrimonio paleontológico Este patrimonio puede ser definido como los fósiles disponibles en las rocas o en particular los que integran colecciones científicas institucionales, así como los sitios o yacimientos paleontológicos
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    The Geology, Paleontology and Paleoecology of the Cerro Fortaleza Formation

    The Geology, Paleontology and Paleoecology of the Cerro Fortaleza Formation, Patagonia (Argentina) A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Victoria Margaret Egerton in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2011 © Copyright 2011 Victoria M. Egerton. All Rights Reserved. ii Dedications To my mother and father iii Acknowledgments The knowledge, guidance and commitment of a great number of people have led to my success while at Drexel University. I would first like to thank Drexel University and the College of Arts and Sciences for providing world-class facilities while I pursued my PhD. I would also like to thank the Department of Biology for its support and dedication. I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Kenneth Lacovara, for his guidance and patience. Additionally, I would like to thank him for including me in his pursuit of knowledge of Argentine dinosaurs and their environments. I am also indebted to my committee members, Dr. Gail Hearn, Dr. Jake Russell, Dr. Mike O‘Connor, Dr. Matthew Lamanna, Dr. Christopher Williams and Professor Hermann Pfefferkorn for their valuable comments and time. The support of Argentine scientists has been essential for allowing me to pursue my research. I am thankful that I had the opportunity to work with such kind and knowledgeable people. I would like to thank Dr. Fernando Novas (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales) for helping me obtain specimens that allowed this research to happen. I would also like to thank Dr. Viviana Barreda (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales) for her allowing me use of her lab space while I was visiting Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales.
  • INA15, Bohol, the Philippines

    INA15, Bohol, the Philippines

    15th INA Conference, Bohol, Philippines, 2015, abstracts © 2015 International Nannoplankton Association ISSN 1210-8049 Printed in the Philippines DIAMOND LEVEL PLATINUM LEVEL International Nannoplankton Association University of the Philippines Foundation Diliman GOLD LEVEL SILVER LEVEL MNC Platinum Group Geoconsultant Metals Corporation GEOSCIENCE FOUNDATION, INC. BRONZE LEVEL UP GEOLOGY ALUMNI ASSOCIATION INC. OTHER SPONSORS Beta Analytic Inc. Lodestar Press, Inc. Department of Tourism Khumbu Enterprises, Inc. / Tramper Retailers, Inc. San Miguel Corporation DZUP 1602 2 INA15 INA15 3 INA15 Bohol, Philippines 2015 Organizing Committee & Staff Alyssa M. Peleo-Alampay: Chair Allan Gil S. Fernando: Program Committee Head Laurel M. Bybell: Lead Editor David K. Watkins & Jean M. Self-Trail: Assistant Editors Dorothy Joyce (Doyce) D. Marquez: Logistics and Registration Dianne Jules G. Rosario: Accommodations, Travel and Venue Jaan Ruy Conrad (Jaan) P. Nogot: Website and Designs Jose Dominick (Doms) S. Guballa: Field Trip Guide (Pre-Conference Fieldtrip A) Abigael (Abi) L. Castro: Field Trip Guide (Pre-Conference Fieldtrip B) John Warner (Warner) M. Carag: Field Trip Guide (Post-Conference Fieldtrip) Kevin L. Garas: Field Trip Resource Person (Bohol) Mario A. Aurelio: Field Trip Resource Person (Palawan) Dyan Mabille E. Plata: Head of Manila Support Team Support Team Gretchen (Chen) P. Callejo Raymund (Adong) C. Fernandez Maria Paola (Pao) A. Grajo Clarence Y. Magtoto 4 INA15 INA15 Bohol, Philippines 2015 Scientific Committee Alyssa M. Peleo-Alampay University of the Philippines INA15 Organizer Allan Gil S. Fernando University of the Philippines INA15 Program Committee Head Jeremy Young University College London INA President David K. Watkins University of Nebraska INA Past President and INA11 organizer Michael Styzen Noble Energy INA Foundation Manager Jean M.
  • Mammalia, Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Biogeography

    Mammalia, Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Biogeography

    J Mammal Evol DOI 10.1007/s10914-012-9192-3 ORIGINAL PAPER The South American Gomphotheres (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Biogeography Dimila Mothé & Leonardo S. Avilla & Mario A. Cozzuol # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 Abstract The taxonomic history of South American Gom- peruvium, seems to be a crucial part of the biogeography photheriidae is very complex and controversial. Three species and evolution of the South American gomphotheres. are currently recognized: Amahuacatherium peruvium, Cuvieronius hyodon,andNotiomastodon platensis.Thefor- Keywords South American Gomphotheres . Systematic mer is a late Miocene gomphothere whose validity has been review. Taxonomy. Proboscidea questioned by several authors. The other two, C. hyodon and N. platensis, are Quaternary taxa in South America, and they have distinct biogeographic patterns: Andean and lowland Introduction distributions, respectively. South American gomphotheres be- came extinct at the end of the Pleistocene. We conducted a The family Gomphotheriidae is, so far, the only group of phylogenetic analysis of Proboscidea including the South Proboscidea recorded in South America. Together with the American Quaternary gomphotheres, which resulted in two megatheriid sloths Eremotherium laurillardi Lund, 1842, most parsimonious trees. Our results support a paraphyletic the Megatherium americanum Cuvier, 1796,andthe Gomphotheriidae and a monophyletic South American notoungulate Toxodon platensis Owen, 1840, they are the gomphothere lineage: C. hyodon and N. platensis. The late most common late Pleistocene representatives of the mega- Miocene gomphothere record in Peru, Amahuacatherium fauna in South America (Paula-Couto 1979). Similar to the Pleistocene and Holocene members of the family Elephan- tidae (e.g., extant elephants and extinct mammoths), the D.