DOCSLIB.ORG

America's Late 19Th Century & Early 20Th Century Pioneers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
America's Late 19Th Century & Early 20Th Century Pioneers Click BELOW to Return to the Web Site. http://bibleexplorers.webs.com/ —Appendix 8 rev. 08/03/2014 THE MODERN PENTECOSTALS —America’s Late 19th Century & Early 20th Century Pioneers FRANK SANFORD founded “The Holy Ghost and Us” Bible School and a religious settlement known as “Shiloh” in late 19th Century Maine. Part of the Fire-Baptized Holiness movement, “Shiloh” is reported to have been an abusive cult center. The following quote is from Wikipedia.com: “...Sandford—who had identified himself with the biblical Elijah and David —was convicted of manslaughter in 1911 and served seven years in a federal penitentiary.” There were also multiple charges of abuse against other Shiloh members. Most of what is written about CHARLES FOX PARHAM suggests that he was the U.S. pioneer of modern pentecostal doctrines and practices. Further research into the historical record reveals a very different story: Parham modeled his Topeka, Kansas Bible School after Frank Sandford’s “The Holy Ghost and Us” Bible School, in Maine. He first heard “‘tongue’-talking” when Sandford's students emerged from the school's Prayer Towers during his visit to Shiloh in the summer of 1900: http://www.fullnet.net/np/archives/cyberj/hunter.html. He studied for at least six weeks at Shiloh. After his studies, he and Sanford went together on an evangelism tour through Canada: http://www.fwselijah.com and http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~jkh8x/soc257/nrms/AofGod.html The much lauded co-founder of the Assemblies of God, Parham was also a member of the KKK. He was the bitter enemy of the Azusa Street Mission and its African-American founder, William J. Seymour, below. After trying unsuccessfully to take over the Azusa Street Revival, he left in a huff to start his own pentecostal mission nearby. It quickly fizzled. Soon after that, he was arrested and charged with sexual molestation of several young boys. The charges against him were dropped, though: Some claim the boys all refused to testify. Most writers insist that, on January 1, 1901, AGNES OZMAN became the first U.S. resident ever documented to have spoken, supernaturally, in a supposed known tongue. That language is said to have been perfect German. I have found nothing at all to indicate exactly how Parham and/or his other students might have concluded that. Maybe it had just “sounded” German. At least one other report insists that Miss Ozman spoke, not in German, but in fluent Chinese and that, for days afterward, she also wrote fluently in the Chinese language. Who knows? This photo of Miss Ozman was taken in 1937, the year of her death. The newspaper clipping in which it appeared said this: “Agnes Ozman was the first to speak in tongues at Charles Parham’s Bible School in Topeka Kansas.” Most of what is written about Miss Ozman tends to confirm that. But our further digging into the historical record has revealed new insight: There is strong evidence to suggest that Miss Ozman had also known the Maine cult leader, Frank Sandford, above: She named [A.B.] Simpson and his colleague, Steven Merritt as two of her more esteemed spiritual teachers. Interestingly, Steven Merritt is credited with leading Frank Sandford to his understanding and acceptance of the Holy Spirit. —Charles W. Nienkirchen’s A. B. Simpson and the Pentecostal Movement, p.31,32: http://www.fwselijah.com//Parham In 1905, WILLIAM J. SEYMOUR enrolled as a student in a six-week Bible school that Charles Fox Parham agreed to bring to Houston, at the behest of the female pastor of a holiness church, there. Because of Seymour’s race, Parham insisted that he always sit in the hallway. Seymour went on to found the famed Azusa Street Mission in 1906, in a poverty-stricken Los Angeles neighborhood. Seymour quickly became disillusioned with white “tongue”-talkers. All of them left, many to start their own pentecostal churches. One of those churches – the Assemblies of God, co-founded by Charles Fox Parham – was to become the world’s largest pentecostal denomination. The Azusa Street mission and its fiery revival slowed to a nearly all black simmer and then faded into complete oblivion. His question was valid: How can and why would the Holy Ghost speak through people who hate other Christians? He doubted the validity of their “tongues.” Seems to me his doubting was fully justified. I cannot help but wonder, though, if Seymour ever studied to learn what the Bible specifically says about “tongues.” You may wonder, too, whether he ever read those strong warnings at 1 Timothy 4:1 and 1 John 4:1 about the seducing spirits that can evoke the same euphoria and “warm fuzzies” that, arguably, most Christians associate with The Holy Spirit. If so, shouldn’t he have known that those seducing spirits were the driving force behind his flash-in-the-pan Azusa Street Revival? Copyright © 2014 Bible Explorers Club, LLC —All Rights Reserved. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “Prayer-Tongues” in Corinth?
    8. WHAT ABOUT THE “PRAYER-TONGUES” IN CORINTH? ​ THE CASE FOR SPEAKING IN UNKNOWN TONGUES ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ www.thebiblejesus.com aving looked at the three historic occasions in the Book of Acts when “tongues” were H ​ ​ us​ed to advance the Gospel of Christ in the world, we now come to exceedingly muddy waters! We are going to ask the question: What About the “Prayer-Tongues” in Corinth? ​ Those who believe the “tongues” in First Corinthians chapters 12 - 14 are “ecstatic ​ ​ utterances” with no recognisable language components of grammar and syntax, must explain that these “prayer tongues” are essentially a very different kind of language to what we have in Acts chapters 2, 10 and 19. ​ ​ ​ Recall that the Spirit-inspired “tongues” in Acts were languages always understood by an ​ ​ audience. Interpretation of the languages in Acts is not indicated as ever needed, for they ​ ​ were languages understood and addressed to men in the context of preaching the Gospel. ​ ​ It was always Tongues and Prophecy --- languages for preaching the Good News. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Can it be demonstrated then, that when we come to the “gift of tongues” at Corinth we meet a different genre altogether --- that of “unknown tongues” (as per KJV) ? If the ​ ​ ​ ​ modern practice of “speaking in unknown tongues” is to be justified, the case must be ​ ​ made that the various kinds of tongues (12: 10) are valid “heavenly tongues”. ​ ​ MY METHOD Before we get in earnest, I need to lay out how I am going to approach this hot-potato subject. It would literally take me an entire book to adequately deal with every aspect of the matter.
    [Show full text]
  • Speaking in Tongues the Initial Physical Evidence of the Baptism in the Holy Spirit
    Speaking in Tongues The Initial Physical Evidence of the Baptism in the Holy Spirit By: A. Reuben Hartwick The Assemblies of God Constitution and Bylaws, Article V, Statement of Fundamental Truths, reads as follows: Paragraph 7: The Baptism in the Holy Ghost All believers are entitled to and should ardently expect and earnestly seek the promise of the Father, the baptism in the Holy Ghost and fire, according to the command of our Lord Jesus Christ.This was the normal experience of all in the early Christian church. With it comes the enduement of power for life and service, the bestowment of the gifts and their uses in the work of the ministry (Luke 24:49; Acts 1:4,8; 1 Corinthians l2:1-3l). This experience is distinct from and subsequent to the experience of the new birth (Acts 8:12-l 7; 10:44-46; 15:7-9). With the baptism in the Holy Ghost come such experiences as an over-owing fullness of the Spirit (John 7:37-39; Acts 4:8), a deepened reverence for God (Acts 2:43; Hebrews 12:28), an intensified consecration to God and dedication to His work (Acts 2:42), and a more ac- tive love for Christ, for His Word, and for the lost (Mark 16:20). Paragraph 8: The Initial Physical Evidence of the Baptism in the Holy Ghost The baptism of believers in the Holy Ghost is witnessed by the initial physical sign of speaking with other tongues as the Spirit of God gives them utterance (Acts 2:4).
    [Show full text]
  • PP Autumn 10.Indd
    Rhetoric, Religion, and Authority: Pentecostal Holiness Women Preachers Speaking Truth Kristen Dayle Welch Introduction In the second chapter of his book, Dan described the conver- sion he experienced before making the trip to Indian Territory As a scholar of rhetoric and as a Pentecostal Christian, I notice in 1891. In 1889, Dan walked three miles to a Methodist church that, although rhetoric and religion embody quite different theo- in his “homemade suit” and no shoes.3 There, he made his com- retical perspectives, rhetoric, religion, and gender collide when mitment to Christ at the altar, his uncle John York’s hand on his we examine who is given the authority to speak and who is be- head. Shortly before the move to Indian Territory, he was told he lieved within the church. “could not keep his religion out t h e re .” Such a warning was un- It is truly remarkable that the women preachers in the Inter- derstandable to those who were familiar with the place. As Naz- national Pentecostal Holiness Church (IPHC) have been permit- arene Pentecostal preacher and self-proclaimed historian C. B. ted to speak authoritatively in their role as truth-speakers from as Jernigan wrote in his history of the Holiness movement, around early as the late nineteenth century through the present day. Even 1897 Indian Territory was “owned, but unallotted by the Indians,” more remarkable is the fact that women preachers were able to leased mostly to “cattle men,” as well as owned by farmers living claim and exercise the right to preach even before 1907 in what in its rich valleys.4 Residents lived in dugouts and log cabins, just was known as Indian Territory (now known as Oklahoma).
    [Show full text]
  • The Holy Spirit: When, Where, How?
    The Holy Spirit: When, Where, How? The Holy Spirit & Spiritual Gifts Series The Holy Spirit: When, Where, How? Charles Fox Parham (1873-1929) Established Bethel Bible College in Topeka, Kansas in October 1900 2 The Holy Spirit: When, Where, How? “Parham and students conducted a watch night service on 31 Dec 1900 which was to continue into the new year. In this service, a student named Agnes N. Ozman requested Parham to lay hands on her and pray for her to be baptized with the Holy Ghost with the evidence of speaking in tongues.” Vinson Synan, The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition: Charismatic Movements in the 20th century . Eerdmans, 1997. p. 91. 3 The Holy Spirit: When, Where, How? “It was after midnight and the first day of the 20th century when Miss Ozman reportedly began “speaking in the Chinese language” while a halo seemed to surround her head and face.” Following this experience, Ozman was unable to speak in English for three days, and when she tried to communicate by writing, she invariably wrote in Chinese characters.” Vinson Synan, The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition: Charismatic Movements in the 20th century . Eerdmans, 1997. p. 91. 4 The Holy Spirit: When, Where, How? “This event is commonly regarded as the beginning of the modern Pentecostal movement in America.” Vinson Synan, The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition: Charismatic Movements in the 20th century . Eerdmans, 1997. p. 91. 5 “As Told By The Late Charles F. Parham Re-printed in The Apostolic Faith - April 1951” “ Sister Agnes N. Ozman, (now LaBerge) asked that hands might be laid upon her to receive the Holy Spirit as she hoped to go to foreign fields.
    [Show full text]
  • A Pamphlet Put out by the Topeka
    A pamphlet put out by the Topeka Commercial Club just before WWI lauds the capital as a “thriving, progressive, prosperous city, where life is worth the effort and where human endeavor is abundantly rewarded.” The city’s successes were hard on certain of its residents, however, and their needs became the focus of the ministries of two of Topeka’s early residents—Charles Monroe Sheldon and Charles Fox Parham. Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 32 (Summer 2009): 106–23 106 KANSAS HISTORY CH ARLES M. SH ELDON AND CH ARLES F. PAR H A M Adapting Christianity to the Challenges of the American West by Alan F. Bearman and Jennifer L. Mills he annals of American religious history are filled with energetic, creative, and seemingly larger than life characters. These figures were shaped not only by their individual dispositions and creeds, but also by the places where they proselytized. Geography, then, plays an important role in understanding American Christianity in the twentieth century.1 Two of America’s most important contributions to the history of Christianity—the Social Gospel and Pentecostalism—have significant ties to Topeka through the work of two of its early residents, Charles Monroe Sheldon and TCharles Fox Parham. Yet, the Kansas roots of these manifestations of Christianity remain largely unknown. Specialists in American religious history know that Pentecostalism did not begin in Los Angeles on Azusa Street in 1906, but at Stone’s Mansion (or Stone’s Folly) in Topeka, Kansas, on New Year’s Day 1901. Likewise, they know that the minister of Topeka’s Central Congregational Church, Charles M.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the Charismatic Movements a History of The
    A History of the Charismatic Movements CH510 LESSON 07 of 24 Birth of Classical Pentecostalism John D. Hannah, PhD Experience: Distinguished Professor of Historical Theology, Dallas Theological Seminary In a Victorian mansion in Topeka, Kansas, a group of hardy souls braved zero weather in the waning hours of 1900 to pray in a new year and a new century. The meeting lasted well into New Year’s Day, and on that evening, January 1, 1901, hands were laid on a woman, Agnes Ozman, and she began to speak in tongues. What made this occurrence of tongues different from that of the Bryant-Spurling instances or a growing host of others was that it was an answer to her request for the baptism of the Spirit or a baptism in the Holy Ghost. J. Roswell Flower, in his book The History of the Assemblies of God, says to us, “The idea of seeking the baptism of the Holy Spirit with the expectation of speaking in tongues made the Pentecostal movement of the twentieth century.” John Nichols, in his History of the Pentecostal Movement, says this: The importance of these events in Topeka is that for the first time the concept of being baptized or filled with the Holy Spirit was linked to an outward sign, speaking in tongues. Hence, for the Pentecostals the evidence that one was filled with the Holy Spirit is that he will have spoken in tongues. With that as a brief introduction, we begin the story of the Pentecostal movements today or charismatic movements today with an emphasis on the birth of classical Pentecostalism, and that story involves Topeka, Kansas, it involves Charles Fox Parham, it involves Agnes Ozman, and the birth of a third work of grace with an evidence following of the miraculous gift of speaking in tongues.
    [Show full text]
  • Desatando La Verdad De Dios, Un Versículo a La Vez
    Gracia a Vosotros :: desatando la verdad de Dios, un versículo a la vez Tongue Tied, Part 1 Scripture: Acts 2:6–11; Acts 10:46; Acts 19:6 Code: B131009 The following is an excerpt from the preface of the Chinese edition of Charismatic Chaos. It explains the origins and early history of the charismatic movement. With the Strange Fire conference rapidly approaching, we believe it is appropriate to share this material with you. Part one is excerpted below; check back tomorrow for part two. —GTY Staff The charismatic movement began at the start of the twentieth century under the tutelage of Charles Fox Parham. He was an eccentric preacher of dubious moral character who was infatuated with fringe ideas, mysterious phenomena, and an aberrant theology known as Holiness doctrine. The story of Parham’s quest for the gift of tongues is briefly told in chapter 1, but some background on Parham and the events that gave birth to the charismatic movement might be helpful as a way of introducing this new edition of Charismatic Chaos to Chinese readers. In 1900, Mr. Parham founded Bethel Bible College in Topeka, Kansas, specifically to train Holiness missionaries. He believed if his students could recover the Pentecostal gift of tongues, they would be able to take the gospel to all nations without any need to learn languages. He further became convinced that the gift of tongues was the only true sign of Holy Spirit baptism. Soon his fascination with speaking in tongues became an obsession. As the year 1900 drew to a close, Parham urged his students to spend several days in fasting and prayer, seeking the restoration of that apostolic gift.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Recorded Session
    GLOPENT WORLD 2020 “MAPPING GLOBAL PENTECOSTAL ISSUES” Book of Abstracts PRE-RECORDED SESSION Yi Zhigang Glossographia: Its Early Prevalence and Quick Decline in Early Pentecostalism Speaking in tongues is considered by Pentecostals to be the evidence of baptism in the Holy Spirit. Thus, the Pentecostal movement sometimes is called “tongue movement”. However, few Pentecostals today, much less the general public, know that glossographia, writing in tongues, was another spectacular activity that appeared frequently at the inception of the Pentecostal movement and in its early stages. Agnes Ozman’s experience of glossolalia was accompanied by glossographia. Her experience is often viewed as the beginning of the modern Pentecostal movement. The Azusa Street Revival, the catalyst for Pentecostalism, soon spread glossolalia and glossographia as well to the corners of the world. This writing gift subsequently recurred sixty years later during the Catholic Charismatic revival in 1967. Nevertheless, the first instance of glossographia is credited to Mary Campbell of Scotland in 1830. Her experience of the Holy Spirit ignited the Irvingite movement. The decline of glossographia, another activity claimed to be “vicariously inspired by the Holy Spirit,” has rendered Pentecostal historians largely blind to this phenomenon. Glossographia was deemed an “unbiblical practice” and discouraged by early Pentecostal leaders including William Seymour under some circumstance. This fact has deterred Pentecostals from investigating the phenomenon in depth. This paper is presented with the hope that it might fill this deficiency by tracing the precedents and history of glossographia in the Pentecostal movement. William K Kay and Ewen Butler Pentecostal Education: aims and methods There has been very little analysis or discussion of the range of educational activities within Pentecostal churches.
    [Show full text]
  • CLASS 3 - History of Pentecostalism and the Charismatic Renewal (Compiler: Marcia Gillis, Upwardlivingpublications.Com
    CLASS 3 - History of Pentecostalism and the Charismatic Renewal (Compiler: Marcia Gillis, upwardlivingpublications.com. Permission to duplicate, not to sell.) Evangelicals who are Pentecostal or Charismatic In 2013, with an estimated 600 million followers1, Pentecostalism comprised the second largest communion of Christians in the world. Classical Pentecostal denominations include: Assemblies of God, Church of God in Christ, Church of God (Cleveland, TN) and Four Square Gospel Church International. Numerous independent and non-white indigenous churches also consider themselves “Pentecostal,” “Neo-Pentecostal” or “Charismatic.” There are also millions of Catholics who call themselves Charismatics. While Pentecostals hold to basic Christian doctrine, as expressed in the Apostles Creed and Nicene Creed, they share a particular Christian world-view, which includes: An emphasis on a transforming experience of being ‘filled with the Holy Spirit.’ A holistic world-view with God present in all events and causing all things to work together. A belief that knowledge is not limited to the realms of reason and sensory experience. A view of the Bible as a “living book” in which the Holy Spirit is always active While the growth-rate for Western churches has reached a plateau, Pentecostalism worldwide is growing at an exponential rate. The majority of Pentecostals around the world are found among the poor and the working classes, the same socio-economic groups that gave rise to Pentecostalism in North America in the early 20th century.2 The Assemblies of God (AG) is the largest Pentecostal denomination. From 1999 to 2013 the denomination grew from 212,000 to 3,127,857 worldwide. In the U.S., during that time, much of that growth came from immigrants, particularly Hispanics.3 Agnes Ozman On January 1, 1901, a young woman and student of Charles Fox Parham (a former Methodist pastor and holiness teacher), Agnes Ozman received a startling manifestation of the gift of tongues, which made her the first Pentecostal of the 20th Century.
    [Show full text]
  • The Society for Pentecostal Studies
    The Society for Pentecostal Studies COMMEMORATING THIRTY YEARS of ANNUAL MEETINGS 1971–2001 •The Century of the Spirit? •The Rise of Pentecostal Scholarship •Annual Meeting Highlights •Commemorative Membership Directory A majority of the proceeds from the sale of this commemorative book go to the Ithiel Clemmons Fund, which helps minority students participate in the Annual Meetings. © 2001 by the Society for Pentecostal Studies All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without the written permission of the Society, except for brief quotations in critical reviews or articles. Entries in the Membership Directory are for private, academic, and non-commercial use only. They may not be used, by whatever means, as or in a mailing list without the written permission of the Society. The Society for Pentecostal Studies is an international organization of scholars working within the Pentecostal-charismatic tradition. Communicate with the Executive Secretary to learn more about the Society and about joining it, about subscribing to its journal, Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies (ISSN 0272-0965), and about buying additional copies of this book. www.sps-usa.org D. William Faupel, Ph.D. Executive Secretary Society for Pentecostal Studies P.O. Box 23395 Lexington, KY 40523-3395 [email protected] Voice 859.858.2226 / Fax 859.858.2350 Created and edited by Mark E. Roberts The editor acknowledges and thanks the following for their assistance in producing this volume: William Faupel for creating the “Top Religious News Stories” features and encouraging the creation of this book; Dr. William Jernigan, Dean of Learning Resources, home of ORU’s Holy Spirit Research Center; Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Nineteenth-Century References to the Gift of Tongues in Mission-Related Literature and Their Influence on Early Pentecostalism
    [AJPS 9:1 (2006), pp. 99-125] TAKING THE LOGIC “A LITTLE FURTHER”: LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY REFERENCES TO THE GIFT OF TONGUES IN MISSION-RELATED LITERATURE AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON EARLY PENTECOSTALISM Gary B. McGee “The power to acquire a foreign language in such a degree as to make the student a powerful speaker before a native audience is, undoubtedly, ‘a gift of God,’” according to an article entitled “The Gift of Tongues for Missionary Service,” published a decade before Charles Parham and his students at Bethel Bible School in Topeka, Kansas testified to the divine bestowal of at least seventeen languages in January 1901. It cannot be produced by the severest application, and therefore stands upon the same basis as any endowment of a high order. The possession of this gift does not, indeed, exempt the holder from making great efforts, but it facilitates and makes possible the use of a “strange tongue” with oratorical power.1 To the author, achievement of fluency in another language entailed more than the memorization of vocabulary words and the wizardry of pronunciation, it involved some measure of God-given enablement. But how much? The author had barely opened the door for this discussion before he abruptly turned to the problems faced by missionaries in 1 Reprinted from The Christian (U.K.) as “The Gift of Tongues for Missionary Service” in the Illustrated Missionary News, April 1, 1891, p. 58. This article in The Christian came on the heels of the debate discussed in the pages below. It would have been published sometime between January 1890 and March 1891, before it was reprinted in the Illustrated Missionary News.
    [Show full text]
  • Century of Pentecostal Vision J
    F ALL 1999 F ALL 1999 A Century of Pentecostal Vision J. Roswell Flower The Genesis of the Pentecostal Movement . 16 How the 20th-century inauguration of the Spirit encircled the globe and touched millions. Gary B. McGee William J. Seymour and the Azusa Street Revival. 26 The Apostolic Faith Mission and the man who led its revival. A Centur Cordas C. Burnett Eighty-five Years Ago . 36 How an embryonic group of 300 became a powerful, Spirit-filled body of Christians numbering over 30 million worldwide. y of P Richard A. Lewis E.N. Bell—a Voice of Restraint in an Era of entecostal Vision Controversy . 48 What the Assemblies of God’s first general chairman did to shape a fledgling organization into the largest Pentecostal group in the world. Joseph, David, Adele, A Living Pentecostal Legacy . 54 Suzanne Flower A reflection on the life and legacy of J. Roswell and Alice Reynolds Flower—two 20th-century pioneers in the Pentecostal movement. Joyce Lee, Women in the Pentecostal Movement . 60 Glenn Gohr Who were these women whose faithfulness, sacrifice, and dedication influenced the spread of Pentecostalism? George O. Wood Their Last Full Measure . 66 “From these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion.” Randy Hurst A Spirit-Led Mission. .74 What compelled early Pentecostal leaders to obey the Lord’s command to “Go into all the world and preach the gospel”? William W. Menzies Lessons From the Past: What Our History Teaches Us . 84 Will Pentecostals of the new millennium be known for their piety or merely for their power? James K.
    [Show full text]