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Biological Role of Piper Nigrum L. (Black Pepper): a Review

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Biological Role of Piper Nigrum L. (Black Pepper): a Review Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2012)S1945-S1953 S1945 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtb Document heading doi: 2012 by the Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. All rights reserved. 襃 Biological role of Piper nigrum L. (Black pepper): A review Nisar Ahmad1, Hina Fazal2, Bilal Haider Abbasi1, Shahid Farooq2, Mohammad Ali1 and Mubarak Ali Khan1 1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan 2Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Piper nigrum L. is considered the king of spices throughout the world due to its pungent principle 13 2012 Piper nigrum Received September piperine. Peppercorn of as a whole or its active components are used in most of 7 2012 Piper nigrum Received in revised form October the food items. Different parts of including secondary metabolites are also used A 12 N 2012 Piper nigrum ccepted ovember as drug, preservative, insecticidal and larvicidal control agents. Biologically is Available online 28 December 2012 very important specie. The biological role of thisPiper spec inigrume is explained in different experiments that peppercorn and secondary metabolites of can be used as Antiapoptotic, Keywords: Antibacterial, Anti-Colon toxin, Antidepressant, Antifungal, Antidiarrhoeal, Anti-inflammatory, Piper nigrum Antimutagenic, Anti-metastatic activity, Antioxidative, Antiriyretic, Antispasmodic, Black-pepper Antispermatogenic, Antitumor, Antithyroid, Ciprofloxacin potentiator, Cold extremities, Gastric Peppercorn ailments, Hepatoprotective, Insecticidal activity, Intermittent fever and Larvisidal activity. Other Piperine roles of this specie includes protection against diabetes induced oxidative stress; Piperine protect Biological activities oxidation of various chemicals, decreased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, inhibition of aryl hydroxylation, increased bioavailability of vaccine and sparteine, increase the bioavailability of active compounds, delayed elimination of antiepileptic drug, increased orocecal transit time, piperine influenced and activate the biomembrane to absorb variety of active agents, increased serum concentration, reducing mutational events, tumour inhibitory activity, Piperine inhibite mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, grPiperowth nigrumstimulatory activity and chemopreventive effect. This review based on the biological role of can provide that the peppercorn or other parts can be used as crude drug for various diseases while the secondary metabolites such as piperine can be used for specific diseases. 1. Introduction administrated[7]. Some reports have been demonstrated that black pepper consumption in humans increased orocecal Piper nigrum [10-11] isPiper fam onigrumus as thP.nigrume spices king due to its transit time . Piperine prevents and minimize diarrhea pungent quality[1]. ( ) L. is a member produced by various oil and chemicals and also reduce [2-4] [11] of family Piperaceae . The genus piper has mP.nigrumore than intestinal fluid aP.cc unigrummo-latin in mouse intestine . The 1P.longum000 species buP.betlet the most well known sp.pe nigrumcies are , active agents of activates the epithelial cells and ; 51 cultivars of have been in rat jejunum to permeates the uptake of various amino repoP.nigrumrted from the tropical and subtropical regions of India acids through the activation of membranes, enhance the [5]. fruits are also used to produce white pepper production of proteins which are later used for the formation and green pepper and are valued due the presence of of cytoskeleton system due to surface adsorption property. piperine including its different isomers[6]. Black pepper This valuable specie also has the power to minimize can be used for different purposes such as human dietaries, different mutations like ethylcarbamte induced mutation as medicine, as preservatives, as biocontrol agents[1, in Drosophila. As compare to mutation, black pepper also 8, 9]. This plant and its active component piperine can reduced tumor formation in mice such as Ehrlich ascites stimulate the digestive enzymes of pancreas and intestines tumour and Doltons lymphoma cells[12-14]. and also increases biliary bile acid secretion when orally Other related activities included Anti-inflammatory activity, thermogenic action, growth stimulatory activity, *Corresponding author: Nisar Ahmad, PhD Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, anti-thyroid activity and chemopreventive[15]. Secondary Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan. P. nigrum Tel: +92-332-9959234 metabolites from play defensive role against [16-17] E-mail: [email protected] infections by microbes, insects and animals . Nisar Ahmad et al./Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2012)S1945-S1953 S1946 P. nigrum Piperamides extracted from had shown isolated which includes alkaloides/amides (145), lignans (47), insecticidal activities[18-19].毬-caryophyllene showed neolignans (70), terpenes (89) and 101 noval compounds has [20] anesthetic actiP.vit ynigrum. Nerolidol is very famous secondary also been extracted, 14 of which shown different biological metabolite of , used to control mites. Another activities[25, 41, 42, 43]. important component of pepper volatile oil is pipene, which [21] is a famous odorants . 2. Biological value of P. nigrum Black pepper is important for its medicinal value[22]. Medicinally black pepper can be used for digestive disorders like large intestine toxins, different gastric problems, Most of the plant species including piper produced diarrhea, and indigestion and also can be used against secondary metabolites which help in body metabolism and [23, 24, 26] respiratory disorders including coldP., feguineensever, asthma . also used as defense system against various agents such as The West African Black pepper, ( ), important insect feeding plants and animals.[16]. Recently scientists as flavorant and its different parts are used as internal from different biological fields screen plants for various medicine for curing bronchitis, gastric ulcer, rheumatism secondary metabolites which can be used for preparation of and as antiviral agent[25]. Recently, an interesting study has medicines and biocontrol agents[45]. shown effects of piperine on mood and cognitive disorder[27]. Piperaceae family has provided many past and present Notwithstanding, it has been shown that enhances the civilizations with a source of medicines and food spices; the bioavailability of various nutrients including vitamins; 毬 secondary metabolites of different species in the genus piper -carotene and selenium[28]. Different field investigators have been used for various biological activities including isolated valuable compound from this specie including insect repellent activities. The active compounds having Phenolics, various derivatives of lignans, terpenes, insecticidal activity are the piperaPipermide snigrum extracted from chalcones, flavonoid, alkaloid and steroid[25]. Brachyamide B different species of piper including [46]. Black [29], Dihydropipericide[25], benzamide group[30], (2E, 4E)-N- pepper is the main spice food stuff and Piperine is a pungent Eicosadienoyl pereridine[31], N-trans-Feruloyltryamine,[25], alkaloid of black pepper. Two important sesquiterpens, 毬 Guineensine[32], pentadienoyl as piperidine, (2E, 4E)-N- -caryophyllene and nerolidol, the first having anaesthetic isobutyldecadienamide[33], isobutyl-eicosatrienamide[34], activity[20]and second used for flavouring agent, it is also isobutyloctadienamide[25], Piperamide[35], Piperamine[25], been reported that the piperine enhances the trans-dermal Piperettine[36], Pipericide[37], Piperine[3,38], Piperolein B, delivery of active drugs through skin membrane. A natural Trichostachine, Sarmentine, Sarmentosine,[39,25,4,40]. Only compound isolated from piper species known as nerolidol 12% plant species of Piperaceae family has been investigated having pesticidal activity against various mites. Another for phytochemicals analysis. 592 compounds has been active agent isolated from volatile oil of peppercorn known Table 1 et al P. nigrum Mathew [44] reported 51 cultivars of in various districts of India. No Cultivar Locality District No Cultivar Locality District 1 Ampirian Kulathupuzha Kollam 27 Kanjiramkodan Kalpetta Wayanad 2 Angamali Kodolippuram Kannur 28 Kareelanchi Kulathupuzha Kollam 3 Arakulammundy Pulpally Wayanad 29 Karimkottavalli Kalpetta Wayanad 4 Areepadappan Kulathupuzha Kollam 30 Karimunda Peruvanthanam Idukki 5 Arivally Kodolippuram Kannur 31 Karimundy Pulpally Wayanad 6 Balankotta Kalpetta Wayanadu 32 Karivally Porora Kannur 7 Cheriyakaniyakadan Veliyambra Kannur 33 Kottanadan Peringamala Trivandrum 8 Cheriyauthiran Naiketty Wayanad 34 Kuruvantherivally Kodolippuram Kannur 9 Cherumany Naiketty Wayanad 35 Kuthiravaaly Kodolippuram Kannur 10 Chombala Mattannoor Kannur 36 Maniyamcode Kalpetta Wayanad 11 Jeerakamundy Peermade Idukki 37 Manjavallypadappan Peringamala Trivandrum 12 Kallubalancotta Kodolippuram Kannur 38 Menonvally Kodolippuram Kannur 13 Kallumany Periya Wayanad 39 Mundy Aralam Kannur 14 Kalluvally Periya Wayanad 40 Murithothan Kulathupuzha Trivandrum 15 Kalyanamandiram Kalpetta Wayanad 41 Narayakodi Pathamuttom Kottayam 16 Kaniyakadan Kulathupuzha Kollam 42 Neelamundi Vandiperiyar Idukki 17 Muttiyaramundy Pulpally Wayanad 43
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