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ACPA Resource Guide 2017 Edition ACPA Resource Guide To Chronic Pain Management An Integrated Guide to Medical, Interventional, Behavioral, Pharmacologic and Rehabilitation Therapies 2017 Edition American Chronic Pain Association P.O. Box 850 Rocklin, CA 95677 Tel 800-533-3231 Fax 916-652-8190 E-mail [email protected] Web Site http://www.theacpa.org Copyright 2017 American Chronic Pain Association, Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced without permission of the American Chronic Pain Association, Inc. 2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Chronic Pain Treatment Overview ................................................................................................................................ 8 Pain Types & Chronic Pain Classification................................................................................................................. 9 Pain in Children ....................................................................................................................................................... 11 Pain in Older Persons .............................................................................................................................................. 12 Active Interventions - Interdisciplinary ....................................................................................................................... 13 Functional Restoration Programs & Approaches .................................................................................................... 13 Self-Management......................................................................................................................................................... 14 ACPA Groups .......................................................................................................................................................... 14 Active Interventions - Individual ................................................................................................................................. 15 Exercise (Active Therapy) ....................................................................................................................................... 16 Pilates ...................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Functional Activity Training ................................................................................................................................... 17 Tai Chi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Qigong ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Yoga ....................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Feldenkrais .............................................................................................................................................................. 20 Postural Re-Training ................................................................................................................................................ 21 Alexander Technique ............................................................................................................................................... 21 Graded Motor Imagery ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Art & Music ............................................................................................................................................................. 22 Psychological & Behavioral Approaches ................................................................................................................ 23 Complementary, Alternative & Integrative Medicine (CAM) ..................................................................................... 29 Passive Therapies, Physical Modalities & Other Interventions ................................................................................... 30 Heat & Cold ............................................................................................................................................................. 30 Taping ...................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Acupuncture............................................................................................................................................................. 33 Cupping ................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Manipulation & Mobilization .................................................................................................................................. 33 Electrical Stimulation Devices (external) ................................................................................................................ 34 Invasive Interventions .................................................................................................................................................. 35 Trigger Point Injections ........................................................................................................................................... 35 Intra-Articular Steroid Injections ............................................................................................................................. 35 Viscosupplementation.............................................................................................................................................. 35 Implantable Devices ................................................................................................................................................ 37 Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) ............................................................................................................................ 37 Implanted Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems (Pain Pumps) .............................................................................. 39 Epidurals, Nerve & Facet Blocks, & Radiofrequency Ablation (Rhizotomy) ......................................................... 42 Medications In General ............................................................................................................................................... 44 How Medications Can Help & Harm ...................................................................................................................... 44 Medications and Chronic Pain ................................................................................................................................. 46 If Medications Are not Relieving Pain .................................................................................................................... 47 Warning About Internet Medication Purchases ....................................................................................................... 52 Biosimilar and Interchangeable Medications ........................................................................................................... 53 Medication Identification ......................................................................................................................................... 54 Medication Side Effects, Drug Allergies, & Drug Interactions ............................................................................... 55 Off-Label Medication Use ....................................................................................................................................... 57 Clinical Trials .......................................................................................................................................................... 58 American Chronic Pain Association Copyright 2017 3 Medication Assistance Programs ............................................................................................................................. 58 Medication Types for the treatment of Pain ................................................................................................................ 59 Non-Prescription Pain Relievers .................................................................................................................................. 60 Over-The-Counter (OTC) Pain Relievers ................................................................................................................ 60 Acetaminophen - Special Warnings ........................................................................................................................ 63 Herbal Medicines, Supplements, & Vitamins .......................................................................................................... 65 Medical foods .......................................................................................................................................................... 69 Non-Opioid Pain Relievers .........................................................................................................................................
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