DOCSLIB.ORG

Creating Wealth from Waste

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Creating Wealth from Waste Creating wealth from waste Robin Murray Open access. Some rights reserved. As the publisher of this work, Demos has an open access policy which enables anyone to access our content electronically without charge. We want to encourage the circulation of our work as widely as possible without affecting the ownership of the copyright, which remains with the copyright holder. Users are welcome to download, save, perform or distribute this work electronically or in any other format, including in foreign language translation without written permission subject to the conditions set out in the Demos open access licence which you can read here. Please read and consider the full licence. The following are some of the conditions imposed by the licence: • Demos and the author(s) are credited; • The Demos website address (www.demos.co.uk) is published together with a copy of this policy statement in a prominent position; • The text is not altered and is used in full (the use of extracts under existing fair usage rights is not affected by this condition); • The work is not resold; • A copy of the work or link to its use online is sent to the address below for our archive. By downloading publications, you are confirming that you have read and accepted the terms of the Demos open access licence. Copyright Department Demos Elizabeth House 39 York Road London SE1 7NQ United Kingdom [email protected] You are welcome to ask for permission to use this work for purposes other than those covered by the Demos open access licence. Demos gratefully acknowledges the work of Lawrence Lessig and Creative Commons which inspired our approach to copyright. The Demos circulation licence is adapted from the ‘attribution/no derivatives/non-commercial’ version of the Creative Commons licence. To find out more about Creative Commons licences go to www.creativecommons.org Demos Demos is an independent think tank committed to radical thinking on the long-term problems facing the UK and other advanced indus- trial societies. It aims to develop ideas – both theoretical and practical – to help shape the politics of the twenty-first century, and to improve the breadth and quality of political debate. Demos publishes books and a regular journal and undertakes sub- stantial empirical and policy oriented research projects. Demos is a registered charity. In all its work Demos brings together people from a wide range of backgrounds in business, academia, government, the voluntary sec- tor and the media to share and cross-fertilise ideas and experiences. For further information and subscription details please contact: Demos Panton House 25 Hay market London SW1Y 4EN Telephone: 0171 321 2200 Facsimile: 0171 321 2342 email: [email protected] This page is covered by the Demos open access licence. Some rights reserved. Full details of licence conditions are available at www.demos.co.uk/openaccess First published in 1999 by Demos Panton House 25 Hay market London SW1Y 4EN Telephone: 0171 321 2200 Facsimile: 0171 321 2342 email: [email protected] © Demos/Robin Murray 1999 All rights reserved ISBN 1 898309 07 8 Printed in Great Britain by Redwood Books, Trowbridge Design by Lindsay Nash This page is covered by the Demos open access licence. Some rights reserved. Full details of licence conditions are available at www.demos.co.uk/openaccess This page is covered by the Demos open access licence. Some rights reserved. Full details of licence conditions are available at www.demos.co.uk/openaccess Contents Acknowledgements vii Preface ix PART I OUT OF THE WASTELAND 1. Beyond the dustbin 3 2. Alternative modernisations 10 3. Environmental dividends 23 4. 50,000 jobs 35 5. Relocalising production 52 6. Recycling and social policy 67 PART II THE IMPASSE 7. Perverse markets 77 8. Perverse institutions 91 9. Disconnected government 99 PART III TOWARDS ZERO WASTE 10. Waste and tax 117 This page is covered by the Demos open access licence. Some rights reserved. Full details of licence conditions are available at www.demos.co.uk/openaccess Creating wealth from waste 11. Financing the local 130 12. A Zero Waste Agency 139 13. Democratising risk 148 14. A programme for zero waste 156 Notes 161 vi Demos This page is covered by the Demos open access licence. Some rights reserved. Full details of licence conditions are available at www.demos.co.uk/openaccess Acknowledgements This book is the result of joint work over the past three years on a proj- ect on the employment potential of the new waste economy. The proj- ect came about as the result of a request from the London Planning Advisory Committee to consider their long-term waste strategy in the light of recycling experience elsewhere. They were interested in the extent to which recycling could deliver on a number of aspects of their planning policies on sustainability, particularly in terms of air quality, CO2 reduction, resource saving and the re-industrialisation of run- down areas of London, as well as the creation of jobs. This work over- lapped with the Demos Working Cities project, whose aim was to develop a new approach to job creation through influencing the way changes take place in ‘productive systems’ Waste was an example of a productive system, spanning households, councils, governments and a range of industrial and service sectors, and was on the point of a major change. The work in London involved the creation of a consortium of 28 London boroughs to develop an intensive recycling programme, and a number of other bodies to ‘animate’ the change. In the past six months, similar work has been undertaken with a consortium of eleven district authorities in Essex to develop a 60 per cent recycling and composting waste plan. The London work was written up in Re-Inventing Waste (Ecologika, 1998). The present book develops themes from these stud- ies in relation to wider national issues. Demos vii This page is covered by the Demos open access licence. Some rights reserved. Full details of licence conditions are available at www.demos.co.uk/openaccess Creating wealth from waste The approach adopted in each of these cases was to invite Canadian specialists with experience of running intensive recycling schemes and related enterprises overseas to work with UK local authorities. Five have played a central and continuing role: Keith Collins and Kathy Killinger, who shaped the argument as presented and who are respon- sible for many of the ideas, figures and all the graphs; Bob Argue and Cheryl Nash, who developed some of the most innovative schemes in Canada and were inter alia responsible for the models of UK waste composition and CO2 emissions that are summarised in the first part; and Jack McGinnis who has been one of the great pioneers of the new waste economy in North America and who has provided invaluable strategic and practical advice. At this end the work has involved many people and friends. I am particularly indebted to Worku Lakew, Nicky Gavron, Deborah Sacks, Alan Watson and Andy Moore, to Tom Bentley, Lindsay Nash and other colleagues at Demos, and to my wife Frances Murray, and daughters Marika and Beth, who exemplify one of the themes of this book, namely the close inter-relation of the formal and informal economies. London June 1999 viii Demos This page is covered by the Demos open access licence. Some rights reserved. Full details of licence conditions are available at www.demos.co.uk/openaccess Preface Around the world, the natural environment is becoming a primary driver of political action arid behavioural change. Morally and politi- cally, it is almost impossible to deny the power of Green logic. Population growth and growing resource use have put the basic condi- tions that support our existence at risk, disrupting climate, weather, oceans and food production, and costing ever more in human, eco- nomic and environmental terms. As a result, Green rhetoric is being universally adopted. No politi- cian can publicly deny the importance of environmental action, yet few political systems have delivered the change that most citizens would like to see. Surveys have repeatedly shown that most people feel little sense of agency and surprisingly little trust in governments to deliver real progress. Environment is a classic example of a policy field that infuses all others, where the targets and language are easy to adopt but achieving them is much harder. It requires us to change most of what we do and most of the institutions we rely on,often all at the same time. For governments, this seems even harder in an age of glob- alisation, when their powers are thought to be dwindling in the face of technological change and international capital markets. This book shows how radical environmental progress can be achieved by changing one of our most universal and mundane activi- ties: the way we empty our bins. The solutions it presents are very sim- ple: developing new household habits and using new materials like Demos ix This page is covered by the Demos open access licence. Some rights reserved. Full details of licence conditions are available at www.demos.co.uk/openaccess Creating wealth from waste plastic boxes for doorstep collection. But the systems needed to make it work at the right scale are far more complex. The experience of cre- ating them in practice, which the author and his colleagues have been engaged in for the past three years, provides lessons that extend far beyond waste: to the role of business, the structure of government and the relationship between the local and global economies. Recycling is one of those activities that everybody supports in prin- ciple, but in the UK it has failed to take off.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2016 Maryland Statewide Waste Characterization Study
    NORTHEAST MARYLAND WASTE DISPOSAL AUTHORITY ON BEHALF OF MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2016 MARYLAND STATEWIDE WASTE CHARACTERIZATION STUDY FINAL REPORT July 14, 2017 11875 High Tech Avenue, Suite 150, Orlando, FL (800) 679-9220 www.mswconsultants.com This report was delivered electronically. If it is necessary to print hard copies, please do so on post-consumer recycled paper and recycle. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study would not have been successful without the cooperation and assistance of multiple disposal facilities across the State of Maryland. MSW Consultants would like to thank the following facilities for hosting the field data collection during this project: Appeal Landfill of Calvert County, Cecil County Central Landfill, Charles County Landfill, Forty West Municipal Landfill of Washington County, Garrett County Landfill, Northwest Transfer Station, City of Baltimore, Quarantine Road Landfill, City of Baltimore Northern Landfill of Carroll County, Somerset County Landfill. We would also like to extend our gratitude to the study organizers for their assistance in the organization and data collection for this project: Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE), Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal Authority (NMWDA). NMWDA/Maryland Department of the Environment 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This page intentionally left blank. 2 NMWDA/Maryland Department of the Environment TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................... ES-1 ES 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet Neste Lipa 2
    Revision date: 21/08/2017 Supersedes date: 30/07/2015 SAFETY DATA SHEET NESTE LIPA 2 SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1. Product identifier Product name NESTE LIPA 2 Product number ID 10748 Internal identification 7572 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses Solvent. 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Supplier Neste Markkinointi Oy Keilaranta 21, Espoo, PL 95, FIN-00095 NESTE, FINLAND Tel. +358 10 45811 [email protected] 1.4. Emergency telephone number National emergency telephone +358-9-471 977, +358-9-4711, Poison Information Centre number SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture Classification (EC 1272/2008) Physical hazards Flam. Liq. 2 - H225 Health hazards Eye Irrit. 2 - H319 STOT SE 3 - H336 Asp. Tox. 1 - H304 Environmental hazards Not Classified 2.2. Label elements Pictogram Signal word Danger Hazard statements H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour. H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. H319 Causes serious eye irritation. H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness. 1/9 Revision date: 21/08/2017 Supersedes date: 30/07/2015 NESTE LIPA 2 Precautionary statements P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth.
    [Show full text]
  • Craighead County Regional Solid Waste Management District
    REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR CRAIGHEAD COUNTY REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DISTRICT November 1, 2004 November 1, 2004 CRAIGHEAD COUNTY REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE – Activities Analysis CHAPTER TWO – Action Plan Section 2.101 Overview Section 2.201 Mission Statement A. History B. Current Section 2.202 Executive Summary A. Strategies Section 2.102 Organization and Administration B. Outlook A. District B. Board Section 2.203 Goals C. Staff A. District’s High-Level Goals B. District Plan’s Goal Areas Section 2.103 Revenues and Expenditures 1. Collection A. District 2. Disposal B. County 3. Recycling C. City 4. Waste Reduction 5. Special Materials Section 2.104 Demographics 6. Education and Public Awareness A. Planning Area 7. Other Goals B. Population C. Industry Section 2.204 Goal Areas – Objectives D. Facilities A. Collection E. Haulers B. Disposal F. Volumes C. Recycling G. Flow D. Waste Reduction H. Economic Impact E. Special Materials F. Education and Public Awareness Section 2.105 Current Services G. Other Goals A. Collection B. Disposal Section 2.205 Administrative C. Recycling A. Plan Implementation D. Waste Reduction B. Implementation Timetable E. Special Materials C. Funding and Budgeting F. Education and Public Awareness G. Other Services Section 2.206 Legislative Studies Section 2.207 Appendices A. Administrative Procedures B. By-Laws C. Regulations and Ordinances D. Tables, Charts, Graphs and Maps E. Other Information Regional Solid Waste Management Plan for Craighead County RSWMD 1 November 1, 2004 REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN For the Craighead County Regional Solid Waste Management District PART TWO - CHAPTER ONE — ACTIVITIES ANALYSIS A.C.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas of Gulf States Litter Control Policy and Programs
    EPA 842-R-16-004 December 2016 ATLAS OF GULF STATES LITTER CONTROL POLICY AND PROGRAMS A TRASH FREE WATERS PROGRAM RESOURCE TRASH FREE WATERS PROGRAM U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Atlas of Gulf States - Litter Control Policy and Programs Trash Free Waters Program TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 3 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 THE GULF REGIONAL STRATEGY AND PROJECTS .......................................................................................................... 5 RATIONALE FOR THE GULF ATLAS .......................................................................................................................................... 6 ATLAS INFRASTRUCTURE .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 SEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 STATE-LEVEL PROGRAMS ....................................................................................................... 9 ALABAMA ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Geopave Standard Base
    SAFETY DATA SHEET Product: GeoPave Standard Base Revision: 30/4/2015 ________________________________________________________________________________________Page 1 of 5 SECTION 1: IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY UNDERTAKING 1.1 Product Identifier: Product Name: GeoPave Standard Base 1.2 1.3 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses: Part of a resin system used to bond aggregate to surfaces 1.4 Details of supplier of the safety data sheet Supplier: Adbruf Ltd Gibbs Marsh Trading Estate Stalbridge, Dorset, DT10 2RX Tel: + 44 (0)1963 362640 Fax: + 44 (0)1963 363762 Email: [email protected] Contact Person: David Fennell 1.5 Emergency telephone number Please contact: +44 (0)1963 362640 SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1 Classification: Physical & chemical hazards / Fire and explosion hazards: No Classification under CLP Inhalation: No data available, not thought to be irritating Skin contact: May be mildly irritating Eye contact: Rinse thoroughly with running water and seek medical advice Ingestion: Seek medical advice 2.2 Label elements: This product has no label elements Not identified as a PBT mixture Hazard statements : H303: May be harmful if swallowed H316: Causes mild skin irritation H320: Causes eye irritation H335 May cause respiratory irritation The information contained in the safety data sheet is given in good faith. It is accurate to the best of our knowledge and belief and has been compiled from data on raw materials. The information given in this data sheet does not constitute or replace the user’s own assessment of workplace risk as required by other health and safety legislation.
    [Show full text]
  • The State of Composting in the UK 2003/2004
    The State of Composting in the UK 2003/2004 Report prepared and written by: Rachel Slater (The Open University) Supported by Peter Davies and E. Jane Gilbert (The Composting Association) Acknowledgements: Anne-Marie Bremner, Julian Parfitt and Anne O’Brien (Waste and Resources Action Programme) Nina Sweet (Environment Agency) ISBN: 0-9547797-1-1 THE COMPOSTING ASSOCIATION The State of Composting in the UK 2003/2004 Contents Executive summary 7 1 Policy context 1 1.1 EU Landfill Directive and the UK Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme (LATS) 1 1.2 EU Thematic Strategies on Soil Protection and Waste Prevention and Recycling 2 1.3 National initiatives 2 1.3.1 Recycling and composting targets 2 1.3.2 Composting facilities and the Animal By-Products Regulations 3 1.3.3 Planning guidance 3 1.4 Summary 4 2 Methodology 5 3 Wastes composted 6 3.1 Wastes composted in England,Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland 6 3.2 Household, municipal and commercial wastes composted 8 4 Waste collections 11 4.1 Bring schemes 12 4.2 Kerbside schemes 13 4.3 Typical quantities collected per household 17 5 Composting facilities 19 5.1 Classification of composting facilities 19 5.2 Number of facilities 19 5.3 Facility size and type 21 5.4 Operator type 25 5.5 Process type 27 5.6 Standards 28 5.7 Planning permission and waste management licensing 29 5.8 Mechanical and biological treatment 33 6 Products and market sectors 34 6.1 Product types 34 6.2 Product distribution 35 6.3 Market sectors 36 7 Conclusions 39 Appendix I Glossary 43 Appendix II Local Authority questionnaire
    [Show full text]
  • National Association of Counties Waste Energy Recovery: Renewable Energy from County Landfills Waste Energy Recovery: Renewable Energy from County Landfills
    FEBRUARY 2015 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COUNTIES WASTE ENERGY RECOVERY: RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM COUNTY LANDFILLS WASTE ENERGY RECOVERY: RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM COUNTY LANDFILLS CONTENTS Introduction 1 Solid Waste and Landfills as Sources of Energy 2 Where are Waste and Landfill Energy Harnessed? 3 Why Pursue Waste and Landfill Energy Projects? 4 Potential Challenges 8 Funding Opportunities 8 Conclusion 9 Additional Resources 10 Endnotes 11 February 2015 1 Counties can increase their metal recycling rates by recovering metal during the waste-to-energy process. Source: Shutterstock INTRODUCTION Each year, Americans on average generate nearly 4 38 pounds of trash per person per day, or collectively about 251 million tons per year 1 We recycle about 87 million tons of this waste, for a total recycling rate of around 34 5 percent, but the majority of the waste we produce ends up in county-run landfills across the country 2 Known as municipal solid waste, this trash is composed of a variety of items that people throw away, including food waste, yard clippings, electronics, tires, furniture and more Counties play an important role in the collection and disposal of municipal solid waste, providing regular and efficient waste collection to keep counties safe and sanitary, while ensuring that waste is properly handled at landfills to avoid environmental damage from soil and groundwater contamination The current recycling rate of 34 percent is the highest it has been in the U S since the 1980s, when it was around 10 percent 3 Through efforts including
    [Show full text]
  • Kent County Council Waste Management Responsibility for Waste
    Kent County Council Waste Management Responsibility for Waste Guidance document for Parish Councils, Town Councils, Community Groups & Volunteers September 2019 1 kent.gov.uk This document can be made available in other formats or languages. To request this, please email [email protected] or telephone 03000 421553 (text relay service 18001 03000 421553). This number goes to an answer machine, which is monitored during office hours. Or write to: Kent County Council, Diversity & Equality Team Room G37, Sessions House, County Hall, Maidstone, Kent, ME14 1XQ 2 Foreword Kent County Council Waste Management Mission We help people to manage their waste and encourage the use of waste as a resource in synergy with economic and housing growth in Kent 3 Contents Responsibility for Waste Background Information 5 Frequently Asked Questions 6 Process Map for Waste Disposal 8 Legal Obligations 9 Definitions 11 Process Map for Fly Tipping Reporting 13 Conclusion 14 Waste Collection Authority Contacts 15 Quicklinks 16 4 Collection and disposal of waste Background Information Kent County Council (KCC) and District or Borough Councils would like to engage with Parish Councils, Town Councils, Community Groups and Volunteers to provide useful guidance on how to dispose of waste. It is the responsibility of whoever generates waste to make the correct and legal arrangements for its collection and disposal. The methodology is simple and the first point of contact should always be your District/Borough Council. District/Borough Councils; Waste Collection Authorities (WCAs) are responsible for collecting household waste from resident’s houses, referred to as kerbside collections. The general and recyclable waste is collected by purpose built refuse vehicles and taken to contracted Disposal Outlet’s managed by KCC; Waste Disposal Authority (WDA).
    [Show full text]
  • CHEROKEE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AUTHORITY (AL) PRELIMINARY OFFICIAL STATEMENT DATED MAY 2, 2017 ____% Tax-Exemptsolidwastedisposalrevenuebonds
    PRELIMINARY OFFICIAL STATEMENT DATED MAY 2, 2017 NEW ISSUE - BOOK ENTRY ONLY NOT RATED Assuming compliance with certain covenants, in the opinion of Waldrep, Stewart & Kendrick., LLC, Birmingham, Alabama, Bond Counsel, under existing laws, regulations, rulings and judicial decisions, interest on the Bonds is excludable from gross income for Federal income tax purposes upon the conditions and subject to the limitations set forth herein, but interest on the Bonds will be treated as a preference item in calculating the federal alternative minimum tax that may be imposed on corporations and individuals. Bond Counsel is further of the opinion that under existing law as presently interpreted, the Bonds and the interest thereon are exempt from taxation under the laws of the State of Alabama (See “TAX EXEMPTION” herein). $6,000,000* CHEROKEE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AUTHORITY (AL) ____% Tax-Exempt Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds (CWI Alabama, LLC Project), Series 2017 Dated: Date of Delivery Price of all Bonds: ____ Due: May 1, 2037 The Bonds are limited obligations of Cherokee Solid Waste Disposal Authority (the “Authority”), and will be issued under and secured by a Mortgage and Trust Indenture dated as of May 1, 2017 (the “Indenture”), from the Authority to Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Bonds will be payable solely from and secured by rental payments to be made pursuant to a Lease Agreement dated as of May 1, 2017 (the “Lease Agreement”) between the Authority and CWI Alabama, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company (the “Company”). There are restrictions on who may purchase the Bonds.
    [Show full text]
  • Litter Strategy for Gloucester City
    LITTER STRATEGY FOR GLOUCESTER CITY CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Role and Implication for the Authority 3.0 Education and Awareness 4.0 Enforcement 5.0 Infrastructure 6.0 Future Plans and Conclusion 1.0 Introduction In April 2017 the Government published its litter strategy as part of a wider environmental pledge to “make ours the first generation to leave the natural environment of England in a better state than we found it”. Nationally it is estimated that street cleansing costs local government almost £1 billion a year. For Gloucester City this figure is in the region of £1.4 million per annum. It is not only the cost which is an issue, litter is unsightly, reduces quality of life, discourages investment and visitors to our city as well as being detrimental to the wider environment as plastic especially, becomes part of the ecosystem, damaging species and ultimately the human population. This strategy aims to tie in with the wider Government strategy and Gloucester City Council’s vision for 2025 which is that the Council, our partners and our residents work together to make Gloucester a City that works for everyone. The strategy provides a broad framework for managing litter in our City in the coming years and is underpinned in the Council plan priorities which states that we will work to create a vibrant and prosperous city, maintain a safe and attractive city, build strong and resilient communities and provide great services that are value for money. 2.0 Role and Implication for the Authority The Government are currently consulting on new legislation regarding the packaging of goods.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting the Future: Evaluating the Potential of Waste Processing Technologies to Contribute to the Solid Waste Authority's
    Meeting the Future: Evaluating the Potential of Waste Processing Technologies to Contribute to the Solid Waste Authority’s System (A White Paper) Prepared for: Solid Waste Authority of Palm Beach County, Florida Prepared by: Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. 8550 Arlington Blvd, Suite 304 Fairfax, VA 22031 1-800-573-5801 Subconsultant to: RCT ENGINEERING, INC. September 2, 2009 Executive Summary Florida began regulating garbage and solid waste as early as 1946 when municipalities were tasked with providing for an “adequate, efficient, and sanitary system of collecting, transporting, and disposing of garbage and rubbish from all buildings and establishments creating garbage or rubbish throughout the municipality.” In 1975, Palm Beach County created their Solid Waste Authority to coordinate the management of solid waste throughout the County. The Palm Beach County Solid Waste Act, as amended, establishes the Solid Waste Authority as the countywide authority for the management of solid waste within Palm Beach County. The SWA operates a system of facilities that combines recycling, composting, converting waste to energy through incineration, and landfilling. In 1976, the “State Resource Recovery and Management Program” was enacted, requiring certain counties and municipalities to adopt and submit for approval a local Resource Recovery and Management Program by July 1, 1979. Guidelines for the Program were enhanced in May 1979, dictating that “local agencies that undertake construction and operation of a material or energy resource recovery facility should guarantee delivery of solid wastes generated within their jurisdiction to insure uninterrupted facility operation.” In 1988, Florida passed the Solid Waste Management Act (SWMA), outlining a framework for state and local actions, including a 30 percent goal for recycling of county waste by the end of 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Benchmarking and Best Practices: Technical Memorandum #2
    Aiming for Zero Waste Plan A Vision for Sustainable Materials Management Benchmarking and Best Practices: Technical Memorandum #2 December 2018 Prepared for the Department of Environmental Protection Montgomery County, Maryland Report Prepared By: Annette Scotto Solid Waste Coordinator Christine Roarke Project Manager Report Reviewed By: John Carlton Solid Waste Program Lead iv Table of Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Selection of Communities and Metrics ................................................................................................ 1 3 Population and Demographics ............................................................................................................ 2 4 Type and Quality of Services Provided ............................................................................................... 4 5 Waste Management Infrastructure .................................................................................................... 21 6 Funding Mechanisms ........................................................................................................................ 24 7 Quantities of Waste Managed ........................................................................................................... 30 8 Recycling and Diversion Rate ........................................................................................................... 31 9 Regulatory Mechanisms
    [Show full text]