DOCSLIB.ORG

Guidance for Stream Restoration

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Guidance for Stream Restoration United States Department of Agriculture Guidance for Stream Restoration Steven E. Yochum Forest National Stream & Technical Note Service Aquatic Ecology Center TN-102.4 May 2018 Yochum, Steven E. 2018. Guidance for Stream Restoration. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Stream & Aquatic Ecology Center, Technical Note TN-102.4. Fort Collins, CO. Cover Photos: Top-right: Illinois River, North Park, Colorado. Photo by Steven Yochum Bottom-left: Whychus Creek, Oregon. Photo by Paul Powers ABSTRACT A great deal of effort has been devoted to developing guidance for stream restoration. The available resources are diverse, reflecting the wide ranging approaches used and expertise required to develop effective stream restoration projects. To help practitioners sort through the extensive information, this technical note has been developed to provide a guide to the available guidance. The document structure is primarily a series of short literature reviews followed by a hyperlinked reference list for readers to find more information on each topic. The primary topics incorporated into this guidance include general methods, an overview of stream processes and restoration, case studies, data compilation, preliminary assessments, and field data collection. Analysis methods and tools, and planning and design guidance for specific restoration features are also provided. This technical note is a bibliographic repository of information available to assist professionals with the process of planning, analyzing, and designing stream restoration projects. U.S. Forest Service NSAEC TN-102.4 Fort Collins, Colorado Guidance for Stream Restoration & Rehabilitation i of vi May 2018 ADVISORY NOTE Techniques and approaches contained in this technical note are not all-inclusive, nor universally applicable. Designing stream In accordance with Federal civil rights law and restorations and rehabilitations requires U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil appropriate training and experience, especially to rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its identify conditions where various approaches, Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions tools, and techniques are most applicable, as well participating in or administering USDA programs as their limitations for design. Note also that are prohibited from discriminating based on race, product names are included only to show type and color, national origin, religion, sex, gender availability and do not constitute endorsement for identity (including gender expression), sexual their specific use. orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877- 8339. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.h tml and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: [email protected] . USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender. U.S. Forest Service NSAEC TN-102.4 Fort Collins, Colorado Guidance for Stream Restoration & Rehabilitation ii of vi May 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3.2 Planning Process ....................................... 3 This technical note was written by Steven 3.3 Watershed Approach ................................. 4 Yochum, PhD, PE, Hydrologist, U.S. Forest 4. RIPARIAN MANAGEMENT ........................ 5 Service, National Stream and Aquatic Ecology 5. ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT ....................... 6 Center. It is updated annually. The original 6. OVERVIEW of STREAM PROCESSES and document was published by the USDA Natural RESTORATION ................................................. 7 Resources Conservation Service, Colorado State Office, with the initial version (Colorado 7. CASE STUDIES ............................................. 9 Engineering Tech Note 27.1) released in June 8. DATA COMPILATION ............................... 11 2012. 8.1 Data Sources ............................................ 11 Peer review of version TN-102.1 of this USFS 8.1.1 Water Quantity ................................. 11 guidance was performed by Johan Hogervorst, 8.1.2 Water Quality and Sediment ............ 11 USFS Hydrologist; Robert Tanner, USFS 8.1.3 GIS Data and Mapping ..................... 12 Hydrologist; Paul Powers, USFS Aquatic 8.1.4 Climate Data ..................................... 12 Biologist; Brady Dodd, USFS Hydrologist; and 8.1.5 Vegetative Information .................... 12 Robert Gubernick, USFS Geologist. Additional review of this latest version was completed by 8.1.6 Literature .......................................... 13 David Levinson. 8.2 Geographic Information System ............. 13 Peer review of the original NRCS document was 8.3 Historical Information ............................. 13 performed by Rob Sampson, NRCS State 9. PRELIMINARY FIELD ASSESSMENT ..... 14 Conservation Engineer; Barry Southerland, NRCS 9.1 Fundamental Principles ........................... 16 Fluvial Geomorphologist; Brian Bledsoe, CSU Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental 9.1.1 Total and Unit Stream Power ........... 16 Engineering; Terri Sage, NRCS Biologist; and 9.1.2 Shear Stress ...................................... 16 Christine Taliga, NRCS Plant Materials Specialist. 9.1.3 Momentum ....................................... 17 Other individuals have provided comments and 9.1.4 Roughness and Flow Resistance ...... 17 clarifications to the document; all of their 9.1.5 Lane’s Balance ................................. 17 contributions are highly appreciated. Please email 9.2 Stream Channel States and Evolution Steven Yochum with any additional comments or Models ........................................................... 18 suggestions, for inclusion in the next annual 9.3 Stream Classification ............................... 22 update. 9.4 Stream Ecological Valuation (SEV) ........ 23 9.5 Basic Assessment Tools .......................... 23 CONTENTS 10. FIELD DATA COLLECTION ................... 24 10.1 Aquatic Organisms ................................ 24 ABSTRACT ......................................................... i 10.2 Riparian Vegetation ............................... 25 ADVISORY NOTE ............................................ ii 10.3 Topographic Survey Data ...................... 26 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................... iii 10.4 Bankfull Stage Identification................. 28 CONTENTS ....................................................... iii 10.5 Discharge Measurements ...................... 29 FIGURES ........................................................... iv TABLES ............................................................ vi 10.6 Water Quality ........................................ 30 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................... 1 10.7 Bed Material Sampling .......................... 31 2. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ......................... 2 10.8 Sediment Transport Measurements ....... 32 3. GENERAL METHODS .................................. 3 10.9 Groundwater .......................................... 32 3.1 Interdisciplinary Team .............................. 3 U.S. Forest Service NSAEC TN-102.4 Fort Collins, Colorado Guidance for Stream Restoration & Rehabilitation iii of vi May 2018 11. DESIGN APPROACHES and ANALYSES 12.8.3 Bendway Weirs .............................. 72 for STREAM RESTORATION ........................ 33 12.8.4 Spur Dikes ...................................... 72 11.1 Extent of Analysis, Design, and Review35 12.8.5 Bioengineering ............................... 73 11.2 Hydrology for Stream Restoration and 12.8.6 Toe Wood ....................................... 74 Stability at Stream Crossings ........................ 36 12.8.7 Log Jams ........................................ 75 11.2.1 Phase 1 ........................................... 36 12.8.8 Rock Walls ..................................... 76 11.2.2 Phase 2 ........................................... 36 12.8.9 Riprap ............................................. 76 11.3 Flow Frequency Estimates .................... 37 12.9 Bed Stabilization and Stream Diversions ....................................................................... 77 11.4 Natural Channel Design ........................ 39 12.10 Planform Design .................................. 80 11.5 River Styles ........................................... 41 12.11 Dam Removal ...................................... 81 11.6 Soar and Thorne Restoration Design .... 42 13. MONITORING and REPORTING ............. 83 11.7 Hydraulic Modeling Overview ............
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Science Board, Staff, Divisional Committees And
    . APPENDIX I NATIONALSCIENCEBOARD, STAFF, D~VISIONALCOMMMTEESAND ADVISORY PANELS NATIONALSCIENCEBOARD Terms Expire May lo,1956 JOHN W. DAVIS, President (ret.), West Virginia State College, Englewood, N. J. EDWIN B. FRED, President, the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. hJRENCE M. GOULD, President, Carleton College, Northfield, Minn. PAUL M. GROSS: Vice President and Dean of Duke University, Duke University, Durham, N. C. GEORGE D. HUMPHREY, President, the University of Wyoming, Laramie, wyo. 0. W. HYMAN, Vice President, the University of Tennessee, Memphis, Term. FREDERICK A. MIDDLEBUSH,~ President Emeritus, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO. EARL P. STJWENSON,~ President, Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Terms Expire May lo,1958 SOPHIE D. ABERLE,~ Special Research Director, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, N. Mex. CHESTER I. BARN~,~ Chairman of the Board, President (ret.), Rocke- feller Foundation, New York, N. Y. ROBERT P. BARNES, Professor of Chemistry, Howard University, Washing- ton, D. C. DETLEV W. BRONIC,~ Vice Chairman of the Board and Chairman of the Executive Committee, President, National Academy of Sciences, Wash- ington, D. C., and President, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, N. Y. GERTY T. Coar, Professor of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO. CHARLES DOLLARD, President, Carnegie Corp. of New York, New York, N. Y. ROBERT F. LOEB,~ Bard Professor of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. ANDREY A. POTTER, Dean Emeritus of Engineering, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. Terms Expire May 10, 1960 RWER ADAMS, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Uni- versity of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. 60 FOURTE ANNUAL REPORT 61 THEODORE M.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection Against Wave-Based Erosion
    Protection against Wave­based Erosion The guidelines below address the elements of shore structure design common to nearly all erosion control structures subject to direct wave action and run-up. 1. Minimize the extent waterward. Erosion control structures should be designed with the smallest waterward footprint possible. This minimizes the occupation of the lake bottom, limits habitat loss and usually results in a lower cost to construct the project. In the case of stone revetments, the crest width should be only as wide as necessary for a stable structure. In general, the revetment should follow the cross-section of the bluff or dune and be located as close to the bluff or dune as possible. For seawalls, the distance that the structure extends waterward of the upland must be minimized. If the seawall height is appropriately designed to prevent the majority of overtopping, there is no engineering rationale based only on erosion control which justifies extending a seawall out into the water. 2. Minimize the impacts to adjacent properties. The design of the structure must consider the potential for damaging adjacent property. Projects designed to extend waterward of the shore will affect the movement of littoral material, reducing the overall beach forming process which in turn may cause accelerated erosion on adjacent or down-drift properties with less protective beaches. Seawalls, (and to a lesser extent, stone revetments) change the direction (wave reflection) and intensity of wave energy along the shore. Wave reflection can cause an increase in the total energy at the seawall or revetment interface with the water, allowing sand and gravel to remain suspended in the water, which will usually prevent formation of a beach directly fronting the structure.
    [Show full text]
  • SECTION 3 Erosion Control Measures
    SECTION 3 Erosion Control Measures 1. SEEDING When • Bare soil is exposed to erosive forces from wind and or water. Why • A cost effective way to prevent erosion by protecting the soil from raindrop impact, flowing water and wind. • Vegetation binds soil particles together with a dense root system, increasing infiltration thereby reducing runoff volume and velocity. Where • On all disturbed areas except where non-vegetative stabilization measures are being used or where seeding would interfere with agricultural activity. Scheduling • During the recommended temporary and permanent seeding dates outlined below. • Dormant seeding is acceptable. How 1. Site Assessment. Determine site physical characteristics including available sunlight, slope, adjacent topography, local climate, proximity to sensitive areas or natural plant communities, and soil characteristics such as natural drainage class, texture, fertility and pH. 2. Seed Selection. Use seed with acceptable purity and germination tests that are viable for the planned seeding date. Seed that has become wet, moldy or otherwise damaged is unacceptable. Select seed depending on, location and intended purpose. A mixture of native species for permanent cover may provide some advantages because they have coevolved with native wildlife and other plants and typically play an important function in the ecosystem. They are also adapted to the local climate and soil if properly selected for site conditions; can dramatically reduce fertilizer, lime and maintenance requirements; and provide a deeper root structure. When re- vegetating natural areas, introduced species may spread into adjacent natural areas, native species should be used. Noxious or aquatic nuisance species shall not be used (see list below). If seeding is a temporary soil erosion control measure select annual, non-aggressive species such as annual rye, wheat, or oats.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for the Assessment of Environmental Flows in the Western Indian Ocean Region Guidelines for the Assessment of Eflows in WIO Region
    Western Indian Ocean Ecosystem Guidelines and Toolkits Guidelines for the Assessment of Environmental Flows in the Western Indian Ocean Region Guidelines for the Assessment of EFlows in WIO region Western Indian Ocean Ecosystem Guidelines and Toolkits Guidelines for the Assessment of Environmental Flows in the Western Indian Ocean Region Published by the United Nations Environment Programme/Nairobi Convention Secretariat. Copyright © Nairobi Convention 2020. All rights reserved: The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Contracting Parties to the Nairobi Convention. Rights and Permissions: The information in this report is copyrighted, therefore, copying and/or transmitting portions of this report without permission of the Nairobi Convention may be a violation of applicable law. How- ever, the Nairobi Convention encourages dissemination and use of the materials in this report. Disclaimer: This publication has been produced by the United Nations Environ- ment Programme-Nairobi Convention and WIOMSA with the kind assistance of various regional governments, Non-Governmental Organizations, Civil Society Organizations, as well as of individuals through the Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded WIOSAP pro- ject and SIDA funded MASMA project executed by the Convention and WIOMSA respectively. The report is copyrighted entirely to the Nairobi Convention and WIOMSA. Compiled and prepared by: Cate Brown and Jackie King, with contributions from Lara Van Niekerk and Susan Taljaard. Series Editor: Matthew D. Richmond Designed by: Marco Nunes Correia Coordinated by: Jared Bosire, Julius Francis and Timothy Andrew Citation: UNEP-Nairobi Convention/WIOMSA (2020). Guidelines for the Assessment of Environmental Flows in the Western Indian Ocean Region.
    [Show full text]
  • The Depositional Signature of Strongly Aggradational Chute-And-Pool Bedforms
    Marine and River Dune Dynamics – MARID VI – 1-3 April 2019 - Bremen, Germany Build-up-and-fill structure: The depositional signature of strongly aggradational chute-and-pool bedforms Arnoud Slootman College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia – [email protected] Matthieu J.B. Cartigny Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom – [email protected] Age J. Vellinga National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom – [email protected] ABSTRACT: Chute -and -pools are unstable, hybrid bedforms of the upper flo w-regime, pop u- lating the stability field in between two stable end-members (antidunes and cyclic steps). Chute-and-pools are manifested by supercritical flow (chute) down the lee side and subcritical flow (pool) on the stoss side, linked through a hydraulic jump in the trough. The associated sedimentary structures reported here were generated at the toe-of-slope of a Pleistocene car- bonate platform dominated by resedimentation of skeletal sand and gravel by supercritical density underflows. It is shown that wave-breaking on growing antidunes occurred without destruction of the antidune like commonly observed for antidunes in subaerial flows. This led to the formation of chute-and-pools that were not preceded by intense upstream scouring, in- terpreted to be the result of high bed aggradation rates. The term aggradational chute-and- pool is proposed for these
    [Show full text]
  • River Dynamics 101 - Fact Sheet River Management Program Vermont Agency of Natural Resources
    River Dynamics 101 - Fact Sheet River Management Program Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Overview In the discussion of river, or fluvial systems, and the strategies that may be used in the management of fluvial systems, it is important to have a basic understanding of the fundamental principals of how river systems work. This fact sheet will illustrate how sediment moves in the river, and the general response of the fluvial system when changes are imposed on or occur in the watershed, river channel, and the sediment supply. The Working River The complex river network that is an integral component of Vermont’s landscape is created as water flows from higher to lower elevations. There is an inherent supply of potential energy in the river systems created by the change in elevation between the beginning and ending points of the river or within any discrete stream reach. This potential energy is expressed in a variety of ways as the river moves through and shapes the landscape, developing a complex fluvial network, with a variety of channel and valley forms and associated aquatic and riparian habitats. Excess energy is dissipated in many ways: contact with vegetation along the banks, in turbulence at steps and riffles in the river profiles, in erosion at meander bends, in irregularities, or roughness of the channel bed and banks, and in sediment, ice and debris transport (Kondolf, 2002). Sediment Production, Transport, and Storage in the Working River Sediment production is influenced by many factors, including soil type, vegetation type and coverage, land use, climate, and weathering/erosion rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Code of Colorado Regulations
    DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Division of Wildlife CHAPTER 1 - FISHING 2 CCR 406-1 [Editor’s Notes follow the text of the rules at the end of this CCR Document.] _________________________________________________________________________ ARTICLE I - GENERAL PROVISIONS #100 - DEFINITIONS See also 33-1-102, C.R.S and Chapter 0 of these regulations for other applicable definitions. A. "Artificial flies and lures" means devices made entirely of, or a combination of, natural or synthetic non-edible, non-scented (regardless if the scent is added in the manufacturing process or applied afterward), materials such as wood, plastic, silicone, rubber, epoxy, glass, hair, metal, feathers, or fiber, designed to attract fish. This definition does not include anything defined as bait in #100.B below. B. "Bait" means any hand-moldable material designed to attract fish by the sense of taste or smell; those devices to which scents or smell attractants have been added or externally applied (regardless if the scent is added in the manufacturing process or applied afterward); scented manufactured fish eggs and traditional organic baits, including but not limited to worms, grubs, crickets, leeches, dough baits or stink baits, insects, crayfish, human food, fish, fish parts or fish eggs. C. "Chumming" means placing fish, parts of fish, or other material upon which fish might feed in the waters of this state for the purpose of attracting fish to a particular area in order that they might be taken, but such term shall not include fishing with baited hooks or live traps. D. "Game fish" means all species of fish except prohibited nongame, endangered and threatened species, which currently exist or may be introduced into the state and which are classified as game fish by the Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Geothermal Hydrology of Valles Caldera and the Southwestern Jemez Mountains, New Mexico
    GEOTHERMAL HYDROLOGY OF VALLES CALDERA AND THE SOUTHWESTERN JEMEZ MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4067 Prepared in cooperation with the OFFICE OF THE STATE ENGINEER GEOTHERMAL HYDROLOGY OF VALLES CALDERA AND THE SOUTHWESTERN JEMEZ MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO By Frank W. Trainer, Robert J. Rogers, and Michael L. Sorey U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4067 Prepared in cooperation with the OFFICE OF THE STATE ENGINEER Albuquerque, New Mexico 2000 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Water Resources Division Box 25286 5338 Montgomery NE, Suite 400 Denver, CO 80225-0286 Albuquerque, NM 87109-1311 Information regarding research and data-collection programs of the U.S. Geological Survey is available on the Internet via the World Wide Web. You may connect to the Home Page for the New Mexico District Office using the URL: http://nm.water.usgs.gov CONTENTS Page Abstract............................................................. 1 Introduction ........................................ 2 Purpose and scope........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Nearshore Restoration Recommendations Whatcom County Shoreline Management Project
    Marine Nearshore Restoration Recommendations Whatcom County Shoreline Management Project 1 7 Old Fish 6 Packers Pier Tongue Point Blaine Marina Site Specific Recommendations t pi S o o hm ia m e S Semiahmoo Restoration Site 5 Marina Shoreline Reach Breaks The large platform and foundation could be removed to restore the beach and fringing marsh D Shoreline Modifications 1 2 a kota Cr 3 Removal of bulkheads that protrude into 4 Retaining Walls Remove the intertidal dilapidated Groins and Jetties dock 5 6 Miscellaneous Structures 1 7 C al 8 Piers ifo rn ia 9 2 C r Platforms 4 3 C r 4 nd Bulkheads ra rt Birch Point 5 e Outfall PipesB Cottonwood Beach 6 Building (Shorelines Only) 7 Administrative Boundries r 2 e Birch Bay v Village Marina 3 i 8 R Lummi Nation k Remove groins and bulkheads c a along Birch Bay Drive to restore upper s k beach and backshore habitats Whatcom County oo N e m ns t Mai 2 For more information on restoration sites, includi1ng non site-specific recommendations, see the Whatcom County Shoreline Management Project Inventory & 1 Characterization Report (Backgr1ound document Vol. I) and the Marine Resources Committee Document, Restoration Recommendations by Shoreline Reach by Coastal Ge1o1logic Services and Adolfson and9 Assoc1ia0 tes (2006). 2 DATA SOURCES: Restoration Sites - Coastal Geologic Remove bulkheads along these bluffs, which are the sole Services, Inc., Mod8ifications - WC 2005 (Pictometry 2004), T sediment source for accretionary shoreforms and valuable er r ell C Outfall Pipes - REsources, DNR, Pictometry, Contour lines 2 habitat in Birch Bay and State Park reaches r 1 10 meter intervals, USGS Elevation labels in feet.
    [Show full text]
  • Riparian Buffer
    Riparian Buffer A Technical Primer on Assessing Potential Water Quality Improvements for the Quantifying Benefits of Miyun Reservoir in Beijing, China Watershed Interventions September 2016 Prepared by: “Andrew” Feng Fang, Ph.D. Work supported by: Mark S. Kieser 536 E. Michigan Ave, Suite 300 Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA The China Mega-City Water Fund (CMWF) was launched in August of 2015 in cooperation with the Beijing Forestry Society (BFS), China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation (CBCGDF), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and Forest Trends. Once fully operating, the CMWF will identify, fund, and help implement watershed improvement projects (“interventions”) to benefit water quality and water quantity in the Miyun Reservoir. The City of Beijing relies in part on this reservoir as a critical drinking water supply. A notable challenge facing the CMWF, and other water funds throughout the world, is the ability to reasonably estimate water quality and/or water quantity benefits associated with specific interventions. Recent 2016 efforts have established an operating framework for the CMWF that will evaluate various watershed interventions in the context of relatively simple, established performance metrics for water quality and water quantity benefits. Coupled with projected costs for such interventions, the CMWF will be able to assess, compare and optimize benefits associated with its investments in watershed improvements with this framework. This Technical Primer1 represents an initial examination of quantification methods that the CMWF and others may use to reliably estimate water resource benefits derived from particular land management interventions in the watershed of the Miyun Reservoir. This approach relies upon existing studies from both the Miyun Reservoir watershed and other basins in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance on Environmental Flows
    Guidance on Environmental Flows Integrating E-flow Science with Fluvial Geomorphology to Maintain Ecosystem Services 2019 edition WEATHER CLIMATE WATER CLIMATE WEATHER WMO-No. 1235 Guidance on Environmental Flows Integrating E-flow Science with Fluvial Geomorphology to Maintain Ecosystem Services 2019 edition WMO-No. 1235 EDITORIAL NOTE METEOTERM, the WMO terminology database, may be consulted at http://public.wmo.int/en/ resources/meteoterm. Readers who copy hyperlinks by selecting them in the text should be aware that additional spaces may appear immediately following http://, https://, ftp://, mailto:, and after slashes (/), dashes (-), periods (.) and unbroken sequences of characters (letters and numbers). These spaces should be removed from the pasted URL. The correct URL is displayed when hovering over the link or when clicking on the link and then copying it from the browser. WMO-No. 1235 © World Meteorological Organization, 2019 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chair, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 17 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Email: [email protected] ISBN 978-92-63-11235-4 NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • A Classification of Riparian Wetland Plant Associations of Colorado a Users Guide to the Classification Project
    A Classification of Riparian Wetland Plant Associations of Colorado A Users Guide to the Classification Project September 1, 1999 By Gwen Kittel, Erika VanWie, Mary Damm, Reneé Rondeau Steve Kettler, Amy McMullen and John Sanderson Clockwise from top: Conejos River, Conejos County, Populus angustifolia-Picea pungens/Alnus incana Riparian Woodland Flattop Wilderness, Garfield County, Carex aquatilis Riparian Herbaceous Vegetation South Platte River, Logan County, Populus deltoides/Carex lanuginosa Riparian Woodland California Park, Routt County, Salix boothii/Mesic Graminoids Riparian Shrubland Joe Wright Creek, Larimer County, Abies lasiocarpa-Picea engelmannii/Alnus incana Riparian Forest Dolores River, San Miguel County, Forestiera pubescens Riparian Shrubland Center Photo San Luis Valley, Saguache County, Juncus balticus Riparian Herbaceous Vegetation (Photography by Gwen Kittel) 2 Prepared by: Colorado Natural Heritage Program 254 General Services Bldg. Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 [email protected] This report should be cited as follows: Kittel, Gwen, Erika VanWie, Mary Damm, Reneé Rondeau, Steve Kettler, Amy McMullen, and John Sanderson. 1999. A Classification of Riparian Wetland Plant Associations of Colorado: User Guide to the Classification Project. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. 80523 For more information please contact: Colorado Natural Heritage Program, 254 General Service Building, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523. (970)
    [Show full text]