Anura: Rhacophoridae), and Description of a Related Species S.D
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(Rhacophoridae, Pseudophilautus) in Sri Lanka
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 132 (2019) 14–24 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Diversification of shrub frogs (Rhacophoridae, Pseudophilautus) in Sri Lanka T – Timing and geographic context ⁎ Madhava Meegaskumburaa,b,1, , Gayani Senevirathnec,1, Kelum Manamendra-Arachchid, ⁎ Rohan Pethiyagodae, James Hankenf, Christopher J. Schneiderg, a College of Forestry, Guangxi Key Lab for Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China b Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka c Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA d Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka e Ichthyology Section, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia f Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA g Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Pseudophilautus comprises an endemic diversification predominantly associated with the wet tropical regions ofSri Ancestral-area reconstruction Lanka that provides an opportunity to examine the effects of geography and historical climate change on diversi- Biogeography fication. Using a time-calibrated multi-gene phylogeny, we analyze the tempo of diversification in thecontextof Ecological opportunity past climate and geography to identify historical drivers of current patterns of diversity and distribution. Molecular Diversification dating suggests that the diversification was seeded by migration across a land-bridge connection from India duringa Molecular dating period of climatic cooling and drying, the Oi-1 glacial maximum around the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Lineage- Speciation through-time plots suggest a gradual and constant rate of diversification, beginning in the Oligocene and extending through the late Miocene and early Pliocene with a slight burst in the Pleistocene. -
Title a New Gliding Frog of the Genus Rhacophorus from Borneo Author(S
Title A New Gliding Frog of the Genus Rhacophorus from Borneo Author(s) Matsui, Masafumi; Shimada, Tomohiko; Sudin, Ahmad Citation Current Herpetology (2013), 32(2): 112-124 Issue Date 2013-08 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/216848 Right © 2013 by The Herpetological Society of Japan Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Current Herpetology 32(2): 112–124, August 2013 doi 10.5358/hsj.32.112 © 2013 by The Herpetological Society of Japan A New Gliding Frog of the Genus Rhacophorus from Borneo 1 2 3 MASAFUMI MATSUI *, TOMOHIKO SHIMADA , AND AHMAD SUDIN 1 Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606–8501, JAPAN 2 Department of Science (Biology), Faculty of Education, Aichi University of Education, 1 Hirosawa, Igaya, Kariya, Aichi 448–8542 JAPAN 3 The School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, MALAYSIA Abstract: A rhacophorid frog from Borneo is divergent genetically and morphologically from Javanese R. reinwardtii, with which it was formerly confused, and is recognized as a distinct species. The frog differs from R. reinwardtii by an immaculate green dorsum and a black posterior thigh surface, which is studded with sky blue spots in the female. Because the frog is also divergent genetically and morphologically from the other congeners recently split from R. reinwardtii, we describe it as a new species, R. borneensis. Key words: New species; MtDNA phylogeny; Rhacophorus reinwardtii; Borneo; Taxonomy INTRODUCTION Ohler and Delorme, 2006) as in many other frogs (e.g., Stuart et al., 2006; Inger et al., The frog genus Rhacophorus Kuhl and Van 2008; Shimada et al., 2011). -
Anura, Rhacophoridae)
Zoologica Scripta Patterns of reproductive-mode evolution in Old World tree frogs (Anura, Rhacophoridae) MADHAVA MEEGASKUMBURA,GAYANI SENEVIRATHNE,S.D.BIJU,SONALI GARG,SUYAMA MEEGASKUMBURA,ROHAN PETHIYAGODA,JAMES HANKEN &CHRISTOPHER J. SCHNEIDER Submitted: 3 December 2014 Meegaskumbura, M., Senevirathne, G., Biju, S. D., Garg, S., Meegaskumbura, S., Pethiya- Accepted: 7 May 2015 goda, R., Hanken, J., Schneider, C. J. (2015). Patterns of reproductive-mode evolution in doi:10.1111/zsc.12121 Old World tree frogs (Anura, Rhacophoridae). —Zoologica Scripta, 00, 000–000. The Old World tree frogs (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with 387 species, display a remarkable diversity of reproductive modes – aquatic breeding, terrestrial gel nesting, terrestrial foam nesting and terrestrial direct development. The evolution of these modes has until now remained poorly studied in the context of recent phylogenies for the clade. Here, we use newly obtained DNA sequences from three nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragments, together with previously published sequence data, to generate a well-resolved phylogeny from which we determine major patterns of reproductive-mode evolution. We show that basal rhacophorids have fully aquatic eggs and larvae. Bayesian ancestral-state reconstruc- tions suggest that terrestrial gel-encapsulated eggs, with early stages of larval development completed within the egg outside of water, are an intermediate stage in the evolution of ter- restrial direct development and foam nesting. The ancestral forms of almost all currently recognized genera (except the fully aquatic basal forms) have a high likelihood of being ter- restrial gel nesters. Direct development and foam nesting each appear to have evolved at least twice within Rhacophoridae, suggesting that reproductive modes are labile and may arise multiple times independently. -
Distribution of Anuran Species in Loboc Watershed of Bohol Island, Philippines
Vol. 3 January 2012Asian Journal of Biodiversity Asian Journal of Biodiversity CHED Accredited Research Journal, Category A Art. #86, pp.126-141 Print ISSN 2094-1519 • Electronic ISSN 2244-0461 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v3i1.86 Distribution of Anuran Species in Loboc Watershed of Bohol Island, Philippines REIZL P. JOSE [email protected] Bohol Island State University, Bilar Campus, Bohol, Philippines +63 928-3285009 Date Submitted: Jan. 8, 2011 Final Revision Accepted: March 14, 2011 Abstract - The Philippines is rich in biodiversity and Bohol Island is among the many places in the country requiring attention for conservation efforts. For this reason, a survey o f anurans was conducted in Loboc Watershed, the forest reserve in the island. Different sampling techniques were used. Three transect lines was established and were positioned perpendicular to water bodies parallel to the existing trails. A 10x10 meter quadrat size was established along each transect line. A visual encounter technique was used along each established quadrat and identification was done using a field guide. Fifteen species of anurans were recorded. One species belongs to families Bufonidae (Bufo marinus) and Megophryidae (Megophryis stejnegeri); two to family Microhylidae (Kalophrynus pleurostigma and Kaluola picta); six family Ranidae (Fejervarya cancrivora, Limnonectes leytensis, Limnonectes magnus, Platymantis guentheri, Playmantis corrugatus, and Rana grandocula) and five Rhacophoridae (Nyctixalus spinosus, Polypedates leucomystax leucomystax, Polypedates leucomystax quadrilineatus, Rhacophorus appendiculatus and Rhacoporus pardalis). The disturbed nature of the area still recorded endemic and threatened species. This suggests that forests and critical habitats in the area need to be protected and conserved. 126 Distribution of Anuran Species in Loboc Watershed.. -
Breeding and Nesting Behaviour of Rhacophorus Frogs Took Active Part in Nest Construction
RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS Breeding and nesting behaviour of The breeding activity of rhacophorids like other an- urans is influenced by the abiotic factors like temperature Rhacophorus maximus (Anura: and rainfall7–9. Certain reproductive behaviour of many Rhacophoridae) in Meghalaya, anuran species like the timing of their calling period are North East India linked to climate10. Vocalization in amphibians is a com- mon component of breading behaviour as male anurans 1, 2 call to advertise their breeding status, defend territory and S. Khongwir *, R. N. K. Hooroo and attract females11. It was observed that Rhacophorus mala- 3 S. K. Dutta baricus produced advertisement calls after three or four 1Department of Zoology, Shillong College, Shillong 793 003, India heavy showers of rain5. Rainfall also fills the pools and 2Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, ponds and provides excellent breeding sites for a number Shillong 793 022, India of anuran species, as there must be some standing water 3Nature Environment and Wildlife Society, Angul 759 123, India for their breeding activity. In this context, the Indian bull 12 13 The present study deals with the breeding and nesting frog, Rana tigerina and Ramanella variegata breed in behaviour of Rhacophorus maximus at Cherrapunjee the temporary rainwater pools; Polypedates maculatus and Mawsynram, Meghalaya, North East India. construct foam nests attached to vegetation either above Breeding activity of R. maximus occurred after the or near the water body4, Chirixalus simus construct foam first few showers of rain and an increase in air tem- nests hanging from grass over temporary water9, and perature. The species breeds sporadically for a short Rhacophorus lateralis construct a purse-like nest over period, which lasts for about 6–8 weeks during March water14. -
Cfreptiles & Amphibians
HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL & AMPHIBIANS15, NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 28(2):189 270–273 • AUG 2021 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FirstFEATURE ARTICLESRecord of Interspecific Amplexus . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: betweenOn the Road to Understandinga Himalayan the Ecology and Conservation of the Toad, Midwest’s Giant Serpent Duttaphrynus ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: himalayanusA Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................ (Bufonidae), and a RobertHimalayan W. Henderson 198 RESEARCH ARTICLES Paa. TheFrog, Texas Horned Lizard Nanorana in Central and Western Texas ....................... vicina Emily Henry, Jason(Dicroglossidae), Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida from ............................................. the BrianWestern J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Himalaya Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, andof Michael India Granatosky 212 CONSERVATION ALERT . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...............................................................................................................................V. Jithin, Sanul Kumar, and Abhijit Das .............................. 220 . More Than Mammals ..................................................................................................................................................................... -
SR 55(4) 42-44.Pdf
FEATURE ARTICLE Oriental fl ying gurnard (Dactyloptera orientalis) Carribean fl ying gurnard (Dactyloptera volitans) Fliers Without Prafulla Kumar Mohanty Four-winged fl ying fi sh Feathers & Damayanti Nayak (Cypselurus californicus) LIGHT is an amazing 2. Flying squid: In the Flying squid accomplishment that evolved (Todarodes pacifi cus), commonly Ffi rst in the insects and was called Japanese fl ying squid, the mantle observed subsequently up to the encloses the visceral mass of the squid, mammalian class. However, the word and has two enlarged lateral fi ns. The ‘fl ying’ brings to mind pictures of birds squid has eight arms and two tentacles only. with suction cups along the backs. But there are many other fl yers other In between the arms sits the mouth, than birds in the animal kingdom who inside the mouth a rasping organ called have mastered the art of being airborne. radula is present. Squids have ink sacs, Japanese fl ying squid Different body structures and peculiar which they use as a defence mechanism organs contribute to the aerodynamic against predators. Membranes are stability of these organisms. Let’s take present between the tentacles. They 40 cm in length respectively. When a look at some of them. can fl y more than 30 m in 3 seconds they leave water for the air, sea birds uniquely utilising their jet-propelled such as frigates, albatrosses, and gulls aerial locomotion. 1. Gliding ant: Gliding ants are liable to attack. Its body lifts above (Cephalotes atrautus) are arboreal ants the surface, it spread its fi ns and taxis 3. -
Breeding of Rhacophorus (Polypedates) Feae
The first breeding of Fea's Treefrog - Rhacophorus feae at the Leningrad Zoo with account of the species. by Anna A. Bagaturova, Mikhail F. Bagaturov (corresponding author, email: [email protected]), “Department of Insectarium and Amphibians”, Leningrad zoo, St. Petersburg, Russia Abstract. The success of first captive breeding of the giant species of rhacophorid arboreal frog Rhacophorus feae in amphibian facility in Leningrad Zoo (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) has been described. Their natural history data, conservation status, threads, natural predators, morphology including size discussion, prophylactic and medication treatment; issues of adopting of wild adult specimens, keeping and captive breeding in zoo’s amphibian facility were described; features of breeding behavior stimulation, foam nest construction, rising of tadpoles and young frogs of other rhacophorids in comparison with hylid treefrogs’ species were discussed. Keywords. Rhacophoridae: Polypedates, Rhacophorus maximus, R. dennysi, R. annamensis, R. orlovi, Kurixalus odontotarsus, R. feae: natural history, conservation status, threads, description, thread pose, Vietnam, Thailand; captive management, adaptation, breeding, nest, tadpoles, froglets, veterinary; feeding, proper housing, Hylidae, captive management, raising; Leningrad Zoo. Genus Rhacophorus H. Kuhl and J.C. van Hasselt, 1822 comprised for over 80 species (Frost, 2011, with later additions). Every year new species of rhacophorid frogs described from the territories of Vietnam, China, Cambodia and other countries of southeastern Asia for last decades (Inger et al, 1999 a, b.; Orlov et al, 2004, 2005 etc, see: References section for others). Some species of Rhacophorus also referred to as Polypedates, Aquixalus and Kurixalus according to different authors (Orlov and Ho, 2005, Fei et al, 2005, Yu et al, 2009, Frost, 2011, etc). -
A New Species of Chirixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Western Myanmar (Burma)
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Volume 54, No. 2, pp. 17–26, 7 figs., 1 table March 14, 2003 A New Species of Chirixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Western Myanmar (Burma) Jeffery A. Wilkinson1,3, Htun Win2, Thin Thin2, Kyi Soe Lwin2, Awan Khwi Shein2, Hla Tun2 1Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118; 2Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division, Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry, Bayintnaung Road, West Gyogone, Insein, Yangon, Myanmar; 3H. T. Harvey & Associates, 3150 Almaden Expressway, Suite 215, San Jose, CA 95118 A new species of the rhacophorid genus Chirixalus is described from western Myanmar. As with other members of Chirixalus, this species possesses a hand in which the two outer fingers oppose the inner fingers. This species differs from other members of this genus by a dorsal pattern of many dark brown spots on a lighter background of the head, trunk, and legs. Chirixalus is a relatively small genus of 13 species from Asia (Frost 2002). Members of this genus closely resemble species of Philautus, except that they possess opposable fingers (Boulenger 1893). Of the 13 species, three are known from Myanmar (Chirixalus doriae, C. nongkhorensis, and C. vittatus). Here, we report a fourth species collected in June of 2001 in western Myanmar near the Bay of Bengal (Fig 1). Specimens are housed in the collection of the Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Myanmar Biodiversity Museum (MBM), and the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM). Museum acronyms follow Leviton et al. -
Rhacophorus Nigropalmatus
EDITOR Ron Skylstad Leaf Litter VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 2 ASSISTANT EDITORS Ed Kowalski 1 FROM THE EDITOR Nathanial Paull 3 EDITORIAL Jason Konopinski 5 FOLIUM 9 AMPHIBIAN HEALTH & NUTRITION LAYOUT Elizabeth Brock FEATURES 12 Herping In Anytown, USA • 15 Further Impressions from Tarapoto: EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Frogs and Art Ron Skylstad 19 When Father Chimborazo Took PROGRAMS DIRECTOR the Frogs Away Brent L. Brock 29 Notes on the Husbandry, Captive Reproduction, and Distinct Juvenile DIRECTOR OF PROJECT SUPPORT Form of Wallace’s Flying Frog, Marcos Osorno Rhacophorus nigropalmatus MISSION STATEMENT 41 Solace of Untouched Wilderness Tree Walkers International supports the protection, conservation, and restoration of wild amphibian populations through hands-on action both locally and internationally. We foster personal relationships between people and nature by providing opportunities for citizens of all ages to become directly involved in global amphibian conservation. Through this involvement, our volunteers become part of a growing and passionate advocacy for the protection and restoration of wild amphibian populations and the environmental on which they depend. COVER Rhacophorus nigropalmatus photo © Michael Ready from the editor When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. - John Muir - Connection. If we have eyes to see it, it’s everywhere: in the roles organisms play in their ecosystems, in the way our habits and decisions impact our environments (for better or worse) and the species that inhabit them, in the amphibians we choose to keep and the systems of trade and collection we inevitably support through our buying habits. This thread of connection, of interrelatedness and influence, is woven throughout this issue of Leaf Litter. -
Age Estimates for a Population of the Indian Tree Frog Polypedates Maculatus (GRAY, 1833) (Anura: Rhacophoridae)
HERPETOZOA 21 (1/2): 31 - 40 31 Wien, 30. Juni 2008 Age estimates for a population of the Indian Tree Frog Polypedates maculatus (GRAY, 1833) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) Altersschätzungen an einer Population des Gefleckten Ruderfrosches Polypedates maculatus (GRAY, 1833) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) PRAVATI K. MAHAPATRA & SUSAMA NAYAK & SUSHIL K. DUTTA KURZFASSUNG Die Arbeit berichtet über die skelettochronologische Abschätzung von Alter und Lebenserwartung sowie des Alters bei Eintritt der Geschlechtsreife bzw. Fortpflanzung bei Polypedates maculatus (GRAY, 1833). Die Auf- sammlung der Frösche (n = 76) erfolgte von Juni bis September in den Jahren 2005 und 2006. Bei jedem Tier wur- den die Kopf-Rumpf-Länge gemessen und die 4. Zehe des linken Hinterbeines unter lokaler Betäubung abgetrennt und in 70 %igem Äthanol fixiert. Acht Tiere aus unterschiedlichen Größenklassen wurden getötet und dienten zur Bestimmung des Reifegrades der Gonaden; an ihnen wurde auch die Histologie der Phalangen- und Langknochen Humerus und Femur untersucht. Nach äußeren und gonadalen Merkmalen wurden drei Gruppen von Fröschen unterschieden - unreife Jungtiere (Gruppe I), geschlechtsreife Männchen und Weibchen (Gruppe II) und Pärchen in Umklammerung (Gruppe III) Die gewonnenen Phalangen- und Langknochen wurden in 10 %iger EDTA ent- kalkt und zur Anfertigung histologischer Schnitte weiterverarbeitet. Ein bis sechs Wachstumsringe, jeder aus einer Wachstumszone und einer Zone verminderten Wachstums (LAG) bestehend, waren bei geschlechtsreifen Fröschen ausgebildet. Da jedes Jahr ein Wachstumsring hinzukommt, ergibt sich bei dieser Froschart in natürlichen Popu- lationen ein Höchstalter von sieben Jahren . Unreife Jungtiere zeigten keine LAGs. Bei Pärchen in Umklam- merung hatten die Individuen eine bis fünf LAGs. Dabei waren die Weibchen immer größer (Kopf-Rumpf-Länge) als ihre Partner, die ihrerseits entweder ebensoalt wie oder jünger als die zugehörigen Weibchen waren. -
ZR-2020-246-Supplementary Materials.Pdf
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Materials and Methods Taxon sampling Our dataset included 13 species of Polypedates (P. otilophus, P. colletti, P. cruciger, P. maculatus, P. pseudocruciger, P. macrotis, P. mutus, P. braueri, P. impresus, P. megacephalus, P. teraiensis, P. leucomystax, and P. discantus). Eight additional species belonging to the genera Feihyla, Ghatixalus, and Taruga, which are closely related to Polypedates (Li et al., 2013), and two outgroup species (Kurixalus idiootocus and Kurixalus banaensis) were also sampled (Supplementary Table S1). The sampling localities covered most distribution areas, including India, Sri Lanka, South China (including Hainan and Taiwan islands), mainland Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, and Bangladesh), Malay Peninsula and associated islands, Sundaland (Borneo, Java, Sumatra, and Sulawesi), Philippine Archipelago, and Japan (Supplementary Figure S1). DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and sequencing Sequences of mitochondrial (12S rRNA, tRNAVal, and 16S rRNA) and nuclear genes (exon 1 of tyrosinase (TYR), exon 1 of rhodopsin (RHOD), proopiomelanocortin (POMC)) from previous studies (Brown et al., 2010; Grosjean et al., 2015; Haas & Das, 2008; Hasan et al., 2014; Hertwig et al., 2013; Kuraishi et al., 2013; Li et al., 2009, 2013; Matsui et al., 2014a, 2014b; Pan et al., 2013; Rujirawan et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2008) were retrieved from GenBank. Candidate DNA fragments, including three mtDNA and three nuclear DNA fragments of 15 individuals from six species, were newly acquired in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from either muscle or liver tissues and initially preserved in 95% ethanol. An Ezup Column Animal Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Sangon Biotech, China) was used for genomic DNA extraction, with minor modifications to the manufacturer’s protocols.