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An Assessment of Diversity and Population Structure of Disabled Population in Maharashtra

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An Assessment of Diversity and Population Structure of Disabled Population in Maharashtra An Assessment of Diversity and Population Structure of Disabled Population in Maharashtra Vini Sivnandan, Arun Pisal, A.P. Prashik, Raj Pol, Akram Khan and Vandana Shivnekar Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune 411 004 Maharashtra, India Abstract Diversity among the disabled population needs to be explored and examined to be able to represent the disabled population in the mainstream. Hence, proper operationalization of diversity depends on exploring the diversity. Analytically, the diversity is at minimal when there are no differences among the members of a group. Although, preliminary analyses indicated the least diversity among the disabled population analysis using diversity indices such as Blau and Teachman and separation measures such as standard deviation and coefficient of variation indicates diversity by both age group and by type of disability among disabled population. We demonstrate diversity both by variation and separation within districts of Maharashtra determined by age group and by type of disability. Results indicate distinct sets of districts distributed accordingly and diversified by age group and disability type. This we believe will help policy makers make better planning and programme by incorporating these diversities across and within states. I Introduction Information related to the magnitude of disability prevalence, type and age, etc. are very essential not only for policy makers in formulating of any scheme/programme but also in general for the welfare of the disabled persons of the society. There is every likelihood the population of disability increases as one gets older. Disabilities such as hearing, seeing, movement, mental illness tends to increase as one gets older. In the middle age group inclusion of disability such as movement, mental illness tends to be higher due to lifestyle and accidents. Although disability by birth and disability identified is more prominent among younger age groups any type of disability can happen at any age. Disability type such as mental illnesses is more common among the middle age group and precisely among males as they are prone to accident and stress in life. Whereas, the proportion of the disabled population by disability type such as seeing, hearing, and movement will be higher in older age groups as compared to younger age groups. Further, one needs to understand the young population in the age group 0-10 in census 2011 will be in the age group 10-20 in census 2021 whereas the population in the age 1 group 20-59 will be in the age group 30-70+, and finally population in the age group 60+ will be in the age group 70 and above. When formulating policies one also needs to access the future needs of the disabled population. For example; the young disabled population will be in the middle age group, hence policies not only on education but also on employment, self-sufficiency need to be planned well in advance. The present study is an attempt to find the distribution of the disabled population across Maharashtra by age group. As per census 2011, there were 2963392 disabled persons in Maharashtra. Maharashtra is a large state; hence regional variation among the population is also expectedly high. For the convenience of our study, we distributed the disabled population into three main age groups 0-19 (young population); 20-59 (working population) and age 60 and above (elderly population). Primarily the focus was on the distribution of the disabled population by age group and was undertaken to explore the differential if any by disability type, and by age group. Figure 1 shows, proportionately the disabled population is much higher in the age group 20-59 years with the highest concentration in Ratnagiri district (62 per cent) to lowest concentration in Osmanabad district. Districts such as Dhule, Hingoli has near about 40 per cent of the total disabled population in the age group 0-19 years of age, which is more than double the proportion in districts with the lowest representation such as Sindudurg (19 per cent) and Ratnagiri (18 per cent). In the older age group 60 and above the highest proportion of the population are in the districts of Sindudurg (29 per cent) and Wardha (27 per cent) whereas the least number of disabled population in the elderly population are from districts Gadchiroli (9 per cent), Jalgaon and Hingoli (11 per cent each), Chandrapur, Dhule, Thane and Gondiya (10 per cent each) Figure1: Percentage of the Total Disabled Population Distributed by Age Group and across Districts in Maharashtra, 2011 0-19 20-59 60+ 100% 9.0 90% 15.217.0 17.5 15.3 16.215.5 18.118.0 12.1 14.4 17.9 15.9 17.7 10.4 18.3 10.011.0 10.0 11.0 10.0 24.719.8 20.8 19.9 23.1 22.919.4 27.019.9 18.8 21.319.1 29.0 19.9 80% 70% 52.555.0 48.0 56.0 51.0 50.0 60% 48.948.7 50.3 50.160.6 49.3 60.5 53.459.1 51.451.2 53.3 56.1 48.049.8 55.9 61.456.8 51.1 29.551.9 55.6 54.1 52.6 50% 47.7 50.8 49.1 62.1 40% 51.5 30% 20% 41.0 40.0 35.934.3 29.1 33.528.9 30.8 32.0 34.930.6 29.5 38.535.0 34.038.0 10% 25.627.6 28.2 27.7 26.5 25.6 26.8 26.0 27.324.3 25.3 27.820.6 25.826.1 24.6 18.7 19.5 27.3 0% Bid Pune Jalna Latur Akola Dhule Thane Satara Sangli Higoli Nashik Raigad Nagpur Jalgaon Nanded Wardha Buldana Washim Mumbai Gondiya Parbhani Soolapur Ratnagiri Amravati Kolhapur Bhandara Nandurbar Gadchiroli Yeawatmal Sindhudurg Osmanabad Chandrapur Aurangabad Ahmadnagar Mumbai Suburban Mumbai When we consider only disability type seeing as shown in figure 2 the distribution of disabled population shows near about a quarter of the population distributed almost equally in the age groups 0-19 and 60+ whereas the remaining 50 percent of the 2 population are in the age group 20-59 years of age. The percentage of the disabled population with disability type seeing is highest in Nandurbar district (38 per cent) and least in Sindudurg and Wardha (15 per cent each) of the total disabled population with disability type seeing. Near about 60 of disabled type seeing are in the age group 20-59 in Mumbai and Ratnagiri districts as compared to only 36 percent in Hingoli districts. Among older age groups of 60 and above Ratnagiri (40 per cent) and Wardha (44 per cent) shows highest representation and the least is in Mumbai (10 per cent). Figure 2: Percentage of the Total Disabled Population with Disability Type Seeing and Distributed by Age Group and across Districts in Maharashtra, 2011 0-19 20-59 60+ 100% 10.911.9 12.2 18.3 16.0 19.012.5 18.8 90% 20.422.3 25.3 25.326.6 23.222.4 26.3 19.5 24.925.1 22.3 22.522.8 22.3 34.531.9 30.532.0 28.4 34.7 31.730.7 30.3 30.5 80% 44.9 40.7 70% 60% 41.041.6 59.661.4 41.0 46.9 46.757.7 59.0 54.5 41.2 50.9 47.7 49.046.4 44.4 50% 46.6 48.7 52.1 43.941.4 44.3 38.2 49.346.7 62.1 36.5 41.240.5 43.5 40.0 44.2 45.4 40% 39.3 43.4 30% 20% 38.636.2 32.3 36.6 36.3 33.6 33.0 33.3 28.227.3 24.3 27.6 26.0 29.526.8 24.7 29.327.8 24.4 26.7 28.8 25.2 29.2 30.024.9 25.6 25.6 28.924.3 28.8 28.630.8 10% 15.7 18.715.4 0% Bid Pune Jalna Latur thane Akola Dhule Satara Sangli Higoli Nashik Raigad wardha solapur Nagpur Jalgaon Nanded washim Buldana Mumbai Gondiya Parbhani Ratnagiri Kolhapur Amravati Bhandara Nandurbar Gadchiroli yeawatmal Sindhudurg Osmanabad Chandrapur Aurangabad Ahmadnagar Mumbai Suburban Mumbai Figure 3: Percentage of the Total Disabled Population with Disability Type Speech and Distributed by Age Group and across Districts in Maharashtra, 2011 0-19 (Young – Dependent) 20-59 (Working) 60+ (Old age – Dependent) 100% 9.1 7.3 4.2 13.214.4 14.0 12.1 15.1 12.7 11.4 14.1 11.4 10.6 11.3 12.0 10.7 11.8 11.1 11.8 10.711.0 14.410.2 12.3 10.5 11.4 14.5 10.6 11.211.6 15.2 90% 16.6 20.6 15.5 28.9 80% 70% 52.1 53.649.9 51.0 49.8 60% 57.0 55.859.5 52.9 53.4 55.0 56.560.4 51.856.3 70.8 55.6 58.5 56.6 59.1 68.2 65.0 64.9 63.1 67.7 64.9 64.9 60.5 61.0 67.2 60.859.9 50% 66.5 59.9 54.0 40% 30% 20% 35.2 35.437.8 35.1 37.140.4 39.9 29.4 31.6 32.029.2 33.6 31.229.1 33.833.2 33.2 28.3 25.8 23.3 23.6 25.0 23.524.1 24.7 10% 22.5 20.218.4 22.4 21.9 21.5 21.816.9 18.5 21.4 0% bid Pune Jalna Latur akola Dhule Thane Satara Sangli Raigad Nashik Nagpur Hingoli Jalgaon Solapur Nanded buldana Wardha Washim Mumbai Gondiya amravati Parbhani bhandara Ratnagiri Kolhapur Nandurbar Gadchiroli Yeawatmal aurangabad Sindhudurg Osmanabad Chandrapur ahmadnagar Mumbai Suburban Mumbai In disability type speech as shown in figure3 the percentage of the disabled population is found to be highest in the age group 20-59 and is highest in districts of Gondiya (70 per cent), followed by Thane (68 per cent), and in metropolitan cities of Mumbai and 3 Pune (67 per cent each).
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