The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics Annual Report 2010/2011

The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics

Annual Report 2010/2011

The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics

Annual Report 2010/2011

The major objectives of the Beijer Institute are to carry out research and stimulate cooperation between scientists, university departments, research centres and institutes to promote a deeper understanding of the interplay between ecological systems and social and economic development. The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics © 2011 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

Editor: Agneta Sundin Layout: Typoform Print: EO Grafiska 2011 ISSN 1654-6024

Cover photographs: Nobel Laureate Symposium/Stefan Nilsson, Erik Andersson, Max Troell/Azote, Tom Hermansson Snickars/ Azote, Agneta Sundin, Hermera/iStockphoto/ Photodisc/ Thinkstock Innehåll

Director’s column 4

Photo gallery from the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium 6

An urgent call from Stockholm 8

Askö meetings: bringing ecologists and economists together 1 4

Regime shifts and resilience in ecological economics 1 8

Research 2 0

Aquaculture and Sustainable Seafood Production 2 1

Behavioural Economics and Nature Network – BENN 2 3

Complex Systems 2 4

Global Dynamics and Resilience 2 6

Urban Social-Ecological Systems 2 8

Supporting Environmental Economics Networks 3 1

Stockholm Resilience Centre – context and action 3 5

A snapshot of events 3 8

Appendix 4 1 Board of Directors 41 Staff members 42 Visiting scientists and graduate students 43 Administration 43 Funding 44 Collaborations 44 Teaching and training 45 Staff members’ publications and activities 47 Publications 58 Director’s column by Carl Folke, Director, the Beijer Institute

PREPARATIONS FOR THE gathering of the group Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences with its Envi- of Nobel laureates and other experts for the 3rd ronmental Research Committee. The continua- Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainabil- tion of the collaboration holds great promise! Many ity – Transforming the World in an Era of Global people were engaged in the effort – thank you all, Change has been one of the main efforts this year for but especially Christina Leijonhufvud and Agneta the Beijer Institute. Orchestrating major high-lev- Sundin, professional as always, and Åsa Jansson, el science-policy meetings is indeed a challenging Eva Krutmeijer, Johan Rockström and Staffan Nor- task, gladly, all our hard work paid off. The Sympo - mark for great team work. sium, mentioned as “the biggest sustainability event In times of new global dynamics of connectivity, in Stockholm since the UN Stockholm Meeting mobility, multiplications of linkages, speed of inter- 1972”, was an enormous success, and it is extensively actions and new combinations of social-ecologi- covered further on in the Annual Report. cal shocks and surprises, humanity is moving into This event clearly illustrated the synergies that new terrain. Understanding such critical interact- can be created through the constructive collabora- ing feedbacks in relation to global sustainability is tion of the Beijer Institute, Stockholm Resilience the core focus of the Beijer Institute’s research pro - Centre, Stockholm Environment Institute and the gramme on Global Dynamics and Resilience, a collaborative effort with Stockholm Resilience Centre. The programme provides a platform for interdisciplinary work with great scholars involved.

The first year with the new structure of our five research programmes; Aquaculture and Sustain- able Seafood Production; Urban Social-Ecological Systems; Complex Systems; Behavioural Econom- ics and Nature Network (BENN); and the Global Dynamics and Resilience has indeed been a pro - ductive one. We have received several new grants for the activities, links are now in place within and between the programmes and exciting findings are in the pipeline. Special thanks to the programme directors for their efforts in building the networks of collaboration, organising the activities, bringing in young researchers and raising critical funds.

The Askö Meeting is an annual highlight event of the Beijer Institute, and this year we have seen the book Bringing Ecologists and Economists Together: The Askö Meetings and Papers published by Spring- er. I would like to thank Anna Sundbaum and Tore Söderqvist for making this happen – an impressive PHOTO: CECILIA NORDSTRAND CECILIA PHOTO:

4 director’s column set of papers with thoughtful comments and reflec - advising practice and policy, and communicating tions by Beijer Fellows. and disseminating insights and results. It is a small institute in terms of staff but with a network of hun - Jeff Vincent and Aart de Zeeuw continue with their dreds of respected scholars worldwide. appreciated efforts in nurturing activities of the regional networks in environmental economics and We are extremely privileged and grateful for the guiding the Mäler Scholarship, thanks to which we long-term investment of the Kjell and Märta Beijer have hosted researchers from Argentina and China Foundation in the Beijer Institute and I would per- this year. The journal Environment and Develop - sonally like to thank Anders Wall and members of ment Economics is in good shape, thanks to Tasos the Beijer Foundation for their commitment to our Xepapadeas. A special thanks to deputy director, research in the interplay between ecological systems Anne-Sophie Crepín, who isinstrumental in all the and prosperous social and economic development. activities and strategies of the institute. It is most rewarding to experience that the twen - We warmly welcome Eric Lambin, Rosamond Nay- ty years of work to date by the Beijer Institute of lor, Karine Nyborg, and Scott Taylor to the Beijer Ecological Economics and our network of col- Board and are looking forward to the coming years laborators, is reaching out influencing mind sets together. The term as Board members for Kan - and actions globally, from university curricula and chan Chopra, Gretchen Daily, and Jeff Vincent has research areas to on-the-ground practice and inter- come to an end. Many thanks for all your efforts national policy. in guiding the Beijer direction and for immensely Carl Folke valuable contributions. It is of great significance to Stockholm, 12 July 2011 have your continued engagement and that of other Beijer Fellows in the Beijer Institute. Ingela Tern- ström, who has been working with us for the last eight years, has now taken on a new path. We will miss Ingela’s contributions and friendly presence. Currently we are in the process of recruiting young skilful economists to the Institute to engage in the BENN and Global Dynamics programmes.

Many seminars have been organized and several visiting researchers have stayed with us this year. Jeff Vincent and family stayed for two months and con - tributed and inspired.

The key focus of the Beijer Institute is to stimu - late and perform collaborative research between economists and ecologists and related disciplines on fundamental and applied problems in relation to resilience and sustainability, teaching and training on those issues nationally and internationally,

ANNUAL REPORTdirector’s 2010–2011 column 5 2 3

1 5

7 8 9

6 3rd nobel laureate symposium 13 15

“ ‘A call from Stockholm’ This was stated in the invitation to this 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability. This is not a local call. This is a long distance 911 call from the future. A call that we need to take right now.” 16 With these words the Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden began her inaugural speech at the the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm. Some fifty of the world’s most renowned thinkers and experts on global sustainability, among them 18 Nobel Laureates had gathered at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to take that call. This marked the beginning of intense activity, two days of plenary presentations, panel discussions and working group sessions to address urgent challenges for the future of humanity. 17 18 21

ANNUAL REPORT3rd nobel laureate 2010–2011 symposium 7 An urgent call from Stockholm 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability – Transforming the World in an Era of Global Change by Agneta Sundin and Carl Folke

THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, staff at the Beijer Institute Issues such as climate change, environmental were deeply engaged in the preparations for the 3rd impacts, decreasing biodiversity and economic Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainabil- development are attracting great attention, but ity – Transforming the World in an Era of Global have generally been treated to date as separate enti - Change in May in Stockholm. The Symposium was ties, with little or no regard for the interactions a major event and a major success, both in terms of between them. providing basic scientific understanding on global “We have converged into a globalised society and in sustainability and of spreading this understanding just a few human generations developed perspec- through communication and eye-to-eye discussion tives and value systems that mentally disconnect and interaction with policy at the highest level. progress and economic growth from fundamental interactions with the Earth System and dependence The science on the biosphere – now it is time to reconnect” said The 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium, which fol- Beijer Director Carl Folke, chairman of the Scien- lowed from previous meetings in Potsdam and tific Committee of the Symposium. London, made clear that humanity is an embedded Three scientific background documents were pre- part of the biosphere, shaping it from local to glob - pared for the Symposium. al scale, while remaining fundamentally dependent on its services.

PHOTO GALLERY (PREVIOUS PAGES) PHOTOS: © NOBEL LAUREATE SYMPOSIUM/STEFAN NILSSON

1. Nadine Gordimer reading her own text 8. Geoffrey West and David Gross 15. The UN Panel and Symposium members during the Symposium concert. discuss the Stockholm Memorandum. 9. The Symposium delegates together with 2. Symposium coordinator Christina Leijon- members of the UN High Level Panel for 16. The Memorandum signing ceremony. hufvud and Carl Folke, Chairmain of the Sci- Global Sustainability. 17. Panel session. entific Committee. 10. Symposium Manager Eva Krutmeijer and 18. Crown Princess Victoria gave the Sympo- 3. Tarja Halonen, Andreas Carlgren, Gro Har- Johan Rockström, Chair of the Symposium. sium inaugural speech. lem Bruntland, Gunilla Carlsson and Kevin 11. Carl von Linné (Hans Odö) entertained Rudd. 19. The judge and the jury in the trial and inspired the Symposium delegates. against humanity. 4. Brian Walker leading a session. 12. Sunita Narain. 20. Chef Carola Magnusson created the 5. Frances Westley and Marten Scheffer. 13. Murray Gell-Mann with Chair of the menu for the concert evening. 6. Anders Wijkman (left) led the work with Symposium, Johan Rockström and Geof- 21. A new choral piece was composed for the Stockholm Memorandum during the frey West. the Symposium concert by Sven-David Symposium. 14. King Carl Gustaf greeting Kevin Rudd Sandström. 7. Gretchen Daily answering questions dur- and other UN Panel members. ing a press conference.

8 3rd nobel laureate symposium PHOTO: © NOBEL LAUREATE SYMPOSIUM/STEFAN NILSSON SYMPOSIUM/STEFAN © NOBEL LAUREATE PHOTO:

• President Tarja Staffan Normark, Permanent Secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences: Halonen receiv- “When the Nobel Laureates signed the Stockholm Memorandum, I heard a whisper from the ing the Stockholm President of Finland, Tarja Halonen, Chair of the UN High-Level Panel on Global Sustainabil- Memorandum from ity ‘This is very exciting’. It really was. This historical moment, when some of the greatest Staffan Normark. researchers of the 20th century handed over their memorandum to the political system, for me represented a highlight of the year for the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.”

The first paper, Reconnecting to the Biosphere (Folke ley et al. 2011), explores links between agency, insti- et al. 2011), calls for a shift in mind-set, emphasising tutions and social-ecological innovation for navi- that people shape the Earth System and are at the gating large-scale transformations towards global same time fundamentally dependent on the capacity sustainability. of its biosphere to sustain human development. Institutions and governance for building social-eco - logical resilience to deal with an interconnected and fluctuating global system become a central priority.

The second paper, The Anthropocene – From Glob- al Change to Planetary Stewardship (Steffen et al. 2011), focuses on the great acceleration into a human-dominated geological era, the Anthropo- cene, and on identifying the Earth’s safe operating space for societal development. The new era calls for planetary stewardship to fundamentally alter our relationship with the planet we inhabit.

The third paper, Tipping towards Sustainability – Emergent Pathways of Transformation (West-

• Actress Lo Kauppi read a poem by Nobel Laureate Seamus Heaney during the concert. PHOTO: © NOBEL LAUREATE SYMPOSIUM/STEFAN NILSSON

ANNUAL REPORT3rd nobel laureate 2010–2011 symposium 9 PHOTO: © NOBEL LAUREATE SYMPOSIUM/STEFAN NILSSON SYMPOSIUM/STEFAN © NOBEL LAUREATE PHOTO:

Gunilla Carlsson Minister for International Development Cooperation, Sweden and member of the UN High Level Panel on Global Sustainability: ”My colleagues and I of the UN High Level Panel are most pleased with the meeting. This type of dialogue between researchers and policymakers is instrumental in enabling us to confront the huge global challenges we are facing today and to find ways toward sustainable development without poverty. The analyses and findings discussed at the meeting together with the Stockholm Humanity on trial Memorandum are most significant contributions to the work of the Panel.” The symposium provided a platform for science- policy dialogue and a novel approach was used • Nobel Laureate Mario Molina acted judge in one of the sessions when delegates gathered to during the Trial against Humanity. witness and take part in a mock court case, with humanity on trial. Will Steffen acted as prosecutor on behalf of Planet Earth and argued:

“Human pressure is so large that the possibility of irreversible changes to the Earth System can no longer be excluded. The prosecution will therefore maintain that humanity must work towards global stewardship around the planet’s intrinsic boundaries, a scientifically defined space within which we can continue to develop”.

The Stockholm Memorandum The verdict of the trial was incorporated into the Stockholm Memorandum – Tipping the Scales towards Sustainability, which synthesised the discussion of the Symposium. The jury of Nobel Lau - reates concluded that humans are now the most significant driver of global change, and that our col - lective actions could have abrupt and irreversible consequences for human communities and ecologi-

PHOTO: © NOBEL LAUREATE SYMPOSIUM/STEFAN NILSSON SYMPOSIUM/STEFAN © NOBEL LAUREATE PHOTO: cal systems.

10 3rd nobel laureate symposium PHOTO: © NOBEL LAUREATE SYMPOSIUM/STEFAN NILSSON SYMPOSIUM/STEFAN © NOBEL LAUREATE PHOTO:

Nadine Gordimer, Nobel Laureate in Literature, (here with with Brian Walker): “I am very very grateful for the experience. I have learned a lot. And I hope that this will inform my opinions further and will indeed help me in speaking correctly about these concerns and what one may do about them. At individual level and at the level of society.”

“We are the first generation with the insight of the “The Stockholm Memorandum makes clear that new global risks facing humanity, that people and environmental issues are not about saving the envi- societies are the biggest drivers of global change. ronment. It is our future as part of the biosphere Science can guide us in identifying the pathway to that is at stake. The challenge is broader than cli - global sustainability, provided that it also engages mate; it is about global change”, said Johan Rock- in an open dialogue with society,” said Nobel Lau - ström, Chair of the Symposium. reate Mario Molina, who acted as judge.

Key features of the Stockholm Memorandum UN High-Level Panel include: joined the symposium The intensity of the Symposium heightened further I. Mind-shift for a Great Transformation and the Academy risked bursting from numbers of II. Priorities for Coherent Global Action people and sheer excitement when the UN High- Level Panel on Global Sustainability, consisting of 1. Reaching a more equitable world presidents, prime ministers and government minis- 2. Managing the climate - energy challenge ters from all parts of the world, joined the sympo - sium delegates on the second afternoon. The Panel, 3. Creating an efficiency revolution co-chaired by Finland’s president Tarja Halonen, 4. Ensuring affordable food for all had come to Stockholm to receive the Stockholm Memorandum and discuss its contents with the 5. Moving beyond green growth Symposium delegates. The Panel is appointed by 6. Reducing human pressures the UN Secretary General to issue a report by the end of 2011 that “formulates a new vision for sus- 7. Strengthening Earth System Governance tainable growth and prosperity, along with mecha- 8. Enacting a new contract between science and nisms for achieving it”. Its inputs will feed into inter- society governmental processes, including preparations for

ANNUAL REPORT3rd nobel laureate 2010–2011 symposium 11 the UN Conference on Sustainable Development real science-policy communication and for the out- 2012 (Rio +20). Several Panel members testified to come to reach world leaders. These goals were how crucial the Memorandum was to their process. most certainly reached. After witnessing the signing ceremony and receiv- However, to achieve the ultimate goal – a sustain - ing the message from the scientific community from able future for Earth and its inhabitants – more the hands of Staffan Normark, permanent secretary calls are needed. The Symposium organisers imme- of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Presi- diately started a process to develop the insights dent Halonen expressed her gratitude: from Stockholm and bring them into new forums. “It is important to have a scientifically solid assess - The Nobel Laureates, other scientists, business ment of the state of our planet as well as recommen - leaders and politicians that joined forces in May dations for the future. And what I already know, are all important ambassadors of this combined very bold recommendations. So the Memorandum knowledge. is an important contribution.” To appear in The november 2011 issue of ambio Folke, C., Å. Jansson, J. RoCkstRöm, P. olsson, s.R. CaRPenteR, F.s. ChaPin, a.-s. CRePín, G. Daily, k. Danell, J. ebbesson, t. elmqvist, v. Galaz, F. mobeRG, m. nilsson, h. östeRblom, e. ostRom, Å. PeRsson, G. PeteRson, s. Polasky, W. steFFen, b. More calls to be made WalkeR, anD F. Westley. ReConneCtinG to the biosPheRe. steFFen, W., Å. PeRsson, l. DeutsCh, J. zalasieWiCz, m. The Beijer Institute and its partners are deeply Williams, k. RiChaRDson, C. CRumley, P. CRutzen, C. Folke, l. GoRDon, m. molina, v. Ramanathan, J. RoCkstRöm, m. sCheFFeR, grateful to all the Symposium delegates and to the h.J. sChellnhubeR, anD u. sveDin. 2011. the anthRoPoCene: UN High-Level Panel on Global Sustainability for FRom Global ChanGe to PlanetaRy steWaRDshiP. Westley, F., P. olsson, C. Folke, t. homeR-Dixon, h. vReDenbuRG, devoting their time to answering this urgent call D. looRbaCh, J. thomPson, m. nilsson, e. lambin, J. senDzimiR, b. banaRJee, v Galaz, anD s. van DeR leeuW. tiPPinG toWaRDs from the future. The goals were set high, to achieve sustainability: emeRGinG PathWays oF tRansFoRmation.

FACTS

3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability – David J. Gross, Peter Grünberg, Yolanda Kakabatse, Ashok Transforming the World in an Era of Global Change. Khosla, Richard J.T. Klein, Mattias Klum, Harold W. Kroto, Held in Stockholm, Sweden, May 16-18, 2011 at the Royal Sander van der Leeuw, Christine Loh, Bonnie McCay, Jaque- Swedish Academy of Sciences. line McGlade, James Mirrlees, Patricia Mirrlees, Mario Moli- na, Sunita Narain, Måns Nilsson, Sten Nordin, Staffan Nor- The 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium was organised by the mark, Douglass C. North, Douglas Osheroff, Elinor Ostrom, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm Resilience Stephen Polasky, Stefan Rahmstorf, V. Ramanathan, Martin Centre at Stockholm University, Stockholm Environment Rees, Katherine Richardson, Johan Rockström, Carlo Rubbia, Institute, Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics and Pots- Penny Sackett, Marten Scheffer, John Schellnhuber, Amartya dam Institute of Climate Impact Research, with the partici- Sen, Leena Srivastava, Will Steffen, Achim Steiner, Nicholas pation and support of HM King Carl XVI Gustaf and Crown Stern, Pavan Sukhdev, John Sulston, Brian Walker, Geoffrey Princess Victoria of Sweden. It was organised with financ- West, Frances Westley, Anders Wijkman, Gunnar Öquist ing by Svenska Postkodlotteriet, Folksam, The City of Stock- holm, af Jochnick Foundation, Stiftung Mercator and Volk- Panel Members of UN Secretary-General’s High-Level swagen Stiftung. Panel on Global Sustainability: The symposium, together with the City of Stockholm, also hosted a Nobel Laureate Choral Concert composed exclusive- Tarja Halonen, President of the Republic of Finland, co-chair; ly for this occasion and it was followed by the Stockholm Dia- James Laurence Balsillie, Co-CEO, Research in Motion, and logue on Global Sustainability - Seizing Planetary Opportuni- Chair of the Board, Centre for International Governance Inno- ties, at The Royal Dramatic Theatre, 19 May, with Nobel Lau- vation (CIGI), Canada; Go Harlem Brundtland, Former Prime reates, scientists, policy makers, entrepreneurs and repre- Minister of Norway and former Chair of the World Commis- sentatives from business, civil society and culture. sion on Environment and Development; Julia Carabias, Envi- The Stockholm Memorandum, an Executive summary of ronmentalist and former Secretary of the Environment of the background papers and more information from the Sym- Mexico; Gunilla Carlsson, Minister for International Develop- posium can be found at: www.globalsymposium2011.org ment Cooperation of Sweden; Luisa Dias Diogo, Member of Parliament and former Prime Minister of Mozambique; Kevin Symposium Participants: Rudd, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Australia;Peter Maurer, Peter C. Agre, Werner Arber, Tariq Banuri, Scott Barrett, Hans State Secretary for Foreign Affairs (replacing Swiss President Blix, Andreas Carlgen, Paul J. Crutzen, Gretchen Daily, Peter Ms Calmy Rey); Freundel Stuart, Prime Minister of Barbados C. Doherty, Carl Folke, Murray Gell-Mann, Nadine Gordimer,

12 3rd nobel laureate symposium MEDIA COVERAGE

“We are the first generation with the insight of the new global risks facing humanity, that people and societies are the biggest drivers of global change,” was one of the key messages coming out of the Symposium. Shortly after the Symposium, The Economist placed this message as the top story of the week. “For humans to be intimately involved in many interconnected processes at a planetary scale carries huge risks. But it is possible to add to the planet’s resilience, often through sim- ple and piecemeal actions, if they are well thought through.” the magazine states in its leader. The main article drew upon some of the key messages from the Executive Summary of the Symposium Working Papers. The Economist article is one of the prime examples of the outstanding media outreach of the Symposium. The goal for communicating the collective knowledge of the organising organisations, combined with the conclusions reached during the meeting, was far reaching and exceeded by a wide mar- gin. Some 150 newspapers, scientific journals and magazines worldwide published articles concerning the Symposium and its message, to mention but a few: Nature, National Geo- graphic, Le Monde, China Daily, People’s Daily Online, South China Morning Post and all the main Swedish newspapers. The TV and radio coverage was extensive and to date “Stock- holm Memorandum” has generated over 60 000 Google hits “Welcome to the Anthropocene – Humans have from articles, websites and blogs on the Internet. changed the way the world works. Now they The strategic media work was led by Ellika Hermansson have to change the way they think about it, too.” Török, Stockholm Resilience Centre, and Stellan Forsberg, Monday Relations. This quote is from the May 28th issue of The Economist. In the Stockholm Memorandum, it was concluded that the planet has entered a new geological age, the Anthropocene.

ANNUAL REPORT3rd nobel laureate 2010–2011 symposium 13 Askö meetings: bringing ecologists and economists together by Agneta Sundin

THE ASKÖ MEETINGS are an annual forum, organised economist who place by the Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, the papers in a contem- where leading international economists and ecolo - porary context. gists come together to discuss issues and challeng- “The Askö meetings es surrounding sustainable development. The meet- have created a collab- ings are held at the Marine station on the island of orative platform for Askö off the Swedish east coast, and facilitate a dia - long-term interaction logue in which various players with differing per- between scholars from spectives can arrive at a common understanding for diverse disciplines who conclusions and solutions that benefit us all. would otherwise not have collaborated and Facilitating a change of mindsets they have facilitated a change of mindsets”, says Bei - A new book, Bringing Ecologists and Economists jer Institute Director Carl Folke. • Stephen Carpen- together – The Askö Papers and Meetings, with a ter giving instruc- He is one of the editors of the book, together with Tore tions to the group foreword by Economics Laureate and regular par- Söderqvist, Anna Sundbaum and Karl-Göran Mäler. at the Askö meeting ticipant Kenneth Arrow, showcases ten papers from 2010. Askö meetings held between 1993 and 2002. “This is an exciting set of papers on sustainability •• Karl-Göran issues placed in an interesting context. The book also Most of these were written for a wide audience and Mäler and Kanchan gives an insight in how to make transdisciplinary Chopra. published in well-renowned scientific journals, and cooperation successful”, continues Carl Folke. each article is introduced by an ecologist and an

PHOTO: AGNETA SUNDIN PHOTO: THE BEIJER INSTITUTE

14 askö meetings: bringing ecologists and economists together A warm and open atmosphere To pave the way for such cooperation, the first workshop was organised in 1993 at the Askö Lab -

PHOTO: AGNETA SUNDIN AGNETA PHOTO: oratory, a marine field station off the Swedish east coast. The meeting was to be informal with a selected, open-minded group of people discussing a given theme.

“We were keen on creating a warm and open atmo - sphere so that the participants would feel comfort- able in interacting with people from different scien - tific backgrounds”, says Karl-Göran Mäler.

Stanford ecologist Paul Ehrlich, a regular Askö meeting participant, claims the joint work with economists has given rise to some of the most inter - esting collaborations of his career. In the book he points out one of the factors for success:

“We were all convinced that the world’s environ - mental problems were becoming increasingly seri- • Informal meet- Disciplines no longer far apart ous. And we all realised that planning to amelio - ing at Askö: Scott rate the most pressing of them, from the impacts of Barrett, Geoffrey Jane Lubchenco, Professor of Marine Biology population growth, consumption and global heat- McCarney and Nils and Distinguished Professor of Zoology at Ore- ing on ecosystem services, to the persistence of pov- Kautksy. gon State University and the administrator of the erty, hunger and the threat of vast epidemics all National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration require substantial inputs from both ecology and (NOAA), comments: economics. Thus we had common cause and com - “Meeting the sustainability challenge on our mon interests.” human-dominated planet requires creative, inter- He adds: “The importance of the Askö meetings disciplinary collaborations like those that take place has extended far beyond the small-group discussion at the Askö meetings. The results of such collabo - and often seminal papers that have flowed from rations, like this collection of Askö essays and com - them. Groups of people have been created that are mentaries, represent a significant contribution to carrying their impact far and wide.” our future.”

Twenty years ago the disciplines of ecology and eco - nomics stood far apart. Ecologists and economists generally viewed one another with suspicion, and economic growth and environmental protection seemed incompatible.

When Professor Karl-Göran Mäler became the director of the Beijer Institute in the beginning of the 1990s, it was with a conviction that the major environmental challenges could only be solved if ecological and socio-economic systems were viewed as coupled. This called for transdisciplinary cooperation between economists and ecologists.

• Carl Folke and Stephen Polasky pulling the luggage cart at Askö. PHOTO: CHRISTINA LEIJONHUFVUD

askö meetings:ANNUAL bringing ecologists REPORT and economists 2010–2011 together 15 PHOTO: AGNETA SUNDIN PHOTO: AGNETA SUNDIN AGNETA PHOTO:

•• Christina Leijon- What happens at Askö The theme for the 2010 meeting was Fat-tail gener- hufvud has organ- doesn’t stay in Askö ised every Askö ating mechanisms and their implications for plane- meeting since the The first Askö meeting was a great success and the tary stewardship and work on a paper on that theme start in 1993. discussions and comparisons of economic and eco - is now in review. • Paul Erlich and logical models resulted in a Bioscience article enti- Simon Levin on the tled ‘Ecologists and economists can find common boat to Askö. Towards a transdisciplinary future ground’. The 2011 Askö meeting focuses on Food security Since then, an Askö meeting has been held every and aquaculture development in a globalised world year and these have led to a number of scientific – links and tradeoffs between marine and terrestri- articles (for a complete list of Askö papers, see sep - al production systems. This topic is in line with the arate box) and innovative collaborations between Beijer Institute research programme Aquaculture ecologists and economists. and Sustainable seafood production, led by Max Troell and Carl Folke.

• Askö group 2010. Back row: Nils Kautksy, Scott Barrett, Brian Walker, Thomas In later years scientists from other disciplines such Sterner, Geoffrey McCarney, Kyle Meng, Jeffrey Vincent, Stephen Polasky, Gustav as political science and earth science have been Engström, Jason Shogren. Front row: Chuan-Zong Li, Karl-Göran Mäler, Oonsie Biggs, invited and Carl Folke is looking to the future: “The Terry Hughes, Scott Taylor, Kenneth Arrow, Stephen Carpenter, William "Buz" Brock, Marten Scheffer, Anastasios Xepapadeas, Aart de Zeeuw. Sitting: Agneta Sundin, Askö meetings will continue to play an inspiring Christina Leijonhufvud, Anne-Sophie Crépin role in transdisciplinary collaboration.”

PHOTO: THE BEIJER INSTITUTE

16 askö meetings: bringing ecologists and economists together PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASKÖ MEETINGS OF THE BEIJER INSTITUTE

Bringing Ecologists and Economists Together: Goulder, Gretchen Daily, Paul Ehrlich, Geoffrey Heal, Simon The Askö Meetings and Papers (Askö 1993-2002) Levin, Karl-Göran Mäler, Stephen Schneider, David Starrett Tore Söderqvist, Anna Sundbaum, Carl Folke and Karl-Göran and Brian Walker. Journal of Economic Perspectives 18 (3): Mäler (eds.). 2011. Springer Verlag. 147-172 (2004).

Environmental Science for Extreme Events (Askö 2010) Genetic Diversity and Interdependent Crop Choices Stephen Carpenter et al. In review. in Agriculture (Askö 2000) Geoffrey Heal et al. Resource and Energy Economics 26:175-184 (2004). Finding Corridors of Clarity: Improving Global Environmental Change Science and Policy (Askö 2009) Managing Ecosystem Resources (out-of-site Askö, Stephen Polasky, Oonsie Biggs, Anne-Sophie Crépin and Washington 1999) Kenneth Arrow, Gretchen Daily, Partha Garry Peterson, Stephen Polasky et al. In progress. Dasgupta, Simon Levin, Karl-Göran Mäler, Eric Maskin, David Starrett, Thomas Sterner and Thomas Tietenberg. Looming Global-Scale Failures and Missing Institutions Environmental Science and Technology 34: 1401-1406 (2000). (Askö 2008) Brian Walker et al. Science 325: 1345-1346 (2009). The Value of Nature and the Nature of Value (Askö 1998) Gretchen Daily, Tore Söderqvist, Sara Aniyar, Kenneth Arrow, Social-Ecological Systems as Complex Adaptive Systems: Partha Dasgupta, Paul R.Ehrlich, Carl Folke, AnnMarie What Does it Mean for Policy? (Askö 2007) Simon Levin, Jansson, Bengt-Owe Jansson, Nils Kautsky, Simon Levin, Jane Tasos Xepapadeas, Anne-Sophie Crepin et al. In review. Lubchenco, Karl-Göran Mäler, David Simpson, David Starrett, David Tilman and Brian Walker. Science 289: 395-396 (2000). Decision-Making under Great Uncertainty: Environmental Management in an Era of Global Change (Askö 2006) Food Production, Population Growth, and the Stephen Polasky et al. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Environment (Askö 1997) Grectchen Daily, P. Dasgupta, B. Forthcoming. Bolin, P. Crosson, J du Guerny, P. Ehrlich, C. Folke, AM Jansson, B-O. Jansson, N. Kautsky, A. Kinzig, S. Levin, K-G. Mäler, P, Quick Fixes For the Environment – Part of the Solution Pinstrup-Andersen, D. Siniscalco and B. Walker. Science 281: or Part of the Problem? (Askö 2005) Thomas Sterner et al. 1291-1292 (1998). Environment 48 (10): 20-27 (2006). Resilience in Natural and Socioeconomic Systems Building Resilience and Adaptation to Manage Arctic (Askö 1995) Simon Levin, S. Barrett, S. Aniyar, W. Baumol, Change (Out-of-site Askö, Abisko 2004) Stuart Chapin III et C. Bliss, B. Bolin, P. Dasgupta, P. Ehrlich, C. Folke, I.M. Gren, al. Ambio 35 (4): 198-202 (June 2006). C.S. Holling, A.M. Jansson, B.-O. Jansson, D. Martin, K.-G. Mäler, C. Perrings and E. Sheshinsky. Resilience in Natural Coping With Uncertainty: A Call for a New Science- and Socioeconomic Systems. Environment and Development Policy Forum (Askö 2002) Ann Kinzig, D. Starrett, K. Economics 3: 222-235 (1998). Arrow, S. Aniyar, B. Bolin, P. Dasgupta, P. Ehrlich, C. Folke, M. Hanemann, G. Heal, M. Hoel, A-M. Jansson, B-O. Jansson, Economic Growth, Carrying Capacity, and the Environment N. Kautsky, S. Levin, J. Lubchenco, K-G. Mäler, S. Pacala, S. (Askö 1994) Kenneth Arrow, B. Bolin, R. Costanza, P. Schneider, D. Siniscalco and B. Walker. Ambio 32 (5): 330-335 Dasgupta, C. Folke, C.S. Holling, B.-O. Jansson, S. Levin, K.G. (2003). Mäler and C. Perrings. Science 268: 520-521 (1995).

Are We Consuming Too Much? (Out-of-site Askö, Ecologists and Economists Can Find Common Ground Stanford 2000) Kenneth Arrow, Partha Dasgupta, Lawrence (Askö 1993) Carl Folke. Bioscience 45: 283-284 (1995).

askö meetings:ANNUAL bringing ecologists REPORT and economists 2010–2011 together 17 Regime shifts and resilience in ecological economics Three publications of the Beijer Institute by Anne-Sophie Crépin and Agneta Sundin

er was published online in the Journal of Envi- ronmental Economics and Management. The main part of it was written during the year when Stephen Polasky was visiting Beijer and had the opportu- nity to meet regularly with Aart de Zeeuw, Beijer co-director at that time. The article investigates how the threat of a potential future regime shift affects optimal management. It analyses two theo - retical cases of regime shifts, one where the regime shift is due to stock collapses and one where it is due to built-in changes in ecosystem system dynam - ics. Two different scenarios are applied in each of the cases: one where the actions of managers can impact on the probabilities of regime shift (endogenous probabilities of shift); and one where they are unable to do so (exogenous probabilities of shift).

Previous work in economics focused on stock collapse with endogenous probabilities and reached ambiguous conclusions. Under these circumstanc- es, it was difficult to tell whether managers ought to increase or decrease the intensity of resource use and level of resource stock with the possibility of a pending regime shift.

Polasky, de Zeeuw and Wagener show that the other three cases yield unambiguous results. In the case of endogenous probability of regime shift that affects system dynamics in particular, optimal management must become precautionary and maintain higher resource stock levels when facing a possible regime shift. In the contrasting case with exoge - nous probability of regime shift and stock collapse, PHOTO: ISTOCKPHOTO/THINKSTOCK PHOTO: it would instead be optimal to increase exploitation and decrease stock levels, in order to maximise How to manage in welfare. In the last case, exogenous probability and effects on system dynamics do not affect optimal the face of regime shifts management.

During this year a highly relevant article by Ste - These results shed new light in the ongoing debate phen Polasky, Aart de Zeeuw and Florian Wagen - in the academic world relating to the precaution -

18 regime shifts and resilience in ecological economics ary principle and will provide useful insights to ages to maintain the function. Hence, the results policymakers. quantitatively show that there can be a substan - in PRess, Journal of EnvironmEntal Economics and tial decrease in resilience due to negative effects on managEmEnt, available online 1 may 2011 stePhen Polasky, aaRt De zeeuW, FloRian WaGeneR response diversity (fewer bee species) without any immediate detectable decrease in ecosystem service (pollination) generation, thus generating a sense of Why resilience loss false security and sustainability. Jansson, Å., Polasky, s. 2010. quantiFyinG bioDiveRsity FoR can be hard to detect builDinG ResilienCe FoR FooD seCuRity in uRban aReas: GettinG DoWn to business. Ecology and sociEty 15(3):20. A steady stream of ecosystem services is essential for human welfare and survival, but these flows are being eroded. Although essential connections Taking resilience theory between ecosystem service generation, biodiver- to the next level sity, and resilience in social-ecological systems have been acknowledged, spatially explicit, quantita- The ash cloud from the eruption of the Eyjafjalla - tive assessments for translating theoretical knowl- jökull volcano in Iceland during spring 2010 forced edge about these connections into practice are several Beijer fellows to extend their stay in Stock- still lacking to a great extent. Åsa Jansson and Ste - holm, enabling the completion of this paper which phen Polasky made a significant contribution in is a further development of the theoretical frame - this area that appeared in Ecology and Society last work of resilience thinking. Resilience thinking September. addresses the dynamics and development of complex social-ecological systems. Three aspects are They show the value of assessing the role of biodi - central: resilience, adaptability and transformability. versity in the generation of ecosystem services in a landscape through the lens of functional groups Ever since the well-cited publication on resilience and response diversity (the diversity of responses by Brian Walker et al. in Ecology and Society 2004, to environmental change among species contribut- discussions have exposed some confusion about the ing to the same ecosystem function). They do this use of the term resilience. The idea that adaptation by connecting the work of wild bees producing the and transformation are related to resilience seems regulating ecosystem service of pollination to the at first glance to be counterintuitive, as it embrac - provisioning service of crop generation. es change as a prerequisite for persistence. Yet the very dynamics between periods of abrupt and grad- By studying different bee species separately instead ual change and the capacity to adapt for persistence of lumping wild-bee species together in one group, or transform to a new system are at the core of the the authors demonstrate that the effect of land use resilience of social-ecological systems. Resilience change (e.g. fragmentation of the landscape) on of a social-ecological system is the capacity to con - two types of pollinators is potentially different. As tinually change and adapt, yet remain within criti- one species fails to fly the longer distance between cal thresholds. Whereas adaptability captures the fields, another more wide-ranging species man- capacity of a system to learn, combine and adjust, transformability involves more deep-rooted changes. Deliberate transformation involves breaking down the resilience of the old and building the resilience of the new. Transformation involves nov- elty and innovation. Transformational changes trig- ger shifts in perception and meaning, social network configurations, cultural development and institutional restructuring. In several examples, Folke and colleagues illustrate how resilience features such as persistence, adaptability and transformability interact. Folke, C., s.R. CaRPenteR, b.h. WalkeR, m. sCheFFeR, F.s. ChaPin iii, anD J. RoCkstRöm. 2010. ResilienCe thinkinG: inteGRatinG ResilienCe, aDaPtability anD tRansFoRmability. Ecology and sociEty 15(4): 20.

PHOTO: ISTOCKPHOTO/THINKSTOCK

regimeANNUAL shifts and resilience REPORT in ecological 2010–2011 economics 19 Research

Humans and societies are Aquaculture and integral parts of nature and Sustainable Seafood the biosphere – the Earth sys- production tem. We shape it and at the LED BY MAX TROELL same time depend on it for AND CARL FOLKE social and economic development and well-being. With Behavioural Economics this overall perspective, the and Nature Network Beijer Institute of Ecological (BENN) LED BY JASON SHOGREN Economics provides a forum AND THERESE LINDAHL for researchers in economics and ecology and related disci- Complex Systems plines to interact and develop LED BY AART DE ZEEUW AND CHUAN-ZHONG LI joint research, seeking a deeper understanding of social- Global Dynamics and ecological systems. Resilience LED BY ANNE-SOPHIE CRÉPIN, Research at the Beijer Insti- STEPHEN POLASKY AND BRIAN WALKER tute is organised into five international programmes Urban Social-Ecological that comprise a diverse set of Systems LED BY JOHAN COLDING projects. AND ÅSA JANSSON

20 research Aquaculture and Sustainable Seafood Production

by Max Troell

Applications • Giant prawns for AQUACULTURE IS CONSIDERED by many to be the only sale at a Chinese means to satisfy the increasing global demand for The Beijer Institute together with York Universi- fish market. In the fish and other seafood. Cultivation practices and ty led the development of an EU FP7 application, tropics, extensive the species chosen have impacts on the environ - involving 30 partners from around the world. The areas of mangrove forest are being con- ment and resource use and have implications for focus was on poverty and aquaculture development, verted into shal- food security. In this research programme, we are specifically on identification of benefits from a eco - low ponds for the analysing aquaculture development and its inter- system services perspective and on benefit-shar- cultivation of giant prawns. Mangrove play with fisheries and coastal and marine ecosys- ing mechanisms in sub-Saharan Africa. Unfortu- forests are nurser- tems. The main focus is on opportunities for sus- nately no funding was obtained, but the framework ies for fish and shell- tainable and equitable use of global food resources developed was instrumental for the first meeting fish, offer storm and ecosystem services, and how aquaculture can of the new International Council for the Explora- protection for coastal areas and dampen contribute to food production, economic develop - tion of the Sea (ICES) working group, the Study coastal erosion. ment and poverty alleviation in a changing world. Group on Socio-economic dimension of Aquacul-

PHOTO: MAX TROELL/AZOTE

ANNUALaquaculture and sustainableREPORT seafood 2010–2011 production 21 ture (SGSA). The Beijer Institute will host the next SGSA workshop, in spring 2012. An additional application entitled ‘Ecological aquaculture development for food and livelihoods – managing mul-

PHOTO: MAX TROELL/AZOTE PHOTO: tiple ecosystem services and trade-offs across landscapes’ has been submitted jointly with WorldFish (to the Ekhaga Foundation).

Workshops and activities Two smaller workshops were held at the Bei- jer Institute during the spring: one on Subsidies in aquaculture and one on the linkages between aquaculture and land resources. The latter will be instrumental for the Askö Meeting in September 2011 entitled ‘Food security and aquaculture development in a globalised world – links and tradeoffs between marine and terrestrial production systems’. The Beijer Institute reviewed the recent WorldFish report Blue Frontier, which will be an important background document for the Askö meeting. In December 2011 the Beijer Institute will participate in a Mistra-funded workshop on Reaching sustainable natural resource management – is resilience science a valuable tool?. Key topics for this workshop are forestry, agriculture and fisheries. A targeted • Small fish used as fodder in fish farms. workshop on aquaculture is also planned for Janu- ary 2012.

Publications OUTPUT The importance of energy use in food systems is a valid food security concern and the Beijer insti - The 2011 report of the Study Group on Socio-Economic Dimensions tute participated in a review of the current state of of Aquaculture (SGSA) http://www.ices.dk/reports/SSGHIE/2011/ knowledge in this field, a review that also includ - SGSA11.pdf ed fisheries and aquaculture. The study will be Pelletier, N., Audsley, E., Brodt, S., Garnet, T., Henriksson, P., Kend- published in Annual Review in Environment and all, A., Kramer, K., Murphy, D., Nemecek, T., Troell, M., Tyedmers, P. Resources (ARER) later this year. (2011) Energy Intensity of Agriculture and Food Systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. Vol. 36. The implications of global trade for marine eco - Deutsch, L., Troell, M., Limburg, K., Huitric, M. (2011) Global Trade of systems and their services have been analysed in Fisheries Products: implications for marine ecosystems and their ser- a book chapter on ecosystem services and global vices. In T. Köllner (ed.), Ecosystem Services and Global Trade of Natu- trade in natural resources. A large part of this chap - ral Resources: Ecology, Economics and Policies. Routledge, London, ter concerned the role played by aquaculture. A UK. 304 pp. chapter on Aquaculture and Biodiversity (Encyclo- Troell, M., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, N., Henriksson, P., Primavera, J., pedia of Biodiversity) has also been compiled, as Ronnback, P., Folke, C. (in press). Aquaculture. In: Levin, S. A. (ed.) well as a book on Mariculture in East Africa. As a Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 2nd Edition, Elsevier, New York, 2012. spin-off of the work on aquaculture in Africa, the Troell, M., Hecht, T., Beveridge, M., Stead, S., Bryceson, I., Kautsky, N., constraints and implications of sea cucumber farm- Ollevier, F., Mmochi, A. (eds.) (2011) Mariculture in the WIO region – ing were analysed. Challenges and Prospects. WIOMSA Book Series. Eriksson, H., Robinson, G., Slater, M., Troell, M. (submitted) Sea cucumber aquaculture in the Western Indian Ocean – challenges for sustainable livelihood and stock improvement. Journal of AMBIO.

22 aquaculture and sustainable seafood production Behavioural Economics and Nature Network – BENN

by Jason Shogren

THE OVERALL PURPOSE of BENN is to serve as a ing, is not well developed. BENN will push for clearing house for behavioural research around the more work integrating behavioural sciences with world in economics, ecology and other disciplines life sciences. for improved stewardship of our life-supporting Behavioural economics applies psychological ecosystems. Over the past two decades, behavioural insight to reshape economic principles; environ- economics, defined as the application of psychol- mental economics applies economic principles to ogy to economics, has emerged to document how sharpen environmental policy. By reshape we mean people make choices and state values that deviate adding more humanity to rational homo economic- from the conventional rationality model. Howev- us; by sharpen, we mean making environmental pol- er, the behavioural connection to complex systems, icy more efficient today and into the future. To do e.g. in relation to natural resources, ecosystem ser- so requires that we explore how behaviour toward vices and the global challenges that humanity is fac - the environment works at individual, group and society level on short, long, and evolutionary tim - escales. We need to better explain why inefficien - cies arise, create tools to lower health risks, reduce resource conflicts, promote better coordination/ cooperation, design more effective incentive systems, measure values with more precision and less bias, and generate more protection at less cost.

The BENN network has been exploring how to coordinate research to better understand how science can contribute to environmental protection. BENN focuses on three areas of research: individual decision making in the context of time, uncertain - ty, ambiguity and so on; individual decision making in the context of social interactions, including exchange institutions, social norms, political incentives; and evolutionary decision making by individuals and collectives over long time horizons.

The BENN programme is going beyond catalogu- ing behavioural deviations from rational choice theory – BENN is concentrating on understanding better how to improve welfare by incentives, institutional design and social norm evolution.

PHOTO: HEMERA/THINKSTOCK

ANNUALbehavioural economics REPORT and nature network 2010–2011 – benn 23 Complex Systems by Chuan-Zhong Li

ACKNOWLEDGING THE COMPLICITY of social-ecological systems presents new challenges for natural resource management. In this research pro - gramme we are developing economic theory and policy instruments for improving the management of social-ecological systems that recognise the complexity of multiple interacting components. Through small-scale integrated models we are exploring the economic effects of links, feedbacks and thresholds in complex systems and their implications for resource management strategies.

Regime shifts in the Arctic The 7th framework EU project Arctic Tipping Points attempts to identify the elements of the Arc - tic marine ecosystem that are likely to show abrupt changes in response to climate change and to estab - lish the levels of the corresponding climate drivers that may induce regime shifts in those tipping ele - ments. The project organised the Arctic Frontiers conference in Tromsö in January and Anne-Sophie Crépin was one of the convenors of the social sci - ences session. She also presented a review article on regime shifts and management co-authored with O. Biggs, S. Polasky, M. Troell and A. de Zeeuw.

Response of institutions to complex environments Anne-Sophie Crépin and Therese Lindahl wrote the final report for the project Sharing Natural Resources with Complex Dynamics, in which they studied how institutions can respond to the presence of a complex environment, involving thresholds and uncertainty, and how management of complex ecosystems can be improved. They used theoretical modelling, computer simulations and empirical analysis. They showed that modelling the complexity of the interactions in social ecological systems in a realistic way is costly in the sense that PHOTO: ISTOCKPHOTO/THINKSTOCK

24 complex systems model complexity is substantially increased. On the ment. A book with a collection of classical papers other hand, they showed that policies that do not on green national accounting and sustainability, take these characteristics into account can lead to edited by Karl-Gustaf Löfgren and Chuan-Zhong erroneous results and undesirable states of social Li, is also in press in a book series The Interna- ecological systems with even higher associated wel- tional Library of Critical Writings in Economics at fare costs. They also stress the need for more behav - Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. ioural approaches within this research area.

In spring 2001, Aart de Zeeuw and Steve Polasky Other activities had a resilience-related paper on ‘Optimal manage- In autumn 2010, Beijer researchers and fellows ment with potential regime shifts’ accepted for pub - engaged in the complex systems programme par- lication in the Journal of Environmental Economics ticipated in the Beijer Institute and Stockholm and Management. Resilience Centre workshop on Global dynamics and social-ecological resilience in the face of mul- Green accounting tiple shocks, and Interactions amongst the planetary boundaries. To explore the various issues touched The projects Inclusive Wealth and Accounting Pric- upon at the workshop, small-scale integrated mod- es and Valuing Resilience and Evaluating Sustain- els have been developed and their economic impli- ability are concerned with dynamic welfare and sus- cations for improving resource management strat- tainability issues, with ecological resilience taken egies have been explored. Among other things, into account. In autumn 2010, Chuan-Zhong Li a dynamic equilibrium theory integrating the and Karl-Gustaf Löfgren, Umeå University, devel- well-known Solow economic growth model and oped a dynamic cost-benefit rule for evaluating Lovelock Daisyworld ecological model has been large projects highlighting the role of capital cost developed; the inclusive wealth and resilience pric- in a paper in Economics Letters. Karl-Göran Mäler ing model will be augmented to encompass multi- and Chuan-Zhong Li published a paper in Envi- ple thresholds and applied to fishery studies involv- ronmental and Development Economics on the eco- ing stochastic influences and critical fish stocks. In nomic value of ecosystem resilience in an inclusive spring 2011, we also became involved in a pan-Euro - wealth framework. In addition to developing the pean research project on urban biodiversity and resilience pricing model, the paper also discussed ecosystem services, together with researchers at ex-ante and ex-post welfare measures and the way Stockholm Resilience Centre. resilience can be managed for welfare improve-

ANNUAL REPORTcomplex 2010–2011 systems 25 Global Dynamics and Resilience Planetary stewardship and catastrophic shifts in the Earth system by Anne-Sophie Crépin

WHAT ARE THE CRITICAL unrecognised, ignored or responds to crises and shocks, and to develop ways missing social-ecological links and feedbacks at the for analysing options for intervention, to improve global scale, and what kinds of governance struc - the odds of beneficial system outcomes. tures can create long-term conditions/ positive trajectories for human development? That is the over- Activities all research question of this research programme, This long-term research programme emerged inaugurated in 2009 as a joint collaboration with from a scoping workshop held at the Royal Acad - the Stockholm Resilience Centre under the leader- emy of Sciences in September 2009. A second and ship of Anne-Sophie Crépin, Stephen Polasky and a third workshop in April and September 2010 Brian Walker, with Will Steffen focusing on the engaged some thirty scientists from diverse fields planetary boundaries issues and Victor Galaz on and countries. Their task was to develop overarch - governance of these boundaries. ing research questions and core research activi- The aim of the programme is to gain a better under - ties. Additional workshops of the programme’s five

• Participants in the standing of the global social-ecological system, the research clusters have also been organised during 3rd Global Dynamics likelihood and consequences of sequential or coin- the year. and Resilience work- cident multiple shocks, and how society responds shop held at the The research effort is divided into five core research or fails to respond to these crises and shocks. The Royal Swedish Acad- clusters: emy of Sciences in ambition is to start developing a ‘framework’ for September 2010. conceptualising how the interlinked global system 1. Progressing the science of the Planetary Bound- aries framework.

2. Planetary Boundaries and interacting global crises – exploring the governance implications.

3. Building an architecture of global crises and feedbacks.

4. Are the missing feedbacks strong enough to shift global scenarios in important ways?

5. Exploring missing feedbacks.

The outcome of the programme, in addition to the many scientific publications and science-practice-policy insights envisioned, is expected to be a short and comprehensive synthesis of the 5–10 most important global feedbacks that need immediate attention.

After the workshop in September 2010, different groups engaged in the research activities of the pro - gramme. Some groups have been developing small-

PHOTO: AGNETA SUNDIN

26 global dynamics and resilience Crépin and Brian Walker as part of the scientific advisory team.

The aim is to undertake an assessment of the resil -

PHOTO: AGNETA SUNDIN AGNETA PHOTO: ience of Arctic social-ecological systems, including the need for necessary transformational change. The purpose of a resilience analysis is to prepare decision-makers for managing Arctic social-ecological systems in a period of rapid change with large uncertainties.

New grant for Arctic research During the year we received a major grant from the EU as partners of a large research consortium (27 • Brian Walker pre- scale integrated models, such as a dynamic equi- partners) for the project Arctic Climate Change sented the Global librium theory integrating the well-known Solow Dynamics and Resil- Economy and Society (ACCESS). Climate change economic growth model and the Lovelock Daisy- ience programme is strongly impacting both marine ecosystems and at a well attended world ecological model. Others have focused on human activities in the Arctic, which in turn has session at the Resil- different kinds of syntheses to identify all kinds of important socio-economic implications for Europe. ience 2011 confer- patterns. Several researchers involved in this pro - ence in Arizona in ACCESS will evaluate the latest Arctic climate gramme were instrumental in writing the back- March. change scenarios and establish their impacts on ground papers for the 3rd Nobel Laureate sympo- marine transportation (including tourism), fisher- sium on Global Sustainability (described earlier ies, marine mammals and the extraction of hydro - in the Annual Report). The programme is further carbons in the Arctic for the next three decades described in Beijer Discussion Paper No. 228, pub - with particular attention to environmental sensitivi- lished in March 2011, which can be downloaded ties and sustainability. Understanding the socio- from the Beijer Institute website. economic impacts of these changes on markets, The next step will be a scoping workshop in Sep - economies and on European policy objectives along tember 2011 aimed at pinning down the handful of with their influence on Arctic governance are key significant feedbacks in global dynamics likely to areas of research within ACCESS. substantially impact on human well-being in the ACCESS is a 4 year European program (2011-2015). near future. The Beijer Institute will have a substantial role in ex ploring impacts on fisheries and will be instrumen- Resilience assessment of the Arctic tal in the synthesis of the project. www.access-eu.org. The Arctic region is currently in a period of rapid change – environmentally as well as politically and economically. Climate change is the driver that has received most attention, but a number of other drivers are also relevant for the Arctic, such as demo - graphic change and increased global demand for the resources of the region.

At the Arctic Council (AC) Ministerial meeting in the Greenland capital Nuuk in May 2011, it was decided that a scoping exercise should be arranged during the autumn of 2011 to review the need for an integrated assessment of multiple drivers of Arctic change, including an Arctic Resilience Report (ARR).

The ARR is a Swedish chairmanship priority that will be led by Stockholm Resilience Centre and Stockholm Environment Institute in collaboration with the Resilience Alliance, with Anne-Sophie PHOTO: HEMERA/THINKSTOCK

ANNUAL REPORTglobal dynamics and 2010–2011 resilience 27 Urban Social-Ecological Systems by Agneta Sundin and Johan Colding

New grants The efforts put into research applications have been fruitful during the past year. A SEK 6.6 mil - lion grant was obtained from Formas over three years for the project Moving from urban form to social-ecological form: Knowledge for urban resilience building, a joint effort with the Royal College of Technology, KTH (see page 31).

And just before the summer vacation we received the good news that the Beijer Institute togeth - er with Stockholm Resilience Centre (SRC) and other European partners had received funding from Biodiversa (nationally through Formas and the Swedish EPA) for the project URBES – Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.

In the context that ecosystems provide flexibility in urban landscapes and help build adaptive capac - ity to cope with problems such as increased risk of heat waves and flooding, the URBES project will focus on functional diversity, ecosystem services, institutions, economics and resilience science. The aim is to translate research insights into principles, landscape designs and (governance) applications. A toolbox will be developed with the intention of PHOTO: PHOTODISC/THINKSTOCK PHOTO: promoting sustainable management of urban biodiversity and ecosystem service generation and it will URBAN REGIONS ARE hubs of services, knowledge, be communicated to important stakeholders. To capital and innovation that offer solutions for achieve this, the research project is organised into humans and the environment, but they also create four different clusters addressing the most pressing great demands for resources and ecosystem servic- research questions in an interdisciplinary way: es and generate large volumes of waste. The con - I. Biodiversity and urban use of ecosystem tinuous increase in the number and size of urban services regions and the ensuing transformation of landscapes pose challenges to ensuring human wel- II. Valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem services fare and a liveable, sustainable environment. This III. Governance and management of ecosystems research programme aims at promoting resilient and ecosystem services urban development through integrated research on ecosystem services generation, social dynamics, IV. Communication and training governance networks and the built environment.

28 urban social-ecological systems Beijer Institute researchers involved in the URBES tem services. This collaboration is promising, since project are Erik Andersson, Gustav Engström, Åsa it can have a real impact on future regional devel - Jansson and Chan-Zhong Li. opment in Stockholm. Of special consideration has been the work on the Stockholm green wedge sys- The ongoing project SUPER - Sustainable Urban tem, where Beijer researchers are assisting in devel- Planning for Ecosystem services and Resilience was oping a new conceptual framework for what this granted another three years of funding from the green structure means in social-ecological terms for Swedish research council Formas. The aim of the greater Stockholm. SUPER project is to develop knowledge on how urban spatial planning processes can better inte- The urban theme has also committed itself to help grate ecosystem services so as to nurture urban broaden the education at the School of Architec - resilience. It strives to lay the foundations for inno - ture, the Royal Institute of Technology, by putting vations in urban planning and governance. Innova- ecology at the forefront in architectural education. tions are needed to enable cities to navigate change, One outcome is the upcoming teaching and practi- build local capacity to respond to disturbance and cal project events in the Master’s programme Sus- prepare for uncertainty, thereby enabling transi- tainable Urban Planning & Design, beginning in tions to sustainable urban trajectories. Within the autumn 2011. SUPER project, Beijer Institute researchers Johan Several Beijer Institute researchers, including Colding and Stephan Barthel are cooperating with Erik Andersson and Stephan Barthel in the urban researchers in the Netherlands and Turkey. theme, presented their research at the Resilience 2011 Conference in Arizona. In connection with Selected activities the conference, Stephan Barthel, Åsa Jansson and The urban social-ecological theme of Beijer has Agneta Sundin from the Beijer Institute together been engaged throughout 2010 and 2011 in a series with Thomas Elmqvist and Henrik Ernstson from of workshops with city planners at the Stockholm SRC organised a two-day pre-conference workshop Office of Regional Planning (Regionplanekon- funded by the SRC. The first day was devoted to toret). The purpose has been to help establish a a special issue project Exploring ecosystem services framework for resilience planning based on ecosys- in cities through the lens of resilience. The theme for day two was Resilience and transformation of urban areas and insights from that effort will become a • Participants of the Resilience and transformation of urban areas workshop, March book chapter in City Biodiversity Outlook, which is 2011. Back row: Henrik Ernstson, Cristy Watkins, Andrew Jones, Craig Nicholson, in process. Thomas Elmquist, Sally Duncan, Matteo Giusti, Keith G. Tidball, Erik Andersson. Front row: Madhusan Katti, Allison Whitmer, Steward Pickett, Christopher Boone, Azime Tezer, Bob Mugerauer, Sara Borgström, Agneta Sundin, Douglas Meffert.

PHOTO: THE BEIJER INSTITUTE

ANNUAL REPORTurban social-ecological 2010–2011 systems 29 Beijer ecologists team up with architects in new

project. SUNDIN AGNETA PHOTO:

Considering the speed of urbanisation, the con- struction of new cities and the expansion of existing cities, the form of new urban areas is increasingly important due to its influence on the interrelated socio-economic and ecological processes.

In the new project, Moving from urban form to social-ecological form, a pioneering collaboration • Architect Lars Marcus between ecologists and architects, researchers are investigating how urban form can promote desir- able social and ecological processes in a city that the distribution of a given quantity of green space create a better environment for its inhabitants – for all aspects of the urban environment. A keen people, animals and other living organisms. ornithologist, Erik is doing this by counting how many different species and individuals of birds are Urban form can be translated as the physical shape present in different kinds of suburbs. Other Bei- and spatial structure of a city. Whereas architects jer Institute researchers involved in this project are by tradition have looked mainly at a city’s built envi - Stephan Barthel and project leader Johan Colding. ronment and for example patterns of movement, land use, ownership and occupation, ecologists The cooperation with architects from the Royal have focused on such aspects as biodiversity and Institute of Technology (KTH) grew out of ecosystem services. the project Albano – a resilient urban campus, described in last year’s Annual Report, where both “Together we are now trying to create a knowl - the Beijer Institute and KTH are involved in the edge basis for how all these aspects can be brought • The wax wing planning of a new campus area for Stockholm together and addressed”, explains Erik Andersson, is an appreciated University. guest in the Stock- Beijer Institute ecologist. holm area with its “We wanted to build on the knowledge acquired He is carrying out an empirical study in a part of bright coulours and from the Albano project to create a new field of characteristic sound. the project that is investigating the importance of research”, says Lars Marcus, architect at KTH.

He explains that although architects are accus- tomed to working together with researchers from other fields such as economists, sociologists and others, it has mainly been within socio-economic systems.

“Architects have traditionally viewed green spaces only in recreational and aesthetic terms”, Lars Mar- cus continued, “taking into account the aspects of ecosystem function and services is new to us.”

However, both Erik Andersson and Lars Marcus agree that architecture and ecology have much in common and Lars Marcus gives an example:

“Architects such as I in the field of urban morphol - ogy share systems thinking with ecologists. We are both used to analysing a system to try to under - stand its different components.” He concludes: “Working together with ecologists is surprisingly easy and immensely stimulating.” PHOTO: ERIK ANDERSSON

30 urban social-ecological systems Supporting Environmental Economics Networks

by Agneta Sundin and Anastasios Xepapadeas (EDE)

THE BEIJER INSTITUTE cooperates with four region- The Mäler Scholarship al networks on environmental economics in Africa (CEEPA/RANESA), Asia (EEPSEA, SANDEE) Again with support from Sida, the Beijer Institute and Latin America (LACEEP). has introduced the Mäler Scholarship, intended for researchers from these networks. Through this, All but one of these networks (EEPSEA) were ini - the Beijer Institute wishes to support the networks tiated and developed in collaboration with the Bei- in creating increased capacity in their respective jer Institute under the leadership of former director regions in using economics for analysing resource Karl-Göran Mäler. The networks strive to strength- problems and essential environmental issues. en the local capacity for economic analysis of envi - ronmental problems and to conduct research on the During the past year, the Beijer Institute has inter-linkages between economic development, pov- received two Mäler Scholars: erty and environmental change, with the aim of pro - Sebastián Villasante (LACEEP), currently at the viding sound advice to policy makers. Researchers University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, com- connected to the Beijer Institute support the net- pleted his scholarship with a second visit in August works with activities such as participating in work- and September 2010. Dr. Villasante’s research shops organised in the network regions, evaluating focuses on complex social-ecological marine eco - research proposals, tutoring research and teach- systems, co-management, assessing ecological and ing short courses, with financial support from the economic effects of fisheries, aquaculture and other Swedish international development cooperation human activities on marine biodiversity; valuation agency (Sida). of marine ecosystem services, bioeconomic and

• Mäler Scholars Sebastián Villasante and Zanxin Wang.

PHOTO: AGNETA SUNDIN PHOTO: AGNETA SUNDIN

ANNUALsupporting environmental REPORT economics 2010–2011 networks 31 ecological modelling; governance of marine eco - and the Caribbean: An Economic Valuation of systems; climate change and game theory; Europe, Ecosystem. United Nations Environmental Pro- Latin America and the Caribbean. gram. New York, pp. 99–101.

During his stay, Dr. Villasante established collab - Villasante, S. (2011) The Chilean abalone fishery. In: orations with a number of researchers at the Bei - Bovarnick, A., F. Alpizar, C. Schnell (eds.) The jer Institute and Stockholm Resilience Centre and Importance of Biodiversity and Ecosystems in his work during the period resulted in a number of Economic Growth and Equity in Latin America publications: and the Caribbean: An Economic Valuation of Ecosystem, pp. 105–106. Peer-reviewed journals Honlonkou, A., Villasante, S., Folke, C. (in prep) Working papers New transformations of complex marine socio- Villasante S. (2011) TEEB case: Better fishery man- ecological systems: New findings from Argentina agement could significantly increase economic and Benin. returns, Argentina. Available at: TEEBweb.org.

Villasante, S., Antelo, M., Rodríguez, D., Quaas, Popular articles M., Österblom, H. (2011) The Global Seafood Villasante, S., Sumaila, R. (in press) Is cooperation Market Performance Index: Theoretical proposal better? The case study of the Argentinus shortfin and potential empirical applications. Marine Pol- squid fishery in South America. Fishbytes News- icy doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2011.04.007. letter #. Fisheries Centre. University of British Villasante, S., García-Negro, M.C., González Laxe, Columbia. F., Rodríguez Rodríguez, G. (2011) Overfishing and the Common Fisheries Policy: (un)successful results from TAC regulation? Fish and Fisheries Zanxin Wang from China (EEPSEA), Associate 12(1):34–50. Professor at the School of Development Studies, Yunnan University, visited the Beijer Institute for Villasante, S., Sumaila, R. (2010) Estimating the three months during the spring and will return for effects of technological efficiency on the European the second part of his scholarship during autumn fleet. Marine Policy, 34 (3): 720–722. 2011.

Books Within his scholarship, Dr Wang is investigating (1) Villasante, S. (2011) Towards a New Paradigm of the economic feasibility and optimal management Fisheries Management in Europe [In Spanish]. of the utilisation of water hyacinth as a phytoreme - Tórculo Editions. Santiago de Compostela, diation plant coupled with biogas production; (2) Spain, 355 pp. the sustainability of second generation biodiesel.

The first research project is a tentative to the prob - Chapters in books lem of controlling the boom in water hyacinth in Villasante, S., Antelo, M., Rodríguez, D. (2011) Re- eutrophied water bodies and it addresses three thinking the Common Fishery Policy through the questions: 1) Is the utilisation of water hyacinth to lens of resilience. In: Mahamane, A. (ed.) InTech purify water and produce biogas financially and Publisher, Croatia. economically feasible? 2) If it is economically fea- González-López, M., Trigo, A., Villasante, S. (2011) sible, how can water hyacinth stocks be optimally Production changes in the Spanish cod fishing managed, especially when its growth is subject to industry: Why institutional change is needed to nutrient change (regime shift)? and 3) Can phytore - survive. In: Lindkvist, K. (ed.) Innovations and mediation by water hyacinth transform a murky, Market Responses in the Norwegian Salted Fish eutrophied lake into a clean one? Industry. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 65–85. The purpose of the second research project is to Villasante, S. (2011) The Argentinean hake fishery. In: develop an improved theoretical and empirical Bovarnick, A., F. Alpizar, C. Schnell (eds.) The basis for the sustainable development of second Importance of Biodiversity and Ecosystems in generation biodiesel. The main research questions Economic Growth and Equity in Latin America include:

32 supporting environmental economics networks jer institute has helped finance the involvement by Professors Vincent and de Zeeuw in a number of SANDEE and EEPSEA activities. They were both invited speakers at the SANDEE 10 th anniversary conference in Kathmandu, Nepal, where Karl-Göran Mäler held a plenary address. Jeff Vin -

PHOTO: XINHUA/EYEVINE/IBL BILDBYRÅ XINHUA/EYEVINE/IBL PHOTO: cent has participated in two SANDEE workshops at which several of his advisees presented their final reports. He has also taken on advisory responsibilities for six new projects, five of which constitute the first-ever joint EEPSEA-SANDEE research programme. These five studies are investigating the impacts of climate change on migration. The coun - tries involved are Bangladesh, India and Pakistan from SANDEE and China and the Philippines from EEPSEA. Professor Vincent has written a

•• Native to South chapter in the SANDEE book published by Cam - America, the water bridge University Press in July 2011 and entitled hyacinth with it’s Environmental Valuation in South Asia. beautiful flowers is a fast-growing plant which is creating huge problems, clog-

ging up lakes and ISTOCKPHOTO/THINKSTOCK PHOTO: EDE waterways in many ENVIRONMENT AND parts of the world. DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

The journal Environment and Development Eco - nomics (EDE) was founded by, and is published in association with, the Beijer Institute. It is edited by Anastasios Xepapadeas, Chairman of the Beijer Institute board.

Environment and Development Economics is positioned at the intersection of environmental, 1. How can the sustainability of second generation resource and development economics. The Edi- biodiesel be assessed? tor and Associate Editors, supported by a distin - guished panel of advisors from around the world, 2. What are the appropriate policies to achieve sus- aim to encourage submissions from research- tainable production? and ers in the field in both developed and developing 3. What are the institutional requirements? countries.

The aim of both studies is to provide the basis for The journal is divided into two main sections: The - devising sound policies in these areas and to gener- ory and Applications, which includes regular aca- ate knowledge and analytical methods for similar demic papers, and Policy Options, which includes problems. papers that may be of interest to the wider policy community. Environment and Development Eco- nomics also publishes Policy Fora (discussions Activities based on a focal paper) and Book Reviews. From time to time, the journal publishes special issues Beijer fellow Jeff Vincent and Beijer Institute board based on a particular theme. member Aart de Zeeuw together with Christi- na Leijonhuvfud administer the Beijer Institute’s support to the regional networks in environmen- General tal economics, including the application process The past 12-month period saw a continuing for the Mäler Scholarships. In addition, the Bei- increase in submissions to the journal, a sharp rise –

ANNUALsupporting environmental REPORT economics 2010–2011 networks 33 Latin Australia , America 9% and NZ 2% , , USA and Canada 18% Asia 34% , , , ,

, Middle West Europe , East 2% 20% Africa 10% , East Europe 5%

Figure 1. Impact factor for EDE, 2003–2010. Figure 2. Geographical distribution of authors of manuscripts published in 2010.

nearly double – in the journal’s impact factor, and an that were published in 2010. It is interesting to note increase in the proportion of manuscripts submit- that the number of published manuscripts with ted from the developing regions of the world. This authors from developing areas slightly exceeded indicates the journal’s effectiveness in addressing that with authors from developed areas. one of its primary objectives, capacity building in During the past 12 months, the journal published developing areas of the world. two special issues. The first, which appeared in Much of the recognition for the journal’s ability to December 2010, is an anniversary issue to commem- carry out this important role should go to the jour - orate the journal’s operations over the past 15 years, nal’s Associate Editors, who invest a great deal of and includes papers from some of the people who effort in helping to shape papers that show prom - have played a very key role in the journal’s develop - ise, but need a significant amount of development ment. The papers in this issue have received a large and revision. In many cases, significant assistance number of downloads over the past six months. is also provided to authors of manuscripts even The second special issue, guest-edited by Fran- though the manuscripts are eventually rejected. cisco Alpizar and Juan-Pablo Montero, deals with ‘Critical Environmental and Development Issues in The most recent impact factor information for the Latin America’, and was published in the June 2011 journal (Thompson Reuters), which was released in issue of EDE. late June, shows a significant upswing in the journal’s citation factor (Figure 1). However, it is important to be cautious regarding the impact factor, as it Future targets can be quite a volatile measurement. Nevertheless, The journal’s objectives continue to be the pro - it is widely utilised as one of the factors that assess motion of high quality theoretical and empirical the contribution of published articles, and as such research in environment and development econom- is an important consideration for any journal. ics, the provision of capacity building in develop - ing countries related to these issues, and the focus – Performance through special issues – on areas of current research and policy interest which combine environmental A total of 171 manuscripts were submitted to Envi- and resource economics with development consid- ronment and Development Economics in 2010 (Fig- erations. At the recent Board meeting in Rome, ure 2), a slight increase over the 160 manuscripts there were several interesting suggestions for future submitted in 2009. Based on the submissions for special issues which will be explored in the com - the first six months of 2011, total submissions for ing year. the current year are projected to be about the same anastasios XEpapadEas, eDitoR oF eDe anD ChaiRman oF as for 2010. the beiJeR institute’s boaRD oF DiReCtoRs

Figure 2 provides a breakdown of the geographical distribution of the authors of the 35 manuscripts

34 supporting environmental economics networks Stockholm Resilience Centre – context and action

by Carl Folke

THE BEIJER INSTITUTE is a founding partner of Stock- holm Resilience Centre and the organisations collaborate closely on science and communication. Integrative research is carried out through joint grants, projects and workshops. Joint science and policy events are organised, with the Nobel Laure - ate Symposium as the highlight of the year. Beijer Institute staff and fellows serve as SRC theme lead - ers, advisory committee members and board members. The communication and outreach of the Bei- jer Institute is substantially magnified through the close collaboration with SRC and Albaeco, and research results, workshops and events are high- lighted at the SRC website.

Stockholm Resilience Centre is an international centre that advances interdisciplinary research for governance of social-ecological systems with particular emphasis on resilience – the ability to deal with and regime shifts, and on developing management change and continue to develop. SRC is a joint and governance strategies to steer free from these initiative of the Beijer Institute, the Royal Swed- and adapt or even transform to improved situations. ish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm Environment Institute and Stockholm University. Resilience thinking and research themes The Research Framework SRC researchers investigate the interplay between Humanity is faced with the largest challenge ever, periods of gradual change and periods of abrupt to redefine our relationship with the biosphere and change, the ability to reorganise and develop in translate this into operational governance and man- the face of change and how to turn crises into new agement to enable a sustainable future. Research at opportunities for sustainability, across scales. Three SRC is framed by an integrated view of people and features of resilience thinking for analysing social- nature as social-ecological systems with the objec- ecological systems in relation to sustainability are tive of improved stewardship of ecosystem services emphasised: for human wellbeing. The challenge is addressed from a complex adaptive systems approach and ✜ Persistence – the buffering capacity to withstand through analyses of cross-scale interactions, from shocks in the face of change. local to global, from history to the future, predomi - ✜ Adaptability – the capacity of people in a social- nantly by applying a resilience lens. ecological system to manage resilience in order Particular focus is on understanding the risks and to deal with change, move on and continue to opportunities of social-ecological tipping points develop.

ANNUALstockholm resilience REPORT centre – context 2010–2011 and action 35 ✜ Transformability – the capacity of people in a how stakeholders on different levels collaborate social-ecological system to create new develop - and interact in the management of landscapes ment pathways when ecological, political, social and seascapes. or economic conditions make the existing sys- ✜ Water, food, ecosystem services in social-ecologi- tem untenable. cal landscapes – connects work on poverty alle- Research at Stockholm Resilience Centre is organ- viation, bundles of ecosystem services and their ised into six overarching themes. These themes management and governance with regime shifts interact with each other and act as platforms for and global cross-scale dynamics. transdisciplinary collaboration and innovation. ✜ Coastal and marine social-ecological systems – ✜ Regime shifts and implications in social-ecolog- building on the strength of the Baltic Nest Insti - ical systems – a major research niche of SRC, tute, this theme studies the social-ecological expanding insights from ecological systems into impacts of how fisheries, coral reefs and aquacul- social-ecological systems as a whole. tures are governed, from coastal areas to global levels. ✜ Global and cross-scale dynamics of social-ecological systems – a largely unexplored area focusing ✜ Urban social-ecological systems – a hitherto large- on drivers, feedbacks and governance challenges ly unexplored field integrating research on eco - in relation to planetary boundaries and ecosys- system services generation, social dynamics, gov- tem services. ernance networks and the built environment in urban areas in different parts of the world. ✜ Multilevel adaptive governance, learning and transformations of social-ecological systems – an The themes involve scholars from the natural and increasingly relevant research area analysing social sciences and the humanities, within SRC, in

VISION AND MISSION

The vision of Stockholm Resilience Centre is a world where cal systems in order to secure ecosystem services for human social-ecological systems are understood, governed and wellbeing and resilience for long-term sustainability. We managed to enhance human well-being and the capacity to apply and further develop the scientific advancements of this deal with complexity and change, for the sustainable co-evo- research with practice, policy and academic training. lution of human civilisations with the biosphere. The achievements of Stockholm Resilience Centre during The mission of Stockholm Resilience Centre is to advance 2010 are presented in the SRC Annual Report and further research for governance and management of social-ecologi- information is provided at www.stockholmresilience.su.se

Ecosystems, Development, Insight cluster themes Human Well-being

Integrated SES, CAS, Regime shifts in social-ecological systems (SES) Cross-scale Dynamics

Resilience, Adaptability, Global and cross-level dynamics of SES Transformability

Multilevel adaptive governance, learning and transformation of SES Cross-cutting themes

Water, food, ES in SE- Coastal & landscapes Urban SES Marine SES

36 stockholm resilience centre – context and action Sweden and internationally. The Beijer Institute’s formations to enable active stewardship of social- competence in ecological economics is of great sig- ecological systems for sustainable development, nificance for the development and activities of SRC including mitigation of poverty. and three themes have theme leaders from the Bei - PECS research will focus on i) the nested multi- jer Institute (global, marine, urban). scale dynamics of social-ecological systems (sea- SRC and the Beijer Institute are currently engaged scapes and landscapes), ii) the stewardship of these in drawing out new insights from their research systems and the ecosystem services they generate activities through taking a step back and reflect- and iii) the relationships between ecosystem servic- ing on the progress. The theme leaders met during es and human well-being, wealth and poverty. the spring of 2011 to try and crystallise the insights A transdisciplinary, comparative, place-based into new findings for resilience thinking and theory approach, that is international in scope, is at the development. core of PECS research.

Program on Ecosystem Change The programme is jointly sponsored by ICSU and Society and UNESCO and complements the four other ICSU-sponsored global environmental change The International Council for Science asked Stock- programmes and the Earth Systems Science Part- holm Resilience Centre to serve as the Interna- nership. PECS aims to provide a solid scientific tional Programme Office (IPO) of the recently knowledge base to the Intergovernmental Platform launched global change Programme on Ecosystem on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Change and Society (PECS). PECS is chaired by which will play a similar role to that of the IPCC in Beijer board member and fellow Stephen Carpen- climate change. ter, while Beijer director Carl Folke has been serv- ing as director of PECS since spring 2011. Science, practice and policy The vision of PECS, a truly interdisciplinary scien- Another important part of SRC activities is the tific programme and a follow-up of the Millennium strong emphasis on policy dialogues, capacity Ecosystem Assessment (MA), in particular the sub- development and communication. There have also global assessments, is a world where human actions been several interactions with different government have transformed toward stewardship of social-eco - ministries during the year to present our research logical systems for global sustainability. The goal of findings and provide advice. PECS is to generate scientific and policy-relevant knowledge of social-ecological dynamics and trans-

ANNUALstockholm resilience REPORT centre – context 2010–2011 and action 37 A snapshot of events by Carl Folke and Agneta Sundin

Oceans and from human actions in an increasingly interconnected Climate Change global society, expressed in climate challenges such as ocean acidification and sea level rise, intense fish - This one-day conference, subtitled The Scientif- ing pressure, widespread pollution, changes in marine ic Basis for Meeting Future Challenges for Coast- biodiversity, large-scale aquaculture and general al Development and Poverty Reduction, was held coastal development. Coastal people in low income in Stockholm on 12 October 2010. It was arranged countries and small island states are already suffer- by Max Troell of the Beijer Institute and SRC ing from the effects of e.g. extreme temperatures on and Johan Sundberg of the Swedish International coastal ecosystems and increasing sea levels. Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. Against this background, the main objective for the

• Small scale fish- Marine and coastal social-ecological systems are conference was to provide a review of the scientif - ing in Kenya. experiencing increasing and interacting pressures ic basis of the major present and future challenges

PHOTO: OSKAR HENRIKSSON/AZOTE

38 a snapshot of events for ocean and coastal areas in the face of climate driven change. The intention is to adopt a holistic approach and promote discussion on the effects, especially on poor people’s livelihoods and the developmental challenges to counteract this by pos-

sible adaptation and mitigation measures. LEIJONHUFVUD CHRISTINA PHOTO:

An additional objective was to raise marine issues and needs on the development agenda and arrive at a general understanding about the importance of large ocean and coastal-scale challenges.

Beijer Institute Director Carl Folke was among the speakers and presented issues relating to loss of ecosystem services and social-ecological resilience in a marine and coastal environment.

• Marty Anderies organiser of the Resilience 2011 conference and Jon Norberg, SRC. Agriculture and the planetary boundaries Resilience 2011 Agriculture is vital for human well-being and eco - Conference nomic growth in many regions of the world. At the same time, it is the human activity with largest A large number of Beijer Institute and Stockholm impact on the planet. Agriculture uses 37% of ter- Resilience Centre (SRC) staff formed part of the restrial land surface; emits large amounts of CO2 Scientific Committee, organised sessions and pre- from fossil fuel burning and land clearing; accounts sented their research at the second Resilience Con - for 70% of human blue water use and almost all of ference, in the series initiated by the Beijer Insti - the evaporation of water attributed to humans; and tute and SRC with the Resilience 2008 conference has brought about a doubling of human nitrogen in Stockholm. The Resilience 2011 conference was fixation and a tripling of phosphorus flux to the bio - held in Tempe, Arizona, and organised by Arizona sphere through fertilisers. Thus agriculture is push- State University in cooperation with the Resilience ing a number of planetary boundaries, including Alliance. those for radiative forcing of climate change, water The aim of the conference, entitled Resilience, Inno- availability, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, vation and Sustainability: Navigating the Complexi- and loss of ecosystems for biodiversity. This means ties of Global Change, was to advance understand- that we fundamentally need to rethink agricul- ing of the relationships among resilience, vulner- ture to stay within the planetary boundaries. The ability, innovation and sustainability. It did do so workshop discussed the options we have to feed an by bringing together scientists to share their work expected 9 billion people while remaining within on the dynamics of interconnected social-ecologi- the limits of the planetary boundaries, and how this cal systems. Conference attendees included people challenge interacts with ‘social boundaries’ such as from the government, business, NGOs and aca- dietary expectations and potential changes in man- demic sectors concerned with resource governance agement practices and governance systems. Experts and economic and social development. A key out- from different fields in relation to agriculture and come of conference discussions will be the develop - the planetary boundaries gathered in Stockholm on ment and refinement of new ideas for meeting the 24-25 January 2011 to explore possibilities of quan - challenge of global change. tifying some of these aspects at the global scale. Articles from that meeting are in preparation. The It was exciting to see how far the research agen - workshop was arranged by Stockholm Resilience da of the Resilience Alliance, of which the Beijer Centre, the Beijer Institute and the new ICSU Institute is a partner, has developed and is engag- Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society ing more and more scientific disciplines and areas – PECS. of society.

ANNUAL REPORTa snapshot 2010–2011 of events 39 PHOTO: AGNETA SUNDIN AGNETA PHOTO:

• Carl Folke and Klas Eklund, Senior Who has to leave? UNEP foresight panel Economist at SEB, SWEDISH SOCIETY FOR NATURE The Beijer Director has been engaged, along with one of Sweden's major banks, ques- CONSERVATION SYMPOSIUM some twenty researchers, in an Expert Foresight tioned by the SSNC Panel of the United Nations Environmental Pro - The Beijer Institute was invited and amply repre - General Secretary, gramme. The purpose of the UNEP Foresight Svante Axelsson. sented at the annual gathering of one of Sweden’s Process was to produce a careful and authoritative largest NGO’s – the Swedish Society for Nature ranking of the twenty-one most important emerging Conservation (SSNC). This year the focus was on issues related to the global environment. UNEP Biodiversity and Conservation – Who has to Leave? aims to inform the UN and wider international and the symposium, jointly organised with the mag- community on a timely basis about these issues, as azine MiljöAktuellt, attracted several hundred par- well as provide input to its own work programme ticipants. The activities and findings of Beijer Insti- and that of other UN agencies. The issues and tute and Stockholm Resilience Centre were pre- their ranking can be seen on the UNEP website. sented by the communications team and the Beijer Director gave a plenary presentation, followed by a panel discussion on the significance of biodiversity and ecosystem services for economic development.

40 a snapshot of events Appendix

Board of Directors

Board members of the Beijer Institute of Ecologi- Kanchan Chopra cal Economics are appointed by the Royal Swedish Former Professor and Director, Institute of Eco - Academy of Sciences for a three-year period, and nomic Growth, Delhi, India should not be re-elected more than once, according • Beijer Institute Gretchen Daily Board 2010. Back to the standing instructions for the Beijer Institute row: Staffan Nor- Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, approved by the Royal Swedish Academy of Scienc - mark, Scott Barrett, Stanford University, USA Aart de Zeeuw, Ste- es on 5 June 1991. The first Board of Directors for phen Polasky, Carl the new Institute was elected on 5 June 1991. The Jeffrey Vincent Folke, Jeff Vincent. 20th annual board meeting was held at the Royal Professor, Duke University, USA Front row: Anne- Swedish Academy of Sciences on 10 September Sophie Crépin, Terry All three have been on the Beijer board since 2005 Hughes, Marten 2010. and the Beijer Institute wish to express it’s warm - Scheffer, Stephen Carpenter, Anasta- With the latest board meeting three members est gratitude for their great efforts for the Institute sios Xepapadeas. reached the end of their term: over the years.

PHOTO: AGNETA SUNDIN

ANNUAL REPORT 2010–2011appendix 41 ngela Ternström left the Institute at the end of 2010 and has moved Ion to work as a consultant. Ingela joined the Institute just after finish- ing her PhD in Economics at the end of 2002 and spent over eight years with us. After a visit to Elinor Ostrom’s group in Bloomington during the spring of 2003, her research focus at Beijer was mainly on issues relat- PHOTO: CECILIA NORDSTRAND CECILIA PHOTO: ing to the management of common pool resources in developing countries. In addition, she looked at the impact of HIV/AIDS on the management and use of local natural resources, for which she obtained a grant from the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida). In addition to her research work, she was responsible for the Beijer Institute's budgetary and accounting tasks for a number of years. More recently, together with Therese Lindahl and Anne-Sophie Crépin, she organised the PhD course Economics of the Environment given by the Institute within the PhD programme in Economics at Stockholm University. We will miss Ingela and wish her the best of luck in the future!

Board of Directors 2010–2011 Terry Hughes

chairman Professor, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia Anastasios Xepapadeas Professor, University of Athens, Greece Stephen Polasky Professor, University of Minnesota, USA ex-officio members Marten Scheffer Carl Folke* Professor, Wageningen University, the Netherlands Director, the Beijer Institute, Sweden

Anne- Sophie Crépin At the Board Meeting in September 2011 we Deputy Director, the Beijer Institute, Sweden welcome four new Board members: Eric Lambin Staffan Normark* Professor, University of Louvain, Belgium Professor, Permanent Secretary of the Royal Swed- ish Academy of Sciences, Sweden Rosamond Naylor Professor, Stanford University, USA members Karine Nyborg Scott Barrett Professor, University of Oslo, Norway Lenfest-Earth Institute Professor of Natural Resource Economics, Columbia University, USA M. Scott Taylor Professor, University of Calgary, Canada Stephen Carpenter* Professor, University of Wisconsin, USA Kanchan Chopra Staff members Professor, Environmental Economics Unit, Insti- tute of Economic Growth, New Delhi, India Carl Folke, Professor, Director

Gretchen Daily Anne-Sophie Crépin, PhD, Deputy Director Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Erik Andersson, PhD, Researcher Stanford University, California, USA Stephan Barthel, PhD, Researcher Aart de Zeeuw Professor, Tilburg Sustainability Center, Tilburg Pim Bendt, Master’s student, Research assistant University, the Netherlands Johan Colding, PhD, Researcher * member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

42 appendix Gustav Engström, PhD candidate, Researcher Organisation Åsa Jansson, PhD, Researcher The Institute’s administration is partly carried out by, or coordinated with, the Royal Swedish Acad- Christina Leijonhufvud, BA, Administrator emy of Sciences, for example accounting and main - Chuan Zhong Li, Professor, Programme Director tenance of premises and computers. Other adminis- trative procedures are performed independently by Therese Lindahl, PhD, Researcher the Institute. Karl-Göran Mäler, Professor emeritus, former Director, Research Associate Christina Leijonhufvud Christina was responsible for the administration of Stephen Polasky, Professor, Programme Director the Board and Askö meetings in September 2010 Jason Shogren, Professor, Programme Director and she organised the workshop ‘Inconvenient feedbacks in Global Dynamics II’ on 14-15 September Agneta Sundin, Communications officer and finan- 2010, as well as the ‘3rd Meeting of the Programme cial controller of Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) Scientific Max Troell, Associate Professor, Researcher Committee’ on 26-27 January 2011. She is responsible for administration of the Mäler Scholarships and Brian Walker, PhD, Programme Director other guest research posts. However her main task Aart de Zeeuw, Professor, Programme Director in the past year has been organising the ‘ 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability’ held 16-18 May 2011 at the Academy, where Christina Visiting scientists and was symposium coordinator. graduate students Agneta Sundin Agneta is communications officer and financial Jessica Coria, PhD, University of Gothenburg, Sep- controller. Her responsibilities include developing tember 2010 – March 2011 and editing the website, administrating the Beijer Dieter Grass, PhD, Vienna University of Technology, Publication Series and editing the Annual Report. January 2010 This year she has also produced a new Beijer Insti - tute information brochure. As financial controller Sebastián Villasante, PhD, University Santiago de she handles budgetary and accounting issues for Compostela, August – September 2010 and May 2011 the Beijer Institute. A member of the Stockholm Jeffrey Vincent, Professor, Duke University, Resilience Centre Communications team, Agneta August – September 2010 is also involved in activities arranged jointly by the SRC, Beijer and Albaeco. In connection with the Zanxin Wang, Dr, Yunnan University, April – June 2011 Resilience 2011 conference in Arizona, March 2011, she organised a two-day workshop together with researchers from the urban themes at Beijer and Administration Stockholm Resilience Centre. During spring 2011, the organisation of the ‘3rd Nobel Laureate Sympo- Office location sium on Global Sustainability’ in May was her main The Beijer Institute is located in a wing of the early task. 20th century building of the Royal Swedish Acad- emy of Sciences at Frescati, a science and university area about 2 km north of Stockholm City. The area is situated in one of Stockholm’s green belts, Ekoparken, which also includes some of the inlets of the Baltic Sea. Ekoparken has been declared a ‘national city park’ by the Swedish parliament. The Institute’s visiting address is Lilla Frescativägen 4, Stockholm.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010–2011appendix 43 Funding over the years of collaboration include three papers in Science, two in PNAS, two in TREE, and one Core funding for the Beijer Institute is provided by each in Nature, Ecology and Society, Conservation the Kjell and Märta Beijer Foundation. Funding Biology and Ambio. Currently, two papers are in for the Beijer Institute’s research activities between preparation, drawing on the workshop at the Gala- 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2011 was also provided by: pagos Islands in 2009 and at Åland in the Baltic Sea in 2010. ✜ The European Commission

✜ The Ebba and Sven Schwartz Foundation The Resilience Alliance ✜ The Foundation for Strategic Environmental A central network of collaboration is the Resilience Research, MISTRA Alliance (RA), an international consortium of leading research groups and organisations that collab - ✜ The Research Council of Norway. orate to explore the dynamics of social-ecological ✜ The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences systems and seek novel ways to integrate science and policy in order to discover foundations for sus- ✜ The Swedish International Development Coop- tainability (www.resalliance.org). The RA and the eration Agency, Sida focus on social-ecological systems emerged out of ✜ The Swedish Research Council for Environ- research programmes of the Beijer Institute in the ment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Plan- 1990s and the Beijer Institute is an active mem - ning, FORMAS ber of the Alliance. The journal Ecology and Soci - ety is owned by the Resilience Alliance, with Beijer ✜ Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Associa- Director Carl Folke as one of the editors-in-chief. tion, WIOMSA

The SARAS collaboration Collaborations The Beijer Institute is engaged in developing the new South American Institute for Resilience and Australian Research Council, Centre Sustainability Studies (SARAS), an interdisciplin- of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies ary research institute designed to catalyse high- impact science that serves to enhance South Amer- The Beijer Institute serves as a partner investiga- ica’s long-term resilience and sustainable develop - tor in Programme 5 of the ARC centre – Resilience ment, launched in December 2007 in Montevideo, of Linked Social-ecological Systems (www.coral- Uruguay. coe.org.au). The objective of the programme is to provide new solutions to managing resilience and SARAS is being developed into a regional centre coping with change, uncertainty, risk and surprise cooperating closely with scientific communities in complex social-ecological systems. The over- and related funding agencies in several of the South all aim is to improve the governance and manage - American countries and with an established set of ment of natural systems and enhance their capacity international key scientists. The SARAS building to sustain human and natural capital. This repre - will be located on the coast of Uruguay and will sents a major new programme of innovative multi- provide facilities for workshops, courses and sab - disciplinary research, which will combine expertise baticals. The Beijer Institute and Stockholm Resil- on coral reef biology, management, governance, ience Centre are strongly engaged in the emergence economics and social sciences. A major outcome of SARAS. There is a Science Board, members of is to develop information, guidelines and tools for which include Beijer fellows Stephen Carpenter coral reef managers and planners on climate change and Marten Scheffer and also Carl Folke. risks and adaptation options. The scope of this pro - gramme is global. Nordic Centre of Excellence The collaboration and workshops have generated Through collaboration with Stockholm Resilience new insights on the management and governance Centre, Beijer researchers participate in a Nor- of coral reefs and other coastal social-ecological dic Centre of Excellence on Climate Change Effects systems and have influenced policy. Publications on Marine Ecosystems and Resource Economics.

44 appendix The Beijer Director serves as co-leader of the pro - Formas Centre of Excellence; gramme with Professor Nils Christian Stenseth Resilience and sustainability – from the Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary integrated research on social- Synthesis at the University of Oslo. The five-year ecological systems programme will explore the biological, economic The collaborative programme of the Beijer Insti- and societal risks and opportunities of global cli- tute, Stockholm Resilience Centre and Stockholm mate change on fisheries resources across the Nor- Environment Institute (SEI) funded by Formas dic region, with the Atlantic cod as the primary – the Swedish Research Council for the Environ - focus. Through post-doc posts and PhD student- ment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Plan- ships, there will be internationally collaborative ning – is in its final phase. The programme has projects between the participating partners in the been in operation since January 2006 and is focus- Nordic countries. The Top-level Research Initiative ing on complex systems, regime shifts and resil- of Nordforsk funds the programme. ience, emphasising the need for new integrated and adaptive approaches to social and economic devel- The Nereus Programme opment, where the complex interconnectedness Over-exploitation of the world’s fish resources has between humans and nature, at all scales, is consid - caused serious declines in fish populations, and ered and the existence of uncertainty accepted as there is widespread concern that the world’s oceans the rule. will be unable to supply fish products for future Carl Folke is programme leader, in close collabora- generations. Given the importance of marine fish- tion with Karl-Göran Mäler and Johan Rockström. eries for food security throughout the world, this The funds predominantly support several young poses a serious threat for coming generations, and scholars from different disciplines. we must ask if there will be sufficient fish prod - ucts for our children and grandchildren. The Nere - The Centre of Excellence programme has been a us Programme was launched to provide scientific cornerstone in the joint collaboration between the advice on these very issues. It is an international three partners of Stockholm Resilience Centre. The research and outreach network, which once fully programme has been subjected to international established will have five leading academic institu- evaluation, as described in earlier Annual Reports. tions as partners. It is focused on understanding the status of the global ocean and how we can ensure that there will continue to be fish products and a Teaching and training healthy ocean for our children and grandchildren to enjoy. The researchers of the programme are based The Beijer Institute serves as a link between uni - at the University of British Columbia, Princeton versity departments and institutions working with University, Duke University, WCMC/Cambridge ecological economics issues, and PhD students University, Stockholm Resilience Centre and the are involved in its research programmes and proj- Beijer Institute. The Nippon Foundation is provid- ects. The Institute organises training workshops ing financial support for a nine-year period. and international research seminars on environment and development and international training The Swedish Foundation Ebba och Sven Schwartz programmes. Stiftelse supports Stockholm Resilience Centre and the Beijer Institute through a career grant to three skilful researchers, 2011-2013, with possibilities for PhD Course: extension. The overall focus of the grant is to find The Economics of the Environment ways to allow people to take account of ecosystem This course is held by the Beijer Institute biannual - support and services in decision making. The proj- ly and gives an overview of the field of Environmen - ects concern economic theory, regime shifts and tal Economics, as well as a deeper understanding wellbeing; freshwater, agriculture and ecosystem of a few selected areas. It covers basic theories and services; and adaptive governance of social-ecologi- addresses how the complexity of the socio-ecological systems in dynamic landscapes and seascapes. cal environment alters these theories.

The objective of the course is to provide students with an introduction to environmental economics,

ANNUAL REPORT 2010–2011appendix 45 as well as a deeper understanding of a few selected 24 August: Dr. Elliott Norse areas. The course covers basic theories and pro - US oceans policy and place-based ecosystem vides deeper knowledge about how the complexity management of the socio-ecological environment alters these the- 16 September: Dr. Brian Walker ories. The focus areas include resource economics, Global change, the Arctic and resilience international environmental agreements, informal solutions to resource management problems and 22 September: Prof. Jeffrey Vincent valuation, including green accounting. Evidence of ecosystem services of tropical forests

16 December: Prof. Thomas Elmqvist PhD Course: and Åsa Norrman Ecology and Economic Management Reflections on the post-Nagoya process, IPBES This course aims to provide students in Environ - and TEEB mental Economics with an understanding of the complexity and functions of interlinked socio-eco - 2011 logical systems, and the implications this has for 28 January: Prof. Juan Carlos Castilla governance. The course is aimed at PhD students The 2010 earthquake and tsunamis in Chile: Bio- participating in the SIDA-financed PhD pro - physical and social impacts along the coast and gramme in Environmental Economics at Gothen- on small-scale artisan fisheries burg University and it is held at the Beijer Institute 17 February: Dr. Compton Tucker every second year. The PhD programme was estab - Observing climate with satellites — are we on lished by the Beijer Institute and the Environment thin ice? Economics unit at Gothenburg University in 1997. The purpose of the programme is to strengthen the 4 April: Dr. Jason J. Blackstock capacity in developing countries to teach environ- Governing solar geoengineering: from laboratory mental economics at university level, and to estab - research to the real (political) world. lish a firm basis for research that can be used for 6 May: Dr. François Gemenne policy advice pertaining to environmental econom- Should they stay or should they go? Environmen- ics and sustainable development. tal migration in a warmer world

The Stockholm Seminar: Frontiers in Brown Bag Lunch Seminars Sustainability Science and Policy The Brown Bag Lunch Seminars are a joint initia - The Stockholm Seminars are arranged by the Bei- tive between the Beijer Institute, Stockholm Resil- jer Institute, Stockholm Environmental Institute, ience Centre, Stockholm Environment Institute, IGBP and the Stockholm Resilience Centre, along Albaeco and the Natural Resource Management with Albaeco. They cover a broad range of perspec - group at the Department of Systems Ecology. The tives on sustainability issues and focus on the need seminars aim to provide a platform for staff, stu - for a sound scientific basis for sustainable develop - dents and visitors at the institutions that together ment policy. form the Stockholm Resilience Centre, to share The seminars are given at the Royal Swedish Acad - their work in an informal manner with ample time emy of Sciences and attended by a large audience, for discussion. The Brown Bag Seminars have including scientists, students, media and policy- proved to be a success and often attract a large makers in the public and private sector. audience.

During 2010/2011, the following seminars were held Autumn 2010 at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences: 29 September: Prof. Bo Kjellén Climate science and climate politics 2010 23 August: Prof. Clarie Kremen 13 October: Jacob von Heland, Prof. Carl Folke Pollination services and agroecosystems: Ecosystem services and culture – the case of south- Searching for sustainability ern Madagascar

46 appendix 27 October: Linus Dagerskog, Dr. Louise Karlberg The Askö Meeting Exploring the potential of the triple green Since 1993, the Beijer Institute has organised an approach in Niger: Integrating closed loop sanita- annual meeting in September for informal discus- tion, water harvesting and soil conservation sions between ecologists and economists at the 24 November: Dr. Elin Enfors Stockholm Centre for Marine Research at Askö, a Dealing with changing variability: Trends in dry Swedish island in the Baltic Sea. The Askö meet - spell frequency in semi-arid and dry, sub-humid, ings have generated unique cooperation between sub-Saharan Africa these disciplines and each meeting has resulted in a consensus document, often published in a leading 25 November: Dr. Lailai Li scientific journal. China ecosystem service and management strategy: Scenario analysis The Askö meeting is described in more detail earli - er in this Annual Report 8 December: Nelson Ekane Risk perception and sanitation behaviour: Iden- tifying and overcoming non-technical barriers for health protection within sanitation systems. Staff members’

Spring 2011 publications and activities 16 March: Rasmus Klocker Larsen Staff members’ research activities are presented at The researcher as stakeholder? Exploring rigour events such as conferences, workshops and semi- in the science-policy interface nars. To stimulate interaction between staff members at both the Beijer Institute and Stockholm 24 March: Dr. Katrin Prager Resilience Centre, joint internal seminars take On multi-stakeholder partnerships and bridg- place regularly. Below is a selection of staff mem - ing organisations in sustainable landscape bers’ publications and activities during 2010/2011. management

31 March: Dr. Marcus Carson Erik Andersson Drivers and obstacles influencing US climate PhD, researcher politics Research focus: 12 April: Dr. Annica Sandström Urban ecology Social challenges and social networks: How a network approach can enhance natural resource Seminars and symposium presentations: governance ✜ Resilience 2011 Conference, March 2011, Phoe- 13 April: Prof. Frank Ackerman nix, USA Climate damage in the FUND model: A disaggre- ✜ Symposium: Betydelsen av naturen i stadsmiljön gated analysis för det urbana samhället (The importance of 3 May: Dr. Oonsie Biggs, Juan Carlos Rocha nature in city environments for urban society) On the regime shifts database arranged by Umeå Municipality, Umeå, Sweden

12 May: Dr. Johan Colding, Dr. Erik Andersson, ✜ Nordic Forum Real Estate, June 2011, Lars Marcus Stockholm Urban form Teaching and training: 24 May: Dr. Annika E Nilsson, Dr. Anne-Sophie ✜ One lecture and supervision of a three-week Crépin, Prof. Sverker Sörlin group project in the undergraduate course The Arctic – Rapid change and new challenges Nature and Society, Stockholm University Last week June: Dr. Jessica Dempsey Life is not for sale Commissions: ✜ Report on the ecological potential of the Albano estate, commissioned by Akademiska Hus.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010–2011appendix 47 Teaching and training: Stephan Barthel ✜ Sustainable Development, 7.5 credit undergrad- PhD, researcher uate course, Stockholm University, main lecturer, October 2010 Research focus: 1. Urban ecosystem services, resilience, green ✜ Urban Environmental History, 7.5 credit Mas- architecture, urban gardens, social-ecological ter’s course, Stockholm University, main lecturer, memory. November 2010

2. History and bio-cultural diversity in landscapes ✜ Occasional lectures in many different courses at of food production. different universities

Publications during the period: Commissions: Ljungqvist, J., Barthel, S., Finnveden, G., Sörlin, ✜ Expert advisor for the City of Stockholm plan - S. 2010. The Urban Anthropocene: Lessons for ning office (Stadsbyggnadskontoret) sustainability from the environmental history of ✜ Executive officer for the international pro - Constantinople. In: Paul Sinclair, Frands Her- gramme office of IHOPE (Integrated History schend, Christian Isendahl and Gullög Nor- and future Of People on Earth) dquist (eds). The Urban Mind, Cultural and Environmental Dynamics Studies in Global Archaeology 15. Sweden, Uppsala University Johan Colding Press. PhD, researcher

Barthel, S., Sörlin, S., Ljungqvist, J. 2010. Innova- Research focus: tive memory and resilient cities: Echoes from Main interests include institutions and resilience Ancient Constantinople. In: Paul Sinclair, building of urban ecosystem services, with special Frands Herschend, Christian Isendahl and focus on spatial planning and urban design. Gullög Nordquist (eds). The Urban Mind, Cul- tural and Environmental Dynamics Studies in Publications: Global Archaeology 15. Sweden, Uppsala Uni- Peer-reviewed scientific publications versity Press. Barthel, S., Folke, C., Colding, J. 2010. Social- ecological memory in gardening: Retaining the Ernstson, H., Barthel, S., Andersson, E., Borg- capacity for management of ecosystem services. ström, S.T. 2010. Scale-crossing brokers and net- Global Environmental Change 20: 255-265 work governance of urban ecosystem services: The case of Stockholm. Ecology and Society 15 Wilkinson, C., Porter, L., Colding, J. 2010. Metro - (4): 28. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyand- politan planning and resilience thinking: A prac- society.org/vol15/iss4/art28/ titioner’s perspective. Critical Planning, summer 2010: 2-20. Seminars and symposium presentations: Bendt, P., Barthel, S., Colding, J. Civic green - ✜ IHOPE workshop, California, USA, Septem- ing and environmental learning in public-access ber 2010. community gardens in Berlin. In review in ✜ World expo, Shanghai, China, October 2010. Landscape and Urban Planning. Organiser of workshop. Barthel, S., Parker, J., Folke, C., Colding, J. In ✜ Resilience 2011 Conference, Arizona, USA, press. Urban Gardens-Pockets of Social-Ecolog- March 2011. Three presentations. ical Memory. In: Tidball, KG and ME Krasny (eds.). (2011, expected) Greening in the Red Zone: ✜ Annual gardening exhibition, Stockholm, Swe- Disaster, Resilience, and Community Greening. den, March 2011, Keynote speaker. Springer-Verlag. ✜ Sustainable urbanism seminar, Stockholm, Swe- Colding, J. In press. Creating incentives for den, April 2011. Keynote speaker. increased public engagement in ecosystem man- ✜ Sustainable urbanism workshop, agement through urban commons. Chapter 13 in Boyd, E. and Folke, C. (eds). Adapting Insti-

48 appendix tutions: Meeting the Challenge of Global Envi- ✜ Workshop with Region och Trafikplanekontoret, ronmental Change. Cambridge University Press, Stockholm, May 2011. Stockholm, Sweden Cambridge, UK. Teaching and training: Colding, J. 2011. The role of ecosystem services in Teaching contemporary urban planning. Pages 228-237 in ✜ Sustainable Development, 7.5 credit undergrad- J. Niemelä, (ed.), Urban Ecology: Patterns, Pro- uate course, lecturer, October 2010, Stockholm cesses and Applications. Oxford University Press, University Oxford, UK. ✜ Natural Resources and Society, Master’s level Other publications course, lecturer. 2011 Stockholm University. Barthel, S., Colding, J., Ernstson, H., Marcus, L., Erixon, H., Thorsvall, J. 2010. Qbook4-Håll- Supervision barthet, Albano Resilient Campus. Akademiska ✜ Main supervisor of PhD candidate Catherine Hus. Wilkinson, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm. Completed Colding, J. 2010. SUPER: Sustainable urban plan- her PhLic November 2010 with the thesis Resil- ning for ecosystem services and resilience. Pages ience Thinking and Planning: An Interdisciplin- 35-40 in the URBAN-NET Research Anthology ary Exploration. Expected PhD defence: June 2010. 2012. Colding, J. 2010. Urbana samfälligheter för hållbar Supervisor of three Master’s students fysisk planering. Pages 55-59 in Lisberg Jensen, ✜ Pim Bendt. Social Learning and Diversity of E. (ed.): Det Urbana Lanskapet. CBM:s skrift- Practice in Community Gardens in Berlin. Mas- serie 37. ter’s Thesis in Ecosystems, Governance and Glo - balisation (EGG), Stockholm Resilience Centre, Seminars and symposium presentations Stockholm University. Assistant supervisor. ✜ Multi-functional golf courses (Multifunktionella golfanläggningar. Samverkan Golf och Natur). ✜ Josefina Oddsberg. An Analysis of the Potential Conference, September 2010, Copenhagen, of Local Stewardship as a Management Mode for Denmark. Increasing and Enhancing Ecosystem Services in Urban Landscapes. Master’s Thesis in Ecosys- ✜ The role of golf courses for wetland fauna in tems, Governance and Globalisation (EGG), greater Stockholm (Golfbanans roll för våt- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm Uni- marksfaunan i stor-Stockholm). Conference versity. Main supervisor. organised by Nordic Council and Ministry for the Environment, the Scandinavian Turfgrass ✜ Olivier Pessot. Business Opportunities for Resil- Research Foundation, and the Swedish Society ient Cities. Master’s Thesis in Ecosystems, Gov- for Nature Conservation. September 2010. ernance and Globalisation (EGG) Master’s Pro - gramme, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stock- ✜ Regional Environment Day 2011 (Regionala holm University. Assistant supervisor. Miljödagen 2011) Conference arranged by Stock- holm County Administration Board. Title of Other: talk: Ecosystem services and green planning for External project grants: cities ✜ Project title: SUPER-Sustainable Urban Plan- ✜ Workshop on green structure planning for ning for Ecosystem services and Resilience. Time Stockholm regional planning. Region och period covered by grant: 2011-2013 (3 years). Trafikplanekontoret, March, 2011. Funder: FORMAS / The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Scienc- ✜ Urban Net Conference, organised by FOR- es and Spatial Planning. Administration organ- MAS, March 2011, Malmö, Sweden. isation: The Beijer Institute / Royal Swedish ✜ Urbanisation – a possibility to build a sustain - Academy of Sciences. Main applicant: Johan able society. Workshop during The Stockholm Colding. Ref: 250-2010-145. Grant received: Dialogue on Global Sustainability, May 2011, SEK 6 626 000. Stockholm, Sweden.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010–2011appendix 49 ✜ Project title: Moving from Urban Form to ✜ Theme leader for the research theme Urban Social-ecological Form: Knowledge for Urban Social-Ecological Systems, the Beijer Institute of Resilience Building. Time period covered by Ecological Economics grant: 2011-2013 (3 years). Funder: FORMAS ✜ Member of the Resilience Alliance (RA). / The Swedish Research Council for Environ- ment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Plan- ✜ Member of the Stockholm city planning group for ning. Administration organisation: The Beijer Albano sustainable campus Institute / Royal Swedish Academy of Scienc- ✜ Member of the international working group es. Main applicant: Johan Colding. Co-appli- within The Scandinavian Turfgrass Research cant: Lars Marcus. Ref: 250-2010-1279. Grant Foundation for sustainable development of golf received: SEK 7 583 000. courses. Media coverage: ✜ Member of the sustainable campus group at ✜ Bygget som förstärker naturen. SVD 3 Octo- Stockholm Resilience Centre. ber 2010. Nyheter p. 10. Susanna Baltscheff- sky. Available at: http://www.svd.se/stockholm/ nyheter/bygget-som-forstarker-naturen_5441287. Anne-Sophie Crépin svd PhD, Deputy Director, Researcher

✜ Framtidens Albano –forskning omsatt i praktik. Research focus: Universitetsnytt. Dec 6. 2010. pp. 18-19. Regime shifts and economics, global dynamics and resilience, economic consequences of climate ✜ 5-minute documentary movie on ecosystem ser- change in the Arctic. vices and urban planning in the SUPER-project for Formas Urban-Net conference, Malmö, Publications during the period: March 2011. Produced and directed by Peder Crépin, A-S., Norberg, J., Mäler, K-G. 2011. Cou- Carlquist. pled economic-ecological systems with slow and fast dynamics – Modelling and analysis method. Commissions: Ecological Economics 70 (8), 1448-1458. ISSN ✜ Editor and coordinator for Exploring Ecosystem 0921-8009, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.02.004. Services in Cities through the Lens of Resilience, in negotiation for publication with CUP. (Colding, Levin, S., Xepapadeas, A., Crépin, A-S., et al. J., Barthel, S. et al. in manus / prep.). Social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems: What does it mean for economic poli- ✜ Subject editor and part of the editorial board for cy? Submitted to Environment and Development the journals ECOSYSTEMS, Ecology and Soci- Economics ety, and Landscape and Urban Planning. Folke, C., Jansson, Å., Rockström, J., Olsson, P., ✜ Reviewer for a number of scientific journals, Carpenter, S., Crepín, A-S., Daily, G., Ebbes- including Conservation Ecology, AMBIO, Eco- son, J., Elmqvist, T., Galaz, V., Moberg, F., Nils- logical Economics, Ecology and Society, ECO- son, M., Österblom, H., Ostrom, E., Persson, SYSTEMS, Conservation Biology, Ecological Å., Polasky, S., Steffen, W., Walker, B., Westley, Engineering. F. Reconnecting to the biosphere -Transforming ✜ Invited as contributing author for The Millen- the world in an era of global change, Working nium Ecosystem Assessment Sub-Global Assess- Paper no 1 for the Third Nobel Laureates Sym - ment Report on Scenarios, Chapter 9: Scenarios posium on Global Sustainability, Stockholm, in Sub-Global Regional Assessments. May 2011.

✜ Theme leader for the research theme Urban Stephen, R., Carpenter, S., Arrow, K.J., Barrett, Social-ecological Systems and Globalisation S., Biggs, R.,. Brock, W.A., Crepín, A-S., Eng- at Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm ström, G., Folke, C., Hughes, T.P, Kautsky, N. University Li, C.Z., McCarney, G., Meng, K., Mäler K-G., Polasky, S., Scheffer, M., Shogren, J., Sterner, T., Taylor, S.M., Vincent, J., Walker, B., Xepa- padeas, A., de Zeeuw, A., Environmental science

50 appendix for extreme events – A ‘concepts’ article. Submit- ✜ Member of the scientific committee for the ted to Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment Arctic Frontiers conference on Arctic Tipping Points, January 2011 Tromsö, Norway. Crépin, A-S., Walker, B., Polasky, S., Steffen, W., Galaz, V., Folke, C., Rockström, J. 2011. Beijer ✜ Council member of Stiftelsen för Internatio - Discussion paper 228: Global dynamics, mul- nella Institutet för Industriell Miljöekonomi vid tiple shocks and resilience – Planetary steward- Lunds Universitet (Foundation for the Inter- ship and catastrophic shifts in the Earth system. national Institute for Industrial Environmental Beijer Institute Discussion Paper Series Economics at Lund University).

✜ Council member of Expertgruppen för Seminars and symposium presentations: miljöstudier, (expert group for environmental Organiser: studies) a committee under the Swedish Depart- ✜ Workshop on global dynamics and resilience, ment of Finance. Stockholm, September 2010.

✜ Workpackage 3 workshop for ACCESS, Stock- Gustav Engström holm, June 2011. PhD candidate, researcher Presentations: Research focus: ✜ Arctic Frontiers conference Arctic Tipping Analysis of dynamic systems; exploring the inter- Points, Tromsö, January 2011. action between the economy and the environment. ✜ Yearly meeting for Arctic Tipping Point EU Research focus in 2010 on economic growth models project January 2011. in connection with climate change policy and poverty issues. ✜ Kick-off meeting Arctic Climate Change Econo - my and Societies. Paris, March 2011. Publications during the period: ✜ The Arctic and the EU: Environmental and Engström, G., Grass, D. Beijer Discussion Paper Human Challenges. Stockholm, May 2011, 227: Poverty traps and economic growth in a Rovaniemi, June 2011. two-sector model of subsistence agriculture. Beijer Discussion Paper Series. ✜ Annual conference of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. Brock, W. Engström, A., Xepapadeas, G. Beijer Rome, June-July 2011. Discussion Paper 226: Energy balance climate models and the economics of climate change. Teaching and training: Beijer Discussion Paper Series ✜ Ecological Economics course (lecturer), Stock- holm University, April 2011 Seminars and symposium presentations: ✜ Resilience 2011 Conference, Arizona, USA, ✜ Natural Resources and Society course, (lectur- March 2010. er), Stockholm University, April 2011 ✜ European Association of Environmental and ✜ SUPERVISOR: Caroline Schill (Master’s thesis) Resource Economists Conference, Rome, June ✜ CO-SUPERVISOR: Gustav Engström (PhD stu- 2011 dent) and Zanxin Wang, (Mäler scholar from EEPSEA, China). Teaching and training: ✜ Undergraduate course in Ecological Economics, Commissions: Stockholm University, 2011. Lecturer. ✜ Council member of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists

✜ Member of the scientific committee for the Resilience 2011 conference, Tempe, Arizona, USA.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010–2011appendix 51 Folke, C. and L. Gunderson. 2010. Resilience and Carl Folke global sustainability. Ecology and Society 15(4): Professor, Director 43.

Research focus: Folke, C. 2011. Foreword. In: Bodin, Ö. and Prell, Integrated social-ecological systems, life-supporting C. (eds.). Social Networks and Natural Resource ecosystems, dynamics and management, resilience, Management: Uncovering the Social Fabric of adaptive governance, transformability. Environmental Governance. Cambridge Univer- sity Press, Cambridge, UK, in press. Publications during the period: Folke, C. 2011. Learning and adapting: Central fea- Adger, W.N., Brown, K., Nelson, D., Berkes, F., tures of resilience. In: Krasny, M.E., C. Lund- Eakin, H., Folke, C., Galvin, K., Goulden, M., holm, and R. Plummer (eds.). Resilience in Gunderson, L., O’Brien, K., Ruitenbeek, J., Social-Ecological Systems: The Role of Learning Tompkins, E. 2011. Resilience implications of and Education. Routledge, London, UK. Pp. policy responses to climate Change. WIRE Cli- xi-xii. mate Change, in press. Folke, C. 2011. The Askö challenge. In: Sund- Barthel, S., J. Parker, C. Folke, and J. Colding. baum, A., T. Söderqvist, C. Folke and K.-G. 2011. Urban gardens: Pockets of social-ecological Mäler (eds.). Bringing Ecologists and Economists memory. In: Tidball, K. and M. Krasny (eds.). Together: The Askö Meetings. Springer Verlag, Greening in the Red Zone: Vulnerability, Resil- Heidelberg, Germany, pp 231-234. ience and Urban Community-Based Natural Resource Management. Springer, Netherlands, Folke, C., Å. Jansson, J. Rockström, P. Olsson, S.R. in press. Carpenter, F.S. Chapin, A.-S. Crepín, G. Daily, K. Danell, J. Ebbesson, T. Elmqvist, V. Galaz, F. Biggs, O., T. Blenckner, C. Folke, L. Gordon, A. Moberg, M. Nilsson, H. Österblom, E. Ostrom, Norström, M. Nyström, and G. Peterson. 2011. Å. Persson, G. Peterson, S. Polasky, W. Steffen, Regime shifts. In: Hastings, A. and L. Gross B. Walker, and F. Westley. 2011. Reconnecting to (eds.). Sourcebook in Theoretical Ecology. Univer- the Biosphere. Ambio, in press. sity of California Press, Berkeley, CA, in press. Folke, C., and J. Rockström (eds.). 2011. 3 rd Nobel Boyd, E. and C. Folke (eds.). 2011. Adapting Insti- Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainabil- tutions: Governance, Complexity and Social-Eco- ity: Transforming the world in an era of global logical Resilience. Cambridge University Press, change. Ambio, in press. Cambridge, UK. 292 pp, in press. Folke, C., S.R. Carpenter, B.H. Walker, M. Schef- Boyd, E., and C. Folke. 2011. Adapting institutions, fer, F.S. Chapin III, and J. Rockström. 2010. governance and complexity: An introduction. In: Resilience thinking: integrating resilience, Boyd, E. and C. Folke (eds.). Adapting Institu- adaptability and transformability. Ecology and tions, Governance and Complexity: Insights for Society 15(4): 20. Social-Ecological Resilience. Cambridge Univer- sity Press, Cambridge, UK, in press. Gelcich, S., T.P. Hughes, P. Olsson, C. Folke, O. Defeo, M. Fernández, S. Foale, L.H. Gunder- Boyd, E., and C. Folke. 2011. Conclusions: Adapt- son, C. Rodríguez-Sieker, M. Scheffer, R. Ste- ing institutions and resilience. In: Boyd, E. and neck, and J.C. Castilla. 2010. Navigating trans- C. Folke (eds.). Adapting Institutions, Gover- formations in governance of Chilean marine nance and Complexity: Insights for Social-Eco- coastal resources. Proceedings National Academy logical Resilience. Cambridge University Press, of Sciences, USA 107:16794-16799. Cambridge, UK, in press. Gunderson, L., and C. Folke. 2011. Resilience 2011: Cinner, J.E, C. Folke, T. Daw, and C. Hicks. 2011. Leading transformational change. Ecology and Responding to change: Using scenarios to Society 16(2): 30. understand how socioeconomic factors may influence amplifying or dampening exploita- Miller, F., H. Osbahr, E. Boyd, F. Thomalla, S. tion feedbacks among Tanzanian fishers. Global Bharwani, G. Ziervogel, B. Walker, J. Birk- Environmental Change 21:7-12. mann, S. Van der Leeuw, J. Rockström, J. Hin -

52 appendix kel, T. Downing, C. Folke, and D. Nelson. 2010. Steneck, R.S., T.P. Hughes, J.E. Cinner, W.N. Resilience and vulnerability: Complementary or Adger, S.N. Arnold, S. Boudreau, K. Brown, F. conflicting concepts? Ecology and Society 15(3): Berkes, C. Folke, L. Gunderson, P. Olsson, M. 11. Scheffer, E. Stephenson, B.H. Walker, J. Wilson, and B. Worm. 2011. The gilded trap of Maine’s O’Brien, K., A. Patwardhan, M. Pelling, S. Halle - lobster fishery: A cautionary tale. Conservation gatte, A. Maskrey, T. Oki, U. Oswald-Spring, T. Biology, in press. Wilbanks, P. Z. Yanda, R. Biggs, H.G. Brauch, K. Brown, C. Folke, L. Harrington, H. Kun - Troell, M., N. Kautsky, M. Beveridge, P. Henriks - reuther, C. Lacambra, R. Leichenko, R. Mech- son, J. Primavera, P. Rönnbäck, and C. Folke. ler, C. Pahl-Wostl, V. Przyluski, D. Satterth- 2011. Aquaculture. In: Levin, S., G. Daily, R. waite, F. Sperling, T. Tanner, P. Tschakert, K. Colwell, J. Lubchenco, H. Mooney, E-D. Schul- Ulsrud, and V. Viguié. 2011. Toward a sustain - tze, and D. Tilman (eds.). Encyclopedia of Bio- able and resilient future. Chapter 8 in: Climate diversity. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, in Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation,and Vulner- press. ability. Working Group II Contribution to the Westley, F., P. Olsson, C. Folke, T. Homer-Dixon, Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmen- H. Vredenburg, D. Loorbach, J. Thompson, M. tal Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in press. Nilsson, E. Lambin, J. Sendzimir, B. Banarjee, Österblom, H., A. Gårdmark, L. Bergström, B. V Galaz, and S. van der Leeuw. 2011. Tipping Müller-Karulis, C. Folke, M. Lindegren, M. towards sustainability: Emerging pathways of Casini, P. Olsson, R. Diekman, T. Blenckner, C. transformation. Ambio, in press. Humborg, and C. Möllmann. 2010. Making the ecosystem approach operational – can regime Seminars and symposium presentations: shifts in ecological and governance systems facil- ✜ Lecture, University of Osnabruck, Germany, itate the transition? Marine Policy 34:1290-1299. August 2010.

Österblom, H., M. Sissenwine, D. Symes, M. ✜ Innovation and transformation in social-eco- Kadin, T. Daw, and C. Folke. 2011. Incentives, logical systems, Stockholm Resilience Centre social-ecological feedbacks and European fisher- (SRC) workshop, Saltsjöbaden, Sweden, Sep- ies. Marine Policy 35:568-574. tember 2010.

Polasky, S., S.R. Carpenter, C. Folke, and B. Kee - ✜ Global dynamics and social-ecological resilience ler. 2011. Decision-making under great uncer- in the face of multiple shocks, Beijer Institute- tainty: Environmental management in an era of SRC workshop, Stockholm, September 2010. global change. Trends in Ecology and Evolution ✜ Lecture, inauguration of Vänerskärgården and doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.04.007 Kinnekulle Biosphere Reserve, Lidköping, Sep- Schultz, L., A. Duit and C. Folke. 2011. Participa - tember 2010. tion, adaptive co-management and management ✜ Lecture, Ebba och Sven Schwartz Stiftelse, performance in the world network of biosphere Stockholm, October 2010. reserves. World Development 39:662-671. ✜ Policy seminar Oceans and Climate Change – Söderqvist, T., A. Sundbaum, C. Folke and K.-G. The scientific basis for meeting future challeng- Mäler (eds.). 2011. Bringing Ecologists and Econ- es for coastal development and poverty reduc- omists Together: The Askö Meetings and Papers. tion, Sida, Stockholm, October 2010 (keynote). Springer Verlag, Heidelberg. 246 pp. ✜ Brown Bag Lunch Seminar (with Jacob von Steffen, W., Å. Persson, L. Deutsch, J. Zalasie - Heland), SRC, Stockholm, October 2010. wicz, M. Williams, K. Richardson, C. Crumley, P. Crutzen, C. Folke, L. Gordon, M. Molina, V. ✜ Naturskyddsföreningens och Miljöaktuellts kon- Ramanathan, J. Rockström, M. Scheffer, H.J. ferens Vem ska bort, Stockholm, November 2010 Schellnhuber, and U. Svedin. 2011. The Anthro - (keynote). pocene: From global change to planetary stew- ✜ Conference on Law for Social-Ecological Resil- ardship. Ambio, in press. ience, SRC and Stockholm Environmental Law

ANNUAL REPORT 2010–2011appendix 53 and Policy Centre, Stockholm, November 2010 Environmental Innovation and Societal Transi- (keynote and organiser). tions, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Global Environmental Change, Letters in Spa- ✜ Lecture, inauguration of Naturum Vattenriket, tial and Resource Sciences, Reviews in Ecological Kristianstad, Sweden, November 2010. Economics, Sustainability Science ✜ Resilience dialogues, seminar, SRC, Stockholm. ✜ Founding Board Member of the Resilience December 2010. Alliance ✜ Agriculture and the planetary boundaries, SRC ✜ Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sci- and Beijer Institute workshop, Stockholm, Janu- ences since 2002 ary 2011. ✜ Member of the Environmental Research Com- ✜ PECS Scientific Committee meeting, Stock- mittee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Scienc - holm, January 2011. es since 2003 ✜ Methodologies for Complex Adaptive Systems ✜ Programme on Ecosystem Change and Soci- in Action, workshop, University Waterloo, Cana- ety (PECS), ICSU since 2009, Director of the da, February 2011. International Programme Office since 2011, on ✜ Expert Panel Member in the United Nations leave from the Scientific Committee. Environment Programme (UNEP) new Fore- ✜ Board member, Stockholm Environment Insti- sight Process initiative, focusing on the most tute, since 2004 important emerging issues on the horizon regarding the global environment, Geneva, April ✜ Advisor to the Minister and Ministry of the and May 2011. Environment, Sweden

✜ 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sus- ✜ Scientific Advisory Board, SARAS (South tainability, Chairman of the Scientific Commit- American Institute for Resilience and Sustain- tee and presenter, Stockholm, May 2011. ability Studies), Montevideo, Uruguay, since 2007 ✜ 2nd International Conference on Sustainability Transitions, Lund, June 2011. ✜ Scientific Advisory Board, STEPS, since 2010

✜ Scientific Advisory Board, Swedish Secretar- Teaching and training: iat for Environmental Earth System Sciences ✜ Lecturer at undergraduate, Master’s level and (SSEESS) 2010- PhD courses at Stockholm University. ✜ Scientific Committee, Volvo Environment Prize, ✜ Supervisor (main and co-supervisor) of three since 2008 PhD students in Natural Resource Manage- ment, Department of Systems Ecology, Stock- ✜ Partner investigator, The ARC Centre of Excel- holm University. lence for Coral Reef Studies, JCU, Australia, since 2005 ✜ Supervisors of one PhD student in Germany who defended her thesis in August 2010. ✜ Associate Faculty of the Earth System Gover- nance Project, IHDP, since 2009 Commissions: ✜ Advisory Board to The International Network ✜ Science Director, Stockholm Resilience Centre: of Research on Coupled Human and Natural Research for Governance of Social-Ecological Systems (CHANS-Net) since 2009 Systems, Stockholm University ✜ Steering Committee, ESRC Centre for Cli- ✜ Editor-in-Chief; Ecology & Society www.ecolog- mate Change Economics and Policy at London yandsociety.org School of Economics and University of Leeds, ✜ Advisory and editorial boards of 14 journals UK, since 2008 including: Ambio, Ecological Economics, Ecosys- ✜ Co-principal investigator two Centre of Excel- tems, Environment, Environmental Conserva- lence research projects 2010: Nordic Centre for tion, Environment and Development Economics, the Study of Climate Change Effects on Marine

54 appendix Ecosystems and Resource Economics of The Top- Teaching and training: level Research Initiative (TRI) a joint Nordic ✜ Lecturer on two Master’s programmes at Stock- research and innovation initiative (NC Stenseth holm Resilience Centre. PI), and Regime Shifts in the Baltic Sea Ecosys- ✜ Supervisor of two Master’s students in the Mas- tem – Modelling Complex Adaptive Ecosystems ter’s programme Sustainable Enterprise at Stock- and Governance Implications, Formas (C. Hum- holm Resilience Centre. borg PI).

✜ Steering Committee of the Nereus Program – Other: Predicting the Future Ocean, UBC, Canada, ✜ Part of the scientific evaluation team supporting since 2010. a film project on environmental issues. Company Film and Tell, Stockholm, Sweden. ✜ Steering Committee of BEAM, Stockholm University Chuan-Zhong Li Åsa Jansson Professor, researcher PhD, researcher Research focus: Environmental economics, dynamic welfare mea- Research focus: surement, resilience modelling Quantification and valuation of ecosystem services, urban sustainability, effects of climate change on Publications during the period: Arctic ecosystems and ecosystem service genera- Li, C-Z., Löfgren, K-G. 2010. Dynamic cost-bene- tion, quantification of the role of biodiversity and fit analysis of large projects: The role of capital ecosystem service generation. cost. Economics Letters 109, 128-130.

Publications during the period: Mäler, K-G., Li, C-Z. 2010. Measuring sustainabil- Jansson, Å., Polasky, S. 2010. Quantifying biodiver- ity under regime shift uncertainty: A resilience sity for building resilience for food security in pricing approach. Environment and Develop- urban areas: Getting down to business. Ecology ment Economics 15, 707-719. and Society 15(3):20. Li, Chuan-Zhong. 2010. The theory of dynamic Jansson, Å. In prep. Biodiversity and ecosystem ser- cost-benefit analysis: Some recent advances. In: vices. Special issue Ecological Economics. T. Aronsson and K.G. Löfgren (eds). Handbook of Green National Accounting. Edward Elgar Folke, C., Jansson, Å., Polasky, S. In prep. Ecosys- Cheltenham, UK tem services perspectives: A history and future projections. Li, C-Z., Löfgren. K-G. 2010. Att mäta välfärd och hållbar utveckling. – gröna nationalräkenskaper Folke, C., Å. Jansson, J. Rockström, P. Olsson, S.R. och samhällsekonomiska kalkyler (Measuring Carpenter, F.S. Chapin, A.-S. Crepín, G. Daily, Welfare and Sustainable Development – Green K. Danell, J. Ebbesson, T. Elmqvist, V. Galaz, F. National Accounting and Social Cost-Bene- Moberg, M. Nilsson, H. Österblom, E. Ostrom, fit), Ministry of Finance, Government offices of Å. Persson, G. Peterson, S. Polasky, W. Steffen, Sweden. B. Walker, F. Westley. 2011. Reconnecting to the Biosphere. Ambio, in press. Seminars and symposium presentations: ✜ The Fourth World Congress of Environmental Seminars and symposium presentations: and Resource Economists, Presentation: Mea- ✜ Presentation of the 3rd Nobel Laureate Sympo- suring sustainability under regime shift uncertain- sium on Global Sustainability, working paper ty: A resilience pricing approach. July 2010, Mon- Reconnecting to the biosphere at the Minis- treal, Canada. try of the Environment, May 2011, Stockholm, Sweden. Other: ✜ Professor of Economics at Uppsala University

ANNUAL REPORT 2010–2011appendix 55 ✜ SANDEE course in Environmental Economics, Therese Lindahl May 2011, Pathumthani, Thailand. Lecturer. PhD, researcher ✜ Accounting for ecosystems and their resilience, Research focus: May 2010, Edinburgh, Scotland. Lecture Dr. Lindahl’s research focus is broadly on environ - mental and resource economics, but more specifi- Commissions: cally on social dynamics in natural resource dilem - ✜ Elected fellow of Association of Environmental mas. She is especially interested in improving the and Resource Economics understanding of the interplay of knowledge, learn- ✜ Member of the Scientific Council of the Eco - ing and norms. She also addresses the implica- nomics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity – TEEB tions of complex ecosystem dynamics for individual decision-making and for management in natural ✜ Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the resource dilemmas. UK National Ecosystem Assessment Study

Dr. Lindahl has been on parental leave during ✜ Member of the Scientific Council of Fores, a autumn 2010/spring 2011. green liberal think-tank

✜ Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Karl-Göran Mäler Sciences Professor emeritus, former director, researcher ✜ Member of the Energy Committee and the Research focus: International Committee of the Royal Swedish Economics of ecosystems Academy of Sciences

Publications during the period: Max Troell Crépin, A-S., Norberg, J., Mäler, K-G. 2011. Cou- Associate professor, researcher pled economic-ecological systems with slow and fast dynamics – Modelling and analysis method. Research focus: Ecological Economics 70 (8), s 1448-1458, ISSN Environmental Impacts and sustainability of aqua- 0921-8009, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.02.004. culture, coastal ecosystems, ecosystem services, eco - system functions, biodiversity, resilience, integrated Fredga, K., Mäler, K-G. 2010. Life cycle analyses aquaculture, mangroves. and resource assessments AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 39 (1), 36-41. Main interests: Investigating sustainability aspects of aquaculture development including; identifying Mäler, K-G., Li, C-Z. 2010. Measuring sustainabil- linkages between capture fisheries and aquaculture; ity under regime shift uncertainty: A resilience identifying resource dependence and environmen- pricing approach, Environment and Develop- tal and social externalities; identifying and estimat- ment Economics 15, 707-719. ing ecological basis for valuation with special focus on mangrove ecosystems; analysing and develop - Seminars and symposium presentations: ing aquaculture techniques built on ecological engi- ✜ SANDEE 10th anniversary, Global Change and neering; studying biodiversity and resilience in tem- Human Well-being, December 2010, Kathman- perate coastal habitats and the generation of ecosys- du, Nepal. Plenary address and discussant at tem goods and services. research presentations.

✜ African Statistical Association, Accounting Price Publications: for Resilience, October 2011, Cairo, Egypt. Ple- Chopin, T., Troell, M., Reid G.K., Knowler, D., nary address. Robinson, S.M.C., Neori, A., Buschmann, A., Pang, S.J. 2010. Integrated multi-trophic aqua- Teaching and training: culture, Part I. Responsible practice provides ✜ Course in Environmental Economics, autumn diversified products, biomitigation. Global 2010, George, South Africa. Lecturer. Aquaculture Advocate, p. 38-39, Sep/Oct.

56 appendix Chopin, T., Troell, M., Reid G.K., Knowler, D., the Western Indian Ocean – challenges for sus- Robinson, S.M.C., Neori, A., Buschmann, A., tainable livelihood and stock improvement. Pang, S.J. 2010. Integrated multi-trophic aqua- AMBIO. culture, Part II. Increasing IMTA adoption. Sarà, G., Reid, G., Rinaldi, A., Palmeri, V., Troell, Global Aquaculture Advocate, p. 17-20, Nov/ M., Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (in review). Growth Dec. and reproductive simulation of candidate shell- Henriksson, P., Pelletier, N., Troell, M., Tyedmers., fish species at fish cages in the southern Medi - P.H. 2011. Life Cycle Assessment and its applica- terranean: Dynamic energy budget (DEB) mod- tion to aquaculture production systems. In: R.A. elling for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture. Meyers (ed.), Encyclopedia of Sustainability Sci- Aquaculture ence and Technology, Springer. Grimsditch, G., Bouillon, S., Kairo, J.G., Prabhu, Henriksson, P., Pelletier, N., Troell, M., Tyedmers, R., Troell, M. (in review). Mangroves, REDD+ P. 2010. Energy efficiency of aquaculture – Life and ecosystem services. Ocean and Coastal Cycle Assessment useful in evaluating sustain- Management. ability. Global Aquaculture Advocate, p. 40-43, Nyström, M., Norström, A.V., Bleckner, T., de la Sep/Oct 2010. Torre Castro, M., Eklöf, J., Folke C., Steneck, Pelletier, N., Audsley, E., Brodt, S., Garnet, T., R.S., Thyresson, M., Troell, M., Österblom, H. Henriksson, P., Kendall, A., Kramer, K., Mur- (resubmission) Feedback processes in degraded phy, D., Nemecek, T., Troell, M., Tyedmers, P. marine ecosystems. 2011. Energy intensity of agriculture and food Crépin, A.-S., Biggs, R., Polasky, S., Troell, M., de systems. Annual Review of Environment and Zeeuw, A. (submitted). Consequences of regime Resources 36. shifts for human welfare and implications for Deutsch, L., Troell, M., Limburg, K., Huitric, M. management. Ecological Economics 2011. Global trade of fisheries products: Impli- cations for marine ecosystems and their servic- Seminars and symposium presentations: es. In: T. Köllner (ed.), Ecosystem Services and ✜ IIFET (International Institute for Fisheries Global Trade of Natural Resources: Ecology, Economics and Trade Invited speaker: Aquacul- Economics and Policies. Routledge, London, ture and Food security – can fish farming fill the UK. 304 pp. gap? ) July 2010, Montpellier, France.

Troell, M., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, N., Henriks- ✜ Plenary: Maintaining environmental integrity son, P., Primavera, J., Ronnback, P., Folke, C. (in through responsible aquaculture: constraints, press). Aquaculture. In: Levin, S. A. (ed.) Ency- opportunities and challenges. FAO, NACA clopedia of Biodiversity, 2nd Edition, Elsevier, and The Department of Fisheries of the Royal New York, 2012. Thai Government. September, 2010, Phuket Thailand. Troell, M., Hecht, T., Beveridge, M., Stead, S., Bryceson, I., Kautsky, N., Ollevier, F., Mmo - ✜ Sida Development Area – Oceans and Climate chi, A. (eds.) 2011. Mariculture in the WIO region Change – The scientific basis for meeting future – Challenges and Prospects. WIOMSA Book challenges for coastal development and poverty Series. reduction, October 2010, Stockholm, Sweden. Organiser and scientific coordinator. Troell, M., Chopin, T., Reid, G., Robinson, S., Sarà, G. 2011. Letter to the Editor, Aquaculture ✜ Forum för miljöforskning – Maten (Environ- 313:171-172. mental Research – Food). Hållbart vattenbruk – potential och utmaningar (Sustainable Aquacul- Troell et al The 2011 report of the Study Group ture – Challenges and Potential). February 2011, on Socio-Economic Dimensions of Aqua- Uppsala, Sweden. culture (SGSA) http://www.ices.dk/reports/ SSGHIE/2011/SGSA11.pdf ✜ Vattenbrukets framtida möjligheter (Future possibilities of Aquaculture). Seminar,February Eriksson, H., Robinson, G., Slater, M., Troell, 2011. M. (in review) Sea cucumber aquaculture in

ANNUAL REPORT 2010–2011appendix 57 ✜ Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Mit- ✜ Theme leader: Coastal and Marine Governance, igation in the WIO region: Solutions to the Stockholm Resilience Centre. Crisis. Western Indian Ocean Marine Science ✜ Member of Organising Committee for IFS/ Association (WIOMSA), Mauritius Oceanog- Wiomsa collaboration on strengthening research raphy, Institute Mauritius Oceanography Insti- collaboration between Swedish young scientists tute (MOI); the Nairobi Convention Secretari- and East African scientists (2007-2010). at, Commission de l’océan Indien (COI). March 2011, Mauritius. ✜ Referee: Blue Frontier, Worldfish Report, 2011.

✜ ICES (International Council for the Explora- Teaching and training: tion of the Sea) working group SGSA (Study ✜ Teaching and supervising students: 10 cred- Group on Socio-economic dimension of Aqua- it C-level graduate course (Tropical ecology; culture), April 2011, Bremen, Germany. Management of aquatic resources in the trop - ✜ UNEP-WCMC (UNEP World Conservation ics) Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm Monitoring Centre) workshop. The work of University UNEP-WCMC at the science-policy interface, ✜ Lecturer in Systems ecology and natural resource April 2011, Stockholm, Sweden. management, within the program Sustainable ✜ Mistra-SWECIA science seminar. The Chal- Development (HSU), Stockholm University, lenge of Governing Climate Change Adapta- 2010. tion, June 2011, Stockholm, Sweden. ✜ Supervision of PhD students and Master’s stu- ✜ The Arctic and the European Union – Environ - dents at Department of Systems Ecology, Stock- mental and human challenges. Environment and holm University: Global Change, May 2011, Stockholm, Sweden. ✜ Lilliesköld-Sjöö, G. Nutrient-related Effects on Macroalgal Properties and the Role of Macroal- Commissions: gae in Coastal Nutrient Dynamics. PhD. Stock- ✜ Member of ICES Study Group on Socio-Eco - holm University, Defended PhD December 2011. nomic Dimensions of Aquaculture (SGSA). ✜ Jonell, M. Sustainability Indicators and Eco- ✜ Member of the MASMA Programme Com- labelling of Seafood. PhD. Stockholm University. mittee (Marine Science for Management), Pro - Ongoing gramme within the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) (Fund- ✜ Mozumder, S. Sustainability Tolls in Aquacul- ed by Sida/SAREC) (2007-). ture. Department of Systems Ecology, Stock- holm University. Defended Master’s Thesis 2011. ✜ Member of Editorial Board for the journal Reviews in Aquaculture, Blackwell Publishing. ✜ Lundgren, V. Fishprint – Tracing the True Fish (2007-) Consumption. Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University. Ongoing ✜ Technical Advisor, Community-based crab aquaculture in East Africa, Marine Science for Man - agement. (2009-2010). Publications ✜ Review Editor; Journal of Aquaculture Environ- ment Interactions (2009-). The Beijer Publication Series ✜ Referee work during the report period: Journal Scientific papers by Beijer staff or Beijer Fellows, of Aquaculture, Journal of Applied Psychology, published in refereed journals or in books that have The Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine undergone review, are published in the BEIJER Sciences, Journal of Aquaculture Environment E-PRINT SERIES in order to facilitate the dis- Interactions. Journal of Reviews in Aquaculture semination of research results. Some of the E-prints might earlier have appeared as discussion papers. ✜ Member of the evaluation committee for grant The total number of E-prints since 1991 is at pres- applications for IFS (International Foundation ent 323, of which 20 was published on our website for Science). 2010/2011. The BEIJER DISCUSSION PAPER

58 appendix SERIES constitutes a forum for unpublished sci- Global Archaeology 15. Sweden, Uppsala Uni- entific papers whose content should be subject to versity Press. discussion and comments. They can be download- 316. The Urban Anthropocene: Lessons for Sustain- ed from the Beijer website. 229 Discussion papers ability from the Environmental History of Con- have been produced since 1991. stantinople. Ljungqvist, J., Barthel, S., Finnve- den, G., and Sörlin, S. (2010) In Paul Sinclair, E-Print Series Frands Herschend, Christian Isendahl and 2011 Gullög Nordquist. (Eds). The Urban Mind, cul- 323. Global trade of fisheries products: Implications tural and environmental dynamics Studies in for marine ecosystems and their services. Lisa Global Archaeology 15. Sweden, Uppsala Uni- Deutch. Max Troell,Karin Limburg, Miriam versity Press. Huitric. In T. Köllner (ed.), Ecosystem Services 315. Commentary to: Does bivalve mollusc poly- and Global Trade of Natural Resources: Ecol- culture reduce marine finfish farming environ- ogy, Economics and Policies. Routledge, Lon- mental impact. Troell, M., Chapin, T.,Reid, don, UK. 304 pp G.,Robinson, S., Sará, G. Aquaculture (2010). 322. Energy Intensity of Agriculture and Food Sys- 314. Measuring sustainability under regime shift tems. Nathan Pelletier, Eric Audsley, Sonja uncertainty: a resilience pricing approach. Karl- Brodt, Tara Garnett, Patrik Henriksson, Alis- Göran Mäler and Chuan-Zhong Li Environ- sa Kendall, Klass-Jan Kramer, David Murphy, ment and Development Economics 15: 707– Thomas Nemecek, Max Troell. Annual Review 719(2010). doi:10.1017/S1355770X10000318 of Environment and Resources. Vol. 36. 313. Dynamic cost–benefit analysis of large proj- 321. Building Transformative Capacity in Social- ects: The role of capital cost. Chuan-Zhong Li Ecological Systems: Insights and Challenges. och Karl-Gustaf Löfgren Economics Letters 109 Olsson, P., Ö. Bodin and C. Folke. (2010). In: (2010) 128–130 Armitage, D. and R. Plummer (eds.). Adap - tive Capacity and Environmental Governance. 312. Inferring population histories using cultural Springer Verlag, New York, pp 263-286. data. Rogers D.S., Feldman M.W and Ehrlich P.R. Proceedings of the Royal Society (2009) 320. Decision-Making under Great Uncertainty: 276, 3835–3843 Environmental Management in an Era of Glob- al Change. Polasky, S., S.R. Carpenter, C. Folke, 311. The MAHB, the Culture Gap, and Some Really and B. Keeler. (2011). Trends in Ecology and Inconvenient Thruths. Paul R. Erlich PLoS Biol Evolution doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.04.007 8(4):e1000330.(2010)

319. Participation, Adaptive Co-management, and 310. The Sixth Extinction Crisis Loss of Animal Management Performance in the World Network Populations and Species. Ceballos G., García A., of Biosphere Reserves. Schultz, L., Duit, A. and Ehrlich, P.R. Journal of Cosmology, 2010, Vol 8, Folke, C. (2011) World Development 39:662-671. 1821-1831. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.09.014 309. The culture gap and its needed closures. 318. Urban Gardens-Pockets of Social-Ecologi- Ehrlich, Paul R. and Ehrlich, Anne H. Interna- cal Memory. Barthel, S. Parker, J. Folke, C and tional Journal of Environmental Studies, 67: 4, Colding J. (2011). In Tidball, KG and ME Kras- 481 — 492 ny, (eds.) Greening in the Red Zone: Disas- ter, Resilience, and Community Greening. 2010 Springer-Verlag. 308. Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability. Carl Folke, 317. Innovative Memory and Resilient Cities: Stephen R. Carpenter, Brian Walker, Marten Echoes from Ancient Constantinople. Barthel, Scheffer, Terry Chapin and Johan Rockström S., Sörlin, S., Ljungqvist, J.(2010). In Paul Sin- Ecology and Society 15(4): 20. clair, Frands Herschend, Christian Isendahl and Gullög Nordquist. (Eds). The Urban Mind, 307. Quantifying Biodiversity for Building Resil- cultural and environmental dynamics Studies in ience for Food Security in Urban Landscapes:

ANNUAL REPORT 2010–2011appendix 59 Getting Down to Business. Åsa Jansson and Ste- Discussion Papers phen Polasky. Ecology and Society 15(3): 20. 229. Regime Shifts and Uncertainty in Pollution 306. Resilience and Vulnerability: Complementary Control. Aart de Zeeuw and Amos Zemel. or Conflicting Concepts? Miller, F., H. Osbahr, 228. Global dynamics, multiple shocks, and resil- E. Boyd, F. Thomalla, S. Bharwani, G. Ziervo - ience. Planetary stewardship and catastrophic gel, B. Walker, J. Birkmann, S. Van der Leeuw, shifts in the Earth system. Anne-Sophie Crépin, J. Rockström, J. Hinkel, T. Downing, C. Folke, Brian Walker, Stephen Polasky, Will Steffen, and D. Nelson. Ecology and Society 15(3): 11. Victor Galaz, Carl Folke, and Johan Rockström 305. Responding to Change: Using Scenarios to (2011) Understand how Socioeconomic Factors may 227. Poverty traps and economic growth in a two- Influence Amplifying or Dampen Exploita- sector model of subsistence agriculture. Gustav tion Feedbacks among Tanzanian Fishers. Engström and Dieter Grass Cinner, J.E, C. Folke, T. Daw, and C. Hicks. Global Environmental Change doi:10.1016/ 226. Energy balance climate models and the econom- j.gloenvcha.2010.09.001 ics of climate change. William A. Brock, Gustav Engström, Anastasios Xepapadeas 304. Navigating Transformations in Governance of Chilean Marine Coastal Resources. Gelcich, 225. Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the S., T.P. Hughes, P. Olsson, C. Folke, O. Defeo, Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison. M. Fernández, S. Foale, L.H. Gunderson, C. M. Scott Taylor Rodríguez-Sieker, M. Scheffer, R. Steneck, and 224. Numerical computation of the optimal vector J.C. Castilla. Proceedings National Academy of field in a fishery model. Dieter Grass Sciences, USA 107:16794-16799 www.pnas.org/ cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1012021107 223. Reconstruction of catches, fisheries, and carrying capacity of Galician (NW Spain) small-scale 303. Impacts of Artisanal Fishing on Key Func- fisheries. Sebastián Villasante, Rashid Sumaila, tional Groups and the Potential Vulnerability Maria do Carme Garcia-Negro, Gonzalo Rodrí- of Coral Reefs. Lokrantz, J., M. Nyström, A.V. guez Rodriguez Norström, C. Folke and J. Cinner. Environmen- tal Conservation doi:10.1017/S0376892910000147 222. Linking environmental economics, game theory and fisheries: an estimation of the economic benefits to sharing the Illex argentinus fishery in the Patagonian large marine ecosystem. Sebastián Villasante and Rashid Sumaila

60 appendix

The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics The Beijer Institute is an international research institute under the auspices of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Since 1991, the Beijer Institute has been an institute of ecological economics.

The major objectives of the Institute are to carry out research and stimulate cooperation between scientists, university departments, research centres and institutes to promote a deeper understanding of the interplay between ecological systems and social and economic development.

Cooperation efforts include collaborative research between economists and ecologists and related disciplines on fundamental and applied problems in relation to sustainability, as well as teaching and training on those issues nationally and internationally.

The Beijer Institute’s major activities are international research programmes, synthesis workshops, a broad set of research projects, teaching and training programs, dissemination of results, the science- policy interface and collaborative communication.

Core funding is provided by Kjell och Märta Beijer Foundation. Funding is also provided by Swedish and international research councils, foundations and other organizations.

More information can be found on: www. beijer.kva.se

P.O. Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Phone: +46 8 673 95 00 Fax: +46 8 15 24 64 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.beijer.kva.se