Jarrow® QUICKReference Guide FORMULAS healthy living through science & education Citicoline Promotes Brain Metabolism*

Citicoline [stabilized CDP Choline (cytidine 5’diphosphocholine)] is a naturally occurring, water soluble, biological compound that is an intermediate for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major constituent of the grey matter of brain tissue (30%).*

PRODUCT CATEGORY Brain

Supplement Facts Who Can Benefit from this Product? Serving Size 1 Capsule Servings Per Container 60 Amount Per Capsule % DV Although anyone can benefit from CDP, it is primarily a Citicoline (Cognizin® Brand) 250 mg * (from stabilized cytidine 5’diphosphocholine) supplement used to improve thinking, learning and memory for * Daily Value not established. older people.* Other Ingredients Cellulose, magnesium stearate (vegetable source), and silicon dioxide. Capsule consists What Distinguishes this Product? of gelatin. 250 mg of Citicoline [stabilized CDP Choline (cytidine No wheat, no gluten, no soy, no dairy, no egg, no fish/shellfish, no nuts/tree nuts. 5’diphosphocholine)] per capsule. Suggested Usage Take 1 to 2 capsules daily with food, or How Does Each Active Ingredient as directed by your qualified health care Function in this Product? consultant. Note Scientific research demonstrates that Citicoline If you have a medical condition, are consumption promotes brain metabolism by pregnant, lactating, or trying to conceive, enhancing the synthesis of acetyl-choline, restoring are under the age of 18, or are taking Citicoline phospholipid content in the brain and affecting medications, consult your health care neuronal membrane excitability and osmolarity practitioner before using this product. (by its effect on the ATP-dependent sodium and potassium pump).*

Cognizin® is a registered trademark of Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd.

ORDERING INFORMATION ORDER CODE: CDP BOTTLE SIZE: 60 CAPSULES

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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The compound has been tested extensively in clinical trials in the Citicoline areas of memory, verbal memory, recognition, recall, and cognitive Nutrition for the Brain abilities.* These are all areas in which membrane permeability, choline and other neurotransmitters are known to be important. Cholinergic The basic building blocks for important neurochemicals, especially compounds and the brain neurons which make use of them play acetylcholine, are less available and less efficiently used by the especially significant roles in learning and memory. Recent studies aging brain. One reason is that the same age-related changes of the have indicated improved visual acuity as well.* vascular system which diminish heart function can negatively affect the blood supply to the brain. Moreover, even the ability of the blood Citicoline is a molecule that consists of cytidine and choline joined to carry and release oxygen is subject to decline.* together. It is almost completely absorbed and equally bioavailable whether given orally or by injection. Once Citicoline is ingested, it Other factors involved in mental decline reflect undesirable general is broken down into its component parts, and these readily cross changes within the body. For instance, the body’s ability to into the brain and central nervous system. Both components are produce the basic energy unit which powers metabolism, adenosine incorporated into the phospholipid fraction of the membrane and triphosphate (ATP), declines over time. Similarly, the brain’s capacity microsomes. Citicoline activates the biosynthesis of structural to metabolize glucose for energy goes down with age.* phospholipids e.g. phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in the neuronal membranes, increases Although the causes of mental decline are diverse, a few basic cerebral metabolism and acts on the concentration of various changes are common to most forms of deterioration which affect the neurotransmitters.* Increased levels of phosphatidylcholine, brain. Reduced synthesis of necessary neurotransmitters, decreased noradrenaline, acetylcholine and dopamine have been demonstrated circulation and diminished cellular efficiency are the enemies of sound in animal trials with the administration of Citicoline.* memory and mental clarity. Somewhat surprisingly, phospholipids can influence all of these areas responsible for brain health.* Why Citicoline? Citicoline for Learning and Memory Researchers have theorized that Citicoline may also be effective in helping brain cells prevent the buildup of different toxins, as well as Phospholipids are the principal components of all cell membranes. enhancing neuronal functions and promoting the production of proper These membranes might be envisioned as internal and external walls levels of neurotransmitters.* These effects reflect not just the impact which are permeable, yet relatively solid and stable in comparison of Citicoline upon the synthesis of acetylcholine, dopamine and with their more fluid core. Within this semifluid core float proteins noradrenaline, but also its indirect impact upon membrane health and which act as switching and control mechanisms for cellular transport through the improved production of phosphatidylcholine processes. The membrane consists of a single layer of cholesterol and phosphatidylserine (PS).* with a layer of phospholipids, and their attached polyunsaturated fatty acids. These supply the building blocks for prostaglandins, It might seem that the obvious way to increase phosphatidylcholine immune components, regulatory signals and other physiologically levels in the brain would be to supplement with phosphatidylcholine important processes. Some phospholipids, primarily the inositols itself. Phosphatidylcholine is a good supplement, but it may not be are especially active in cell signal regulation. The cholines are absorbed as fully as is Citicoline.* preferentially involved in the functioning of various neurotransmitters and in the production of acetylcholine, although they influence other brain mechanisms as well.* References Citicoline: Clinically Supported Available upon request Citicoline (cytidine 5’-diphosphocholine, also called citicoline) is a donor of choline for use in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain. Clinical experiments have shown a reactivation of brain mitochondrial ATPases and the Na+/K+ ATPases when this compound is orally administered. There may also be improvements in the regulation of blood flow and neuroimmune responses in the brain.*

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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