Kudzu (Pueraria Montana)

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New Plant Invaders to Watch For Kudzu (Pueraria montana) The Threat: Kudzu is a fast-growing (up to one foot per day) perennial semi-woody vine that forms large masses of vegetation that can smother native plants. Although the above-ground portions of the plant die back during winter, kudzu forms large underground tubers that survive, allowing the plant to regrow in the spring. Kudzu is a serious problem in many southern states and has recently been found in several locations in Massachusetts. Projected climate warming could increase the likelihood of kudzu becoming a serious problem in Massachusetts in the future. Kudzu has three-part compound leaves that are arranged alternately along the stem. A single compound leaf (shown here) is typically about 4 to 6 inches long and 4 inches wide. The undersides of the leaflets are hairy. Flowers are grape scented and reddish purple with yellow at the base of the upper petal. Photo: James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org What to do : Learn to recognize the distinguishing features of kudzu shown in the images on this page. If found, report the finding to Lou Wagner, Mass Audubon Regional Scientist, at 978-927-1122 Extension 2705, or [email protected]. Photo: Forest & Kim Starr, U.S. Geological Survey, Bug- wood.org Photo: Forest & Kim Starr, U.S. Geological Survey, Bugwood.org Fruits are flattened hairy brown pods, 1.5 to 2 inches long. Photo: Ted Bodner, Southern Weed Science Society, Bugwood.org Kudzu forms dense mats of vegetation that climb over and smother other plants. .

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(Pueraria Montana Var. Lobata Willd) in North Carolina
ABSTRACT THORNTON, MELISSA ROSE. Arthopod Fauna Associated With Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata Willd) In North Carolina. (Under the direction of David Orr.) The purpose of this research was to obtain background information to aid the implementation of a biological control program against the weed, kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata Willd). This research had several specific objectives that examined: 1) potential insect pollinators and seed production of kudzu in NC; 2) phytophagous insects and insect herbivory of kudzu foliage, seeds, vines and roots in NC; 3) abundance and diversity of foliar, vine, and root feeding insect communities on kudzu in comparison with those found on soybeans, the closest North American relative of kudzu in the United States. Kudzu is pollinated by native and naturalized insects in NC, in a pattern that varies by flower apparency rather than density. Arthropod herbivory by native generalists almost eliminated kudzu seed viability, while a naturalized Asian specialist consumed a nominal proportion of seeds. These data indicate that seed feeding arthropods would be poor candidates for importation biological control. Kudzu and soybeans shared the same foliar feeding insect communities and levels of defoliation, suggesting that foliage feeders are also poor choices for importation. No kudzu vine or root feeding insects or damage were found during the two years of this study, suggesting that future importation biological control research should focus on such feeders from Asia. ARTHROPOD FAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH KUDZU (PUERARIA MONTANA VAR. LOBATA WILLD) IN NORTH CAROLINA by MELISSA ROSE THORNTON A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY Raleigh 2004 APPROVED BY: ______________________________ ______________________________ Dr.
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1 Taxonomy and Nomenclature 2 Origin in the United States
Kudzu For other uses, see Kudzu (disambiguation). Kudzu (/ˈkʊdzuː/, also called Japanese arrow- Kudzu seedpods are considered to be varieties rather than full species. The morphological differences between them are subtle; they can breed with each other, and it appears that intro- duced kudzu populations in the United States have ances- try from more than one of the species.*[4]*[5] They are: Flowers of Pueraria montana • P. montana root*[1]*[2]) is a group of plants in the genus Pueraria, in • P. lobata (P. montana var. lobata) the pea family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. They are • climbing, coiling, and trailing perennial vines native to P. edulis much of eastern Asia, southeast Asia, and some Pacific • P. phaseoloides Islands.*[2] The name comes from the Japanese name * for the plants, kuzu (クズ or 葛 ?) , which was written • P. thomsonii*[4] (P. montana var. chinensis)*[6] “kudzu”in historical romanizations. Where these plants are naturalized, they can be invasive and are considered • P. tuberosa noxious weeds. The plant climbs over trees or shrubs and grows so rapidly that it kills them by heavy shading.*[3] The plant is edible but often sprayed with herbicides.*[3] 2 Origin in the United States Kudzu was introduced to the United States as an orna- 1 Taxonomy and nomenclature mental bush and an effortless and efficient shade producer at the Philadelphia Continental Exposition in 1876. In The name kudzu describes one or more species in the the 1930s and '40s, the vine was rebranded as a way for genus Pueraria that are closely related, and some of them farmers to stop soil erosion.
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Plant Pest Risk Assessment for Kudzu, Pueraria Montana 2010 (Revised 2013)
Oregon Department of Agriculture Plant Pest Risk Assessment for Kudzu, Pueraria montana 2010 (Revised 2013) Name: Kudzu, Pueraria montana; a.k.a. Japanese arrowroot, porch-vine, telephone vine; Synonym: Pueraria lobata Family: Pea, Fabaceae Findings of This Review and Assessment: Kudzu has been determined to be a category “A” noxious weed as defined by the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) Noxious Weed Policy and Classification System. This determination is based on a literature review and analysis using two ODA evaluation forms. Using the Qualitative Noxious Weed Risk Assessment v.3.8, kudzu scored 63 indicating an A listing and score 17 with the ODA Noxious Weed Rating system, v.3.2. Introduction: Kudzu, Pueraria montana is a fast growing vine native to China and Japan. It was introduced and has become a major pest of the southeastern US where an estimated seven million acres are infested. Kudzu is a federally listed noxious weed and was placed on the ODA Noxious Weed List in 1995. Prior to the Oregon listing, the species was not known to occur in the Pacific Northwest. In1990 an inquiry was received by ODA to approve the importation and use of kudzu for forage. This inquiry prompted a review by ODA and ultimately a quarantine listing of kudzu in 1993 to prevent import, transport, or sale in the state. The first weedy infestation in the Pacific Northwest was found near Aurora, Oregon in 2001 and two additional sites were found in southwest Portland the following year. It was not determined how the plants where introduced, but was most likely intentionally planted as ornamental or for erosion control.
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Exotic Invasive Plants in Kentucky
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Master's Theses Graduate School 2010 EXOTIC INVASIVE PLANTS IN KENTUCKY Yu Liang University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Liang, Yu, "EXOTIC INVASIVE PLANTS IN KENTUCKY" (2010). University of Kentucky Master's Theses. 23. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/23 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF THESIS EXOTIC INVASIVE PLANTS IN KENTUCKY Invasion of exotic species is a significant problem in natural ecosystems, reaching epidemic proportions and resulting in significant economic losses. However, insufficient knowledge of explicit spatial distribution of invasive species hinders our ability to prevent and/or mitigate future invasion. In this study, we demonstrate the use of existing voluntary data to survey invasive plant species in Kentucky. We also reconstructed the historical distribution of 16 exotic invasive plants typical to Kentucky using herbarium records. We found that Kentucky is facing a large threat from exotic invasive plants as they are reported throughout most counties. The distribution maps for four of the top 10 most reported invasive species revealed that Kentucky is presently or was previously a front of invasion. The majority of the 16 targeted invasive species were scattered throughout Kentucky with no concentrations within particular regions.
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Pueraria Montana
Invasive KISC Feasibility Combined Kauai Status HPWRA Impacts Status Score Score Score Pueraria RAPID HIGH RISK NATURALIZED montana RESPONSE (24) 8 7 15 (kudzu) Initial PFC report completed: October 2017 PFC report updated as of: N/A Current Recommendation for KISC: Accept as KISC Target pending scoring rank and committee review Knowledge Gaps and Contingencies: 1) Delimiting surveys surrounding known locations are required to gain knowledge of the extent of clonal populations. 2) Early detection surveys should be conducted in herbarium voucher locations. 3) Outreach efforts are crucial to increase detection by citizens on private land. 4) An assessment of potential control methods, particularly near the Hanalei river, is required. 5) An understanding of partnership roles may increase the likelihood/rate of success. 6) Spread by roadside mowing must be communicated to country roadside maintenance crews. Background Pueraria montana (Fabaceae) or “kudzu”, is a large, clonal, herbaceous vine that has gained infamy in southeastern USA as a noxious weed directly responsible for substantial ecological and economic losses (Sun et al. 2005). Interestingly, P. phaseoloides is listed as a noxious weed by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture while P. montana is not, even though invasive impacts from P. montana are more frequently reported in the literature. The most common variety found in Hawaii and throughout USA is P. montana var. lobata, however, P. montana var. chinensis has also been recorded on Kauai (Imada 2012). These two varieties are hard to differentiate morphologically, and the taxonomy has been confused in the literature such that a number of different names are used to refer to plants invading USA (Sun et al.
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Pueraria Montana Fabaceae
Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. Fabaceae - Papilionoideae LOCAL NAMES English (kudzu,Japanese arrow root); Fijian (yaka,wa yaka,nggariaka); Filipino (tahaunon); French (koudzou); Indonesian (tobi); Lao (Sino- Tibetan) (khauz pied); Thai (phakpeetpe); Vietnamese (c[as]t c[aw]n) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Pueraria Montana is a perennial, woody climber, with stems up to 30 m long and up to 10 cm in diameter, initially grey to brown pubescent, later glabrescent, and with very large oblong tubers up to 2 m long and up to 45 cm in diameter. Leaves alternate, pinnately 3-foliolate; petiole 8-13(-21) cm long, rachis 1.5-7 cm long, both grey to golden-brown hairy, stipules peltate, up to 1.5(- 2.5) cm long; leaflets ovate to orbicular, 8-26 cm x 5-22 cm, lateral leaflets oblique and often somewhat smaller than terminal leaflet, entire to 3- lobed, thinly appressed pubescent, petiolules 4-10 mm, stipels linear to lanceolate, up to 2(-3) cm long. Inflorescence a usually unbranched elongated pseudoraceme up to 35 cm long, with 3 flowers per node, bracts up to 10 mm long, early caducous, bracteoles up to 5 mm long, fairly persistent. Flowers bisexual, short- pedicelled; calyx campanulate with 5 unequal teeth, tube 3-5 mm long, teeth 4-9 mm long; corolla papilionaceous, petals up to 2.5 cm long, purplish to blue or pink, often with a yellow or green spot on vexillum; stamens 10, monadelphous or with one free stamen; ovary superior, elongated, 1-celled. Fruit a flattened oblong pod, 4-13 cm x 0.5-1.5 cm, straight to falcate, with golden-brown hairs, 5-15-seeded.
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Plant Conservation Alliance®S Alien Plant Working Group
FACT SHEET: KUDZU Kudzu Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida Pea family (Fabaceae) NATIVE RANGE Asia DESCRIPTION Kudzu ia a climbing, semi-woody, perennial vine in the pea family. Deciduous leaves are alternate and compound, with three broad leaflets up to 4 inches across. Leaflets may be entire or deeply 2-3 lobed with hairy margins. Individual flowers, about ½ inch long, are purple, highly fragrant and borne in long hanging clusters. Flowering occurs in late summer and is soon followed by production of brown, hairy, flattened, seed pods, each of which contains three to ten hard seeds. ECOLOGICAL THREAT Kudzu kills or degrades other plants by smothering them under a solid blanket of leaves, by girdling woody stems and tree trunks, and by breaking branches or uprooting entire trees and shrubs through the sheer force of its weight. Once established, Kudzu plants grow rapidly, extending as much as 60 feet per season at a rate of about one foot per day. This vigorous vine may extend 32-100 feet in length, with stems ½-4 inches in diameter. Kudzu roots are fleshy, with massive tap roots 7 inches or more in diameter, 6 feet or more in length, and weighing as much as 400 pounds. As many as thirty vines may grow from a single root crown. DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES Kudzu is common throughout most of the southeastern U.S. and has been found as far north as Pennsylvania. HABITAT IN THE UNITED STATES Kudzu grows well under a wide range of conditions and in most soil types.
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Pueraria Montana Var. Lobata - Kudzu, Viña Kudzu (Fabaceae)
PLANTAS ACUÁTICAS LA FLORA INVASORA EN ARAGÓN ● 49 Pueraria montana var. lobata - kudzu, viña kudzu (Fabaceae) No incluida en el Catálogo Nacional de EEI No se conoce naturalizada en Aragón Incluida en el Reglamento UE 1143/2014 Peligrosidad en Aragón: Media Fuente: Wikipedia (©Doctoroftcm) Fuente: Wikipedia (©Forest & Kim Starr) BIOLOGÍA. Enredadera perenne de tallos o ramas fuertes, de aproximadamente 0,6-2,5 cm de diámetro y hasta 30 m de longitud. Pueden crecer hasta 25 cm por día o 18 m por temporada. Hojas con tres foliolos, de 8-20 cm de largo y 5-19 cm de ancho con folíolos ovalados, sin lobular a trilobulados. Hojas de color verde pálido por encima y el envés de color entre verde claro y verde grisáceo. Flores de color morado a azul, que huelen a uva. Los frutos son vainas de color marrón, achatadas, de color café. ECOLOGÍA. Crece en numerosos hábitats, incluidos bosques, plantaciones arbóreas, a lo largo de ríos y ca- rreteras, en los bordes de campos, en campos abandonados, en terraplenes y a lo largo de cercas. A menudo se ve envolviendo árboles, en postes de teléfono y cables, y en vehículos y edificios abandonados. Aunque crece bien en muchos tipos de suelos, incluidos los pobres en nutrientes, arenosos y suelos de arcilla, prefiere suelos francos bien drenados. No le favorecen los suelos muy húmedos, ni con pH alto. ORIGEN E HISTORIA. Se introdujo en Papúa Nueva Guinea, Nueva Caledonia y las áreas circundantes del Oriente en la antigüedad como una fuente importante de alimento antes de que el ñame, el taro y la batata se volvieran dominantes.
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Pueraria Montana
Pueraria montana Pueraria montana is a species of plant in the botanical family Fabaceae. At least three sub-species (alternatively called varieties) are known. It is closely related to other species in the genus Pueraria (P. edulis and P. phase- oloides) and the common name kudzu is used for all of these species and hybrids between them. The morpholog- ical differences between them are subtle, they can breed with each other, and it appears that introduced kudzu populations in the United States have ancestry from more than one of the species.[3][4] 1 Description Close-up on flowers of Pueraria montana var. lobata It is an seasonal climbing plant, growing high where suit- able surfaces (trees, cliffs, walls) are available, and also Kudzu’s primary method of reproduction is asexual growing as ground cover where there are no vertical sur- vegetative spread (cloning) which is aided by the ability to faces. It is a perennial vine with tuberous roots and rope- root wherever a stem is exposed to soil.[7] For sexual re- like, dark brown stems to 20 m (65 ft) long. It grow up to production, kudzu is entirely dependent on pollinators.[7] 20 m per year and can achieve a growth height of 30 m. Although kudzu prefers forest regrowth and edge habitats It has markedly hairy herbaceous stems. with high sun exposure, the plant can survive in full sun Pueraria montana is native to Southeast Asia, primar- or partial shade.[5][7] These attributes of kudzu made it ily subtropical and temperate regions of China, Japan, attractive as an ornamental plant for shading
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Pueraria Montana (Lour.) Merr
Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. Common Names: Kudzu, Japanese arrowroot, acha, aka, nepalem, wa yaka (12). Etymology: The generic name Pueraria is in recognition of an 18th century Swiss botanist, Marc Nicolas Puerari. The occasionally applied varietal name lobata is derived from the Greek lobos, referring to the lobed leaflets (2). Botanical synonyms (8): Dolichos hirsutus Thunb. Dolichos lobatus Willd. (basionym) Neustanthus chinensis Benth. Pachyrhizus thunbergianus Siebold & Zucc. Pueraria hirsuta (Thunb.) Matsum. Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Pueraria lobata var. chinensis (Benth.) Ohwi Pueraria pseudohirsuta Tang & F. T. Wang, Pueraria thunbergiana (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth. Pueraria triloba (Houtt.) Makino FAMILY: Fabaceae (the pea family) Quick Notable Features: ¬ pubescent trifoliate leaves ¬ bright red-pink flowers in tall racemes ¬ leaflets with broad basal lobes ¬ plant climbing with apical coiling, no specialized tendrils Plant Height: Grows up to 30m in stem length (2). Subspecies/varieties recognized: Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. thomsonii (Benth.) Wiersema ex D.B.Ward Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. M. Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep Most Likely Confused with: Other members of the Fabaceae such as Strophostyles helvula, Pisum spp, Amphicarpaea bracteata, Wisteria spp., Apios americana, and Desmodium spp. It might also be confused with Toxicodendron radicans, poison ivy. Habitat Preference: Kudzu has the ability to grow in a wide variety of sunny places: along highways, 1 riversides, fencerows, even in forest interiors. It has been photographed numerous times growing over old houses and barns, cars, and old farm equipment. It seems to do best on deep loamy soil and does not do well in very wet areas. It is not eradicated easily; however, it is reported that it does not do well under heavy grazing (2).
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KUDZU Pueraria Montana Var. Lobata
New Invasive Plants of the Midwest Fact Sheet KUDZU Pueraria montana var. lobata Description: Kudzu is a semiwoody, perennial vine that can climb 30-90 feet. The leaves are alternate and compound with 3 unlobed to deeply lobed leaflets that are hairy beneath and up to 4 inches wide. Flowers are purple and pea-like, and they grow from leaf axils in long hanging clusters that bloom in late summer. Seedpods are brown, flattened, and hairy. Native range: Across Asia (http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/pumo1.htm) Ecological threat: This plant threatens forest edges, woodlands, and savannas. Kudzu kills or degrades other plants by smothering them under a solid blanket of leaves, by girdling woody stems and tree trunks, and by breaking branches or uprooting entire trees and shrubs through the sheer force of its weight. Once established, Kudzu plants grow rapidly, extending as much as 60 feet per season at a rate of about one foot per day. (http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/pumo1.htm) Current North American Range: Kudzu is currently observed throughout Missouri, Illinois and Indiana, southern Iowa and Ohio, and in patches of Michigan. Early Detection and Rapid Response Can Help Stop the Spread! KUDZU, Pueraria montana var. lobata MANAGEMENT OPTIONS: (http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/pumo1.htm) For successful long term control of kudzu, the extensive root system must be destroyed. Any re- maining root crowns can lead to reinfestation of an area. Mechanical methods This involves cutting vines just above ground level and destroying all cut material. Close mowing every month for two growing seasons or repeated cultivation may be effective.
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GISP Unit 5 FINAL EDIT 1.14.07
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