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Home , History of the Internet, Internet, Personal web page, World Wide Web

Chapter 2 Objectives

Discuss how the works Define Webcasting

Understand ways to access Describe the uses of electronic the Internet commerce (e-commerce)

Identify a URL Identify the tools required Chapter 2 for Web

The Internet and Search for information Explain how e-, FTP, on the Web newsgroups and message boards, mailing lists, chat rooms and work Describe the types of Web Identify the rules of netiquette Recognize how Web pages use Next graphics, animation, audio, p. 2.2 , and

The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? How did the Internet originate? (1) (4) ARPANET (3) Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced Research (2) Goal: Projects Agency To allow (ARPA) Became (5) (6) scientists at functional different September locations to share 1969 ‰ e-mail (1) ‰ chat (4) information Goal: ‰ e-mail (1) ‰ chat (4) To function if

Next ‰ Web (2) ‰ message board (5) Next part of network p. 2.3 were disabled p. 2.2 Fig. 2-1 ‰ (3) ‰ instantinstant messagingmessaging (6)(6)

History of the Internet History of the Internet Who provides the Internet’s structure today? How has the Internet grown?

Today Networks from Cable More than 100 million nodes corporations, companies companies commercial firms, and other companies 1984 More than 1,000 host nodes

Satellite Government companies 1969

Next Next Four host nodes p. 2.4 p. 2.4

1 How the Internet History of the Internet Works Who controls the Internet? What are ways to access the Internet? • Nobody; it is public, , and an 1 Regional independent network ISP • Several set standards 2 National ISP 3 OSP (Ex. AOL)

World Wide Web (I2) 4 Internet (W3C) • Internet-related research Service 2 and development project 1 3 • Oversees research, sets Provider local 4 call standards and guidelines • Develops and tests local call • Tim Berners-Lee, director advanced Internet Next Next p. 2.4 p. 2.5 Fig. 2-2 long-distance local toll- local call call call call

How the Internet How the Internet Works Works How can you connect to the Internet? What are three parts of an Internet connection?

Very high-speed connection

Backbone (DSL) and cable

Dial-up access

Next Next p. 2.6 p. 2.6

How the Internet How the Internet Works Works 1: Request from the What is an (IP) address? a server on Internet. Regional 2: Modem converts digital Step 3 ISP • Number that uniquely identifies each or to analog signals. Step 5 device connected to Internet 3: Data travels through Step 1 telephone lines to a Step 2 Step 4 local ISP. 4: Data passes National IP address 199.95.72.10 through routers. ISP 5: Regional ISP uses last part first part leased lines to send identifies Step 6 identifies data to a national ISP. specific Local ISP network 6: National ISP routes Internet computer data across the backbone country. Step 8 7: National ISP passes Next data to local ISP. Step 7 Next p. 2.7 Fig. 2-38: Server sends p. 2.8 Fig. 2-4 National ISP data back to you.

2 How the Internet The World Wide Web Works What is a ? What is the World Wide Web (WWW) ? • Text version of IP address • A worldwide collection of electronic • Also called the Web • Each is called a IP address 199.95.72.10 • Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Domain name scsite.com Web pages •A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

Next Next p. 2.8 Fig. 2-4 p. 2.9

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web How can you establish a connection and start the What is a ? Web browser? Step 1 ™ Program that allows you to Step 2 view Web 1:Click the Web browser Web pages program name browser • 2:If necessary, program • Internet connect to name Explorer Internet 3:Connection to the Internet occurs and a home page displays

Next Next p. 2.9 Fig. 2-6 p. 2.10 Fig. 2-7 Step 3

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web How do handheld and cellular access the Web? What is a ? • Must be Web- Microbrowser for a • Text or graphic that Web-enabled displays a related enabled cellular telephone • Uses a Web page microbrowser that • Also called a link displays Web pages that contain mostly text

Next Microbrowser for a Web- Next p. 2.11 Fig. 2-8 enabled handheld computer p. 2.12

3 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web How can you identify a hyperlink (link) on a How do you recognize links? 1. Some links Web page? display a different color ™ Mouse pointer changes when you point to a small hand when you to them 2. Some links point to a link are underlined ™ Click the link to display 3. Some links the associated Web page are graphical images 1. link ™ Link can be a word, 2. link phrase, or image

3. link Next Next p. 2.12 mouse pointer changes to p. 2.12 Fig. 2-9 small hand

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What can links display? What is a URL? • Item found elsewhere on same Web page • Unique address for Web page located on • Different Web page at same Web site protocol domain name path • Web page at a different Web site

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html

Next Next p. 2.12 p. 2.13 Fig. 2-10

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is a ? • Program used to find Web pages pertaining to What is a hit? • Any Web page name that a specific topic lists as the result of a search 97 hits

Search text Spider search Word or phrase Program used by engine entered in search search engines to find engine’s text Web pages that hit contain search text Also called a keyword Also called a crawler

Next or bot Next p. 2.14 p. 2.14 Fig. 2-11

4 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web organized topics What are some What is a directory? from which you select widely used search • Search tool with engines? organized set of topics and subtopics • Lets you find information by clicking links rather than entering keywords

Next Next p. 2.15 Fig. 2-12 p. 2.15 Fig. 2-13

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What are the six basic types of Web pages? What is a portal Web page? Yahoo! is • Offers a a portal variety of Advocacy Business/ Informational Internet services from a single, convenient location • Often called a Portal Personal portal

Next Next p. 2.16 p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14a

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

ESPN.com What is a news Web page? is a What is an informational Web page? • Contains news page • Contains facts newsworthy material • Created by • Stories and organizations articles and relating to governments current events, life, money, sports, and weather Next Next p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14b p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14c

5 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is a business/marketing Web page? What is an advocacy Web page? • Contains • Contains content that content that promotes describes a products cause, opinion, or • Allows idea you to purchase products online

Next Next p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14d p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14e

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is a ? What services are often found on a portal? • Web page Search maintained by E-mail engine private Sports and Newsgroups weather Stock individual Local , quotes or message national, and Instant boards • Reasons: worldwide messaging life news Reference experience tools Maps with the world Free Chat rooms personal Calendars Web pages Shopping malls and auctions Next Next p. 2.17 Fig. 2-14f p. 2.17

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is a Web community? What is ? • Web site joining specific group of people • Application integrating text with other media with similar interests or relationships elements • Often used on Web pages to add appeal

Virtual reality Newsgroup or message Audio Animation board E-mail Online photo Chat Next albums Next Graphics Video p. 2.17 room p. 2.18

6 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What are graphic file formats? What is a thumbnail?

• Small version of a larger graphical image • Usually click thumbnail on Web page to display full-sized image full-sized Next Next image p. 2.18 Fig. 2-16 p. 2.19 Fig. 2-17

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is animation? What is audio? • Appearance of motion • Music, speech, or any other sound created by displaying a • Individual sound files that you download to series of still images in your computer rapid sequence

Next Next p. 2.19 p. 2.20

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What are MP3 files? What is streaming audio? MP 3 player • Enables you to listen to • Compresses audio plays music to one-tenth of stored on CD the sound as it RealAudio original size while downloads to your preserving quality computer of sound • stations use streaming audio to • Allows for transfer broadcast over the Web of music over Web RealAudio link MP 3 player Next plays music Next radio station p. 2.20 Fig. 2-18 stored on p. 2.21 Fig. 2-19 Web page clik! disk

7 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is video? What is a Web cam? • Consists of full- streaming video • Combined video motion images with camera and sound played back that at various speeds outputs video to a • MPEG is popular Web page video compression

Web cam Next Next video display p. 2.22 Fig. 2-20 p. 2.22

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is virtual reality (VR)? What is Webcasting? • Use of computers to simulate real or imagined environment • Delivers information via the Web at regular intervals without making a request • Used for and • Also called push many practical applications real-time sporting event scores pushed to desktop from SportsLine.com Web site Next Next p. 2.22 Fig. 2-21 p. 2.23

Electronic Commerce Electronic Commerce shopping at Target What is e-commerce? in the What are the three types of e-commerce? • Financial Target comfort of Business to Web site home business (B-to-C or B2C) Sale of goods to general public transaction that occurs Consumer to consumer over an (C-to-C or C2C) electronic network One consumer sells directly to another such as the Business to business Internet (B-to-B or B2B)

Next Next Businesses providing goods and services p. 2.24 Fig. 2-23 p. 2.25 to other businesses

8 Electronic Commerce Web Publishing Step 1 Step 2 What are e-commerce features? What is Web publishing? • Electronic storefront • Development and maintenance of Web pages • Shopping cart Step 3

• 1Plan

2 Analyze and design Step 4 3 Create the Web site 4 Deploy the Web site

5 Maintain the Web site

Step 5

Next Next p. 2.25 p. 2.26 Fig. 2-24

Other Internet Web Publishing Services How do you deploy a Web site? What is an e-mail address? • Combination of user name and domain name that identifies user so he or she can receive e- mail Locate Web User name or user-ID at Domain name A unique combination of Identifies the mail server server to store , or characters that identifies you your site copy, site to Web server

Next Next p. 2.29 p. 2.31 Fig. 2-27

Other Internet Other Internet Services Services How can you get e-mail? How does an e- • Obtain e-mail address from or ISP mail message Step 1 travel? • Some Web sites, such as hotmail.com, provide 1 Create & send message e-mail services free of charge 2 Your software contacts ISP mail server Step 2 Step 5 • Basic components include: 3 Mail server determines best route Address 4 Mail server transfers Mail Server mail message to POP3 server Step 4 Allows you to store list of Server that contains 5 When e-mail software server names and e-mail addresses mailboxes checks for e-mail messages, message Internet Mailbox transfers from POP3 routers server to recipient’s Storage location usually POP3POP computer server Next residing on computer that Next mail p. 2.31 p. 2.32 Fig. 2-28 server connects you to Internet Step 3

9 Other Internet Other Internet Services Services What is FTP? What is a newsgroup? • • Online area where users conduct written discussions about particular subject • Internet standard that • User sends message to newsgroup allows you to • Other users in newsgroup read and reply to upload and message download files with file other download dialog computers box Entire collection of on Internet Internet newsgroups Computer that stores Next Next and distributes p. 2.33 Fig. 2-29 p. 2.33 newsgroup messages

Other Internet Other Internet Services Services What is a message board? What is a chat? • Type of that does not require • Real-time newsreader conversation that • Also called a takes place on a discussion board computer • is location on server that permits users to discuss topics of interest

Next Next p. 2.34 Fig. 2-30 link to message about p. 2.35 Fig. 2-32 financial issues

Other Internet Netiquette Services What is instant messaging (IM)? What is • A real-time netiquette? Internet • Code of Golden Rule: acceptable service behaviors users Treat others as you would like Marianne’s message should follow immediately displays on while on the them to treat you. Jeff’s computer screen because she is online Internet

message sent from Marianne to Next Jeff Next p. 2.36 Fig. 2-33 Jeff’s response to Marianne p. 2.37 Fig. 2-34

10 Summary of the Internet and World Wide Web • History of the Internet • How the Internet works • The World Wide Web • Electronic commerce • Web publishing • Other Internet services • Netiquette Chapter 2 Complete

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