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D:\Documents and Settings\Ana\My Documents\Biserka-Knjiga\Digital CULTURELINK Network of Networks for Research and Cooperation in Cultural Development was established by UNESCO and the Council of Europe in 1989. Focal point of the Network is the Institute for International Relations, Zagreb, Croatia. Members Networks, associations, foundations, institutions and individuals engaged in cultural development and cooperation. Aims of the Network To strengthen communication among its members; to collect, process and disseminate information on culture and cultural development in the world; to encourage joint research projects and cultural cooperation. Philosophy Promotion and support for dialogue, questioning and debating cultural practices and policies for cultural development. Mailing address CULTURELINK/IMO Ul. Lj. F. Vukotinovića 2 P.O. Box 303, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Tel.: +385 1 48 77 460 Fax.: +385 1 48 28 361 E-mail: clink@ irmo.hr URL: http://www.culturelink.hr http://www.culturelink.org Download address http://www.culturelink.org/publics/joint/digital_culture-en.pdf DIGITALCULTURE: THECHANGINGDYNAMICS ThisWorkhasbeenpublishedwiththefinancialsupportoftheUNESCOOfficein Venice-UNESCORegionalBureauforScienceandCultureinEurope. UNESCO-BRESCE The designations employed and the presentation of the material throughout this publication do not imply the expressing of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the UNESCO Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country or territory, city or areaorofitsauthorities,thedelimitationsofitsfrontiersorboundaries. The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarilythoseofUNESCOanddonotcommittheorganisation. DigitalCulture: TheChangingDynamics Editedby AleksandraUzelac BiserkaCvjetièanin InstituteforInternationalRelations Zagreb,2008 CulturelinkJointPublicationsSeriesNo12 Series editor BiserkaCvjetièanin Reviewers DamirBoras ColinMercer NenadPrelog Language editor CharlotteHuntly Coverdesign ArchitectureinDigitalAge Peneziæ and Rogina Architects Printed and bound by M.G.T.d.o.o. Zagreb Publisher InstituteforInternationalRelations Lj.F.Vukotinoviæa2 10000Zagreb,Croatia ©InstituteforInternationalRelations Catalogization-in-Publication (CIP) for this book is available from the National and University Library, Zagreb,number673901. ISBN978-953-6096-46-6 C o n t e n t s FOREWORD .................................. 3 INTRODUCTION Howtounderstanddigitalculture:Digitalculture-aresource foraknowledgesociety? AleksandraUzelac................................ 7 PARTONE DIGITALCULTURE–THENEWSOCIALECOLOGY Newrealities,newpolicies? RobvanKranenburg............................... 25 Mediausers:fromreadershiptoco-creators HelenaPopoviæ andHajrudinHromadiæ .................... 43 Transformationsofculturalproduction,freeculture andthefutureoftheInternet TomislavMedak ................................. 59 Access,piracyandculture:theimplicationsofdigitalization in SoutheasternEurope JakaPrimoracandKrešimirJurlin ....................... 71 Copyrightandthedigitalage:a contradictiointerminis JoostSmiers ................................... 91 PARTTWO CONCEPTUALISINGPOLICIESFORDIGITALCULTURE Challengesforculturalpolicies:theexampleofdigitalculture BiserkaCvjetièanin ............................... 103 Digitalcultureinpolicydocuments:thenational(istic)perception ofculturaldiversity -the caseof Slovenia VesnaÈopiè ................................... 113 I Managingcultureinvirtualrealms:policyprovisions andissues -a Europeanperspective AnauvelaBušnjaand DanielaAngelinaJelinèiæ ............... 127 PARTTHREE CULTURALPRACTICESINTHE DIGITAL TERRITORY Ecologyofthemediaandhyperhumanism HervéFischer .................................. 143 Turningculturalwebsitesinsideout: changesinonlineuserbehaviour, Web2.0andtheissuesfortheculturesector JaneFinnis .................................... 151 Theonlinepowerofusersandmoney:canculturegain? LidiaVarbanova ................................. 167 AglanceattheCubanculturethroughitsculturalportals CarlosA.MásZabala,IdelsisGallardoRodríguez, IndiraIzquierdoRodríguez,RaúlColónRodríguez, YadnaraMartínezFresneda,DunieskaCstañedaVega, YaimaraCamachoGonzález .......................... 181 Authorsinthisvolume ............................. 197 II FOREWORD Foreword Digital culture is a new complex notion: today digital trends are increasingly interloping with the world of culture and arts, involving different aspects of convergence of cultures, media and information technologies, and influencing new forms of communication. The new possibilities created by ICT – global connectivity and the rise of networks – challenge our traditional ways of understanding culture, extending it to digital culture as well. So, culture today should be understood as an open and dynamic process that is based on interactive communication, and we cannot think of it as an enclosed system which makes up a ‘cultural mosaic’ with other similar or diverse cultural systems. The ICT and especially the Internet, has given these interrelations a new dimension, by changing our relation towards knowledge and knowledge society, by intensifying the flow of cultural goods and services, and bycausinganewunderstandingofculturalcreativity. The book entitled Digital Culture: The Changing Dynamics, is the result of discussions among experts, members of the Culturelink Network and IMO’s researchers, in the course of the past few years on the impact of information and communication technologies on culture and the changes that in the context of the information era affect established cultural practices and concepts. The inspiration for producing this book rose from the meeting of experts at the Culturemondo conference, held in Dubrovnik, Croatia in 2006, hosted by Culturelink. Informal debates led to the proposal to unite different approaches, opinions and reflections about the phenomena transforming the world today into one book focusing on digital culture. The papers in this book examine possible shifts in the integration of new technologies and digital culture in the processes of affirming cultural diversity and intercultural communication by presenting different case studies and trend analyses – examining the changes brought about by the new context of the interactive and participatory Internet and the responses of the cultural sector to them, and analysing how cultural policies deal with digital culture. By providing insights into these interrelated aspects, the book is trying to answer the question – can we talk about cultural diversity in the digital domain and what are the current trends? To understand 3 DigitalCulture:TheChangingDynamics the interrelation of the local and the global, the articles in this book analyse existing practices in the digital realm. The SEE context is analysed in one part of this book, thus providing evidence-based research of digital diversity trends and informing culturalpoliciesintheSEEregion. The Introduction aims to give an understanding of digital culture, viewing it from the perspective of a common resource for knowledge society and as a new social ecology that conditions experiences and opportunities of citizens today, where the digital network environment has brought on new practices, possibilities and threats. Part One, entitled Digital Culture – The New Social Ecology, discusses various aspects of digital culture, from its move to the real world: ambient intelligence, to its aspects related to (free) communication: analyzing the social and cultural changes which emerged with the appearance of media technologies, as well as examining how these changes influence the transformations of the mediated public sphere, and considering the social implications of the transformation of the cultural and media production and the way this reflects on issues of copyright regulation. The contributions in Part One try to sketch the development directions digital culture is taking and their impact on the social ecology that we are shaping through building new legislative and institutional structures. Part Two, Conceptualising Policies for Digital Culture, brings contributions that analyze how cultural policies deal with digital culture and new virtual structures such as cultural portals, and look at issues arising from the new relations between real and virtual spheres. In the Part Three, Cultural Practices in the Digital Territory, authors discuss the development of digital structures in the cultural sector, and try to analyze and propose a cultural portals ecology and shed light on the nature of the changes the cultural sector has to take into accountwhendevelopingitsservicesinthevirtualcontext. We thank all experts who participated with their contributions in the making of this book, helping raise numerous questions, offering analysis and thought-experiments, trying to imagine the future of our world. Our gratitude also goes to the UNESCO Venice office, which made possible the publication of this book and the spread of knowledge on digital culture in South East Europe and internationally. This book also benefits from the support received from the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports through the framework of the long-term research project entitled Cultural Diversity, Intercultural Communication and Digital Culture, within which this book hasbeenproduced. TheEditors 4 INTRODUCTION Howtounderstanddigitalculture:Digitalculture-aresourceforaknowledgesociety? Howtounderstanddigitalculture: Digitalculture-aresourceforaknowledgesociety? AleksandraUzelac Today’s
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