Chapter 2 the Internet and World Wide Web Chapter 2 Objectives
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The World Wide Web: Not So World Wide After All?, 16 Pub
Public Interest Law Reporter Volume 16 Article 8 Issue 1 Fall 2010 2010 The orW ld Wide Web: Not So World Wide After All? Allison Lockhart Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/pilr Part of the Internet Law Commons Recommended Citation Allison Lockhart, The World Wide Web: Not So World Wide After All?, 16 Pub. Interest L. Rptr. 47 (2010). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/pilr/vol16/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Interest Law Reporter by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lockhart: The World Wide Web: Not So World Wide After All? No. 1 • Fall 2010 THE WORLD WIDE WEB: NOT SO WORLD WIDE AFTER ALL? by ALLISON LOCKHART It’s hard to imagine not having twenty-four hour access to videos of dancing Icats or Ashton Kutcher’s hourly musings, but this is the reality in many countries. In an attempt to control what some governments perceive as a law- less medium, China, Saudi Arabia, Cuba, and a growing number of other countries have begun censoring content on the Internet.1 The most common form of censorship involves blocking access to certain web- sites, but the governments in these countries also employ companies to prevent search results from listing what they deem inappropriate.2 Other governments have successfully censored material on the Internet by simply invoking in the minds of its citizens a fear of punishment or ridicule that encourages self- censoring.3 47 Published by LAW eCommons, 2010 1 Public Interest Law Reporter, Vol. -
Role of Librarian in Internet and World Wide Web Environment K
Informing Science Information Sciences Volume 4 No 1, 2001 Role of Librarian in Internet and World Wide Web Environment K. Nageswara Rao and KH Babu Defence Research & Development Laboratory Kanchanbagh Post, India [email protected] and [email protected] Abstract The transition of traditional library collections to digital or virtual collections presented the librarian with new opportunities. The Internet, Web en- vironment and associated sophisticated tools have given the librarian a new dynamic role to play and serve the new information based society in bet- ter ways than hitherto. Because of the powerful features of Web i.e. distributed, heterogeneous, collaborative, multimedia, multi-protocol, hyperme- dia-oriented architecture, World Wide Web has revolutionized the way people access information, and has opened up new possibilities in areas such as digital libraries, virtual libraries, scientific information retrieval and dissemination. Not only the world is becoming interconnected, but also the use of Internet and Web has changed the fundamental roles, paradigms, and organizational culture of libraries and librarians as well. The article describes the limitless scope of Internet and Web, the existence of the librarian in the changing environment, parallelism between information sci- ence and information technology, librarians and intelligent agents, working of intelligent agents, strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities in- volved in the relationship between librarians and the Web. The role of librarian in Internet and Web environment especially as intermediary, facilita- tor, end-user trainer, Web site builder, researcher, interface designer, knowledge manager and sifter of information resources is also described. Keywords: Role of Librarian, Internet, World Wide Web, Data Mining, Meta Data, Latent Semantic Indexing, Intelligent Agents, Search Intermediary, Facilitator, End-User Trainer, Web Site Builder, Researcher, Interface Designer, Knowledge Man- ager, Sifter. -
Internet Freedom in China: U.S. Government Activity, Private Sector Initiatives, and Issues of Congressional Interest
Internet Freedom in China: U.S. Government Activity, Private Sector Initiatives, and Issues of Congressional Interest Patricia Moloney Figliola Specialist in Internet and Telecommunications Policy May 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45200 Internet Freedom in China: U.S. Government and Private Sector Activity Summary By the end of 2017, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) had the world’s largest number of internet users, estimated at over 750 million people. At the same time, the country has one of the most sophisticated and aggressive internet censorship and control regimes in the world. PRC officials have argued that internet controls are necessary for social stability, and intended to protect and strengthen Chinese culture. However, in its 2017 Annual Report, Reporters Without Borders (Reporters Sans Frontières, RSF) called China the “world’s biggest prison for journalists” and warned that the country “continues to improve its arsenal of measures for persecuting journalists and bloggers.” China ranks 176th out of 180 countries in RSF’s 2017 World Press Freedom Index, surpassed only by Turkmenistan, Eritrea, and North Korea in the lack of press freedom. At the end of 2017, RSF asserted that China was holding 52 journalists and bloggers in prison. The PRC government employs a variety of methods to control online content and expression, including website blocking and keyword filtering; regulating and monitoring internet service providers; censoring social media; and arresting “cyber dissidents” and bloggers who broach sensitive social or political issues. The government also monitors the popular mobile app WeChat. WeChat began as a secure messaging app, similar to WhatsApp, but it is now used for much more than just messaging and calling, such as mobile payments, and all the data shared through the app is also shared with the Chinese government. -
The Internet and "Telecommunications Services," Universal Service Mechanisms, Access Charges, and Other Flotsam of the Regulatory System
The Internet and "Telecommunications Services," Universal Service Mechanisms, Access Charges, and Other Flotsam of the Regulatory System Jonathan Weinbergt In troduction .............................................................................................. 2 11 I. B ackground ...................................................................................... 2 14 A . InternetA rchitecture................................................................ 215 B . Telephone Regulation .............................................................. 217 1. The Federal-State Divide ................................................. 218 2. Comp uter II ...................................................................... 220 3. The 1996 Telecommunications Act ................................. 222 II. The Internet and Universal Service Mechanisms ............................ 225 A. The Report to Congress on Universal Service ......................... 225 B. The Breakdown of the Telecommunications/InformationService D istinction................................................................................ 227 C. Why the Telecommunications/InformationService D istinction Doesn't Work ........................................................ 232 D. Universal Service Redux .......................................................... 234 III. The Internet and Access Charges .................................................... 239 A . The Status Q uo ......................................................................... 239 B . Beyond the -
Mass Media in the USA»
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by BSU Digital Library Mass Media In The USA K. Khomtsova, V. Zavatskaya The topic of the research is «Mass media in the USA». It is topical because mass media of the United States are world-known and a lot of people use American mass media, especially internet resources. The subject matter is peculiarities of different types of mass media in the USA. The aim of the survey is to study the types of mass media that are popular in the USA nowadays. To achieve the aim the authors fulfill the following tasks: 1. to define the main types of mass media in the USA; 2. to analyze the popularity of different kinds of mass media in the USA; 3. to mark out the peculiarities of American mass media. The mass media are diversified media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. There are several types of mass media: the broadcast media such as radio, recorded music, film and tel- evision; the print media include newspapers, books and magazines; the out- door media comprise billboards, signs or placards; the digital media include both Internet and mobile mass communication. [4]. In the USA the main types of mass media today are: newspapers; magazines; radio; television; Internet. NEWSPAPERS The history of American newspapers goes back to the 17th century with the publication of the first colonial newspapers. It was James Franklin, Benjamin Franklin’s older brother, who first made a news sheet. -
Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: a Review and Framework
Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework Item Type Journal Article (On-line/Unpaginated) Authors Trant, Jennifer Citation Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework 2009-01, 10(1) Journal of Digital Information Journal Journal of Digital Information Download date 02/10/2021 03:25:18 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105375 Trant, Jennifer (2009) Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework. Journal of Digital Information 10(1). Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework J. Trant, University of Toronto / Archives & Museum Informatics 158 Lee Ave, Toronto, ON Canada M4E 2P3 jtrant [at] archimuse.com Abstract This paper reviews research into social tagging and folksonomy (as reflected in about 180 sources published through December 2007). Methods of researching the contribution of social tagging and folksonomy are described, and outstanding research questions are presented. This is a new area of research, where theoretical perspectives and relevant research methods are only now being defined. This paper provides a framework for the study of folksonomy, tagging and social tagging systems. Three broad approaches are identified, focusing first, on the folksonomy itself (and the role of tags in indexing and retrieval); secondly, on tagging (and the behaviour of users); and thirdly, on the nature of social tagging systems (as socio-technical frameworks). Keywords: Social tagging, folksonomy, tagging, literature review, research review 1. Introduction User-generated keywords – tags – have been suggested as a lightweight way of enhancing descriptions of on-line information resources, and improving their access through broader indexing. “Social Tagging” refers to the practice of publicly labeling or categorizing resources in a shared, on-line environment. -
Growth of the Internet
Growth of the Internet K. G. Coffman and A. M. Odlyzko AT&T Labs - Research [email protected], [email protected] Preliminary version, July 6, 2001 Abstract The Internet is the main cause of the recent explosion of activity in optical fiber telecommunica- tions. The high growth rates observed on the Internet, and the popular perception that growth rates were even higher, led to an upsurge in research, development, and investment in telecommunications. The telecom crash of 2000 occurred when investors realized that transmission capacity in place and under construction greatly exceeded actual traffic demand. This chapter discusses the growth of the Internet and compares it with that of other communication services. Internet traffic is growing, approximately doubling each year. There are reasonable arguments that it will continue to grow at this rate for the rest of this decade. If this happens, then in a few years, we may have a rough balance between supply and demand. Growth of the Internet K. G. Coffman and A. M. Odlyzko AT&T Labs - Research [email protected], [email protected] 1. Introduction Optical fiber communications was initially developed for the voice phone system. The feverish level of activity that we have experienced since the late 1990s, though, was caused primarily by the rapidly rising demand for Internet connectivity. The Internet has been growing at unprecedented rates. Moreover, because it is versatile and penetrates deeply into the economy, it is affecting all of society, and therefore has attracted inordinate amounts of public attention. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the current state of knowledge about the growth rates of the Internet, with special attention paid to the implications for fiber optic transmission. -
Chapter 2 the Internet & World Wide
Chapter 2 The Internet & World Wide Web 1 OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW Explain the purpose Identify and briefly Describe the types of of a Web browser and describe various Internet access identify the broadband Internet providers components of a Web connections address Describe how to use a search engine to Describe the types of search for Web sites information on the Web 2 OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW Recognize how Web pages use graphics, Identify the steps animation, audio, video, required for Web virtual reality, and plug- publishing ins Explain how e-mail, mailing lists, instant messaging, chat rooms, Identify the rules of VoIP, FTP, and netiquette newsgroups and message boards work 3 THE INTERNET The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals 4 THE INTERNET The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals: Allow scientists at Function even if part different physical of the network were locations to share disabled or destroyed information and work by a disaster together 5 THE INTERNET 1986 NSF connects NSFnet to 1969 ARPANET and ARPANET becomes 1996 becomes known as the Internet2 is functional Internet founded 1984 1995 NSFNet Today More ARPANET has terminates its than 550 more than network on million hosts 1,000 the Internet connect to individual and resumes the Internet computers status as linked as research hosts network 6 THE INTERNET Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband -
Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems
Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Paul Sabatino, [email protected] This paper details the impact of new advances in residential broadband networking, including ADSL, HDSL, VDSL, RADSL, cable modems. History as well as future trends of these technologies are also addressed. OtherReports on Recent Advances in Networking Back to Raj Jain's Home Page Table of Contents ● 1. Introduction ● 2. DSL Technologies ❍ 2.1 ADSL ■ 2.1.1 Competing Standards ■ 2.1.2 Trends ❍ 2.2 HDSL ❍ 2.3 SDSL ❍ 2.4 VDSL ❍ 2.5 RADSL ❍ 2.6 DSL Comparison Chart ● 3. Cable Modems ❍ 3.1 IEEE 802.14 ❍ 3.2 Model of Operation ● 4. Future Trends ❍ 4.1 Current Trials ● 5. Summary ● 6. Glossary ● 7. References http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-97/rbb/index.htm (1 of 14) [2/7/2000 10:59:54 AM] Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems 1. Introduction The widespread use of the Internet and especially the World Wide Web have opened up a need for high bandwidth network services that can be brought directly to subscriber's homes. These services would provide the needed bandwidth to surf the web at lightning fast speeds and allow new technologies such as video conferencing and video on demand. Currently, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and Cable modem technologies look to be the most cost effective and practical methods of delivering broadband network services to the masses. <-- Back to Table of Contents 2. DSL Technologies Digital Subscriber Line A Digital Subscriber Line makes use of the current copper infrastructure to supply broadband services. -
History of the Internet-English
Sirin Palasri Steven Huter ZitaWenzel, Ph.D. THE HISTOR Y OF THE INTERNET IN THAILAND Sirin Palasri Steven G. Huter Zita Wenzel (Ph.D.) The Network Startup Resource Center (NSRC) University of Oregon The History of the Internet in Thailand by Sirin Palasri, Steven Huter, and Zita Wenzel Cover Design: Boonsak Tangkamcharoen Published by University of Oregon Libraries, 2013 1299 University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403-1299 United States of America Telephone: (541) 346-3053 / Fax: (541) 346-3485 Second printing, 2013. ISBN: 978-0-9858204-2-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-9858204-6-6 (English PDF), doi:10.7264/N3B56GNC ISBN: 978-0-9858204-7-3 (Thai PDF), doi:10.7264/N36D5QXN Originally published in 1999. Copyright © 1999 State of Oregon, by and for the State Board of Higher Education, on behalf of the Network Startup Resource Center at the University of Oregon. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/deed.en_US Requests for permission, beyond the Creative Commons authorized uses, should be addressed to: The Network Startup Resource Center (NSRC) 1299 University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon 97403-1299 USA Telephone: +1 541 346-3547 Email: [email protected] Fax: +1 541-346-4397 http://www.nsrc.org/ This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NCR-961657. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. -
Bbvaopenmind.Com 19 Key Essays on How Internet Is Changing Our Lives
bbvaopenmind.com 19 Key Essays on How Internet Is Changing Our Lives CH@NGE Zaryn Dentzel How the Internet Has Changed Everyday Life bbvaopenmind.com How the Internet Has Changed Everyday Life ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Zaryn Dentzel CEO, Tuenti bbvaopenmind.com How the Internet Has Changed Everyday Life Society, Community, Individuals Zaryn Dentzel 5 Zaryn Dentzel es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaryn_Dentzel Illustration Catell Ronca bbvaopenmind.com 7 Zaryn Dentzel Zaryn Dentzel is the founder and CEO of Tuenti, a Spanish tech company centered on mobile communications whose multi-platform integrates the best of instant messaging and the most private and secure social network. Also a member of the cabinet of advisors to Crown Prince Felipe for the Principe de Girona Foundation, Dentzel is involved in promoting education and entrepreneurship among young people in Spain. He studied at UC Santa Barbara and Occidental College, graduating with a degree in Spanish Literature, and Diplomacy and World Affairs. How the Internet Has Changed Everyday Life Sites and services that have changed my life tuenti.com techcrunch.com spotify.com Kinect Training bbvaopenmind.com Society, Community, Individuals bbvaopenmind.com 9 How the Internet Has Changed Everyday Life What Happened? The Internet has turned our existence upside down. It has revolutionized communications, to the extent that it is now our preferred medium of ev- Zaryn Dentzel eryday communication. In almost everything we do, we use the Internet. Ordering a pizza, buying a television, sharing a moment with a friend, send- ing a picture over instant messaging. Before the Internet, if you wanted to keep up with the news, you had to walk down to the newsstand when it opened in the morning and buy a local edition reporting what had happened the previous day. -
Internet Radio: an Analysis of Pandora and Spotify
Internet Radio: An Analysis of Pandora and Spotify BY Corinne Loiacono ADVISOR • Jim Bishop EDITORIAL REVIEWER • Phyllis Schumacher _________________________________________________________________________________________ Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors in the Bryant University Honors Program APRIL 2014 Internet Radio Customizations: An Analysis of Pandora and Spotify Senior Capstone Project for Corinne Loiacono Table of Contents Acknowledgements: ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract: ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction: ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Review of Literature: .................................................................................................................................... 7 An Overview of Pandora: ................................................................................................................ 7 An Overview of Spotify: ............................................................................................................... 10 Other Mediums: ............................................................................................................................. 12 A Comparison: ..............................................................................................................................