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Referências Ii REFERÊNCIAS II Of Éden 3ª Edição – Livro 2 www.edenlivros.com.br Permitido Cópia e Distribuição do Livro em PDF! Negado a Alteração do Conteúdo e Cópia Física deste Livro. Vendas pela Editora ou pelo Autor. Mogi Mirim 2.019 www.perse.com.br REFERÊNCIAS II Of Éden 1ª Edição – Livro 2 06/08/2.018 ás 10:12 AM 2ª Edição – Livro 2 21/08/2.018 ás 16:35 PM www.edenlivros.com.br 3ª Edição – Livro 2 16/01/2.019 ás 14:26 PM Mogi Mirim 2.019 www.perse.com.br SUMÁRIO PREFÁCIO ............................................................................................................................ 4 Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta ............................................................................. 5 Alexander Givental ........................................................................................................................ 5 Alexander Grothendieck ............................................................................................................... 6 Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann ............................................................................................ 8 Alfred Lothar Wegener .................................................................................................................. 9 Anaxágoras de Clazômenas ......................................................................................................... 11 Anaximandro ............................................................................................................................... 12 Anaxímenes de Mileto ................................................................................................................ 14 Anders Jonas Ångström ............................................................................................................... 15 Andrei Dmitriyevich Linde ........................................................................................................... 16 André-Marie Ampère .................................................................................................................. 16 Andrew Eben Strominger ............................................................................................................ 17 Antoine Henri Becquerel ............................................................................................................. 18 Apolônio de Tiana ....................................................................................................................... 19 Aristarco de Samos ...................................................................................................................... 21 Aristóteles ................................................................................................................................... 22 Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld ....................................................................................... 25 Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington ....................................................................................................... 29 Arthur Schopenhauer .................................................................................................................. 31 Isidore Auguste Marie François Xavier Comte ............................................................................ 32 Avicena Ou Abū ʿAlī alḤusayn ibn Ou Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā ........................................................... 33 Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro ................................................................................. 34 Barbara McClintock ..................................................................................................................... 35 Bede ............................................................................................................................................ 36 Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren ................................................................................................... 37 Benjamin Franklin........................................................................................................................ 37 Bernard J. Carr ............................................................................................................................. 38 Bernard Julia ................................................................................................................................ 39 Brandon Carter ............................................................................................................................ 39 Referências Bibliográficas ........................................................................................................... 40 CONTATO .......................................................................................................................... 42 4 PREFÁCIO O novo e terceiro livro of Éden, neste livro e nesta série chamada “Referências of Éden” sendo o segundo livro lançado desta série, o escritor indica todas as referências que o levou a criar as suas teorias, “Referências de Física - Química - Matemática - Geografia - Meteorologia - Geologia - Astronomia - Filosofia - Metafísica - Política - Ética - Cosmologia - Educação - Poesia – Teatro - Música - Retórica - Governo - Biologia - Zoologia - Psicologia - Astrofísica - Direito - Citogenética - Linguista - Tradutor - Doutor da Igreja - Invenção - Jornalismo - Ciência - Diplomacia – Filantropia - ", além de outras referências que serão publicadas nesta série de livros. Este, é só o segundo livro de muitos que serão publicados, livros destinados a estudantes, pesquisadores, autodidatas, universitários e profissionais de diversas áreas. Livros que apresentam as criações teóricas de físicos, matemáticos, etc... Determinando esta série de livros, como uma ótima ferramenta de pesquisa para quem deseja se iniciar na área de criação teórica, ou seja, de “Criação de Teorias”, além de ser útil também para diversos profissionais. Éden 06/08/2.018 ás 10:12 AM. 5 Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta Campo(s): Física - Química. Nascimento: 18 de fevereiro de 1745 Ducado de Milão, Itália. Morte: 5 de março de 1827 (82 anos) Reino Lombardo-Vêneto. Avanço(s): Pilha de Volta; Descoberta do Metano; Volt (Em 1881, uma unidade eléctrica fundamental, o volt, foi nomeada em homenagem a Volta); Em 1775 aprimorou o Eletróforo, uma máquina que produz eletricidade estática (Volta é comumente creditado como o inventor dessa máquina que foi de fato inventada três anos antes.); Concluiu que o princípio de excitação residia nos metais; Eletrofisiologia. Obra(s): Livro De vi attractiva ignis electrici ac phaenomenis inde pendentibus foi o seu primeiro livro científico. Observação 1: Apesar da sua genialidade desde jovem, começou a falar somente aos quatro anos de idade. Nota 1: Em honra ao seu trabalho no campo de eletricidade, Napoleão nomeou Volta conde em 1810. Nota 2: Entre o período de 1800 a 1815, após a invenção da pilha, aconteceu uma grande evolução da eletroquímica. Nota 3: A pilha voltaica foi ainda utilizada por outros cientistas, como o médico e fisiologista Luigi Rolando (17731831), que estimulou o cérebro humano, concluindo que partes do órgão eram eletricamente estimuláveis, dando início e abrindo caminho para a área da neurociência. Alexander Givental Campo(s): Matemática. Avanço(s): Conjectura de Arnold-Givental; Trabalha na área de Topologia Simplética, Teoria da Singularidade e suas relações com Teorias de Cordas Topológicas; Forneceu a primeira prova da Conjectura Espelhada para Variedades Tóricas de Calabi-Yau, em particular para Hipersuperfícies Quínticas em P4. Obra(s): Tese "Singularidades de Soluções de Equações de Hamilton- Jacobi em Problemas Variacionais com Restrições de Desigualdade" (1.987). 6 Nota 1: Cox, David A.; Katz, Sheldon (1999), Simetria Espelhada e Geometria Algébrica, Providence, Rhode Island: Sociedade Matemática Americana, ISBN 0821810596. Alexander Grothendieck Campo(s): Matemática. Nascimento: 28 de Março de 1928, em Berlim, na Alemanha. Avanço(s): Especialista na Teoria de Espaços Vectoriais Topológicos; Interessa-se por Álgebra Homológica e Geometria Algébrica; Generalizou o Teorema de Riemann-Roch, hoje conhecido como Teorema de Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch; Dominou a investigação na área de Geometria Algébrica durante praticamente toda a década de 60. Observação 1: Não foi um aluno brilhante e sempre deu preferência à resolução dos problemas que lhe interessavam, desprezando os problemas que lhe eram propostos pelos seus professores. Conseguiu por si construir aquilo que mais tarde percebeu ser a teoria da medida de Lebesgue. Nota 1: Foi um dos primeiros utilizadores da Teoria de Categorias e dos Feixes, aplicando-a à Geometria Algébrica, que resultou na sua Teoria dos Esquemas. Era conhecido pelos seus métodos extremamente abstratos. Nota 2: Para tentar provar algumas das conjecturas de Weil sobre teoria dos números criou ferramentas matemáticas que são hoje, por si, vastas áreas da matemática. Nota 3: Em sua época, preparou e apresentou os textos que são hoje considerados os clássicos da geometria algébrica. Sob a forma de seminários redigiu manualmente todos os fascículos, hoje conhecidos como SGA Seminários Geometria Algébrica e EGA Elementos de Geometria Algébrica. Foi orientador de vários estudantes, em particular Pierre Deligne. Nota 4: No final da década de 60, deixou o IHES e a investigação de topo, quando descobriu que parte do financiamento do instituto provinha de fundos militares. Nota 5: Em 1966 ganhou a “Medalha Fields”, a maior distinção internacional
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