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The Notion of Religion in Election Manifestos of Populist and Nationalist Parties in Germany and the Netherlands
religions Article Religion, Populism and Politics: The Notion of Religion in Election Manifestos of Populist and Nationalist Parties in Germany and The Netherlands Leon van den Broeke 1,2,* and Katharina Kunter 3,* 1 Faculty of Religion and Theology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 Department of the Centre for Church and Mission in the West, Theological University, 8261 GS Kampen, The Netherlands 3 Faculty of Theology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.v.d.B.); katharina.kunter@helsinki.fi (K.K.) Abstract: This article is about the way that the notion of religion is understood and used in election manifestos of populist and nationalist right-wing political parties in Germany and the Netherlands between 2002 and 2021. In order to pursue such enquiry, a discourse on the nature of manifestos of political parties in general and election manifestos specifically is required. Election manifestos are important socio-scientific and historical sources. The central question that this article poses is how the notion of religion is included in the election manifestos of three Dutch (LPF, PVV, and FvD) and one German (AfD) populist and nationalist parties, and what this inclusion reveals about the connection between religion and populist parties. Religious keywords in the election manifestos of said political parties are researched and discussed. It leads to the conclusion that the notion of religion is not central to these political parties, unless it is framed as a stand against Islam. Therefore, these parties defend Citation: van den Broeke, Leon, and the Jewish-Christian-humanistic nature of the country encompassing the separation of ‘church’ or Katharina Kunter. -
ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions. -
State of Populism in Europe
2018 State of Populism in Europe The past few years have seen a surge in the public support of populist, Eurosceptical and radical parties throughout almost the entire European Union. In several countries, their popularity matches or even exceeds the level of public support of the centre-left. Even though the centre-left parties, think tanks and researchers are aware of this challenge, there is still more OF POPULISM IN EUROPE – 2018 STATE that could be done in this fi eld. There is occasional research on individual populist parties in some countries, but there is no regular overview – updated every year – how the popularity of populist parties changes in the EU Member States, where new parties appear and old ones disappear. That is the reason why FEPS and Policy Solutions have launched this series of yearbooks, entitled “State of Populism in Europe”. *** FEPS is the fi rst progressive political foundation established at the European level. Created in 2007 and co-fi nanced by the European Parliament, it aims at establishing an intellectual crossroad between social democracy and the European project. Policy Solutions is a progressive political research institute based in Budapest. Among the pre-eminent areas of its research are the investigation of how the quality of democracy evolves, the analysis of factors driving populism, and election research. Contributors : Tamás BOROS, Maria FREITAS, Gergely LAKI, Ernst STETTER STATE OF POPULISM Tamás BOROS IN EUROPE Maria FREITAS • This book is edited by FEPS with the fi nancial support of the European -
Public Investment Management
Report No. 76310-MD Moldova Public Expenditure Review Capital Expenditures: Making Public Investment Work for Public Disclosure Authorized Competitiveness and Inclusive Growth in Moldova June 2013 Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit Europe and Central Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized CURRENCY AND EQUIVALENT UNITS (Exchange Rate as of June 1, 2013) Currency Unit = Moldovan Lei USD 1.00 = 12.52 MDL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Metric System ABBREVIATIONS AIPA Agency for Interventions and Payments LTIS Land Transport Infrastructure Strategy in Agriculture CAP Common Agricultural Policy MDG Millennium Development Goal CID Capital Investment Division MoF Ministry of Finance CPA Central Public Authorities MTBF Medium-Term Budget Framework CPI Consumer Price Index NANFA Net Acquisition of Nonfinancial Assets DCFTA Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade NBM National Bank of Moldova Agreement DFID Department for International NBS National Bureau of Statistics Development DSA Debt Sustainability Analysis NDS National Development Strategy EC European Commission NPL Non-Performing Loans ECA Europe and Central Asia OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development EFA-FTI Education for All –Fast Track Initiative PEFA Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability ENPARD European Neighborhood Program for PER Public Expenditure Review Agriculture and Rural Development EU European Union PFM Public Finance Management EUWI European Water Initiative PIM -
The Road to Nexit a Look Into Dutch Euroscepticism
The road to Nexit A look into Dutch Euroscepticism FINAL EXAM PROJECT 8 June 2018 Sofyan El Bouchtili Sofyan EL Bouchtili Europe in the World 2017-2018 Examiner: Asbjørn Jørgensen Final Exam Project 8 June 2018 Table of Contents ON THE ROAD TO NEXIT (25.079 CHARACTERS)……………………………………………………………………………….3 REFLECTION REPORT (17.760 CHARACTERS)……………………………………………………………………………………17 SOURCE LIST .............................................................................................................................. 24 2 Sofyan EL Bouchtili Europe in the World 2017-2018 Examiner: Asbjørn Jørgensen Final Exam Project 8 June 2018 Link to story on Medium: https://medium.com/@elbouchtili.sofyan/on-the-road-to-nexit-9eac93f9dd48 On the road to Nexit Brexit caused a shock to the process of European integration and has left many Eurosceptic parties with the idea that an exit from the European integration project is possible after all. In the Netherlands a new party is advocating for a Nexit. Forum for Democracy has set its sights on the exit door, but to leave the Union they have another challenge first: convincing the Dutch. Daniel Hannan, British Conservative and Member of the European Parliament, came to speak about ‘Brexit, and the opportunities for the Netherlands’. Photo: Sofyan El Bouchtili “I drank champagne on the morning of the results of the referendum”, says one of the youths as he congratulates British Conservative and Member of the European Parliament Daniel Hannan on Brexit. Brexiteer Daniel Hannan was invited to an event at the Red Hat in Amsterdam on 25 May. The renowned debating center in the heart of the historic center of the city was the venue of choice for Forum for Democracy to talk about ‘Brexit and the opportunities for the Netherlands’. -
Tirana: a City Young and Free
c CASE STUDY TIRANA | CHILD-FRIENDLY DESIGN The once-reclusive former A City Young Communist capital was on a path of chaotic development until it adopted a child-centric and Free urban design that fostered socially inclusive values. Today, this unorthodox approach has helped Tirana bloom into a lively city with a strong sense of civic engagement. TIRANA Toh Ee Ming is a Singaporean journalist covering society, culture and the environment for the South China Morning Post, Associated Press, Southeast Asia Globe and more. CASE STUDY CASE Streets in Tirana used to be overcrowded, polluted and unsafe for children. Image: Wamodo / Alamy Stock Photo 75 The Challenge After decades of isolation under Low-income families living on the a repressive regime, Tirana threw city’s periphery especially struggled open its doors to democracy, free- with the costs of such amenities. market capitalism and freedom of movement after dictator Enver In 2015, Tirana was among Hoxha died in 1985, welcoming Europe’s most polluted capitals, hundreds and thousands of mostly due to heavy traffic migrants into the city. Within a congestion. With an average few years, unsanctioned buildings population age of 27, Tirana’s became common, as informal informal settlements and low quality dwellings and businesses sprang of life threw into relief its city’s up in the Albanian capital. ability to tend to the youngest and most vulnerable. To make matters Public spaces and residential worse, urban sprawl and pollution neighbourhoods were overrun drove many young upwardly mobile with kiosks that doubled as stores, families to emigrate. restaurants and offices, many of which were illegally built. -
1 LIGJVËNËSIT SHQIPTARË NË VITE Viti 1920 Këshilli Kombëtar I
LIGJVËNËSIT SHQIPTARË NË VITE Viti 1920 Këshilli Kombëtar i Lushnjës (Senati) Një dhomë, 37 deputetë 27 mars 1920–20 dhjetor 1920 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 31 janar 1920. Xhemal NAIPI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Dhimitër KACIMBRA Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Lista emërore e senatorëve 1. Abdurrahman Mati 22. Myqerem HAMZARAJ 2. Adem GJINISHI 23. Mytesim KËLLIÇI 3. Adem PEQINI 24. Neki RULI 4. Ahmet RESULI 25. Osman LITA 5. Bajram bej CURRI 26. Qani DISHNICA 6. Bektash CAKRANI 27. Qazim DURMISHI 7. Beqir bej RUSI 28. Qazim KOCULI 8. Dine bej DIBRA 29. Ramiz DACI 9. Dine DEMA 30. Rexhep MITROVICA 10. Dino bej MASHLARA 31. Sabri bej HAFIZ 11. Dhimitër KACIMBRA 32. Sadullah bej TEPELENA 12. Fazlli FRASHËRI 33. Sejfi VLLAMASI 13. Gjergj KOLECI 34. Spiro Jorgo KOLEKA 14. Halim bej ÇELA 35. Spiro PAPA 15. Hilë MOSI 36. Shefqet VËRLACI 16. Hysein VRIONI 37. Thanas ÇIKOZI 17. Irfan bej OHRI 38. Veli bej KRUJA 18. Kiço KOÇI 39. Visarion XHUVANI 19. Kolë THAÇI 40. Xhemal NAIPI 20. Kostaq (Koço) KOTA 41. Xhemal SHKODRA 21. Llambi GOXHAMANI 42. Ymer bej SHIJAKU Viti 1921 Këshilli Kombëtar/Parlamenti Një dhomë, 78 deputetë 21 prill 1921–30 shtator 1923 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 5 prill 1921. Pandeli EVANGJELI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1921) Eshref FRASHËRI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1922–1923) 1 Lista emërore e deputetëve të Këshillit Kombëtar (Lista pasqyron edhe ndryshimet e bëra gjatë legjislaturës.) 1. Abdyl SULA 49. Mehdi FRASHËRI 2. Agathokli GJITONI 50. Mehmet PENGILI 3. Ahmet HASTOPALLI 51. Mehmet PILKU 4. Ahmet RESULI 52. Mithat FRASHËRI 5. -
Country Fact Sheet, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... Français Home Contact Us Help Search canada.gc.ca Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Home Country Fact Sheet DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO April 2007 Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. Table of Contents 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. POLITICAL BACKGROUND 3. POLITICAL PARTIES 4. ARMED GROUPS AND OTHER NON-STATE ACTORS 5. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS ENDNOTES REFERENCES 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Official name Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Geography The Democratic Republic of the Congo is located in Central Africa. It borders the Central African Republic and Sudan to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; and the Republic of the Congo to the northwest. The country has access to the 1 of 26 9/16/2013 4:16 PM Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... Atlantic Ocean through the mouth of the Congo River in the west. The total area of the DRC is 2,345,410 km². -
The Future World Order 1 (In Alphabetical Order)
No 253,254 Year XI/13,14 – 20 February 2018 104,60 RON Bilingual-monthly publication of political analysis Motto:“Opinions are free, but not mandatory” I. L. Caragiale The future world order 1 (in alphabetical order) Adrian CONSTANTINESCU Adrian SEVERIN PhD in international economy and Master Born in March, 1954, he had a remarkable in public international law political ascent after 1989. He was minister of Scientific researcher and head of depart- Foreign Affairs in 1996-1997, deputy in the ment within the World Economy Institute, Romanian Parliament in 1990 and later be- permanent deputy representative and tween 1992-2007. As of the 1st of January, chief negotiator of Romania to GATT/OMC, various oth- 2007, he was elected member of the Europe- an Parliament. He was UN’s special rapporteur for human rights in er positions in diplomacy up to that of Ambassador in the Belarus and PACE member between 1993-2007. Kingdom of Sweden and the Republic of Macedonia. A talented politician who probably did not find the best juncture in order to advance further on a national and European level. Andrei KORTUNOV Director General of the Russian Interna- Anis. H. BAJREKTAREVIĆ tional Affairs Council (RIAC) Prof. (FH) Dr. Anis Bajrektarevic, Acting Deputy Di- Graduated from the Moscow State Institute rector of Studies EXPORT EU-ASEAN-NAFTA Pro- of International Relations (MGIMO) and fessor and Chairperson International Law and Global postgraduate studies at the Institute for US Political Studies University of Applied Sciences IMC- and Canadian Studies, USSR Academy of Krems AUSTRIA Sciences. Holds a Ph.D. -
PROGRAMME DOCUMENT PUBLIC FINANCE for DEVELOPMENT Strengthening Public Finance Capacities in the Western Balkans and Commonweal
PROGRAMME DOCUMENT PUBLIC FINANCE FOR DEVELOPMENT Strengthening Public Finance Capacities in the Western Balkans and Commonwealth of Independent States AMENDMENT no. 1 Programme Number: Total resources required: 800,000 USD Programme Title: Public Finance for Development: Total allocated resources: 800,000 USD Strengthening Public Finance Capacities in the Regular Western Balkans and Commonwealth of Independent States Other: Programme Site: Eastern Europe and CIS - Donor 800,000 USD Source of funds: Ministry of Finance of the Slovak - Government Republic Estimated start date: July 2012 Unfunded budget: Estimated end date: June 2014 In-kind Contributions Agreed by the Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic: Ivan Mikloš, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of the SR Date Agreed by UNDP BRC: Jens Wandel, UNDP Regional Centre Director Date 1 I. Background and situation analysis Public finance for development The successful completion of a public finance reform requires a comprehensive exercise that requires not only legislative changes, but also investments in institutional capacity, human capital and public participation. The connection between public finance and good governance and human development is strong. Good practices in public financial management are critical in combating corruption, alleviating poverty, and guaranteeing an effective use of internal and external government resources. Increased tax revenues and results-based budgeting may also be key variables for enhancing social policy effectiveness. The original Programme document was approved by partners – the Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic (MF SR) and the United Nations Development Programme Bratislava Regional Centre (UNDP BRC) – on 22 June 2009. The initial stage of the Programme implementation was devoted to identification of country’s public finance needs and priorities. -
Supporting the Sustainability and Autonomy of Women's Organizations Providing Services in Eastern Europe for Women and Childre
SUPPORTING THE SUSTAINABILITY AND AUTONOMY OF WOMEN’S ORGANIZATIONS PROVIDING SERVICES IN EASTERN EUROPE FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN SURVIVORS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PROJECT CARRIED OUT BETWEEN JANUARY AND DECEMBER 2014 The report was prepared by the WAVE Team: Marion Lesur, Barbara Stelmaszek, Zeynep Topalan, with contributions from Rosa Logar, Aurora Perego and Maria Rösslhumer. Financial support was provided by the Oak Foundation www.wave-network.org www.oakfnd.org IMPRINT Women against Violence Europe (WAVE) Bacherplatz 10/6, 1050 Vienna, Austria Tel.: +43 (0) 15482720, Fax: +43 (0) 1548272027 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.wave-network.org ZVR: 601608559 The report was prepared by the WAVE team: Marion Lesur, Barbara Stelmaszek, Zeynep Topalan, with contributions from Rosa Logar, Aurora Perego and Maria Rösslhumer Copy editing: Kelly Blank Place and Year of Publication: Vienna, February 2015 The WAVE Team would like to extend sincere thanks and gratitude to the following women’s organizations and WAVE Focal Points for their dedication, cooperation and support in the development of this report. Foundation United Women of Banja Luka – Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgarian Gender Research Foundation – Bulgaria Autonomous Women’s House Zagreb – Croatia SOS Niksic Hotline for Women and Children Victims of Violence – Montenegro Casa Marioarei Association against Violence – Moldova Women’s Law Center – Moldova Autonomous Women’s Center - Serbia This project was funded by the OAK Foundation. www.oakfnd.org 0 Content OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 4 (PART I) VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN – EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES ................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1. Needs of Women Survivors of Violence and Their Children .............................................................. 13 1.2. -
Albania Erion Veliaj, Mayor of Tirana
To: Edi Rama, Prime Minister of Albania Erion Veliaj, Mayor of Tirana CC: Olivér Várhelyi, European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Věra Jourová, European Commission, Vice-President for Values and Transparency Dunja Mijatovic, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights Irene Khan, United Nations Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of freedom of opinion and expression Teresa Ribeiro, OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media 22nd April 2021 The Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) calls on all state bodies in Albania to ensure journalists, media workers and sources are protected and able to work freely The MFRR is alarmed by the recent action targeting media actors and journalistic sources in Albania, which represents a significant threat to the public’s right to know and the ability of journalists to protect their sources. This is not in line with European law and standards and should be addressed in a meaningful manner, across all national and local state institutions. As reported by a number of Albanian media outlets, the Socialist Party allegedly maintained a database which contains the names of 910,000 voters in the Tirana region, along with personal data including employment and family background records. This is an issue of significant public interest ahead of upcoming parliamentary elections. However, on Friday 16th April, Albania’s Special Structure Against Corruption and Organized Crime demanded that Andi Bushati and Armand Shkullaku, owners and editors of Lapsi.al, should hand over a portion of the database they had obtained from a source. When they refused, they were interrogated by representatives of the Special Structure.