DOCSLIB.ORG

Wo 2010/138154 A2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wo 2010/138154 A2 (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 2 December 2010 (02.12.2010) WO 2010/138154 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, AOlG 15/00 (2006.01) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (21) International Application Number: NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, PCT/US2010/001379 SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, (22) International Filing Date: TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. 10 May 2010 (10.05.2010) (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (25) Filing Language: English kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, (26) Publication Language: English ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, (30) Priority Data: TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, 12/453,444 12 May 2009 (12.05.2009) US EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, PCT/US 10/00 188 25 January 20 10 (25 .0 1.20 10) US LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, PCT/US 10/00 187 25 January 20 10 (25 .0 1.20 10) US SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). (72) Inventor; and (71) Applicant : PETROVICH, Svetozar, B. [US/US]; 6526 Declarations under Rule 4.17: North Ponchartrain Boulevard, Chigago, IL 60646 (US). — of inventorship (Rule 4.1 7(iv)) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every Published: kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, — without international search report and to be republished AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, upon receipt of that report (Rule 48.2(g)) CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (54) Title: CIVILIZATION'S OPTION (57) Abstract: Advanced Processor magma coupled to mantle magnetic field functions shield mantle coupled groundwater, polar caps and glaciers, and less coupled continental waters and oceans, with fluids partially decoupled atmospheric transitions, least coupled ionosphere ions, with electrons, fluids' quanta vital masses; mass energy highest conserving (MEHC) Fluid Elements quintessential core natural disposition (QCNDMEHC) functions' stable processes, configured complete compliment boundaries, force longevities least forced forbidden mechanisms energy of distortion and volume changes, stratifications gradations plasma fountains' outflows; Fluid Elements, Isotopes and Ions principles, methodologies, innovations, and inventions (FEIIPMII) tech nologies mass and energy demands minima sustainable en masse forced fluids mass conserving processes exceeding forced energy crisis, natural, and anthropogenic global warming (AGW) constitute civilization's option. TITLE OF THE INVENTION CIVILIZATION'S OPTION PCT priority, as Divisional continuation, and reference documents are claimed with these PCT applications as priority documents: PCT/US2 10/000 188 25 January 2010 and PCT/US2 10/000 187 25 January 2010 and US National Application Serial No. 12/453,444 12 May 2009 and, these referenced as US Applications, as Divisional Serial No: 12/382,448 17 March 2009 (17/03/2009) and 12/320,441 26 January 2009 (26/01/2009) and 12/320,440 26 January 2009 (26/01/2009) and 12/153,036 13 May 2008 (13/05/2008) and 11/809,132 31 May 2007 (3 1/05/2007) and 11/807,748 30 May 2007 (30/05/2007) and 11/788,172 04 June 2007 (04/06/2007) and 11/ 724,752 15 March 2007 (15/03/2007) and said 12/382,448 (17/03/2009), 11/809,132 (31/05/2007), and 11/ 724,752 (15/03/2007) continuation of these US applications Serial No: 11/504,304 14 August 2006 (14/08/2006) 11/418,157 03 May 2006 (03/05/2006) 11/385,078 20 March 2006 (20/03/2006) 11/342,006 30 January 2006 (30/01/2006) 11/233,546 23 September 2005 (23/09/2005) 11/212,943 25 August 2005 (25/08/2005) 11/1 88,339 25 July 2005 (25/07/2005) 11/028,982 03 January 2005 (03/01/2005) 10/869,752 16 June 2004 (16/06/2004) 10/840, 152 05 May 2004 (05/05/2004) 10/742,485 19 December 2003 (19/1 2/2003) 10/195,668 15 July 2002 (15/07/2002) 10/1 90,993 08 July 2002 (08/07/2002) /156,192 28 May 2002 (28/05/2002) /073,914 14 February 2002 (14/02/2002) /074,966 13 February 2002 (13/02/2002) /850,927 08 May 2001 (08/05/2001) /231,514 09 September 2000 (09/09/2000) /226,750 2 1 August 2000 (21/08/2000) /220,358 24 July 2000 (24/07/2000) /217,308 11 July 2000 ( 1 1/07/2000) /518,884 06 March 2000 (06/03/2000) /376,957 18 August 1999 (18/08/1999) /123,504 09 March 1999 (09/03/1999) /123,207 08 March 1999 (08/03/1999) /123,153 06 March 1999 (03/06/1999) /950,898 15 October 1997 (15/10/1997) US PAT 5,941,273 24 Aug. 1999 (24/08/1999) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) FIELD OF THE INVENTION AGW, water conservation and energy crisis and sciences hugely significant theories are resolved. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The Earth's fluids evolve forms equal function anion bulb, laminar, globose boundaries sustained and retained stratified fluids' magma core, solidified mantle, molecular, atomic, and plasma mass energy magnetic field shielded, and gravity field, Solar and cosmic wind pressures and radiations forced, with said mass energy, in energy of distortion and volume change constant state of stress. Inventions real novelty occupies one or more of these artificial and real domains: a) precedent; b) forms equal functions; c) functions equal forms; d) science; and e) God's forbidden mechanisms; the Laws of Mass Energy Conservation embody b, c, d, and e domains; the a domain is artificial; listed references disclose fluids science technologies conforming functions least mass perimeters mass energy highest conserving (MEHC) forced transport mass energy into globose and conduits (GC) processes universe fluid forms MEHC forced configuration, imposed perimeter boundaries; a complete scientific discovery or disclosure must embody all domains, especially said e domain; said domain e each discovery must commend constructive presence among universal discoveries. Newton in discovering the gravitational force expressed discomfort in his model of the Universe; Friedrich Gauss in elegant mathematics arrived at the Newton discovery and gravitational model; Albert Einstein mathematics nearly discover gravitational field causal properties but then regress. Likewise, Charles Darwin theories of evolution detailed many scientific conclusions raise issues. Nikola Tesla's discoveries, among numerous innovations, clearly transcend across said domains; Milutin Milankovich's revolutionary scope of ice ages theory compiles transcending factual data. The United Nation's International Panel on Climate Control (IPCC) exhaustive, scientific studies reach global warming environmental symptoms consensus, governments cooperative regulations, focused primarily on man activities by controlling carbon dioxide releases into the atmosphere as green-house gases main culprit based on detailed geophysical observations; such global warming scope requires exhaustive geophysical observation and governments global control of the Earth's survival processes raising skepticism or global disagreements, reflected by governmental actions; said governmental regulations creativity, as the sciences' novelty, unless proven to belong in said constructive universally commanding domain e, constitute forced incomplete misleading options. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Advanced Processor magma coupled to mantle magnetic field functions shield mantle coupled groundwater, polar caps and glaciers, and less coupled continental waters and oceans, with fluids partially decoupled atmosphere transitions, least coupled ionosphere ions and electrons, complete fluids' quanta mass; mass energy highest conserving (MEHC) Fluid Elements quintessential core natural disposition (QCNDMEHC) functions' stable processes, configured complete compliment boundaries, force longevities least forced forbidden mechanisms energy of distortion and volume changes, stratifications gradations plasma fountains' outflows; Fluid Elements, Isotopes and Ions principles, methodologies, innovations, and inventions (FEIIPMII) technologies mass and energy demands minima sustainable en masse forced fluids mass conserving processes exceeding forced energy crisis, natural, and anthropogenic global warming (AGW) constitute civilization's option. Gravitation generally and magnetic field crucially enforce supra mass energy coupling processes. Aforesaid, in a very brief summary, tots up causal effects of global warming and lone solution(s). The Newton's gravity discovery, through fallen apple from a tree, overlooked causal effects after said apple verified the coupling of the Earth's fluids in said Processor mass energy conservation. But, allowed to dry, the apple under Sun's radiation looses its fluids, water, to the atmosphere in a partial decoupling from ground masses, rising as gas or vapor; raised to sufficient altitudes, the water fluid portions under excitations of the Sun's radiations energy break into oxygen, hydrogen ions energy with hydrogen ions escaping the Earth's gravity through the electromagnetic field, in decoupling processes forbidden mechanisms. Said plasma Jean's Fountain outflows mass energy consists of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen outflows squirting from said electromagnetic field's cusp. Consequently, Newton's shell theory is missing a term integral of mass energy transport from the shell to its centric portion, from the time of its formations to present. At a time instance't' fluids' mass energy in transport from said shell to the centric portion constitutes mass energy demand of centrically positioned Black Hole.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • All-In-One Light-Tunable Borated Phosphors with Chemical And
    Research Article www.acsami.org All-In-One Light-Tunable Borated Phosphors with Chemical and Luminescence Dynamical Control Resolution † ‡ § ‡ ∥ ⊥ Chun Che Lin, Yun-Ping Liu, Zhi Ren Xiao, Yin-Kuo Wang, , Bing-Ming Cheng, † # ○ and Ru-Shi Liu*, , , † Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ‡ Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan § Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Chengchi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan ∥ Center for General Education and Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ⊥ National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan # Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan ○ Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Single-composition white-emitting phosphors with supe- rior intrinsic properties upon excitation by ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are important constituents of next-generation light sources. 3+ 3+ Borate-based phosphors, such as NaSrBO3:Ce and NaCaBO3:Ce , have stronger absorptions in the near-ultraviolet region as well as better chemical/physical stability than oxides. Energy transfer effects from sensitizer to activator caused by rare-earth ions are mainly found in the obtained photoluminescence spectra and lifetime. The interactive mechanisms of multiple dopants are ambiguous in most cases. We 3+ 3+ adjust the doping concentration in NaSrBO3:RE (RE = Ce ,Tb , Mn2+) to study the energy transfer effects of Ce3+ to Tb3+ and Mn2+ by comparing the experimental data and theoretical calculation. The vacuum-ultraviolet experimental determination of the electronic energy levels for Ce3+ and Tb3+ in the borate host regarding the 4f−5d and 4f− 4f configurations are described.
    [Show full text]
  • Powder Processing, Densification Behaviour, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Of
    POWDER PROCESSING, DENSIFICATION BEHAVIOUR, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AL2O3- 50 Vol% ZrO2 COMPOSITES A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ENGINEERING by RAGHUNATH PRASAD RANA (Roll No: 50408003) Supervisors: Dr. Santanu Bhattacharyya Dr. Swadesh Kumar Pratihar DEPARTMENT OF CERAMIC ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA NOVEMBER, 2009 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA, INDIA CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Powder Processing, Densification Behaviour, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3- 50 vol% ZrO2 Composites” being submitted by Mr. Raghunath Prasad Rana for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering, is a record of bonafied research work carried out by him under our supervision at Department of Ceramic Engineering. To the best of our knowledge, the work has not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma. (S Bhattacharyya) (S K Pratihar) Professor Associate Professor Department of Ceramic Engineering Department of Ceramic Engineering Dedicated to my parents CONTENTS Page No. Abstract i Acknowledgement iv List of Figures vi List of Tables xii Chapter I - Introduction Introduction 1 References 12 Chapter II - Literature Review 2.1 Transformation Toughening Mechanism 15 2.2 Transformation Toughening Models 17 2.3 Other Toughening Mechanisms for ZTA Ceramics 21 2.3.1 Toughening by Crack Deflection 21 2.3.2 Toughening by the Generation of Compressive
    [Show full text]
  • Oxygen and Proton Reduction by Decamethylferrocene in Non-Aqueous Acidic Mediaw
    View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue COMMUNICATION www.rsc.org/chemcomm | ChemComm Oxygen and proton reduction by decamethylferrocene in non-aqueous acidic mediaw Bin Su,za Imren Hatay,ab Pei Yu Ge,a Manuel Mendez,a Clemence Corminboeuf,c Zdenek Samec,d Mustafa Ersozb and Hubert H. Girault*a Received (in Cambridge, UK) 18th January 2010, Accepted 3rd March 2010 First published as an Advance Article on the web 18th March 2010 DOI: 10.1039/b926963k Experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) yellow, to which addition of an acid, hydrogen tetrakis(penta- computations suggest that oxygen and proton reduction by fluorophenyl)borate (HTB),y led to an immediate colour decamethylferrocene (DMFc) in 1,2-dichloroethane involves change to bright green. In the UV-visible spectrum, the protonated DMFc, DMFcH+, as an active intermediate species, absorption band of DMFc centered at 425 nm is replaced by producing hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen in aerobic and a strong band of DMFc+ at 779 nm. Moreover, by shaking anaerobic conditions, respectively. the green organic solution with pure water and then by titrating this aqueous phase with sodium iodide (NaI), O2 reduction by ferrocene and its derivatives in organic media triiodide was detected with a spectroscopic signature at 286 nm in the presence of an acid, such as trichloroacetic and trifluoro- and 330 nm. Triiodide was generated by oxidation of iodide by 7 acetic acids and perchloric acid, has been known for many H2O2. These results suggest the occurrence of oxygen 1–5 years. Recently, O2 reduction has also been studied in reduction to H2O2 by DMFc in DCE in the presence of the biphasic systems composed of an organic solvent containing organic acid: a ferrocene derivative in contact with an aqueous inorganic 6–8 + À - + À acid solution containing a very lipophilic anion.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration of the C9H8O Energy Surface in the Vicinity of Bicyclo[5.2.0]Nona-2,5,8-Trien-4-One David Michael Lokensgard Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1978 An exploration of the C9H8O energy surface in the vicinity of bicyclo[5.2.0]nona-2,5,8-trien-4-one David Michael Lokensgard Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Lokensgard, David Michael, "An exploration of the C9H8O energy surface in the vicinity of bicyclo[5.2.0]nona-2,5,8-trien-4-one " (1978). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 6465. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/6465 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Nitrenes As Intermediates in the Thermal Decomposition of Aliphatic Azides
    Nitrenes as Intermediates in the Thermal Decomposition of Aliphatic Azides J. F. ARENAS, J. I. MARCOS, J. C. OTERO, I. L. TOCÓN, J. SOTO Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, E-29071-Málaga, Spain Received 4 September 2000; revised 28 December 2000; accepted 20 February 2001 ABSTRACT: N2 extrusion from hydrazoic acid, methyl azide, and ethyl azide to yield the corresponding nitrene has been studied with high-level ab initio calculations. Geometry optimizations of stationary points and surfaces crossing seams were carried out with the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method, and their energies were reevaluated with the second-order multireference perturbation (CASPT2) theory and corrected by the zero-point energy (ZPE). The analytic harmonic frequencies calculated at the CASSCF level have been used in the ZPE corrections. The decomposition reaction is a competitive mechanism between a spin-allowed and a spin-forbidden channel, giving the nitrene either in the singlet or triplet states. The energy barrier height for XN—N2 bond fission is approximately the same in both channels for each azide, respectively. The spin-orbit (HSO) interactions were determined at the minimum energy point on the seam − of crossing between the singlet and triplet surfaces, the value ranges from 43.9 cm 1 in − hydrazoic acid to 43.3 cm 1 in ethyl azide. c 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 84: 241–248, 2001 Key words: ab initio calculations; azides; nitrenes; intersystem crossings; forbidden reactions potential use of these compounds as high-energy Introduction storage sources and as precursors for the prepara- tion of electronic materials [2].
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction
    Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic performances of p-type Carbon Nitride Gabriele Capilli, Mattia Costamagna, Fabrizio Sordello, Claudio Minero * Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino – via Pietro Giuria 5 -10125 Torino, Italy ABSTRACT p-Type organic semiconductors are attractive to develop new photo- and photoelectro-catalytic systems, particularly if the conduction band is located at negative redox potentials. An easy synthetic route to produce carbon-doped carbon nitride (Cn>3N4) with a stable p-type semiconducting character was optimized. The precursors used were melamine and triaminopyrimidine. The p-type C>3N4 exhibited a remarkable photoactivity under visible light compared with pristine C3N4, which is a stable n-type organic semiconductor deeply studied as heterogeneous photocatalyst for many environmental applications. The photoelectrochemical features of the synthesized p-type materials and pristine C3N4 were deeply investigated with chronopotentiometry and cyclic voltammetry, in the dark and under different illumination conditions, and then compared with the photocatalytic activity using 2- fluorophenol as substrate and different radiation sources. The p-doping with carbon of C3N4 reduces the band gap, slightly moves the potential of the valence band, and increases the conduction band to more positive potentials, thus precluding the application of these materials when large negative redox potentials are needed. KEYWORDS. p-doped carbon nitride, visible light catalyst, p-type semiconductor, heterogeneous
    [Show full text]
  • Primordial Pairing and Binding of Superheavy Charged Particles in the Early Universe¦ V
    JETP Letters, Vol. 77, No. 7, 2003, pp. 335–338. From Pis’ma v Zhurnal Éksperimental’noÏ i TeoreticheskoÏ Fiziki, Vol. 77, No. 7, 2003, pp. 403–406. Original English Text Copyright © 2003 by Dubrovich, Khlopov. Primordial Pairing and Binding of Superheavy Charged Particles in the Early Universe¶ V. K. Dubrovich*, 1 and M. Yu. Khlopov**, ***, **** * Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 196140 Russia 1 e-mail:[email protected] ** Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125047 Russia *** Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409 Russia **** Physics Department, Università degli studi “La Sapienza,” I 00185 Roma, Italy Received July 10, 2002; in final form, February 18, 2003 Primordial superheavy particles, considered as the source of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) and produced in local processes in the early Universe, should bear some strictly or approximately conserved charge to be sufficiently stable to survive to the present time. Charge conservation dictates that they be produced in pairs, and the estimated separation of particle and antiparticle in such a pair is shown to be in some cases much smaller than the average separation determined by the averaged number density of considered particles. If the new U(1) charge is the source of a long-range field similar to the electromagnetic field, the particle and antipar- ticle, possessing that charge, can form a primordial bound system with an annihilation timescale, which can satisfy the conditions assumed for this type of UHECR source. These conditions severely constrain the possible properties of the considered particles. © 2003 MAIK “Nauka/Interperiodica”.
    [Show full text]
  • Reverberation Mapping of the Dusty Torus in Active Galactic Nuclei
    Reverberation Mapping of the Dusty Torus in Active Galactic Nuclei by Erich Franz Geisert Bachelor of Science Astronomy and Astrophysics Florida Institute of Technology 2011 A thesis submitted to the College of Sciences at Florida Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Space Sciences Melbourne, Florida April 2016 c Copyright 2016 Erich Franz Geisert All Rights Reserved The author grants permission to make single copies We the undersigned committee hereby recommend that the attached document be accepted as fulfilling in part the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Space Sciences. \Reverberation Mapping of the Dusty Torus in Active Galactic Nuclei", a thesis by Erich Franz Geisert Daniel Batcheldor, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Physics and Space Sciences Major Advisor Eric Perlman, Ph.D. Professor, Physics and Space Sciences Committee Member V´eroniquePetit, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Physics and Space Sciences Committee Member Isaac Silver, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, College of Aeronautics External Committee Member Daniel Batcheldor, Ph.D. Interim Department Head, Physics and Space Sciences Abstract TITLE: Reverberation Mapping of the Dusty Torus in Active Galactic Nuclei AUTHOR: Erich Franz Geisert MAJOR ADVISOR: Daniel Batcheldor, Ph.D. The Dusty Torus is a structure that is believed to exist in Active Galactic Nu- clei. The Torus is physically too small to be spatially resolved, so Reverberation Mapping can be performed in order to replace spatial resolution with tempo- ral resolution, yielding observations that can unravel the mystery of the Dusty Torus. One of the unknowns about the Torus is how the dust is distributed.
    [Show full text]
  • Failure Modes of Electronics
    First Edition, 2011 ISBN 978-93-81157-19-0 © All rights reserved. Published by: The English Press 4735/22 Prakashdeep Bldg, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, Delhi - 110002 Email: [email protected] Table of Contents Chapter 1- Failure Modes of Electronics Chapter 2 - Electromigration Chapter 3 - Electrostatic discharge, Overvoltage & Overcurrent Chapter 4 - Semiconductor-Related Failures Chapter 5 - Stress-Related Failures Chapter 6 - Optoelectronics Failures Chapter 7 - Microelectromechanical Systems Failures Chapter 8 - Vacuum Tubes Failures Chapter- 1 Failure Modes of Electronics Electronic devices have a wide range of failure modes. These can be distinguished by their development in time (sudden failure or gradual degradation), by environmental effects (e.g. corrosion, ionizing radiation) or by the electrical parameter which was exceeded (e.g. electrostatic discharge, overvoltage, overcurrent, etc.). Failures most commonly occur at the beginning and near the end of the lifetime of the parts. Burn-in procedures are used to detect early failures. Presence of parasitic structures, irrelevant for normal operation, may become important in the context of failures; such structures can be both a source of failure and a protective device. A sudden fail-open failure can cause multiple secondary failures, when the event is fast and the circuit contains an inductance. The suddenly interrupted current flow in combination with the inductance then causes large voltage spikes, which for very fast events may exceed 500 volts. A burned metallization on a chip may then cause secondary overvoltage damage. Packaging-related failures Electronic packaging, acting as the barrier between the materials of the electronic parts and the environment, is very susceptible to environmental factors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nonhuman Turn Center for 21St Century Studies Richard Grusin, Series Editor 0 the Nonhuman
    The Nonhuman Turn Center for 21st Century Studies Richard Grusin, Series Editor 0 The Nonhuman Turn0 Richard Grusin, Editor Center for 21st Century Studies University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis • London An earlier version of chapter 6 was published as Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, “Crisis, Crisis, Crisis, or Sovereignty and Networks,” Theory, Culture, and Society 28, no. 6 (2011): 91–112; reprinted by permission of SAGE Publications, Ltd., London, Los Angeles, New Delhi, Singapore, and Washington, D.C.; copyright 2011 Theory, Culture, and Society, SAGE Publications. An earlier version of chapter 9 was published as Jane Bennett, “Systems and Things: A Response to Graham Harman and Timothy Morton,” New Literary History 43, no. 2 (Spring 2012): 225–33; copyright 2012 New Literary History, University of Virginia; reprinted with permission of the Johns Hopkins University Press. Copyright 2015 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290 Minneapolis, MN 55401- 2520 http://www.upress.umn.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The nonhuman turn / Richard Grusin, editor, Center for 21st Century Studies. (21st century studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8166-9466-2 (hc : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8166-9467-9 (pb : alk. paper) 1. Panpsychism—Congresses. 2. Consciousness—Congresses. I. Grusin, Richard A., editor.
    [Show full text]
  • Estudio Computacional a Nivel Dft De La Descomposición Del Cátodo De Una Batería
    POR TADA Universidad de Concepción Dirección de Postgrado Facultad de Ingeniería - Programa de Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería con mención en Ingeniería Química ESTUDIO COMPUTACIONAL A NIVEL DFT DE LA DESCOMPOSICIÓN DEL CÁTODO DE UNA BATERÍA APRÓTICA DE Li-O2 Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería con mención en Ingeniería Química ADOLFO JOSÉ ANÍBAL SALGADO CASANOVA CONCEPCIÓN-CHILE 2017 Profesor Guía: Ljubisa R. Radovic Naumov Dpto. de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Concepción Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial, con fines académicos, por cualquier medio o procedimiento, incluyendo la cita bibliográfica del documento. Además, se deja expresamente establecido que las figuras no referenciadas en este documento son de elaboración propia del autor, por lo que no se infringen derechos de autor de terceros. ii AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco al departamento de Ingeniería Química, a sus profesores y personal, por los distintos tipos de apoyo que he recibido durante mi magíster, en especial agradezco al profesor Romel Jiménez por su constante entusiasmo y por motivarme a que siguiera mis estudios de postgrado. Agradezco profundamente al profesor Radovic, mi tutor durante esta tesis y también durante mi pregrado. Por ser como es, un apasionado por la ciencia, a veces incomprendido, que hace lo que le gusta: investigar. Por ser tan generoso, tanto en la vida académica, permitiendo participar de múltiples congresos internacionales, como en lo personal, al invitarnos a mí y a otros colegas/estudiantes tantas veces al Latitud Sur. Y por motivarme y enseñarme esos valores que se han perdido un poco en el mundo académico moderno.
    [Show full text]
  • Reactions of State-Selected Atomic Oxygen Ions O+(4S, 2D, 2P) With
    Reactions of State-Selected Atomic Oxygen Ions O+(4S, 2D, 2P) with Methane Barbara Cunha de Miranda, Claire Romanzin, Simon Chefdeville, Véronique Vuitton, Ján Žabka, Miroslav Polášek, Christian Alcaraz To cite this version: Barbara Cunha de Miranda, Claire Romanzin, Simon Chefdeville, Véronique Vuitton, Ján Žabka, et al.. Reactions of State-Selected Atomic Oxygen Ions O+(4S, 2D, 2P) with Methane. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, American Chemical Society, 2015, 119 (23), pp.6082-6098. 10.1021/jp512846v. hal-02319338 HAL Id: hal-02319338 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02319338 Submitted on 13 Jul 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Reactions of State-Selected Atomic Oxygen Ions O+(4S, 2D, 2P) with Methane Barbara Cunha de Miranda1,2,3,#, Claire Romanzin1, Simon Chefdeville1, Véronique Vuitton4, Jan Žabka5, Miroslav Polášek5, and Christian Alcaraz1,3,* 1 Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS - Univ. Paris Sud, Bât. 350, FR-91405 Orsay Cedex, France 2 Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Laser, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza, Boa Viagem, Niterói, RJ, BR-24210-340 Brazil 3 Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des merisiers, BP 48, St Aubin, FR-91192 Gif sur Yvette, France 4 Univ.
    [Show full text]