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Chapter 2 the Internet and World Wide Web Chapter 2 Objectives Chapter 2 Objectives Discuss how the Internet works Define Webcasting Understand ways to access Describe the uses of electronic the Internet commerce (e-commerce) Identify a URL Identify the tools required Chapter 2 for Web publishing The Internet and Search for information Explain how e-mail, FTP, on the Web newsgroups and message World Wide Web boards, mailing lists, chat rooms and instant messaging work Describe the types of Web pages Identify the rules of netiquette Recognize how Web pages use Next graphics, animation, audio, p. 2.2 video, and virtual reality The Internet History of the Internet What are some services found on the Internet? How did the Internet originate? (1) (4) ARPANET (3) Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced Research (2) Goal: Projects Agency To allow (ARPA) Became (5) (6) scientists at functional different September locations to share 1969 e-mail (1) chat (4) information Goal: e-mail (1) chat (4) To function if Next Web (2) message board (5) Next part of network p. 2.3 were disabled p. 2.2 Fig. 2-1 file transfer (3) instantinstant messagingmessaging (6)(6) History of the Internet History of the Internet Who provides the Internet’s structure today? How has the Internet grown? Today Networks from Telephone Cable More than 100 million host nodes corporations, companies companies commercial firms, and other companies 1984 More than 1,000 host nodes Satellite Government companies 1969 Next Next Four host nodes p. 2.4 p. 2.4 1 How the Internet History of the Internet Works Who controls the Internet? What are ways to access the Internet? • Nobody; it is public, cooperative, and an 1 Regional independent network ISP • Several organizations set standards 2 National ISP 3 OSP (Ex. AOL) World Wide Web Consortium Internet2 (I2) 4 Wireless Internet (W3C) • Internet-related research Service 2 and development project 1 3 • Oversees research, sets Provider local 4 call standards and guidelines • Develops and tests local call • Tim Berners-Lee, director advanced Internet Next technologies Next p. 2.4 p. 2.5 Fig. 2-2 long-distance local toll-free local call call call call How the Internet How the Internet Works Works How can you connect to the Internet? What are three parts of an Internet connection? Very high-speed connection Backbone Digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modem Client Server Dial-up access Next Next p. 2.6 p. 2.6 How the Internet How the Internet Works Works 1: Request data from the What is an Internet protocol (IP) address? a server on Internet. Regional 2: Modem converts digital Step 3 ISP • Number that uniquely identifies each computer or to analog signals. Step 5 device connected to Internet 3: Data travels through Step 1 telephone lines to a Step 2 Step 4 local ISP. 4: Data passes National IP address 199.95.72.10 through routers. ISP 5: Regional ISP uses last part first part leased lines to send identifies Step 6 identifies data to a national ISP. specific Local ISP network 6: National ISP routes Internet computer data across the backbone country. Step 8 7: National ISP passes Next data to local ISP. Step 7 Next p. 2.7 Fig. 2-38: Server sends p. 2.8 Fig. 2-4 National ISP data back to you. 2 How the Internet The World Wide Web Works What is a domain name? What is the World Wide Web (WWW) ? • Text version of IP address • A worldwide collection of electronic documents • Also called the Web • Each document is called a Web page IP address 199.95.72.10 • Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Domain name scsite.com Web pages •A Web site is a collection of related Web pages Next Next p. 2.8 Fig. 2-4 p. 2.9 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web How can you establish a connection and start the What is a Web browser? Web browser? Step 1 Program that allows you to Step 2 view Web 1:Click the Web browser Web pages program name browser • Netscape 2:If necessary, program • Internet connect to name Explorer Internet 3:Connection to the Internet occurs and a home page displays Next Next p. 2.9 Fig. 2-6 p. 2.10 Fig. 2-7 Step 3 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web How do handheld computers and cellular telephones access the Web? What is a hyperlink? • Must be Web- Microbrowser for a • Text or graphic that Web-enabled displays a related enabled cellular telephone • Uses a Web page microbrowser that • Also called a link displays Web pages that contain mostly text Next Microbrowser for a Web- Next p. 2.11 Fig. 2-8 enabled handheld computer p. 2.12 3 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web How can you identify a hyperlink (link) on a How do you recognize links? 1. Some links Web page? display a different color Mouse pointer changes when you point to a small hand when you to them 2. Some links point to a link are underlined Click the link to display 3. Some links the associated Web page are graphical images 1. link Link can be a word, 2. link phrase, or image 3. link Next Next p. 2.12 mouse pointer changes to p. 2.12 Fig. 2-9 small hand The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What can links display? What is a URL? • Item found elsewhere on same Web page • Unique address for Web page located on Web server • Different Web page at same Web site protocol domain name path • Web page at a different Web site http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html Next Next p. 2.12 p. 2.13 Fig. 2-10 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is a search engine? • Program used to find Web pages pertaining to What is a hit? • Any Web page name that a specific topic lists as the result of a search 97 hits Search text Spider Google search Word or phrase Program used by engine entered in search search engines to find engine’s text box Web pages that hit contain search text Also called a keyword Also called a crawler Next or bot Next p. 2.14 p. 2.14 Fig. 2-11 4 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web organized topics What are some What is a directory? from which you select widely used search • Search tool with engines? organized set of topics and subtopics • Lets you find information by clicking links rather than entering keywords Next Next p. 2.15 Fig. 2-12 p. 2.15 Fig. 2-13 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What are the six basic types of Web pages? What is a portal Web page? Yahoo! is • Offers a a portal variety of Advocacy Business/ Informational Internet marketing services from a single, convenient location • Often called a News Portal Personal portal Next Next p. 2.16 p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14a The World Wide Web The World Wide Web ESPN.com What is a news Web page? is a sports What is an informational Web page? • Contains news page • Contains facts newsworthy material • Created by • Stories and organizations articles and relating to governments current events, life, money, sports, and weather Next Next p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14b p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14c 5 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is a business/marketing Web page? What is an advocacy Web page? • Contains • Contains content that content that promotes describes a products cause, opinion, or • Allows idea you to purchase products online Next Next p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14d p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14e The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is a personal Web page? What services are often found on a portal? • Web page Search maintained by E-mail engine private Sports and Newsgroups weather Stock individual Local , quotes or message national, and Instant boards • Reasons: worldwide messaging sharing life news Reference experience tools Maps with the world Free Chat rooms personal Calendars Web pages Shopping malls and auctions Next Next p. 2.17 Fig. 2-14f p. 2.17 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is a Web community? What is multimedia? • Web site joining specific group of people • Application integrating text with other media with similar interests or relationships elements Often used on Web pages to add appeal Virtual reality Newsgroup or message Audio Animation board E-mail Online photo Chat Next albums Next Graphics Video p. 2.17 room p. 2.18 6 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What are graphic file formats? What is a thumbnail? • Small version of a larger graphical image • Usually click thumbnail on Web page to display full-sized image full-sized Next Next image p. 2.18 Fig. 2-16 p. 2.19 Fig. 2-17 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What is animation? What is audio? • Appearance of motion • Music, speech, or any other sound created by displaying a • Individual sound files that you download to series of still images in your computer rapid sequence Next Next p. 2.19 p. 2.20 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web What are MP3 files? What is streaming audio? MP 3 player • Enables you to listen to • Compresses audio plays music to one-tenth of stored on CD the sound as it RealAudio original size while downloads to your preserving quality computer of sound • Radio stations use streaming audio to • Allows for transfer broadcast over the Web of music over Web RealAudio link MP 3 player Next plays music Next radio station p.
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