Types of Journalism Paper

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Types of Journalism Paper Types of Journalism What even IS journalism? Journalism is the act of distributing reports about events, facts, ideas, and people. The idea is to spread new important information to society quickly. OK, great, but how do people get important news to society? There are so many different ways journalists can make reports! They can write for magazines or newspapers, appear on television news channels, speak on the radio, and put together material for the internet. Journalism on the internet can include YouTube videos, articles, polls, and even memes! There’s really no limit to the way journalists could communicate their information. But why do different news sources seem be more interesting than others? Well, so far we have only asked the question of HOW journalists spread their information. - Print (magazines and newspapers) - Television - Radio - Internet - Can you think of others? But the real way to split journalism up into categories is to look at WHY individual journalists are spreading that particular information. And remember, spreading information is COMMUNICATING. So WHY are journalists communicating a certain way? What do YOU communicate with other people for? ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Just like you, journalists communicate with people for a lot of different reasons. These reasons combined with the various ways of reporting are where we get the names for the different TYPES of journalism. Keep in mind also that there is often a lot of overlap among them. Advocacy journalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ Broadcast journalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ Citizen journalism / participatory journalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ Civic journalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ Data journalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ Drone journalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ Gonzo journalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ Interactive journalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ Investigative journalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ Photojournalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ Sensationalist journalism (aka sensationalism) _____________________________________________________________________________________ Sensor journalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ Tabloid journalism _____________________________________________________________________________________ .
Recommended publications
  • The Discursive Construction of the Gamification of Journalism
    Archived version from NCDOCKS Institutional Repository http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/ The Discursive Construction Of The Gamification Of Journalism By: Tim P. Vos and Gregory P. Perreault Abstract This study explores the discursive, normative construction of gamification within journalism. Rooted in a theory of discursive institutionalism and by analyzing a significant corpus of metajournalistic discourse from 2006 to 2019, the study demonstrates how journalists have negotiated gamification’s place within journalism’s boundaries. The discourse addresses criticism that gamified news is a move toward infotainment and makes the case for gamification as serious journalism anchored in norms of audience engagement. Thus, gamification does not constitute institutional change since it is construed as an extension of existing institutional norms and beliefs. Vos TP, Perreault GP. The discursive construction of the gamification of journalism. Convergence. 2020;26(3):470-485. doi:10.1177/1354856520909542. Publisher version of record available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1354856520909542 Special Issue: Article Convergence: The International Journal of Research into The discursive construction New Media Technologies 2020, Vol. 26(3) 470–485 ª The Author(s) 2020 of the gamification of journalism Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/1354856520909542 journals.sagepub.com/home/con Tim P Vos Michigan State University, USA Gregory P Perreault Appalachian State University, USA Abstract This study explores the discursive, normative construction of gamification within journalism. Rooted in a theory of discursive institutionalism and by analyzing a significant corpus of meta- journalistic discourse from 2006 to 2019, the study demonstrates how journalists have negotiated gamification’s place within journalism’s boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • NGOS As News Organizations
    NGOS as News Organizations Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication NGOS as News Organizations Kate Wright Subject: Communication and Social Change, International/Global Communication, Journalism Studies, Political Communication Online Publication Date: Feb 2019 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.852 Summary and Keywords Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are not-for-profit groups, which are independent of commercial businesses and government agencies. They claim to serve various notions of the public good, including advocacy and service delivery. So the definition of an “NGO” is broad, including many different kinds of organizations, such as aid agencies, human rights, indigenous, feminist and environmental lobby groups. Throughout the 19th and early 20th century, the predecessors of NGOs—pressure groups —tried to advance their cause by cultivating close relations with the mainstream press, and/or publishing their own periodicals. But from the late 20th century onward, many NGOs started routinely producing their own news content, including written text but also photojournalism, video, and sophisticated interactive projects. Some of this material is disseminated through “alternative” outlets, social media and activist hubs. But it is difficult for NGOs to gain a mass audience in these ways, so most major NGOs recruit or commission experienced journalists to carry out this work for them. Much of the research in this area has focused on either journalists’ increased dependence on NGOs, or on the restructuring of NGOs’ resources, priorities and working cultures in accordance with news norms. Most scholars have also focused on the work of international aid agencies and/or human rights organizations, as well as particular kinds of crises, such as famines, hurricanes and conflicts.
    [Show full text]
  • How Did Chinese News Media Frame the US China Trade Talks? a Case Study of People’S Daily and China Daily
    How Did Chinese News Media Frame the US China Trade Talks? A Case Study of People’s Daily and China Daily by Yuanjiao Qi B.Eng., Shandong University, 2017 Extended Essay Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the School of Communication (Dual Degree Program in Global Communication) Faculty of Communication, Art and Technology © Yuanjiao Qi 2019 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2019 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Yuanjiao Qi Degree: Master of Arts Title: How Did Chinese News Media Frame the US China Trade Talks? A Case Study of People’s Daily and China Daily Program Director: Katherine Reilly Ahmed Al-Rawi Senior Supervisor Assistant Professor Katherine Reilly Program Director Associate Professor Date Approved: August 1, 2019 ii Abstract China has a very special media system with unique Chinese characteristics. Chinese media exhibits "Marxist Journalism," features which emphasize party principle as the primary feature. This study investigates and compares online news reports on the websites of two Chinese news media outlets People's Daily and China Daily regarding the US-China trade talks. The goal is to examine how do they frame the US-China trade talk and discuss what factors influenced their framing. The findings are connected to the theoretical discussion on Chinese media system, Marxist journalism and advocacy journalism. This study finds that both People’s Daily and China Daily advocate for the Chinese government and the Party regarding the US-China trade talks, which is deeply influenced by Marxist journalism in the context of Chinese media system.
    [Show full text]
  • Media Strategies in Lobbying Process. a Literature Review on Publications in 2000-2018
    Media strategies in lobbying process. A literature review on publications in 2000-2018. Markus Mykkänen, Ph.D Postdoctoral research fellow Department of Languages and Communication University of Jyväskylä, Finland Pasi Ikonen, MA Project researcher Department of Languages and Communication University of Jyväskylä, Finland Abstract This study examines how the media and journalists are used in lobbying processes. To explore the topic a systematic review of the literature in peer-reviewed journals published between January 2000 to June 2018 was undertaken. The findings of this paper indicate that lobbyists and interest groups engage with a plethora of various strategies and systematic methods when influencing or trying to advocate the work of journalists and media organisations. The findings shed the mystery of lobbyists and interest group’s communicative attempts. This study increases the knowledge of the relationships between journalists and lobbyists in lobbying processes. Based on the literature review, the paper presents a categorised model of media influencing strategies in lobbying process. Keywords: lobbying; advocacy; journalism; literature review; media influencing. Introduction The purpose of lobbying is to change or maintain policies by influencing them through direct or indirect actions (McGrath, 2007). Lobbying has been defined as “influencing political decision making in the interest of a group by communicating with publics relevant to the political process of a certain issue” (Jaatinen, 2000: 22). Also, it has been seen as “stimulation and transmission of a communication” (Milbrath, 1963: 8) and as a communication instrument targeted to political decision-making authorities (Koeppl, 2001). Lobbying is considered an influential and visible feature of every political system around the world (McGrath, 2006) and it can enable “more informed decision making and result in more effective public policies” (OECD, 2009: 18).
    [Show full text]
  • Whither the Civic Journalism Bandwagon?
    Whither the Civic Journalism Bandwagon? by Charlotte Grimes The Joan Shorenstein Center Discussion Paper D-36 PRESS ■ POLITICS February 1999 PUBLIC POLICY Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government Copyright© 1999, President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University 79 John F. Kennedy Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Telephone (617) 495-8269 • Fax: (617) 495-8696 Web Site Address: http://ksgwww.harvard.edu/~presspol/home.htm INTRODUCTION American journalism at the end of the titioners (such as Buzz Merritt) and scholars (such twentieth century finds itself in something of a as Jay Rosen), or of either uncritical celebrations crisis. Even though the population continues to (Arthur Charity’s book, Doing Public Journalism, grow, newspaper circulation is flat. The audi- the first on the subject) or intemperate condem- ences for the nightly news broadcasts have nations of how civic journalism deviates from the shrunk dramatically, while the burgeoning num- longstanding norms and practices of reporters (as bers of all-news television channels seem to be Michael Gartner and others have provided). To be able to have an audience statistically distin- sure, there is much to be skeptical about with guishable from zero only by scandal-mongering civic journalism. The aggressive use of focus and crisis coverage. And while as recently as the groups and surveys of readers and viewers is not 1980s, the public seemed to rate the perfor- so different from what has happened in many mance of the news media more positively than news outlets when the bottom line of huge prof- most other political institutions, poll after poll its displaced a concern with the quality of infor- show disaffection with journalism and journalis- mation.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Best Serve Communities: Reflections on Civic Journalism
    PUBLIC SQUARE PROGRAM How to Best Serve Communities: Reflections on Civic Journalism BY GENEVA OVERHOLSER NOVEMBER 2016 At the Democracy Fund, we believe that creating a stronger future for local news requires us to focus on transforming the relationship between news consumers and news producers. As we develop a new program to support and expand “Engaged Journalism,” we have sought to ensure that our new efforts are informed by the successes and struggles of the past — especially the civic journalism movement of the 1990s. This paper was commissioned for the purposes of understanding that history and what has changed since, so that we will be more likely to succeed today. TOM GLAISYER | PROGRAM DIRECTOR, PUBLIC SQUARE “Want to attract more readers? Try listening to them.” That was the headline on Liz Spayd’s debut as The New York Times’ new public editor.1 That she devoted her first column to the need to pay attention to readers’ views shows how central the idea of engagement has become for journalists. Spayd was building on an emerging trend. Mediashift recently published a series of articles called “Redefining Engagement,” inspired by a conference in Portland last October.2 (They provide a rich trove for anyone seeking to understand the movement.) Consider also: • Conferences are focused on this topic. The ONA London 2016 engagement conference in April examined how audiences discover and interact with the news, and an Engagement Summit in Macon, Georgia, in January that I attended produced this manifesto.3 • Books and reports are being written on the topic. Jake Batsell’s Engaged Journalism: Connecting with Digitally Empowered News Audiences explores how news organizations are experimenting with different approaches.4 In 2015, the same year Batsell’s book was published, a Reuters Institute report looked at engagement and the 2015 UK elections.5 • Universities are exploring the issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Negotiating Freedom of Expression in Public
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+ University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2018 Towards an intersectional model of policy development, advocacy and journalism: Negotiating freedom of expression in public Julie Posetti University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses1 University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Posetti, Julie, Towards an intersectional model of policy development, advocacy and journalism: Negotiating freedom of expression in public, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of the Arts, English and Media, University of Wollongong, 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Civic Journalism and Community Newspapers
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2006 Civic journalism and community newspapers: opportunities for social and civic connections Amy Burroughs Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Mass Communication Commons Recommended Citation Burroughs, Amy, "Civic journalism and community newspapers: opportunities for social and civic connections" (2006). LSU Master's Theses. 3473. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3473 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CIVIC JOURNALISM AND THE COMMUNITY NEWSPAPER: OPPORTUNITIES FOR CIVIC AND SOCIAL CONNECTIONS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Mass Communication in The Manship School of Mass Communication by Amy E. Burroughs B.A. University of North Carolina at Asheville, 1995 December 2006 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS With appreciation to George Flynn, who was instrumental in getting a long-delayed pro- ject on the road to completion; and to Clark Thurmond, who made several observations about community newspapers that appear
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Journalism Studies the Key Concepts
    Digital Journalism Studies The Key Concepts FRANKLIN, Bob and CANTER, Lily <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5708-2420> Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/26994/ This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version FRANKLIN, Bob and CANTER, Lily (2019). Digital Journalism Studies The Key Concepts. Routledge key guides . Routledge. Copyright and re-use policy See http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive http://shura.shu.ac.uk <BOOK-PART><BOOK-PART-META><TITLE>The key concepts</TITLE></BOOK- PART-META></BOOK-PART> <BOOK-PART><BOOK-PART-META><TITLE>Actants</TITLE></BOOK-PART- META> <BODY>In a special issue of the journal Digital Journalism, focused on reconceptualizsing key theoretical changes reflecting the development of Digital Journalism Studies, Seth Lewis and Oscar Westlund seek to clarify the role of what they term the “four A’s” – namely the human actors, non-human technological actants, audiences and the involvement of all three groups in the activities of news production (Lewis and Westlund, 2014). Like Primo and Zago, Lewis and Westlund argue that innovations in computational software require scholars of digital journalism to interrogate not simply who but what is involved in news production and to establish how non-human actants are disrupting established journalism practices (Primo and Zago, 2015: 38). The examples of technological actants
    [Show full text]
  • The Roles of Civic and Traditional Journalism
    UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 12-2011 Comparative and critical analysis: The roles of civic and traditional journalism Kendle Walters University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Community-Based Research Commons, and the Journalism Studies Commons Repository Citation Walters, Kendle, "Comparative and critical analysis: The roles of civic and traditional journalism" (2011). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/3275266 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMPARATIVE AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS: THE ROLES OF CIVIC AND TRADITIONAL JOURNALISM by Kendle Walters University of Nevada, Las Vegas Bachelor of Arts, Communication Studies 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
    [Show full text]
  • The Contextualization of the Watchdog and Civic Journalistic Roles: Reevaluating Journalistic Role Performance in U.S
    The Contextualization of the Watchdog and Civic Journalistic Roles: Reevaluating Journalistic Role Performance in U.S. Newspapers Lea Hellmueller1 Claudia Mellado2 Lindsey Blumell3 Jennifer Huemmer4 Recibido: 2016-08-26 Aprobado por pares: 2016-09-22 Enviado a pares: 2016-09-01 Aceptado: 2016-10-03 DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2016.19.4.6 Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigo Hellmueller, L., Mellado, C., Blumell, L. & Huemmer, J. (2016). The contextualization of the watchdog and civic journalistic roles: Reevaluating journalistic role performance in U.S. newspapers. Palabra Clave, 19(4), 1072-1100. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2016.19.4.6 Abstract This study examines the two dominant U.S. journalism models—the wat- chdog and civic-oriented professional performance—in the aftermath of the economic crises. The study, based on a content analysis of 1,421 news stories published by five national U.S. dailies, measures journalists’ role conception through a content analysis of newspaper articles, examining the concept of journalistic role performance. The findings indicate different contextualizations of the two roles: The civic journalism performance was 1 Texas Tech University. Estados Unidos. [email protected] 2 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso. Chile. [email protected] 3 Texas Tech University. Estados Unidos. [email protected] 4 Texas Tech University. Estados Unidos. [email protected] 1072 The Contextualization of the Watchdog and Civic Journalistic Roles... - Lea Hellmueller and others mostly found in stories dealing with issues such as human rights, demons- trations, and religion. The watchdog model was found in stories dealing with religion as well, but was found more frequently than the civic model in sto- ries covering the government, police and crime.
    [Show full text]
  • JOUR 580.01: Graduate Seminar - Journalism and Society
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Syllabi Course Syllabi Fall 9-1-2000 JOUR 580.01: Graduate Seminar - Journalism and Society Michael Downs University of Montana - Missoula Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/syllabi Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Downs, Michael, "JOUR 580.01: Graduate Seminar - Journalism and Society" (2000). Syllabi. 5190. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/syllabi/5190 This Syllabus is brought to you for free and open access by the Course Syllabi at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Syllabi by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GRADUATE SEMINAR JOURNALISM AND SOCIETY J 580 T 8:10-10 a.m., JOURNALISM 210 Michael Downs (mdowns@sel way.umt.edu) Office: J 303B Phones: 243 -6720 (office) 327 -0207 (home) OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS Journalism dies in a vacuum. Broadcasters need viewers, reporters need readers. But the relationships between the journalist and the audience have always been ambiguous. We are government watchdogs and prying gossips. We reveal injustice, and we are muckrakers. Clark Kent is a reporter, but so is Roland Hedley Jr. of Doonesbury fame. We’re the good guys and the bad guys. >, But who defines what a journalist is? The practitioners? The audience? Or some combination? Society is enjoying and enduring dramatic changes thanks to the rapid proliferation of new media, new technology and new corporate models. How is the journalist to behave in the 21st century? Is it important to hold tight to the old role? If so, how do we do it? If not, what is our new role? Maybe we’ll answer these questions.
    [Show full text]