DOCSLIB.ORG

Symbiosis Between Symbiodinium

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Symbiosis Between Symbiodinium ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 8 (2008) 66–76 www.elsevier.de/ode Symbiosis between Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) and various taxa of Nudibranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda), with analyses of long-term retention Ingo Burghardta,Ã, Kristina Stemmera, Heike Wa¨geleb aLehrstuhl fu¨r Evolutionso¨kologie und Biodiversita¨t der Tiere, Ruhr-Universita¨t Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany bInstitut fu¨r Evolutionsbiologie und O¨kologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universita¨t Bonn, and Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum A. Koenig, Bonn, Germany Received 25 July 2006; accepted 16 January 2007 Abstract Long-term retention of zooxanthellae in five different species belonging to two different nudibranch groups (Aeolidoidea and Dendronotoidea) was investigated. Specimens belonging to the species Phyllodesmium briareum, Phyllodesmium colemani, Phyllodesmium longicirrum, Pteraeolidia ianthina and Melibe engeli were cultivated for 70–270 days under various feeding conditions, and photosynthetic activity was analysed by taking pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer measurements. All five species showed stable symbiosis and long-term retention of zooxanthellae. Interspecific differences are discussed. Morphological adaptations for housing zooxanthellae in the digestive glandular system were investigated and documented by histological means. r 2007 Gesellschaft fu¨r Biologische Systematik. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Keywords: Nudibranchia; Zooxanthellae; Symbiosis; Phyllodesmium; Evolution; Pulse amplitude modulated fluorescence Introduction (‘zoochlorellae’, e.g. Carteria Diesling, 1866, Prochloron (Lewin, 1975)) living in symbiotic relationships with The mutualistic symbiosis of members of various marine invertebrates (e.g. didemnid tunicates) are known clades in Nudibranchia with zooxanthellae (unicellular from only one nudibranch, the temperate species Aeolidia dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium Freudenthal, papillosa (Linne´, 1761), although this symbiosis does not 1962) was already described by Rousseau (1934, 1935). seem to be stable (McFarland and Muller-Parker 1993). Assignment to the genus Symbiodinium with its known The zooxanthellae are housed inside the cells of the eight clades (see LaJeunesse 2001; Rodriguez-Lanetty digestive gland. In general, the nudibranchs take up 2003; Ulstrup and van Oppen 2003; Pochon et al. 2006) Symbiodinium through their prey, mostly by feeding on was verified by investigating zooxanthellae from several soft corals, in some cases also on hard corals (Rudman nudibranchs belonging to the family Facelinidae using 1981b, 1991; Kempf 1984; Wa¨gele and Johnsen 2001; molecular means (Melkonian, pers. comm.). Other taxa Burghardt and Wa¨gele 2004; Burghardt et al. 2005). Some nudibranchs, e.g. Melibe Rang, 1829, do not feed on ÃCorresponding author. cnidarians, and the source of their zooxanthellae remains E-mail address: [email protected] (I. Burghardt). unverified. The general advantages of a symbiosis with 1439-6092/$ - see front matter r 2007 Gesellschaft fu¨r Biologische Systematik. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2007.01.001 ARTICLE IN PRESS I. Burghardt et al. / Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 8 (2008) 66–76 67 zooxanthellae have already been discussed by several Phyllodesmium briareum (specimen #1), P. longicirrum authors. The nudibranchs’ incorporation of zooxanthellae (specimens #1 and #2), and Pteraeolidia ianthina (specimen results in a cryptic appearance (Rudman 1987; Wa¨gele and #1) were kept under natural moderate light conditions Johnsen 2001; Gosliner 1987; Burghardt and Wa¨gele 2004, (uptoamaximumof350 mmol quanta mÀ2 sÀ1 at solar 2006; Burghardt et al. 2005; Burghardt and Gosliner 2006) noon) for the whole time of the experiments at the Lizard and photosynthetic products (Hoegh-Guldberg and Hinde Island Research Station (LIRS; for details see Burghardt 1986; Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 1986; Rudman 1991; Wa¨gele et al. 2005). Natural light conditions mean natural light and Johnsen 2001; Burghardt and Wa¨gele 2004, 2006; climate conditions in which irradiance, spectral irradiance Burghardt et al. 2005; Burghardt and Gosliner 2006). The and photoperiod are driven by the sun’s position (sun additional nutrients produced by the symbionts allow the angle), clouds, and the extinction coefficient of water and slugs to survive food shortages lasting from weeks to depth. Melibe engeli and Pteraeolidia ianthina (specimen (several) months (Burghardt and Wa¨gele 2004, 2006; #2) were kept in natural light conditions (shade) during Burghardt et al. 2005; Burghardt and Gosliner 2006). The the first 10–14 days, and after transfer to Germany symbiosis with zooxanthellae might be a key character for under controlled artificial light conditions (plant lamp increased radiation in certain taxa (Wa¨gele 2004). Osram Lumilux 11, Germany; up to a maximum of In the past, zooxanthellae inside nudibranchs were 70 mmol quanta mÀ2 sÀ1) in the laboratory at the Ruhr- mainly detected by histological and ultrastructural University Bochum. Phyllodesmium colemani was kept investigations (Rudman 1981a, b, 1982a, b, 1991; Kempf under the same conditions in Bochum. 1984; Marin and Ros 1991; Wa¨gele and Johnsen 2001). All starving specimens were kept without their Wa¨gele and Johnsen (2001) and Burghardt et al. (2005) documented food in aquaria to prevent the uptake of have already discussed that the existence of Symbiodinium fresh zooxanthellae. All aquaria were cleaned regularly inside the digestive gland cells does not necessarily prove to remove faeces and prevent algal growth. The animals a symbiotic relationship with the host. Wa¨gele and on Lizard Island were kept in a flow-through water Johnsen (2001) were the first who introduced the now system, in the other cases seawater was replaced by established method of using a pulse amplitude modulated sterilised fresh seawater every 1 or 2 weeks. (PAM) fluorometer to distinguish digested from photo- A PAM fluorometer (Diving-PAM, Walz, Germany) synthetically active zooxanthellae in situ,i.e.insidethe was used to detect in vivo photosynthetic activity of seaslugs. Burghardt and Wa¨gele (2004) and Burghardt zooxanthellae in the investigated specimens by measur- et al. (2005) performed long-term experiments with ‘solar- ing the fluorescence emitted by photosystem II (PSII) of powered’ nudibranchs of the genus Phyllodesmium chlorophyll a. This allows distinction between active Ehrenberg, 1831 and of Pteraeolidia ianthina (Angas, photosynthetic zooxanthellae and digested ones inside 1864), and showed intra- and interspecific differences in the nudibranch, and interspecific differences could also the efficiency of the symbiosis by means of PAM data. be detected (Wa¨gele and Johnsen 2001; Burghardt and In this study, we compare data from various nudi- Wa¨gele 2004, 2006; Burghardt et al. 2005; Burghardt branch species belonging to two subtaxa in Cladobran- and Gosliner 2006). chia. These are Phyllodesmium briareum (Bergh, 1896), The PAM consists of a main instrument, a cosinus- P. longicirrum (Bergh, 1905), P. colemani Rudman, 1991, corrected light collector, and an optic fibre. The fibre and Pteraeolidia ianthina (Angas, 1864) as representatives detects the fluorescence of the zooxanthellae inside the of the Aeolidoidea, and Melibe engeli Risbec, 1937 as a nudibranch by measuring the ground fluorescence (F0) representative of the Dendronotoidea. All species have using a very low light source. F0 is defined as the shown long-term retention of zooxanthellae and seem to fluorescence measured in dark-acclimated tissues. have evolved different morphological adaptations and A flash of approximately 10,000 mmol quanta mÀ2 sÀ1 behaviour for this symbiosis. We discuss the respective for 0.8 s is applied via the optic fibre to shut down the efficiency of their symbiosis with Symbiodinium by reaction centres of PSII and therefore obtain maximum presenting results of long-term starvation experiments fluorescence (Fm). including PAM data, and examine the role of this The maximum quantum yield of fluorescence for PSII symbiosis in evolution. Histological data are compared (FIIe-max) is defined as with PAM data to highlight the morphological adapta- tions of each species for cultivating zooxanthellae. FIIeÀmax ¼ðF m À F 0Þ=F m. Measurements of the maximum fluorescence yield Material and methods (FIIe-max) were taken in darkness. Between measure- ments, breaks of at least 10 min allowed the reaction For this study, nudibranchs from various localities in centres of PSII to recover after light saturation. FIIe-max the Indopacific and the Red Sea were sampled. The was plotted versus time in order to show long-term specimens investigated are listed in Table 1. photosynthetic activity as a function of time (Wa¨gele ARTICLE IN PRESS 68 I. Burghardt et al. / Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 8 (2008) 66–76 Table 1. Synopsis of investigated specimens, collecting data, and environmental conditions during experiments Species # Locality Coll. date Depth (m)/substrate Cultivation Cult. (days) conditions (d ¼ day) Phyllodesmium 1 Cobia Hole, July 2002 16/Briareum violacea Starvation: d0–70 70 briareum Lizard Island, (Roule, 1908) GBR, Australia 2 Orpheus Island, July 1995 –/Briareum violacea Directly preserved À GBR, Australia Phyllodesmium 1 Moalboal, Cebu Nov. 2003 –/Tubipora musica Starvation: d0–74 74 colemani Island, Linnaeus, 1758 Philippines Phyllodesmium 1 Bird Island, Feb. 2005 7/Sarcophyton sp. Starvation: d0–116; 160 longicirrum Lizard Island, fed with GBR,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appendix to Taxonomic Revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas' Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with Correction
    http://www.natsca.org Journal of Natural Science Collections Title: Appendix to Taxonomic revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas’ Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with correction of authorities Author(s): Callaghan, E., Egger, B., Doyle, H., & E. G. Reynaud Source: Callaghan, E., Egger, B., Doyle, H., & E. G. Reynaud. (2020). Appendix to Taxonomic revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas’ Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with correction of authorities. Journal of Natural Science Collections, Volume 7, . URL: http://www.natsca.org/article/2587 NatSCA supports open access publication as part of its mission is to promote and support natural science collections. NatSCA uses the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ for all works we publish. Under CCAL authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in NatSCA publications, so long as the original authors and source are cited. TABLE 3 – Callaghan et al. WARD AUTHORITY TAXONOMY ORIGINAL SPECIES NAME REVISED SPECIES NAME REVISED AUTHORITY N° (Ward Catalogue 1888) Coelenterata Anthozoa Alcyonaria 1 Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758 2 Alcyonium palmatum Pallas, 1766 3 Alcyonium stellatum Milne-Edwards [?] Sarcophyton stellatum Kükenthal, 1910 4 Anthelia glauca Savigny Lamarck, 1816 5 Corallium rubrum Lamarck Linnaeus, 1758 6 Gorgonia verrucosa Pallas, 1766 [?] Eunicella verrucosa 7 Kophobelemon (Umbellularia) stelliferum
    [Show full text]
  • Naturkunde-Museum Bamberg (NKMB)
    Jahresbericht 2008 der Generaldirektion der Staatlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen Bayerns Herausgegeben von: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Haszprunar Generaldirektor Der Staatlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen Bayerns Menzinger Straße 71, 80638 München München November 2009 Zusammenstellung und Endredaktion: Dr. Eva Maria Natzer (Generaldirektion) Unterstützung durch: Maria-Luise Kaim (Generaldirektion) Susanne Legat (Generaldirektion) Dr. Jörg Spelda (Generaldirektion) Druck: Digitaldruckzentrum, Amalienstrasse, München Inhaltsverzeichnis Bericht des Generaldirektors ...................................................................................................5 Wissenschaftliche Publikationen ................................................................................................7 Drittmittelübersicht ...................................................................................................................36 Organigramm ............................................................................................................................51 Generaldirektion .....................................................................................................................52 Personalvertretung ....................................................................................................................54 Museen Museum Mensch und Natur (MMN) ........................................................................................55 Museum Reich der Kristalle (MRK) ........................................................................................61
    [Show full text]
  • A Radical Solution: the Phylogeny of the Nudibranch Family Fionidae
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A Radical Solution: The Phylogeny of the Nudibranch Family Fionidae Kristen Cella1, Leila Carmona2*, Irina Ekimova3,4, Anton Chichvarkhin3,5, Dimitry Schepetov6, Terrence M. Gosliner1 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, 3 Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia, 4 Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 5 A.V. Zhirmunsky Instutute of Marine Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 6 National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia a11111 * [email protected] Abstract Tergipedidae represents a diverse and successful group of aeolid nudibranchs, with approx- imately 200 species distributed throughout most marine ecosystems and spanning all bio- OPEN ACCESS geographical regions of the oceans. However, the systematics of this family remains poorly Citation: Cella K, Carmona L, Ekimova I, understood since no modern phylogenetic study has been undertaken to support any of the Chichvarkhin A, Schepetov D, Gosliner TM (2016) A Radical Solution: The Phylogeny of the proposed classifications. The present study is the first molecular phylogeny of Tergipedidae Nudibranch Family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11(12): based on partial sequences of two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) genes and one nuclear e0167800. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167800 gene (H3). Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis were con- Editor: Geerat J. Vermeij, University of California, ducted in order to elucidate the systematics of this family. Our results do not recover the tra- UNITED STATES ditional Tergipedidae as monophyletic, since it belongs to a larger clade that includes the Received: July 7, 2016 families Eubranchidae, Fionidae and Calmidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Ellipura Monophyletic? a Combined Analysis of Basal Hexapod
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 4 (2004) 319–340 www.elsevier.de/ode Is Ellipura monophyletic? A combined analysis of basal hexapod relationships with emphasis on the origin of insects Gonzalo Giribeta,Ã, Gregory D.Edgecombe b, James M.Carpenter c, Cyrille A.D’Haese d, Ward C.Wheeler c aDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA bAustralian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia cDivision of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA dFRE 2695 CNRS, De´partement Syste´matique et Evolution, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France Received 27 February 2004; accepted 18 May 2004 Abstract Hexapoda includes 33 commonly recognized orders, most of them insects.Ongoing controversy concerns the grouping of Protura and Collembola as a taxon Ellipura, the monophyly of Diplura, a single or multiple origins of entognathy, and the monophyly or paraphyly of the silverfish (Lepidotrichidae and Zygentoma s.s.) with respect to other dicondylous insects.Here we analyze relationships among basal hexapod orders via a cladistic analysis of sequence data for five molecular markers and 189 morphological characters in a simultaneous analysis framework using myriapod and crustacean outgroups.Using a sensitivity analysis approach and testing for stability, the most congruent parameters resolve Tricholepidion as sister group to the remaining Dicondylia, whereas most suboptimal parameter sets group Tricholepidion with Zygentoma.Stable hypotheses include the monophyly of Diplura, and a sister group relationship between Diplura and Protura, contradicting the Ellipura hypothesis.Hexapod monophyly is contradicted by an alliance between Collembola, Crustacea and Ectognatha (i.e., exclusive of Diplura and Protura) in molecular and combined analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • Phyllodesmium Tuberculatum Tritonia Sp. 3 Doto Sp. H Facelina Sp. A
    Austraeolis stearnsi Hermosita hakunamatata Learchis poica Phidiana militaris Protaeolidiella juliae Moridilla brockii Noumeaella sp. 4 Cerberilla bernadettae Cerberilla sp. A Noumeaella sp. B Facelina sp. A Tritonia nilsodhneri Tritoniella belli Flabellina babai Notaeolidia depressa Tethys fimbria Armina californica Tritonia sp. F Tritonia antarctica Tritonia pickensi Leminda millecra Marianina rosea Scyllaea pelagica Pteraeolidia ianthina Limenandra sp. B 1 1 Limenandra fusiformis Limenandra sp. C 0.99 Limenandra sp. A Baeolidia nodosa 1 Spurilla sargassicola 0.82 Spurilla neapolitana 0.75 Spurilla sp. A Spurilla braziliana 1 Protaeolidiella atra Caloria indica 1 Aeolidia sp. B 0.92 Aeolidia sp. A Aeolidia papillosa 1 Glaucus atlanticus Glaucus marginatus 1 Tritonia diomedea Tritonia festiva 0.99 Hancockia californica 1 Hancockia uncinata Hancockia cf. uncinata 0.99 Spurilla creutzbergi 1 Berghia verrucicornis 0.98 Berghia coerulescens 0.91 Aeolidiella stephanieae 1 Berghia rissodominguezi 0.9 Berghia columbina Berghia sp. A 0.99 Aeolidiella sanguinea Aeolidiella alderi 0.99 Phidiana hiltoni Phidiana lynceus Armina lovenii 0.98 Armina sp. 3 Armina sp. 9 Dermatobranchus semistriatus Dermatobranchus sp. A 1 Armina semperi 0.89 Armina sp. 0.98 Dermatobranchus sp. 12 1 Dermatobranchus sp. 7 0.86 Dermatobranchus sp. 17 Dermatobranchus pustulosus 0.72 Dermatobranchus sp. 16 Dermatobranchus sp. 21 0.97 Dirona albolineata Charcotia granulosa 0.95 Baeolidia moebii 0.85 Aeolidiopsis ransoni 0.75 Baeolidia sp. A 1 Berghia salaamica 0.98 0.51 Berghia cf. salaamica 0.97 Baeolidia sp. B 0.94 Baeolidia japonica Baeolidia sp. C 0.95 Noumeaella sp. 3 Noumeaella rehderi 0.91 Cerberilla sp. B 0.57 Cerberilla sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Phidiana Lynceus Berghia Coerulescens Doto Koenneckeri
    Cuthona abronia Cuthona divae Austraeolis stearnsi Flabellina exoptata Flabellina fusca Calma glaucoides Hermosita hakunamatata Learchis poica Anteaeolidiella oliviae Aeolidiopsis ransoni Phidiana militaris Baeolidia moebii Facelina annulicornis Protaeolidiella juliae Moridilla brockii Noumeaella isa Cerberilla sp. 3 Cerberilla bernadettae Aeolidia sp. A Aeolidia sp. B Baeolidia sp. A Baeolidia sp. B Cerberilla sp. A Cerberilla sp. B Cerberilla sp. C Facelina sp. C Noumeaella sp. A Noumeaella sp. B Facelina sp. A Marionia blainvillea Aeolidia papillosa Hermissenda crassicornis Flabellina babai Dirona albolineata Doto sp. 15 Marionia sp. 10 Marionia sp. 5 Tritonia sp. 4 Lomanotus sp. E Piseinotecus sp. Dendronotus regius Favorinus elenalexiarum Janolus mirabilis Marionia levis Phyllodesmium horridum Tritonia pickensi Babakina indopacifica Marionia sp. B Godiva banyulensis Caloria elegans Favorinus brachialis Flabellina baetica 1 Facelinidae sp. A Godiva quadricolor 0.99 Limenandra fusiformis Limenandra sp. C 0.71 Limenandra sp. B 0.91 Limenandra sp. A Baeolidia nodosa 0.99 Crosslandia daedali Scyllaea pelagica Notobryon panamica Notobryon thompsoni 0.98 Notobryon sp. B Notobryon sp. C Notobryon sp. D Notobryon wardi 0.97 Tritonia sp. 3 Marionia arborescens 0.96 Hancockia cf. uncinata Hancockia californica 0.94 Spurilla chromosoma Pteraeolidia ianthina 0.92 Noumeaella sp. 3 Noumeaella rehderi 0.92 Nanuca sebastiani 0.97 Dondice occidentalis Dondice parguerensis 0.92 Pruvotfolia longicirrha Pruvotfolia pselliotes 0.88 Marionia sp. 14 Tritonia sp. G 0.87 Bonisa nakaza 0.87 Janolus sp. 2 0.82 Janolus sp. 1 Janolus sp. 7 Armina sp. 3 0.83 Armina neapolitana 0.58 Armina sp. 9 0.78 Dermatobranchus sp. 16 0.52 Dermatobranchus sp. 21 0.86 Dermatobranchus sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Fall 1977 A MONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE NEW ENGLAND CORYPHELLIDAE (GASTROPODA: OPISTHOBRANCHIA) ALAN MITCHELL KUZIRIAN Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation KUZIRIAN, ALAN MITCHELL, "A MONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE NEW ENGLAND CORYPHELLIDAE (GASTROPODA: OPISTHOBRANCHIA)" (1977). Doctoral Dissertations. 1169. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1169 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Cnidophage, Specialized Cell for Kleptocnida, of Pteraeolidia Semperi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)
    Studies on Cnidophage, Specialized Cell for Kleptocnida, of Pteraeolidia semperi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) January 2021 Togawa Yumiko Studies on Cnidophage, Specialized Cell for Kleptocnida, of Pteraeolidia semperi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Tsukuba in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Doctoral Program in Life Sciences and Bioengineering) Togawa Yumiko Table of Contents General Introduction ...........................................................................................2 References .............................................................................................................5 Part Ⅰ Formation process of ceras rows in the cladobranchian sea slug Pteraeolidia semperi Introduction ..........................................................................................................6 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................8 Results and Discussion........................................................................................13 References............................................................................................................18 Figures and Tables .............................................................................................21 Part II Development, regeneration and ultrastructure of ceras, cnidosac and cnidophage, specialized organ, tissue
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    ALL INDIA CO-ORDINATED PROJECT ON TAXONOMY OF MOLLUSCA ANNUAL REPORT (December 2016 – May 2018) GUJARAT STATE BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY Dr. Deepak Apte Director Dr. Dishant Parasharya Dr. Bhavik Patel Scientist – B Scientist – B All India Coordinated Project on Taxonomy – Mollusca , Gujarat State Acknowledgements We are thankful to the Department of Forest and Environment, Government of Gujarat, Mr. G. K. Sinha, IFS HoFF and PCCF (Wildlife) for his guidance and cooperation in the work. We are thankful to then CCF Marine National Park and Sanctuary, Mr. Shyamal Tikader IFS, Mr. S. K. Mehta IFS and their team for the generous support, We take this opportunity to thank the entire team of Marine National Park and Sanctuary. We are thankful to all the colleagues of BNHS who directly or indirectly helped us in our work. We specially thank our field assistant, Rajesh Parmar who helped us in the field work. All India Coordinated Project on Taxonomy – Mollusca , Gujarat State 1. Introduction Gujarat has a long coastline of about 1650 km, which is mainly due to the presence of two gulfs viz. the Gulf of Khambhat (GoKh) and Gulf of Kachchh (GoK). The coastline has diverse habitats such as rocky, sandy, mangroves, coral reefs etc. The southern shore of the GoK in the western India, notified as Marine National Park and Sanctuary (MNP & S), harbours most of these major habitats. The reef areas of the GoK are rich in flora and fauna; Narara, Dwarka, Poshitra, Shivrajpur, Paga, Boria, Chank and Okha are some of these pristine areas of the GoK and its surrounding environs.
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Species of the Tropical Facelinid Nudibranch Moridilla Bergh, 1888 (Heterobranchia: Aeolidida) from Australasia Leila Carmona1,* and Nerida G
    RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 33 095–102 (2018) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0312-3162.33(1).2018.095-102 Two new species of the tropical facelinid nudibranch Moridilla Bergh, 1888 (Heterobranchia: Aeolidida) from Australasia Leila Carmona1,* and Nerida G. Wilson2 1 Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden. 2 Molecular Systematics Unit, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT – The Indo-Pacifc aeolid nudibranch Moridilla brockii Bergh, 1888 comprises a species complex. Here we describe two morphs from the complex as new species. Using morphological comparisons, we show the new species to be closely related but distinct from each other and from M. brockii. Distributed across north-western Australia, M. ffo sp. nov. is known from Exmouth, Western Australia to the Wessel Islands, Northern Territory, whereas M. hermanita sp. nov. is known only from Madang, Papua New Guinea. Differences between the two species include colouration, the size of the receptaculum seminis and some distinction in the jaws. Unravelling the entire complex will take much wider geographic sampling, and will require recollection from the type locality of M. brockii. This group is yet another example of a purportedly widespread aeolid species comprising a complex of species. KEYWORDS: nudibranchia, morphology, cryptic species complex urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2D0B250B-74DC-4E55-814B-0B2FB304200A INTRODUCTION India, which reported some important differences, such As our understanding of the ocean’s biodiversity as the position of the anus, the papillate patterning of improves, so does the recognition of previously the rhinophores and general body colouration (Rao, undetected cryptic diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Extraordinary Genus Myja Is Not a Tergipedid, but Related to the Facelinidae S
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 818: 89–116 (2019)The extraordinary genusMyja is not a tergipedid, but related to... 89 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.818.30477 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The extraordinary genus Myja is not a tergipedid, but related to the Facelinidae s. str. with the addition of two new species from Japan (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) Alexander Martynov1, Rahul Mehrotra2,3, Suchana Chavanich2,4, Rie Nakano5, Sho Kashio6, Kennet Lundin7,8, Bernard Picton9,10, Tatiana Korshunova1,11 1 Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, 125009 Moscow, Russia 2 Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 3 New Heaven Reef Conservation Program, 48 Moo 3, Koh Tao, Suratthani 84360, Thailand 4 Center for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univer- sity, Bangkok 10330, Thailand5 Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation, 560-I, Nishidomari, Otsuki, Hata- Gun, Kochi, 788-0333, Japan 6 Natural History Museum, Kishiwada City, 6-5 Sakaimachi, Kishiwada, Osaka Prefecture 596-0072, Japan 7 Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Box 7283, S-40235, Gothenburg, Sweden 8 Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden 9 National Mu- seums Northern Ireland, Holywood, Northern Ireland, UK 10 Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK 11 Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia Corresponding author: Alexander Martynov ([email protected]) Academic editor: Nathalie Yonow | Received 10 October 2018 | Accepted 3 January 2019 | Published 23 January 2019 http://zoobank.org/85650B90-B4DD-4FE0-8C16-FD34BA805C07 Citation: Martynov A, Mehrotra R, Chavanich S, Nakano R, Kashio S, Lundin K, Picton B, Korshunova T (2019) The extraordinary genus Myja is not a tergipedid, but related to the Facelinidae s.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Symbiodinium Dinoflagellate Symbionts from the Indo-Pacific Sea Slug Pteraeolidia Ianthina (Gastropoda: Mollusca)
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 320: 177–184, 2006 Published August 29 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Diversity of Symbiodinium dinoflagellate symbionts from the Indo-Pacific sea slug Pteraeolidia ianthina (Gastropoda: Mollusca) William K. W. Loh1,*, Melissa Cowlishaw1, 2, Nerida G. Wilson1, 3 1Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia 2Present address: School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia 3Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA ABSTRACT: The aeolid nudibranch Pteraeolidia ianthina hosts symbiotic dinoflagellates in the same way as many reef-building corals. This widespread Indo-Pacific sea slug ranges from tropical to tem- perate waters, and offers a unique opportunity to examine a symbiosis that occurs over a large latitu- dinal gradient. We used partial 28S and 18S nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA to examine the genetic diversity of the Symbiodinium dinoflagellates contained within P. ianthina. We detected Symbio- dinium from genetic clades A, B, C and D. P. ianthina from tropical regions (Singapore, Sulawesi) host Symbiodinium clade C or D or both; those from the subtropical eastern Australian coast (Heron Island, Mon Repo, Moreton Bay, Tweed Heads) host Symbiodinium clade C, but those from the tem- perate southeastern Australian coastline (Port Stephens, Bare Island) host clade A or B or both. The Symbiodinium populations within 1 individual nudibranch could be homogeneous or heterogeneous at inter- or intra-clade levels (or both). Our results suggested that the Pteraeolidia-Symbiodinium symbiosis is flexible and favours symbiont phylotypes best adapted for that environment.
    [Show full text]