Draft Report

क� द्र�यभू�म जल बो जल संसाधन, नद� �वकास और गंगा संर�ण मंत्रा भारत सरकार Central Ground Water Board Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Government of

Report on AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN () Taluka, District, (Part-I)

म鵍ा �ेत, नागपुर Central Region, Zzzz/AMP/2017 – for official use only भारत सरकार Government of India PART -I जल संसाधन, नदी िवकास एवं गंगा संरक्षणम ं�ा Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation के न ् ी ा भूिमजल बोडर CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD

AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS, KHATAV (VADUJ) TALUKA, , MAHARASHTRA

KHATAV (VADUJ) TALUKA, SATARA DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA

खटाव (वडुज) तालुका, सातारा िजल्ह, महाराष्

मध् क्ष, नागपुर/ Central Region, Nagpur माचर 2017 / March 2017

PART-I

AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS, KHATAV (VADUJ) TALUKA, SATARA DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA

CONTRIBUTORS

Principal Authors Anu Radha Bhatia : Scientist-D (Sr. Hydrogeologist) J. R. Verma : Scientist-D

Supervision & Guidance D. Subba Rao : Regional Director Dr. P.K. Jain : Supdtg. Hydrogeologist Sourabh Gupta : Sr. Hydrogeologist A. B. Kavade : Sr. Hydrogeologist

Hydrogeology, GIS maps and Management Plan J. R. Verma : Scientist-D

Hydrogeological Data Acquisition and Groundwater Exploration Catherine Louis : Scientist-B Junaid Ahmad : Scientist-B

Chemical Analysis Dr. Devsharan Verma : Scientist B (Chemist) Dr. Rajni Kant Sharma : Scientist B (Chemist) T. Dinesh Kumar : Assistant Chemist

2

AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS, KHATAV (VADUJ) TALUKA, SATARA DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Objective and Scope 1 1.2 Approach and Methodology 2 1.3 Study area 3 1.4 Data Adequacy and Data Gap Analysis: 5 1.5 Data Gap Identification 5 1.6 Climate and Rainfall 5 1.7 Physiography 8 1.8 Geomorphology 11 1.9 Land Use, Agriculture, Irrigation and Cropping Pattern 9 1.10 Hydrology and Drainage 13 1.11 Prevailing Water Conservation and Recharge Practices Error! Bookmark not defined. 2 DATA COLLECTION AND GENERATION ...... 17 2.1 Data Collection and Compilation 17 2.2 Data Generation 17 3 DATA INTERPRETATION, INTEGRATION AND AQUIFER MAPPING ...... 25 3.1 Hydrogeology 25 3.2 Ground Water Quality 36 3.3 3-D and 2-D Aquifer Disposition 39 3.4 Aquifer Characteristics 46 4 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ...... 52 4.1 Ground Water Resources – Aquifer-I 52 4.2 Ground Water Resources – Aquifer-II 54 5 GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES ...... 56 5.1 Over Exploitation of Ground Wate 56 5.2 Declining water level 57 5.3 Low Ground Water Potential / Limited Aquifer Thickness / Sustainability 58 5.4 Low rainfall and droughts 59 6 MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ...... 60 6.1 Aquifer Management Plan for Khatav taluka 60 7 SUM UP & RECOMMENDATIONS ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3

List of Figures / Annexure Fig. 1.1a: Index map, Khatav (Vaduj) Taluka, Satara District, Maharastra ...... 3 Fig. 1.1b: Administrative map., Taluka, Satara District, Maharastra ...... 4 Fig 1.2: Locations of Existing Exploratory Wells and Ground Water Monitoring Wells...... 6 Fig.1.3: Annual Normal Rainfall ...... 7 Fig.1.4: l Rainfall 2016 ...... 8 Fig.1.5: Physiography ...... 10 Fig.1.6: Geomorphology ...... 14 Fig.1.7: Land Use ...... 12 Fig.1.8: Hydrology and Drainage ...... 15 Fig.1.9: Watershedl ...... 17 Fig.2.1: Locations of Exploratory Wells and Key Observation Wells ...... 20 Fig.2.2: Locations of Micro Level Hydrogeological Data Acquisition Wells ...... 22 Fig.2.3: Soil Infiltration Plots ...... 21 Fig.2.4: Soil Infiltration Plots ...... 22 Fig.2.5: Geology ...... 23 Fig.2.6: Basaltic flows ...... 24 Fig. 3.1: Hydrogeology ...... 27 Fig. 3.2: Premonsoon (May 2016) Depth to Water Level of Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) ...... 28 Fig. 3.3: Postmonsoon (Nov. 2016) Depth to Water Level of Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) ...... 29 Fig. 3.4: Seasonal Fluctuation of Water Level ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Fig. 3.5: Premonsoon Water Table Elevation (May 2016) ...... 31 Fig. 3.6: Premonsoon Water Level Trend (May 2007-16) of Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) ...... 32 Fig. 3.7: Postmonsoon Water Level Trend (Nov. 2007-16) of Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) ...... 33 Fig. 3.8: Premonsoon Depth to Water Level of Aquifer-II (Deeper Aquifer) ...... 34 Fig. 3.9: Postmonsoon Depth to Water Level of Aquifer-II (Deeper Aquifer) ...... 35 Fig. 3.10: Ground water quality Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) ...... 37 Fig. 3.11: Ground water quality Aquifer-II (Deeper Aquifer) ...... 38 Fig.3.13: Fence Diagram ...... 40 Fig.3.12: 3-D disposition of Aquifers ...... 39 Fig.3.14: 3-D disposition of Aquifers(Litholog)...... 41 Fig. 3.15: 2-D disposition of Aquifer-I ...... 42 Fig. 3.16: 2-D disposition of Aquifer-II ...... 43 Fig. 3.17: Aquifer map ...... 43 Fig.3.18: Hydrogeological Cross Section A-A'...... 45 Fig.3.19: Hydrogeological Cross Section B-B'...... 44 Fig.3.20: Hydrogeological Cross Section C-C’ ...... 44 Fig.3.21: Hydrogeological Cross Section D-D’ ...... 45 Fig. 3.22: Aquifer-I – Yield Potential ...... 49 Fig. 3.23: Aquifer-II – Yield Potential ...... 50 Fig. 3.24: Cumulative Yield Potential...... 51 Fig.4.1: Recharge from various sources ...... 54 Fig. 4.2: Aquifer-II – Fractured rock thickness...... 55 Fig. 5.1:Stage of ground water development ...... 56 Fig. 5.2:Ground water draftt ...... 57 Fig. 5.3 Premonsoon water level trend...... 57 Fig. 5.4 Postmonsoon water level trend...... 57 Fig.5.5: Aquifer-I – Yield Potential ...... 58

4

Fig. 3.22: Aquifer-II– Yield Potential ...... 59 Fig.6.1: Artificial recharge structuret ...... 62 Fig.6.2: Area proposed for drip irrigation...... 63 Annexure-I: Long Term Rainfall Analysis of Khatav (Vaduj) Taluka, Satara District...... 69 Annexure-II: Details of Ground Water Exploration ...... 70 Annexure-III: Micro Level Hydrogeological Data – Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) ...... 72 Annexure-IV: Detailed Data of Soil Infiltration Tests conducted at Chisda, Khadoli and Saily 75 Annexure-V: Water Level Data of Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) ...... 77 Annexure-VI: Water Level Data of Aquifer-II (Deeper Aquifer) ...... 78 Annexure-VII: Ground Water Quality Data of Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) ...... 80 Annexure-VIII: Ground Water Quality Data of Aquifer-II (Deeper Aquifer) ...... 82 Annexure-IX: Location of Artificial Recharge Structures ...... 83

5

AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS, KHATAV (VADUJ) TALUKA, SATARA DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA

1 INTRODUCTION In XII five year plan, National Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM) had been taken up by CGWB to carry out detailed hydrogeological investigation on toposheet scale of 1:50,000. The NAQUIM has been prioritised to study Over-exploited, Critical and Semi-Critical taluka as well as the other stress areas recommended by the State Govt. Aquifer mapping is a process wherein a combination of geologic, geophysical, hydrologic and chemical analyses is applied to characterize the quantity, quality and sustainability of ground water in aquifers. The vagaries of rainfall, inherent heterogeneity & unsustainable nature of hard rock aquifers, over exploitation of once copious alluvial aquifers, lack of regulation mechanism has a detrimental effect on ground water scenario of the Country in last decade or so. Thus, prompting the paradigm shift from “traditional groundwater development concept” to “modern groundwater management concept”. Varied and diverse hydrogeological settings demand precise and comprehensive mapping of aquifers down to the optimum possible depth at appropriate scale to arrive at the robust and implementable ground water management plans. The proposed management plans will provide the “Road Map” for ensuring sustainable management and equitable distribution of ground water resources, thereby primarily improving drinking water security and irrigation coverage. Thus the crux of NAQUIM is not merely mapping, but reaching the goal-that of ground water management through community participation. The aquifer maps and management plans will be shared with the Administration of Khatav Taluka, Satara District, Maharashtra for its effective implementation. 1.1 Objective and Scope Aquifer mapping itself is an improved form of groundwater management – recharge, conservation, harvesting and protocols of managing groundwater. These protocols will be the real derivatives of the aquifer mapping exercise and will find a place in the output i.e, the aquifer map and management plan. The activities under NAQUIM are aimed at: identifying the aquifer geometry, aquifer characteristics and their yield potential quality of water occurring at various depths, aquifer wise assessment of ground water resources preparation of aquifer maps and Formulate ground water management plan. This clear demarcation of aquifers and their potential will help the agencies involved in water supply in ascertaining, how much volume of water is under their control. The robust and implementable ground water management plan will provide a “Road Map” to

1

systematically manage the ground water resources for equitable distribution across the spectrum. Khatav (Vaduj) Taluka, Satara District, Maharashtra is spread over an area of 1358 sq.km. and has been entirely covered during the Annual Action Plan of 2016-17. 1.2 Approach and Methodology The ongoing activities of NAQUIM include toposheet-wise micro-level hydrogeological data acquisition supported by geophysical and hydro-chemical investigations supplemented with ground water exploration down to the depths of 200 / 300 meters. Considering the objectives of the NAQUIM, the data on various components was segregated, collected and brought on GIS platform by geo-referencing the available information for its utilisation for preparation of various thematic maps. The approach and methodology followed for Aquifer mapping is as given below:

Compilation of existing data (Central & State Govt.)

Generation of different thematic layers

Identification of Primary Aquifer

Identification of data gaps

Data generation (water level, exploration, geophysical, hydrochemical, hydrogeological etc.)

Robust Aquifer Maps with 3D disposition

Preparation of Aquifer Management Plan

2

1.3 Study area Keeping in view the current demand and supply and futuristic requirement of water, Central Ground Water Board has taken up the National Aquifer Mapping Programme (NAQUIM) in India during XII five year plan (2012-17). Entire Khatav (Vaduj) Taluka, Satara District having an area of 1358 sq. km. was selected for NAQUIM activities during the year 2016-17. The index map of the study area is presented in Fig.1.1a and Administrative map in Fig. 1.1b. Khatav Taluka (administrative division) is located in the subdivision of Satara district, Maharashtra and is situated in the southern part of Satara district. Vaduj is the headquarters of the Taluka, which is located 13 km south of Khatav town. Other towns in Khatav Taluka are Mayani, Pusegaon, Aundh, Kaledhon, Pusesavali, Mhasurne, Nimsod, Khatav, Diskal, Budh, Shindewadi and Lalgun. Khatav Taluka is surrounded by the Man, , Phaltan and Talukas of Satara District and Kadegaon and Khanapur Talukas of District. The Taluka receives less rainfall than most and is categorised as a drought affected region. This Taluka is categorized as Semi-Critical, as per Ground Water Resources Estimation carried out by CGWB and GSDA as on March 2013.

Fig 1.1a : Index map

3

Fig. 1.1b: Administrative map, Khatav (Vaduj) Taluka, Satara District, Maharashtra

4

1.4 Data Adequacy and Data Gap Analysis: The available data of the Exploratory wells drilled by Central Ground Water Board, Central Region, Nagpur, Geophysical Survey carried out in the area, Ground water monitoring stations and ground water quality stations monitored by Central Ground Water Board were compiled and analysed for adequacy of the same for the aquifer mapping studies. The locations of existing exploratory wells and ground water monitoring wells which are also used as ground water quality sampling locations are shown in Fig. 1.2. The primary and ancillary data such as ground water abstraction structures, irrigation facilities, rainfall etc., have been collected from the Administration of Khatav Taluka. The data adequacy and data gap analysis was carried out for each of the quadrant of falling in the study area mainly in respect of following primary and essential data requirements: Exploratory Wells Geophysical Surveys Ground Water M onitoring and Ground Water Q uality

Fig 1.2: Locations of Existing Exploratory Wells and Ground Water Monitoring Wells.

5

After taking into consideration, the available data of Ground Water Exploration, Geophysical survey, Ground Water Monitoring and Ground Water Quality, the data adequacy is compiled and the summarised details of required, existing and data gap of exploratory wells, ground water monitoring and ground water quality stations is given below in table 1.1. Table 1.1: Data Adequacy and Data Gap Analysis GW EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICAL GW MONITORING GW MONITORING GW QUALITY GW QUALITY DATA DATA DATA, AQI DATA, AQII DATA, AQI DATA, AQII Req. Exist. Gap Req. Exist. Gap Req. Exist. Gap Req. Exist. Gap Req. Exist. Gap Req. Exist. Gap 10 12 5 63 0 6 21 27 17 10 13 5 21 27 17 10 13 5

1.5 Data Gap Identification The data adequacy as discussed above indicates that the existing data is not sufficient for preparation of aquifer maps, hence data gap has been identified for Exploratory Wells, Geophysical Survey (VES), Ground Water Monitoring Wells and Ground Water Quality. Based on the data gap identification, the data generation activity was planned and completed in 2016-17. 1.6 Climate and Rainfall Agriculture in the area depends mainly on the rainfall from south-west monsoon. The area experiences the Semiarid climate with a hot summer and general dryness throughout the year except during the south-west monsoon season. The summers are hot and become more humid in their later part with temperatures reaching as high as 38° in the month of May. The monsoon starts in the month of June and extends until September. The rainfall is brought by South West monsoon winds. Winters are between maritime temperate and semi-tropical with temperatures ranging from 14° to 30°. The average wind speed recorded is 7.4 km/h. The annual rainfall data for the period 2007 to 2016 is presented in Table-1.2. The perusal of data indicates that the minimum rainfall of 275.4 mm was received in the year 2012, whereas maximum rainfall of 896 mm was received in the year 2010. The average annual rainfall for the decade was found to be 554.78 mm. Average annual rainfall in Khatav Taluka, Satara District is shown in Fig.1.3 and annual rainfall 2016, Khatav Taluka, Satara district is shown in Fig 1.4. The figures indicates that the average annual rainfall increases from central part of the Taluka towards east and west, while annual rainfall during 2016 is increasing from east to west. Table 1.2: Annual Rainfall Data - 2007-2016 (mm) Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Average Rainfall 593.4 419.7 706.1 896.9 393.9 275.4 602 601.6 543.7 515.1 554.78

Table 1.3: Monthly Normal and Monthly Rainfall during 2016 - ( rainfall in mm) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Normal Rain 4.2 0.8 4.2 13.2 34.5 86 75 55 128 70.9 29.1 8.7 509.6 Actual Rain 2016 - 2.4 12.2 0.1 6.4 139.9 117.1 110.6 93.8 32.6 0 0 515.1 Rainy Days 2016 - 0 3 0 0 7 11 9 6 3 0 0 39

6

Fig 1.3: Normal rainfall, Khatav Taluka,Satara district The analysis of long term rainfall data pertaining to the period 1998 to 2016 has also been carried out (Annexure-I) and the probability of occurrence of normal annual rainfall over the Khatav Taluka has been studied. It was observed that the distribution of rainfall is more or less uniform over the area. The rains usually start in the second week of June and last till the end of September. The intensity of rainfall is the highest in July. It is observed that The chances of receiving normal annual rainfall are around 47%. The coefficient of variation of annual rainfall from normal is around 39%. The percentage probability of receiving excess rainfall (i.e. 25% or more in excess of the normal) is around 21% i.e. once in 5 years. The probability of occurrence of moderate drought is around 21 % and severe draught is 11, i.e. one drought in every 3 years. The long term trend of rainfall is flat, @ 0.101 mm/year.

7

Fig 1.4: Rainfall 2016, Khatav Taluka, Satara district. 1.7 Physiography

The Khatav Taluka is an undulating plateau ranging in elevation from 640 to 947 m amsl. surrounded by ranges of Sahyadri Hills (Western Ghats). The terrain is drained by the Yerala river, Nani Nadi and Chand Nala, tributaries of Upper Krishna. The Yerala river rises in the northern part of the Khatav Taluka at an elevation of 947 m. amsl and flows due south- southeast, bisecting the Katav taluka in two almost equal areas. The main physiography features are : older flood plain along Yerala river, Nani Nadi and Chand Nala, middle level plateau with steep slope on the eastern boundary progressing to denudational slope in the upper reaches of streams, and denudational hills and valleys. The physiography of the area is shown in Fig 1.5.

8

Fig.1.5: Physiography

9

Fig 1.6 : Geomorphology

10

1.8 Geomorphology

Geomorphologically, the Khatav Taluka forms part of Deccan Plateau. The analysis of geomorphological data and thematic map collected from MRSAC, Nagpur reveals that almost entire area forms the Plateau, which can be broadly divided in to six units depending on extent of weathering and thickness of soil cover viz. Plateau Un-dissected (PLU) with less than 1m weathering, Plateau Slightly Dissected (PLS) with less than 1m weathering, Plateau Moderately Dissected (PLM), Plateau Highly Dissected (PLH), Plateau Weathered (PLW) with 2-3 m weathering, and isolated Mesas as evident from Fig. 1.6.

1.9 Land Use, Agriculture, Irrigation and Cropping Pattern

Agriculture is the prominent land use aspect in Khatav Taluka and forms 83.26% of total area respectively followed by wast land (9.24% of the total area),water body (3.97% of the total area),the industrial and built-up covered about 1.17 % of the total area. Eastern part of Khatav (Vaduj) Taluka, Satara District has thick forest cover, whereas the major agricultural activity is restricted in the central part corresponding with the valley part. The spatial distribution of land use is presented in Fig. 1.7. The agricultural distribution of crops does follows traditional pattern as paddy is the most dominant single crop in the Khatav Taluka, cereals like Ragi, Wheat, Jowar, Maize and Small Millets etc., being grown in 818 sq.km, whereas pulses like tur, gram, udid, moong, val etc., covering 37.50 sq.km., the cash crop sugarcane is also cultivated in small area of 35.4 sq.km.

Table- 1.4 (a): Land Use, Agriculture and Irrigation (fig. in ha) Total Area Land not available for Uncultivable Fallow Land Net Area Gross Cultiva Geographical Under Cultivation Land Other Area Sown Cropped ble area forest Non Barren Total Than Barren CurrentOther Total Sown More Area Area Agricultur Uncultivab Land Fallow Fallow Fallow Than al Land le Land Once 135800 4121 1182 10113 11295 7923 15465 14564 30029 65529 17899 83428 103481

Table- 1.4 (b): Land Use, Agriculture and Irrigation (fig. in.ha) Total Area Area Total No of Geographical irrigated irrigated irrigated irrigation area by by area wells ground surface water water 135800 9852 5810 15662 46599

11

Fig.1.7: Land Use

12

Table 1.5: Major crop (fig. in.ha) Major crop Area Irrigated Major crop Area Irrigated Major Area Irrigated Under Area Under Area crop Under Area Crop Crop Crop Rice 305 205 Pulses 10296 1914 Cotton 962 962 4315 4000 3540 3540 Ground 2089 65 Wheat Sugarcane nuts Jowar(Kharif) 6837 710 Spices 80 66 Sunflower 412 119 Jowar(Rabi) 10592 7120 Potatos 600 600 Bajra 33700 5100 Onion 1481 1481 Maize 238 38 Brinjal 29 29 Other 560 48 281 281 Cereals Tomatoes Total 74058 25051 Other 229 229 Cereals Vegetables

The surface water based irrigation caters to the small area i.e., 58.1 sq.km. (5.6% of cultivable area). The ground water development is the area is more as compare to surface water irrigation, the same is also reflected in the irrigated area which is about 98.52 sq.km (9.52% of cultivable area).

1.10 Hydrology and Drainage

The terrain is drained by the Yerala river, Nani Nadi and Chand Nala, tributaries of upper Krishna. The towns of Vaduj and Khatav lie on the bank of the Yerala river. The drainage and hydrology map of the Khatav Taluka is shown in Fig. 1.8. Khatav has 2 medium irrigaton projects namely Yeralwadi Dam, Ner Dam and 3 minor irrigaton projects with Total Storage of 06.61 Mm³ and Utilizable Storage of 05.97 Mm³. Also, 8 Minor Irrigation Projects (Less than 250 Ha) projects with Total Storage of 08.86 Mm³ and Utilizable Storage of 06.35 Mm³, 8 Minor Irrigation Projects (Local Level 101 to 250 ha) with Utilizable Storage of 305.39 Mm³ and 427 Minor Irrigation Projects (0 to 100 ha) Local Level with Utilizable Storage of 955.23Mm³ are also existing.

1.11.1 Major Projects

Urmodi Project - The river Urmodi is tributary of Krishna rises in Western Ghats in Satara tahsil. Urmodi irrigation project is constructed to provide water to Khatav and Man drought prone tahsils by lift system. Another Tarali project is constructed on Tarali river near Dangistewadi, in Patan tahsil of Satara district. Through lift system it provides water for irrigation for an area of 14276 ha in Patan, Karad, Khatav & Man tahsils of Satara district.

13

1.11.2 Medium Projects:

Yeralwadi Project: Yeralwadi Dam is an earth fill dam on Yerala river near Khatav. The volume content of the reservoir so created is 663 km3 and gross storage capacity is 33,020.00 km3. The water from the reservoir is mainly for irrigation purpose. Yeralwadi Medium Project Yeralwadi medium project constructed on Yerala river tributary of left bank of at Yeralwadi village at 17° 31´24´´ N latitude and 74° 29´ 35´´ E longitude. Administrative sanction for 2.62 crore in 1972 and in 1996 improved approval is sanctioned of 509.30 lakhs. Land under submergence is 729 ha. Command area of Yeralwadi dam under 31 km right bank canal is 2460 ha and with 18 km left bank canal is 1577 ha. Silent Feature of Yeralwadi Project –Location: Yerala river, tributary of Krishna River. Village and Tahsil Village Yeralwadi, Taluka Khatav, District Satara. Total catchment area up to dam site is 766 km². Average monsoon rainfall is 600 mm. Gross storage of reservoir is 32.80 Mm³ with Dead storage of 13.20 Mm³. Annual utilization of water is 19.60 Mm³. Dam length is 1825 m, top width 6.50 m and maximum height of dam is 19.50 m. Irrigable command area is 4037 ha. (Source: Silent Features of Yeralwadi Project, 2010). Ner Medium Project: Ner medium project is constructed on Yerala river in Khatav tahsil at 17° 44´ N latitude and 74° 18´ E longitude. Total catchment area up to dam site is 154.10 km² and land under submergence is 3.25 km². Dam construction was started in 1826 and completed in 1881. Gross storage of dam is 0.416 TMC and irrigable area is 4324 ha. Project cropping pattern is 2 per cent kharif and 98 per cent rabbi crops. Table 3.15: Silent Features of Ner Project - Location : Yerala river, tributary of Krishna river, Village and Tahsil Ner, Taluka Khatav, District Satara. Total catchment area up to dam site is 154.10 km². Average monsoon rainfall is 500 mm. Gross storage of reservoir is 11.80 Mm³, Live Storage 11.80 Mm³ and Designed Storage is 11.80 Mm³. Annual utilization of water is 19.60 Mm³ Length of dam is 1677.26 m and maximum height of dam is22.55 m. Irrigable command area is 4324 ha. (Source: Based on Silent Features of Ner Project, 2010.)

1.11 Prevailing Water Conservation and Recharge Practices

The Khatav Taluka has very low rainfall in the of the order of 580 mm, hence there is urgent need for water conservation and artificial recharge. As per the data available, Khatav has 2 medium irrigaton projects namely Yeralwadi Dam, Ner Dam and 3 minor irrigaton projects with Total Storage of 06.61 Mm³ and Utilizable Storage of 05.97Mm³ and 8 Minor Irrigation Projects (Less than 250 Ha) projects with Total Storage of 08.86 Mm³ and Utilizable Storage of 06.35 Mm³. Also 8 Minor Irrigation Project (Local Level 101 to 250 ha) with Utilizable Storage of 305.39 Mm³ and 427 Minor Irrigation Projects (0 to 100 ha) Local Level with Utilizable Storage of 955.23Mm³.

14

Fig.1.8: Hydrology and Drainage

15

Fig 1.9 Watershed map

16

2 DATA COLLECTION AND GENERATION

The data collection from various agencies such as GSDA, Irrigation, Agriculture, Revenue, etc., was carried out. The data was collected and then compiled and validated so as to remove the discrepancies and make it utilisable on GIS platform. 2.1 Data Collection and Compilation

The data collection and compilation for various components was carried out as given below. Hydrogeological Data – Current and historical water levels along with water level trend data of 44 monitoring wells (including 17 Key observation wells established 6 NHS and 21 monitoring wells of GSDA) representing Aquifer-I of CGWB. The water levels of 23 exploratory wells representing Aquifer-II were also collected and compiled. Hydrochemical Data - Ground water quality data of 32 monitoring wells of CGWB representing shallow aquifer and data of 13 exploratory wells representing deeper aquifer. Exploratory Drilling – Ground water exploration data of 17 exploratory wells and 6 Observation wells of CGWB in Khatav Taluka and 6 exploratory wells of CGWB just outside the boundary of Khatav Taluka . Hydrology Data – Data on various irrigation projects, their utilisation status, number of ground water abstraction structures and area irrigated from Irrigation department Hydrometeorological Data - Long term rainfall data for each of the taluka from Dept. of Planning. Water Conservation Structures – Numbers, type and storage potential of water conservation structures prevailing in the area from Dept. of Planning. Cropping Pattern Data – Data on prevailing cropping pattern from Agriculture Dept. 2.2 Data Generation

After taking into consideration, the data available with CGWB on Ground Water Exploration, Geophysical survey, Ground Water Monitoring Wells (GWMW) and Ground Water Quality, the data adequacy was compiled and it indicated that exploratory drilling is required at 5 locations, ground water monitoring wells are required at 17 locations for water level and water quality sampling. Further, CGWB has not done any geophysical survey in the Khatav Taluka, hence VES were required at 63 locations. The requirement, availability and gap of major data inputs i.e., exploratory wells, geophysical data, GWMW and ground water quality data are detailed in the Table 2.1. Based on Data Gap Analysis, all the necessary data was generated except VES as discussed below.

17

Table – 2.1: Data Adequacy and Data Gap Analysis EXPLORATORY GEOPHYSICAL GWMONITORING GWMONITORING GW QUALITY GW QUALITY DATA DATA DATA,AQI DATA,AQII DATA,AQI DATA,AQII

Req. Exist. Gap Req Exist. Gap Req. Exist. Gap Req. Exist. Gap Req. Exist. Gap Req. Exist. Gap 10 12 5 63 0 63 21 27 17 10 13 5 21 27 17 10 13 5

2.2.1 Ground Water Exploration 12 EW and 5 OW have been constructed in Khatav Taluka, out of which, as seen from Table-2.1, exploratory drilling was required at 5 locations i.e. Rajapur, Dhakatwadi, Aundh, Dambewadi and Vadgaon with Observation wells at Dhakatwadi and Aundh. The drilling at these sites was done down to 200 m depth by deploying DTH/LMP-87/77 to assess the lithological disposition of shallow aquifer (Aquifer-I) and deeper aquifer (Aquifer-II). The deep aquifers are encountered in depth of 66- 68, 172.3-175. However, their yield is varying from place to place. The water level recorded varies from 2.0 mbgl (Dhakatwadi) to 95 mbgl (Vadgaon). The locations of exploratory wells are shown in Fig. 2.1. The details of exploratory and observation wells are given in Annexure-II. Exploratory drilling was carried out down to depth of 200 m.bgl. except at Chitale exploratory drilling was done down to 301 m.bgl. High yielding wells were constructed at Phadtarwadi (15 lps), Aundh (3.17 lps) and Vaduj (3.17 lps).

2.2.2 Ground Water Monitoring Wells As observed from Table-2.1, GWMWs were required at 17 locations and correspondingly 17 key observation wells (KOW) were established in addition to the existing GWMW to assess the ground water scenario of shallow aquifer (Aquifer-I) of the area. The depth of these dug well varies from 5.5-24.0 mbgl. The pre monsoon (May 2016) depth to water level in these wells varies from 2.95 (Nidhal) to 24 mbgl ( Khatav). The post monsoon depth to water level (Nov. 2016) in the dug well varies from 0.5 (Nidhal) to 14.7 mbgl (Wakeshwar). In general field EC of dug well zone was in the range of 387 (Vardhang) to 1336 (S.Kuroli) µmhos/cm during pre-monsoon. The locations of KOW’s are shown in Fig. 2.1.

2.2.3 Ground Water Quality As observed from Table-2.1, ground water quality stations were required at 17 locations and correspondingly 17 key observation wells (KOW) were established (Fig. 2.1) in addition to the existing GWMW to assess the ground water quality of shallow aquifer (Aquifer-I) of area.

18

2.2.4 Micro Level Hydrogeological Data Acquisition In addition to the KOW’s, micro level hydrogeological data was also required at 33 locations as per data gap analysis for deciphering the sub-surface lithological disposition, water level scenario and other hydrogeological inputs such as weathered thickness etc., of shallow aquifer (Aquifer-I). The details of dugwells inventoried for micro level data acquisition are given in Annexure-III. The locations of micro level hydrogeological data acquisition wells are shown in Fig. 2.2.

Fig.2.1: Locations of Exploratory wells and Monitoring wells

2.2.5 Soil Infiltration Tests To estimate the actual rate of infiltration of various soil cover and their impact on recharge to ground water, two infiltration tests have been conducted at Mayni and Khatav on different soil types (Fig. 2.2). The data has been analyzed and the salient features of the infiltration tests are presented in Table 2.2, whereas the data is presented in Annexure-IV and the plots of soil infiltration tests are presented in Fig. 2.4. The duration of the test was

19

168 minutes, the depth of water infiltrated varied from 0.1 cm to 1.0 cm and the final infiltration rate in the area was 2.4 cm/hr at Mayni for the Clayey sand (Brownish black cotton soil) typeThe duration of the test was 168 minutes, the depth of water infiltrated varied from 0.2 cm to 0.65 cm and the final infiltration rate in the area was 1.5 cm/hr at Khatav for the Brownish black cotton soil with silt and loam type. Table 2.2: Salient Features of Infiltration Tests S. Village Date Soil Type Duration Water Final Final No. (min) Level Infiltrated Infiltration (cm agl) Water Rate Depth (cm/hr) (cm) 1. Mayni 21/03/2017 Clayey sand 168 15.00 1.1 2.4 cm/hr (Brownish black cotton soil) 2. Khatav 20/03/2017 Brownish black 163 11.00 4 1.5 cm/hr cotton soil with silt and loam

Fig.2.3: Soil Infiltration Plots

20

Fig 2.4 Soil Infiltration Plots

Fig.2.2: Locations of Soil Infiltration Tests and Micro level hydrological monitoring wells

21

2.2.6 Thematic Layers The following five thematic layers were also generated on GIS platform which supported the primary database and provided precise information to assess the present ground water scenario and also to propose the future management plan. Drainage Geomorphology Soil Land Use – Land Cover Geology and Structure The thematic layers such as drainage, geomorphology, soil, land use-land cover have been described in Chapter – I. The geology of the area is presented in Fig. 2.5 and basaltic flow in Fig 2.6. The area exposes a thick succession of basaltic lava flows of cretaceous to Eocene age of ‘aa’ type and pahoehoe or are mixed in nature. The lava pile is classified as Diveghat Formation (oldest), Purandhargarh Formation and (youngest) formation of Sahyadri Group The area is occupied by 9 basaltic flows with a total lava pile thickness of more than 300 m. The flows have been intruded by basic and intermediate dykes at some places.

Fig.2.5: Geology

22

Fig 2.6 Basaltic flow

23

3 DATA INTERPRETATION, INTEGRATION AND AQUIFER MAPPING

The data collected and generated on various parameters viz., water levels, water quality, exploration, aquifer parameters, geophysical, hydrology, hydrometeorology, irrigation, thematic layers was interpreted and integrated. Based on this the various aquifer characteristic maps on hydrogeology, aquifer wise water level scenario both current and long term scenarios, aquifer wise ground water quality, 2-D and 3-D sub surface disposition of aquifers by drawing fence and lithological sections, aquifer wise yield potential, aquifer wise resources, aquifer maps were generated and as discussed in details.

3.1 Hydrogeology

Hydrogeology is concerned primarily with mode of occurrence, distribution, movement and chemistry of water occurring in the subsurface in relation to the geological environment. The occurrence and movement of water in the subsurface is broadly governed by geological frameworks i.e., nature of rock formations including their porosity (primary and secondary) and permeability. The principal aquifer in the area is Basalt, where the occurrence and movement of ground water primarily depends on the degree of interconnection of secondary pores/voids developed by fracturing and weathering. The hydrogeological map of area is prepared and presented in Fig.3.1. The basaltic lava flows are massive and fine grained with negligible primary porosity and transmissivity. The area has witnessed many tectonic disturbances, which have caused development of joints and fractures in the basaltic strata. Also, weathered zones of about 5 to 24 m thickness have developed in vesicular and massive units in plains and valleys. The weathered, jointed and fractured zones constitute the main water bearing horizons. However, these zones are not continuous and uniformly developed laterally or vertically and this factor plays an important role in the success and failure of wells in the area. Ground water occurs in unconfined state in shallow aquifer tapped by dugwells of 5 to 24 m depth, water levels are ranging from 2.95 – 24 m bgl during pre-monsoon period and yield varies from less than 5 to 200 m3/day. The deeper aquifer is also present and it ranges from 20 to 152 m bgl, whereas the water level varies from 12 mbgl (Dhakatwadi) to 95 mbgl (Vadgaon). Yields of borewells range from 0.14 lps to 15 lps. High yielding wells were constructed at Phadtarwadi (15 lps), Aundh (3.17 lps) and Vaduj (3.17 lps). Ground water development is mostly through dugwells rather than borewells.

3.1.1 Water Level Scenario – Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) The present depth to water level scenario of shallow aquifer was generated by utilizing water level data of 44 monitoring wells representing shallow aquifer. The pre- monsoon and postmonsoon water level data is presented as Annexure-V, whereas depth to water level map is given in Fig.3.2 and Fig. 3.3.

24

The premonsoon depth to water levels during May 2016 ranged between 2.95 (Nidhal) and 18.9 m bgl (Khatav). The shallow water levels within 5 m bgl are observed mainly along the major drainages, whereas water levels between 5 and 10 m bgl are observed in major part. The deeper water levels of more than 10 m bgl are observed in along drainage divides. The postmonsoon depth to water levels during Nov. 2016 ranged between 0.5 (Nidhal). 0.9 (Datewadi) and 19 m bgl (Khatav). The shallow water levels within 3 m bgl are observed mainly along the major drainages, whereas water levels between 3 and 5 m bgl are observed in major part. The deeper water levels of more than 5 m bgl are observed in along drainage divides. The water level measured during pre and post monsoon period (2016) was used to compute the seasonal fluctuation. The analysis of water level fluctuation data indicated that, as compared to pre-monsoon period, fall in ground water level was recorded during post-monsoon period in wells located at Nimsod, Wakeshwar, Jakhangaon and Khatav, indicating low rainfall and/or ground water utilisation exceeding the rainfall regharge during the monsoon season. Minimum rise in ground water level water level was observed at Pusegaon (0.8m) while maximum water level fluctuation (rise) was observed at Vikhle (12.50 m). The water level fluctuations were grouped under four categories i.e., fall, less, moderate and high and the % of wells in each category was analysed (Table-3.1). Table-3.1: Analysis of Water Level Fluctuation S. No. Category Fluctuation Range % of Wells 1. Fall in water level < 0 m 10% 2. Less water level fluctuation 0 to 4 m 21% 3. Moderate water level fluctuation 4 to 8 m 57% 4. High water level fluctuation 8 to >10 m 12%

The analysis indicates that majority of the wells (57%) fall in fluctuation range of 4 to 8 m, indicating moderate aquifer storage, whereas low water level fluctuation, indicating poor rainfall (or good aquifer storage) is observed in 21% wells and high water level fluctuation indicating poor aquifer storage were observed in 12 % wells. The seasonal fluctuation map is presented as Fig. 3.4, the perusal of map indicates that fluctuation of upto 4 m is observed in central and southern parts of the area, whereas higher fluctuation of more than 4 m is observed in other parts, mainly hilly areas and low potential areas occurring in the north, western and eastern parts of the Khatav Taluka. The water table elevation map for premonsoon period (May 2016) was also prepared (Fig.3.5) to understand the ground water flow directions. The water table elevation ranges from 600 m amsl to 760 m amsl and the flow is mainly towards Yerala river flowing through the central part of the Khatav Taluka in NNW to SSE direction and towards Nani Nadi in western part of the Taluka.

25

Fig. 3.1: Hydrogeology

26

Fig 3.2 :Premonsoon depth to water level (May 2016)

27

Fig 3.3: Postmonsoon depth to water level (Nov 2016)

28

Fig 3.4 : Water level fluctuation (May 2016 Vs Nov 2016)

29

Fig 3.5: Water table elevation map(May 2016)

30

3.1.2 Long Water Level Trend (2007-16) In order to study long term behavior of the water levels and also the effect of various developmental activities with time, the data for the period 2007-16 have been computed and analyzed. The decadal pre-monsoon water level trend analysis (Fig 3.6) indicates that during pre-monsoon period, only a small area in central part near southern boundary of the Taluka is showing rising trend of negligible range(< 0.2m/year), whereas declining trend of upto 1.36 cm/year is observed in majority of the area (more than 0.2 m/year, 1142 Sqkm, about 84% of the total area). The decadal postmonsoon water level trend analysis (Fig 3.7) also indicates similar situation with major area showing fall in water levels( more than 0.2 m/year, 812 Sqkm, about 60% of the total area) that during post-monsoon period, whereas rising trend is observed in a small patch around Nani Nadi.

Fig 3.6 : Premonsoon ground water level trend (May 2007 –May 2016)

31

Fig 3.7 : Postmonsoon ground water level trend (Nov 2007 –Nov 2016)

32

3.1.3 Water Level Scenario – Aquifer-II (Deeper Aquifer) The depth to water level scenario of deeper aquifer was generated by utilizing water level data of 23 exploratory/observation wells representing deeper aquifer. The pre- monsoon and postmonsoon water level data is presented as Annexure-VI, whereas depths to water level maps are given in Fig.3.8 and Fig.3.9. The pre-monsoon depth to water levels ranged between 12.00 (Dhakatwadi) and 95 m bgl (Vadgaon). The shallow water levels within 20 m bgl are observed mainly in north- western and southern parts, whereas in major part of the area the water levels ranging between 20 and 30 m bgl and water level deeper than 40 m.bgl is recorded in isolated patches around and Pingli Bk in central and eastern part.

Fig 3.8 : Aquifer II, Premonsoon depth to water level (May 2016)

The post-monsoon depth to water levels ranged between 2.02 (Dhaktwadi) and 31.00 m bgl (Rajpur). The spatial distribution of water levels shows that the areas with deeper water levels during premonsoon have migrated to shallow water levels within 10 m bgl in major parts of the area, thereby indicating adequate ground water recharge even in deeper aquifer due to monsoon rainfall. The areas of deeper water level (>20 m bgl) are occurring in

33 the same regions, but their spatial extent / area coverage has reduced due to the monsoon rainfall recharge.

Fig 3.9 : Aquifer II, Postmonsoon Depth to water level (Nov 2016)

34

3.2 Ground Water Quality

The suitability of ground water for drinking/irrigation/industrial purposes is determined keeping in view the effects of various chemical constituents present in water on the growth of human being, animals, various plants and also on industrial requirement. Though many ions are very essential for the growth of plants and human body but when present in excess, have an adverse effect on health and growth. For assessment of ground water quality, samples from 32 KOW’s (shallow dug wells representing phreatic aquifer) have been collected during pre-monsoon. Similarly for Aquifer – II, the ground water quality data of 13 exploratory/observation wells drilled during earlier exploration and current exploratory drilling activities were utilised. The ground water samples were analysed for major chemical constituents. The aquifer wise ranges of different chemical constituents present in ground water are given in Table 3.2.The details of water quality analysis of Aquifer I and II are given in Annexure VII and VIII. Table 3.2: Aquifer wise ranges of chemical constituents Constituents BIS Aquifer – I (Shallow aquifer) Aquifer-II (Deeper Aquifer) standards Min Max No. of Min Max No. of for drinking samples samples water above MPL above MPL pH 6.5-8.5 7.4 8.7 1 7.6 8.7 1 EC - 387 6800 1 387 1336 - TDS 500-2000 248 4352 1 248 855 Nil TH 300-600 90 560 Nil 65 522 Nil Calcium 75-200 25.6 189 Nil 22 179.2 Nil Magnesium 30-100 0.972 54 Nil 1 25 Nil Potassium - 0.03 318 - 0 7.4 Nil Sodium - 19 584 - 19 129 Nil Carbonate - Nil 53 - Nil 11 Nil Bi-carbonate - 73 573.4 - 61 573 Nil Chloride 250-1000 24 486 Nil 24 262 Nil Sulphate 200-400 5 990 Nil 3 80 Nil Nitrate 45 0.886 84.17 2 1 84 3 Fluoride 1-1.5 0.1 1.3 Nil BDL 1.3 Nil Note- All values except EC (µS/cm @ 25°C) and pH are in mg/L.

The water quality (iso-conductivity, nitrate and fluoride) maps of Aquifer I and II have been prepared and presented in Fig 3.10 and Fig 3.11 respectively. On perusal of Fig 3.10, it is observed that Ground water in area with high elevation is having Electric Conductivity (EC) upto 750 µS/cm, whereas area around Yerala river has EC between 750 and 1500 µS/cm and only a small area around Katar Khatav is having high EC > 1200 µS/cm. EC of water sample from Katar Khatav was measured as 6800 µS/cm with TDS of 4352 mg/l and Total Hardness of 560 mg/l. EC higher than 1000 µS/cm was also recorded in water samples from Vankeswar (1336 µS/cm), S.Kuroli (1336 µS/cm), Aundh (1309 µS/cm), Diskal

35

(1014 µS/cm) and Rajapur (1024 µS/cm). High pH of 8.7 was measured only in ground water sample from Vardhangad. High pH of 8.7 was measured only in ground water sample from Vardhangad. Nitrate higher than BIS norms for drinking water was measured in ground water sample from Budh (84.17 mg/l) and Lalgun (57.59 mg/l).

Fig 3.10 :Aquifer I, Ground water quality

36

In case of Aquifer-II, it is observed that ground water is potable. The iso-conductivity map of Aquifer has been prepared and presented as Fig. 3.11, major area is having EC upto 750 µS/cm, whereas small area in north-western and in Nani Nadi watershed part is having EC between 750 and 1200 µS/cm. High pH of 8.7 was measured only in ground water sample from Katgun. Nitrate higher than BIS norms for drinking water was measured in ground water sample from Tathawade (84 mg/l) and Arphal & Lodhavade (58 mg/l).

Fig 3.11 : Aquifer II, Ground water quaality

37

3.3 3-D and 2-D Aquifer Disposition

The data generated from ground water monitoring wells, micro level hydrogeological inventories, exploratory and observation wells, various thematic layers was utilized to decipher the aquifer disposition of the area. This particularly includes the information on geometry of aquifers and hydrogeological information of these aquifers. In the area, Deccan Trap Basalt is the only formation and within it two aquifer systems has been deciphered as listed below: Deccan Trap Basalt – a. Aquifer – I (Shallow Aquifer): 5 to 24 m b. Aquifer – II (Deeper Aquifer): 20 to 152 m The fence diagram indicating the disposition of various aquifers is presented in Fig.3.13 and 3-D representation is presented in Fig. 3.12 and Fig 3.14. The disposition of Aquifer-I and Aquifer-II followed by massive basalt can be observed in the Fence.

Fig.3.12: 3-D disposition of Aquifers

38

Fig 3.13 : Fence diagram

39

Fig.3.14: 3-D disposition of Aquifers(Litholog)

The 2-D map, showing spatial disposition and vertical extent of Aquifer-I and indicating its depth of occurrence and fractured rock thickness has been generated and shown in Fig 3.15, whereas that of Aquifer-II is presented in Fig. 3.16. The perusal of 40

Aquifer-I map indicates in major part the shallow aquifer is observed upto 20 m and thickness of the aquifer is upto 10 m. In south-central part maximum depth (24 m) and thickness (upto 14 m) of Aquifer-I is observed, which implies that this part is having good ground water potential. Two patches of higher thickness of aquifer, occurring at depth of around 10 to 15 m. occur around Wakeshwar and Gopuj indicate good ground water potential in these areas.

Fig 3.15: Aquifer I, Depth of occurrence and weatherd/fractured rock thickness

The perusal of Aquifer-II map indicates in major part the deeper aquifer is observed down to 140 m depth and thickness of upto 9 m. In southern part of the Taluka has the maximum thickness of weathered/ fractured basalt constituting the Aquifer II, ranging in thickness from 9 to 12 m, occurring at a depth ranging from 100 to 140 m.bgl. The maximum depth of Aquifer -II is observed in the south-central part of the Taluka, upto 140 to 152 m,

41 with the thickness of fractured rock limited to 3 to 6 m. Thus the water bearing zones in Aquifer-II are limited in the area. Ground water potential in the Taluka is highest around Yerala river and Nani Nadi with cumulative yield potential ranging from 3 to 7.5 lps.

Fig 3.16: Aquifer II Depth of occurrence and fractured rocks thickness

42

Fig. 3.17: Aquifer map

43

3.3.1 Hydrogeological Cross Sections To study the aquifer disposition in detail, various hydrogeological cross section indicating aquifer geometry has been prepared viz. A-A’ representing south-southwest (SSW) – north-northeast (NNE) direction, B-B’ representing north – south direction, C-C’ representing west-southwest (WSW) – east-northeast (ENE) direction and D-D’ representing west-northwest (WNW) – east-southeast (ESE) direction.

3.3.1.1 Hydrogeological Cross Section A-A’ Hydrogeological cross section A-A’ (Fig.3.18) representing south-southwest (SSW) – north-northeast (NNE) direction and data of 3 exploratory wells i.e., Kherade Wangi, Vaduj and Pingli Bk has been utilised. It can be clearly seen from the section that as we move from Kherade Wangi to Vaduj, the thickness of Aquifer-I (shallow aquifer) decreases from Kherade Wangi to Vaduj and increases towards Pingli Bk. On the contrary, the thickness of Aquifer-II (Deeper aquifer) increases at Vaduj and then decreases towards Pingli Bk. The maximum depth of Aquifer-II is ranging from 80 m bgl at Pingli Bk to 132 m bgl at Vaduj. Three number of fracture zones were encountered at Pingli Bk at 42.0-43.0,62.3-63.3 and around 78-80 m.bgl depth which yielded a high discharge of 10 lps. The water levels of Aquifer-I and Aquifer-II has also been depicted in the section. The water levels of Aquifer-II are deeper than those of Aquifer-I.

Fig.3.18: Hydrogeological Cross Section A-A’

3.3.1.2 Hydrogeological Cross Section B-B’ Hydrogeological cross section B-B’ (Fig.3.19) representing north – south direction and data of 3 exploratory wells i.e., Pusesavli, Katgun and Tathawade has been utilised. In this section the as we move from north to south direction, i.e., from Pusesavli to Tathawade, the thickness of Aquifer-I (shallow aquifer) is increasing. On the contrary, the thickness of Aquifer-II (Deeper aquifer) is decreasing. The maximum depth of Aquifer-II is ranging from 90 m bgl at Tathawade to 125 m bgl at Pusesavli. The discharge of these three sites is less

44 than 1 lps. The water levels of Aquifer-I and Aquifer-II has also been depicted in the section. The water levels of Aquifer-II are deeper than those of Aquifer-I.

Fig.3.19: Hydrogeological Cross Section B-B’

3.3.1.3 Hydrogeological Cross Section C-C’ Hydrogeological cross section C-C’ (Fig.3.20) representing west-southwest (WSW) – east-northeast (ENE) direction and data of 3 exploratory wells i.e., Deshmukh Nagar, Vaduj and Lodhavade has been utilised. It can be clearly seen from the section that as we move from Deshmukh Nagar to Lodhavade, the thickness of Aquifer-I (shallow aquifer) decreases from Deshmukh Nagar to Vaduj and increases towards Lodhavade. On the contrary, the thickness of Aquifer-II (Deeper aquifer) increases at Vaduj and then decreases towards Lodhavade. The maximum depth of Aquifer-II is ranging from 110 m bgl at Lodhavade to 132 m bgl at Vaduj. Lodhavade and Vaduz yielded a moderate discharge of about 3 lps, while at Deshmukh Nagar, the discharge recorded was less than 1 lps. The water levels of Aquifer-I and Aquifer-II has also been depicted in the section and the water levels of Aquifer-II are deeper than those of Aquifer-I.

Fig.3.20: Hydrogeological Cross Section C-C’

45

3.3.1.4 Hydrogeological Cross Section D-D’ Hydrogeological cross section D-D’ (Fig.3.21 representing west-northwest (WNW) – east-southeast (ESE) directionand data of 4 exploratory wells i.e., Chimangaon, Katgun, Pingli Bk and Lodhavade has been utilised. It can be clearly seen from the section that as we move from Chimangaon to Lodhavade, the thickness of Aquifer-I (shallow aquifer) is increasing. On the contrary, the thickness of Aquifer-II (Deeper aquifer) is almost even Chimangaon to Katgun, then decreases at Pingli Bk and again increases towards Lodhavade. The maximum depth of Aquifer-II is ranging from 110 m bgl at Lodhavade to 80 m bgl at Pingli Bk, Potential fracture zones were encountered at Pingli Bk which yielded a high discharge of 10 lps and at Chimangaon with discharge recorded as 6.81 lps. A moderate discharge of 3 lps was recorded at Lodhavade, while at Katgun, a poor discharge of only 0.38 was recorded. The water levels of Aquifer-I and Aquifer-II has also been depicted in the section. The water levels of Aquifer-II are deeper than those of Aquifer-I.

Fig.3.21: Hydrogeological Cross Section D - D’

3.4 Aquifer Characteristics

Basalt forms the main aquifer of the area and comprises two distinct units viz, upper vesicular unit and lower massive unit. The massive basalt is hard, compact and does not have primary porosity and hence impermeable. Weathering, jointing and fracturing induces secondary porosity in massive unit of basalt. In vesicular basalt, when vesicles are interconnected constitutes good primary porosity and when the vesicles are filled/ partly 46

filled the porosity is limited. Ground water occurs under phreatic/ unconfined to semi- confined conditions in basalts. Based on extensive analysis of historical data, micro level hydrogeological survey data generated and ground water exploration carried out in the Khatav Taluka, the following two types of aquifers can be demarcated and the details are given below in Table-3.3.

Table-3.3: Aquifer Characteristics Type of Formation Depth SWL Fractures / Fractured / Yield Sustai- Aquifer Suitability Aquifer range (mbgl) weathered weathered nability parameters for (mbgl) Zones rocks (Transmi Sy / drinking/ encountered Thickness ssivity – S irrigation 2 (m bgl) (m) m /day) Aquifer-I Deccan Trap- 5 - 24 2.95 – Upto 24 4 to 14 10 to 1 to 2 9.25- 0.019- Yes , 3 Weathered/ 24 200m /d Hours 89.04 0.028 suitable Fractured ay for both Basalt Aquifer-II Jointed/ 20-152 12-95 Upto 152 0.5 to 12 Upto 5 0.5 to 3 10.85- 3.34 x Yes, -4 Fractured lps hours 131.11 10 - suitable Basalt 5.9 x for both, -4 except 10 High EC

Aquifer I - Unconfined aquifer in Deccan trap basalt is exposed in entire area of Khatav Taluka. This aquifer generally occurs down to the depth of 5 to 24 m bgl and within this, the weathered and fractured rock thickness ranges from 4 to 14 m, whereas the water levels are ranging from 2.95 to 24 m bgl. The dug wells tapping this aquifer can sustain pumping for 1 to 2 hrs. Aquifer-II – Semi –confined to confined aquifer occurs in the depth range of 20 to 152 m bgl, however the actual water bearing zones i.e., fractured rock thickness is limited to 0.50 to 12 m, whereas the water levels are ranging from 2 to 95 m bgl. The borewells tapping this aquifer can sustain pumping for upto 3 hours. The map showing yield potential of Aquifer-I and Aquifer-II is presented in Fig 3.22, and Fig.3.23 respectively. Perusal of Fig. 3.22 indicates that in major parts the yield potential of Aquifer-I is within 25 m3/day. The areas near the streams are having good/higher yield potential ranging from 50 to more than 100 m3/day. Small areas in north central part show higher yield potential. The areas with yield potential higher than 50 m3/day are feasible for dug well construction. The perusal of Fig. 3.23 indicates that in major parts the yield potential of Aquifer-II is low within 2 lps. The north central part exhibit good ground water potential of 3 to 5 lps. The areas near the streams are having good/higher yield potential. The perusal of Fig. 3.24 indicates that the mojor parts of the taluka having cumulative yield potential of Aquifer-I and Aquifer-II is within 3 lps. The north central part exhibits good cumulative ground water potential of 5 to7. 5 lps. The areas near the streams are having good/higher yield potential.

47

Along with yield potential, the aquifer parameters viz., transmissivity and specific yield / storativity also form an important aquifer characteristic and provide valuable input on sustainability of the aquifers. The transmissivity of Aquifer-I ranges from 9.25 to 89.04 2 m /day thus indicating vide variation, whereas the specific yield ranges from 0.019-0.028 i.e., 1.9% to 2.8% which is within the norms of 2% to 3% for basaltic aquifers indicating that the yields of the wells in the area are better than the borewells. The transmissivity of 2 Aquifer-II ranges from 10.85-131.11 m /day, whereas storativity of the aquifer ranges from 3.34 x 10-4 to 5.9 x 10-4.

Fig 3.22: Yield potential aquifer I

48

Fig 3.23: Yield potential of Aquifer II

49

Fig 3.24: Cumulative yield potential

50

4 GROUND WATER RESOURCES The ground water resources have been assessed for two types of aquifer existing in the area i.e., Aquifer-I and Aquifer-II. The details of the assessment are discussed below.

4.1 Ground Water Resources – Aquifer-I The ground water resource assessment has been carried out by considering the Khatav Taluka as a single unit and the salient features of the resources are given in Table 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 and the map depicting the distribution of ground water resources and categorisation of the taluka is presented in Fig 4.1. As per Table-4.1, out of the total 135790 ha area, recharge worthy areas are 2064 ha in command areas and 124841 ha in non-command areas, whereas 8885 ha area is not worthy for recharge on account of its hilly nature.

Table-4.1: Ground Water Recharge Worthy Areas for Resource Estimation Unit Predominant Total Hilly Area Ground Water Recharge Worthy Area Formation Geographical (ha) Command area Non-command area Area (ha) (ha) (ha) Khatav Basalt 135800 8885 2065 124850 Taluka

4.1.1 Recharge Component During the monsoon season, the rainfall recharge is the main recharge parameter, which is estimated as the sum total of the change in storage and gross draft. The change in storage is computed by multiplying groundwater level fluctuation between pre and post monsoon periods with the area of assessment and specific yield. Monsoon recharge can be expressed as:- R= h × Sy × A + DG where, h = rise in water level in the monsoon season, Sy = specific yield A = area for computation of recharge, DG = gross ground water draft The monsoon ground water recharge has two components- rainfall recharge and recharge from other sources. The other sources of groundwater recharge during monsoon season include seepage from canals, surface water irrigation, tanks and ponds, ground water irrigation, and water conservation structures. During the non-monsoon season, rainfall recharge is computed by using Rainfall Infiltration Factor (RIF) method. Recharge from other sources is then added to get total non- monsoon recharge. 51

The season wise assessment of recharge from various components such as rainfall and other sources was done and presented in Table-4.2 and Fig.4.1. The recharge from rainfall contributes maximum component (8311.08 ham) during monsoon season and recharge from other sources is 1155.78 ham, whereas during non-monsoon season, recharge from rainfall is 1815.09 and the recharge from other sources is 2781.97 ham. The total annual ground water recharge is 14063.91 ham and net ground water availability after natural discharge is estimated as 13360.72 ham.

Table-4.2: Recharge Components evaluated for Resource Estimation Command / Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Provision Net Annual Non- from rainfall from other from rainfall from other Annual for Natural Ground Command / during sources during non- sources Ground Discharges Water Total monsoon during monsoon during non- Water (ham) Availability season monsoon season monsoon Recharge (ham) (ham) season (ham) season (ham) (ham) (ham) Command 118.16 95.14 26.05 289.75 529.11 26.46 502.65 Non Command 8192.92 1060.64 1789.03 2492.22 13534.81 676.74 12858.07 Total 8311.08 1155.78 1815.09 2781.97 14063.91 703.20 13360.72

The utilisation of available ground water resources for various purposes is provided in Table-4.3 and Fig.4.2. The annual gross draft for all uses is estimated 11914.10 ham with irrigation sector being the major consumer having a draft of 11325.44 ham. The Existing Gross Ground Water Draft for domestic and industrial water supply was estimated as 588.66 ham. The allocation for domestic & industrial requirement supply up to 2025 is about 1125.68 ham and ground water available for future irrigation is 909.60 ham. The stage of ground water development is 89.17% and is categorised as “Semi-Critical”.

Table- 4.3: Ground Water Resources Availability, Draft and Stage of GW Development Command / Net Annual Existing Existing Gross Existing Provision for Net Ground Stage of Category Non- Ground Gross Ground Water Gross domestic and Water Ground Command / Water Ground Draft for Ground industrial Availability Water Total Availability Water domestic and Water Draft requirement for future Develop (ham) Draft for industrial for All uses supply to irrigation ment (%) irrigation water supply (ham) 2025 development (ham) (ham) (ham) (ham) Command 502.65 627.74 87.68 715.42 - - - - Non - Command 12858.07 10697.70 500.98 11198.68 - - - Total Semi 13360.72 11325.44 588.66 11914.10 1125.68 909.60 89.17 Critical

52

Fig.4.1: Ground Water Resources

4.2 Ground Water Resources – Aquifer-II

The ground water resource of the Aquifer–II was also assessed to have the correct quantification of resources so that proper management strategy can be framed. To assess these resources, the area was divided into various different polygons based on the fractured zones / thickness of aquifer –I occurring below water level in that particular polygon, then the storativity value for the nearest exploratory well was taken into consideration. By applying the formula of deeper ground water resource estimation as given by CHQ during the static ground water resources was utilised i.e., GWR = Area x Thickness of aquifer x Storativity

53

By applying above formula, the ground water resource of Aquifer-II was estimated as 22.38 MCM and is presented below in Table- 4.4. Table- 4.4: Ground Water Resources of Aquifer-II Lower Upper Mean Area Sy Storativity Piezometric Resource Resource in Total Fractured (Sq km) head above confoning resource Rock (mamsl) confining layer (mcm) Thickness layer (mcm) (m) (mcm) 0 1 0.5 56.12 0.0050 0.000059 54 0.1788 0.1403 0.3192 1 3 2 300.40 0.0025 0.000059 25 0.4431 1.5020 1.9451 1 3 2 67.13 0.0050 0.000334 43 0.9642 0.6714 1.6356 3 6 4.5 121.60 0.0050 0.000059 30 0.2153 2.7368 2.9521 3 6 4.5 472.00 0.0025 0.000059 25 0.6962 5.3104 6.0066 6 9 7.5 198.30 0.0025 0.000059 54 0.6319 3.7188 4.3507 9 12 10.5 142.45 0.0025 0.000334 30 1.4273 3.7393 5.1667 1358.00 4.5569 17.8190 22.3759

Fig 4.2 :Aquifer II, Fractured rocks thickness 54

5 GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES Khatav Taluka is part of famous ‘Sugarcane and Horticulture belt’ of Maharashtra. On one hand, ground water development has been drastically raised, while, on the other side, the area receives very low rainfall. Construction of water conservation structures has been done by various government agencies & NGOs and micro irrigation practices are adopted by the farmers. Hence, although the stage of ground water development is high i.e., 89.17 %, the taluka is categorized as semi-critical, because of rise in water levels in certain areas. Though the farmers of the area have adapted large scale micro irrigation techniques, limited ground water availability has stunted the increase in irrigation potential. The major issues affecting the areas are discussed below. 5.1 Over Exploitation of Ground Water As such, Khatav taluka , Satara Districtis having major issue that is high ground water development. At present the overall stage of ground water development is around 89.17%. The stage of ground water development has increased over the period of time from 2008 to 2013 from 81.92% to 89.17% (fig 5.1). The main reason for ground water excessive draft is for irrigation purpose. The draft has increased from 11820 MCM in 2008 to 11914 MCM in 2013 MCM (Fig 5.2). Also, the gap between the availability of ground water and draft is reducing over the period from 2008 to 2013. This provides very limited scope for ground water development particularly in irrigation sector.

Fig 5.1 Stage of ground water development

55

Fig 5.2 : Ground water recharge and draft 5.2 Declining Water Levels The ground water exploitation has resulted in declining of water levels over the period of time. At present, the pre monsoon declining water level trend of more than 0.2m/year has been observed in about 1142 Sq km (84% of the total area) and the post monsoon declining water level trend of more than 0.2m/year has been observed in about 812 Sq km (60% of the total area) (Fig 5.3 & Fig 5.4).

Fig.5.3: Premonsoon Fall @.0.2/year 1142 Sqkm Fig 5.4: [email protected]/year 812 Sqkm

56

5.3 Low Ground Water Potential / Limited Aquifer Thickness / Sustainability In Khatav taluka, Satara District, low ground water potential areas have been identified in 899 sq km (about 66 % of the total area of the taluka, Yield less than 25 m3/day) covering major parts of the taluka mostly due to restricted depth of weathering in Aquifer-I (Fig 5.5). Limited aquifer potential of Aquifer-II is seen in about 912 sq km having yield potential less than 1 lps (Fig. 5.6). Sustainability of both the aquifers is limited and the wells normally sustain pumping of 0.5 to 3 hours. Thickness of Aquifer-I and Aquifer-II are presented in fig 3.15 and fig 3.16 respectively.

Fig 5.5 : Yield potential of Aquifer I

57

Fig 5.6 : Yield potential of aquifer II

5.4 Low Rainfall and Droughts The short term rainfall analysis for the period 2006-2015 infdicates that average rainfall of Khatav taluka is 554.78, whereas the long term rainfall data for 19 years (1998-2016) for the taluka was also analysed and it indicates that normal rainfall is 579 mm . The current rainfall (2016) is 515.1 mm (11% deficient). From the decadal rainfall trend analysis from 2006 to 2016 it is observed that the taluka experiences low and declining rainfall with frequent droughts.

58

6 MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

A thorough study was carried out based on data gap analysis, data generated in- house, data acquired from State Govt. departments and maps procured from MRSAC and an integrated approach was adopted while preparing aquifer management plan of Khatav taluka of Satara district, categorised as Semi Critical taluka. Based on geomorphology, soil, land use, field data and lithological layers generated, following management plan is prepared. The detailed aquifer management plan for Khatav Taluka of Satara District is presented in Table 6.1.

6.1 Aquifer Management Plan for Khatav Taluka The geographical area of Khatav Taluka of Satara District is 1358 sq. km. As per ground water resources estimation 2013, the stage of ground water development is 89.17 % and categorised as Semi-critical. The annual ground water resource available is 133.61 MCM and the gross ground water draft for all uses is 119.14 MCM, including 113.25 MCM for irrigation and 5.89 MCM for domestic sector. The major issues identified in Khatav taluka of Satara district are high stage of ground water development, low rainfall, decline of water level, exploitation of ground water and limited aquifer potential. The agricultural demand from ground water and surface water is 113.25 mcm and 86.3 MCM respectively, whereas the domestic demand for ground water and surface water is 5.89 and 1.47 MCM respectively. The agricultural supply from ground water and surface water is 113.25 mcm and 86.3 MCM respectively, whereas the domestic supply for ground water and surface water is 5.89 and 1.47 MCM respectively. Hence, there is no Demand- Supply gap. To bring the stage of ground water development upto 70 % it is estimated that about 36.59 MCM of water is required. Supply side interventions proposed to tackle above said major issues through rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge. The volume of unsaturated zone available in Khatav taluka is worked out as 1657.00 MCM. The volume of water required for recharge the area is 44.08 MCM. The surface surplus non-committed runoff availability is 20.3 MCM. Therefore, the surface runoff of 20.3 MCM is considered for planning. For this, a total of 71 percolation tanks and 203 Check dams are required as recharge measures. The volume of water expected to be conserved/recharged @75% efficiency is 10.65 MCM through Percolation tanks and 4.57 MCM through Check dams. The cost estimate for 71 percolation tanks and 203 check dams are Rs. 106.5 and Rs. 60.9 crore respectively. The location of artificial recharge structures proposed are given in Annexure IX and shown in Fig 6.1. The rainwater harvesting in urban areas can be adopted in 25% of the household with 50 Sq. m roof area. A total of 0.34 MCM potential can be generated by taking 80% runoff coefficient. The estimated cost for rainwater harvesting through rooftop is calculated as Rs.22.55 crore. Hence, this technique is not economically viable and therefore it is not recommended.

59

Overall total volume of water expected to be recharged or conserved by artificial recharge is 15.22 MCM with a cost estimate of Rs. 167.4 crore, excluding roof top rain water harvesting which is not economically viable. Demand side interventions such as change in cropping pattern have not been proposed. About 70% of sugarcane crop area (i.e. about 24.74 sq km of total sugarcane crop area of 35.4 Sq km) is proposed to be covered under Drip Irrigation. Due to which about 14.10 MCM water is expected to be saved (water required for Surface Flooding Irrigation is 2.45 m., while Drip Irrigation is 1.87, equals a saving of 0.57 m). The expenditure of Rs. 36.68 Crore is expected, considering Rs. 60,000/- per acre, towards the implementation of micro-irrigation in sugarcane crop area of Khatav Taluka. About 50% of Onion crop area (i.e. about 7.405 sq km out of total Onion crop area of 14.81 Sq km) is proposed to be covered under Drip. Due to which about 1.93 MCM water is expected to be saved (water required for Surface Flooding 0.78 m., Drip 0.52 amounts to saving of 0.26 m). The expenditure of Rs. 4.57 Crore is expected considering Rs. 25,000/- per acre, towards the implementation of micro-irrigation in Onion crop area of Khatav Taluka. About 40% of double crop area (i.e. about 19.212 sq km of total double crop area of 48.03 Sq km) is proposed to be covered under Drip. Due to which about 7.6848 MCM water is expected to be saved (water required for Surface Flooding 0.9 m., Drip 0.5 amounts to saving 0.4 m). The expenditure of Rs. 11.868 Crore is expected considering Rs. 25,000/- per acre, towards the implementation of micro-irrigation in double crop area of Khatav Taluka. .

Thus, following benefits are expected after implementation of above said Aquifer Management Plan in Khatav Taluka.

1. Additional ground water resources available after implementing above measures is 38.93 MCM which would bring the stage of ground water development from 89.17 % to 70 % i.e. about 19.17 % reduction in the stage of ground water development with estimated expenditure of Rs. 220.52 crore. 2. About 360 ha additional area will be covered under assured irrigation 3. Apart from this, it is proposed to impose ground water regulatory measures like banning the bore well drilling down to 60 m bgl for irrigation purpose.

60

Fig 6.1: Artificial Recharge structure

61

Fig 6.2 Demand side intervention

62

Table 6.1: Aquifer management plan of Khatav Taluka Satara district

Block Khatav District Satara State Maharashtra Area 1358 Major Issues Identified Over - Exploitation Declining WL Limited Aquifer Potential Water Scarcity - lean period Stage of GW Development 89.17% Annual Available Resource (MCM) 133.61 Gross Annual Draft (MCM) 119.14 Domestic Rquirement (MCM) 5.89 DEMAND (MCM) Agricultural demand -GW 113.25 Agricultural demand -SW 86.30 Domestic demand - GW 5.89 Domestic demand - SW 1.47 Total Demand(mcm) 206.91 SUPPLY (MCM) Agricultural Supply -GW 113.25 Agricultural Supply -SW 86.30 Domestic Supply - GW 5.89 Domestic Supply - SW 1.47 Total supply(mcm) 206.91 DEMAND - SUPPLY GAP (MCM) 0.00 PRESENT DEMAND - SUPPLY GAP (MCM) 0.00 GAP TO BRING STAGE OF GWD UPTO 70% 36.59 TOTAL GAP TO BRING STAGE OF GWD UPTO 70% 36.59 Interventions proposed to deal with overexploitation SUPPLY SIDE INTERVENTIONS Rainwater Harvesting and Artificial Recharge Volume of unsaturated granular zone (MCM) 1657.00 Recharge Potential (MCM) 33.14 Surface water requirement @ 75% efficiency (MCM) 44.08 Availability of Surplus surface runoff (MCM) 20.30 Surplus runoff considered for planning (MCM) @ 70% 20.30 Proposed Structures Percolation Tank Check Dam (@ (@ Rs.150 lakh, Rs.30 lakh, Av. Av. Gross Gross Capacity- Capacity-100 10 TCM * 3 TCM*2 fillings = fillings = 30 200 TCM) TCM) Number of Strcutures 71 203

63

Block Khatav Volume of Water expected to be conserved / recharged @ 10.65 4.57 75% effeciency (MCM) Estimated Expenditure (Rs. in Cr.) 106.50 60.90

RTRWH - Urban Areas Households to be covered (25% with 50 m2 area) 15030

Total RWH potential (MCM) 0.42 Rainwater harvested / recharged @ 80% runoff co-efficient 0.34 Estimated Expenditure (Rs. in Cr.) @ Rs. 15000/- per HH 22.55, Economically not viable & Not Recommended Total volume of water expected to be 15.22 recharged/conserved by AR Total Estimated Expn. For AR 167.40 DEMAND SIDE INTERVENTIONS Proposed Cropping Pattern change None Area proposed to be covered (sq.km.) - Volume of Water expected to be conserved (MCM) -

Estimated Expenditure - Micro irrigation techniques Micro Irrigation Techniques in 70% sugarcane cropped area 24.74 of 35.4 sq.km

Volume of Water expected to be saved (MCM). Surface 14.1018 Flooding req- 2.45 m. Drip Req. - 1.88, WUE- 0.57 m Estimated Expenditure (Rs. in Cr.) @ Rs. 60,000/- per acre 15.283135

Micro Irrigation Techniques in 40% double cropped area of 19.212 48.03 sq.km Volume of Water expected to be saved (MCM). Surface 7.6848 Flooding req- 0.9 m. Drip Req. – 0.5, WUE- 0.4 m Estimated Expenditure (Rs. in Cr.) @ Rs25,000/- per acre 11.868213

50% of Onion crop area (14.81) proposed to be covered 7.405 under Drip (sq.km.) Volume of Water expected to be saved (MCM). Surface 1.93 Flooding req- 0.78 m. Drip Req. - 0.52, WUE- 0.26 m Estimated Expenditure (Rs. in Cr.) @ Rs. 25,000/- per acre 4.57 Alternate Sources

Alternative ground water sources Nil Location and other details of the sources Nil Volume of Water expected to be served from these sources Nil

64

Block Khatav Alternative surface water sources Nil GW resources saved / available after implementing above 38.93 measures of AR & WUE Additional GW resources available after implementing 2.34 above measures (MCM) and mitigating the GAP TO BRING STAGE OF GWD UPTO 70% OR Additional Area (sq.km.) proposed to be brought under 3.60 assured GW irrigation with av. CWR of 0.65 m OR Stage of GW Development 69.05%

65

1 SUM-UP

A thorough study was carried out based on data gap analysis, data generated in- house; data acquired from State Govt. departments and GIS maps prepared for various themes. All the available data was brought on GIS platform and an integrated approach was adopted for preparation of aquifer maps and aquifer management plans of Khatav Taluka, Satara district.

The study area is spanning over 1358 sq.km. Geologically, the area is occupied by Basalt and the stage of ground water development is 89.17 %. The area has witnessed ground water depletion and over exploitation over a period of time. In Aquifer-I, the deeper water levels of more than 10 m bgl are observed in the central part of the study area covering north to south elongated patch adjacent to the water divide of Yerala river and Nani nadi, while in Aquifer –II, in eastern and southern parts of the taluka. Declining water level trend > 0.20 m/yr (2007 to 2016). has been observed in about 1142 Sq.km. (84% area of the total area) during pre-monsoon. Declining water level trend of more than 0.2 m/year has been observed in 812 Sq.km. (60% area of the total area) in the post-monsoon. This has been due to cultivation of water intensive cash crop like sugarcane (35.4 sq.km), which is completely dependent on ground water irrigation.

Ground water management plan has been prepared with the objective that decline of water level may be arrested and bringing the current stage of ground water development down to 70%, so that the taluka comes under Safe category by adopting both, supply side and demand side interventions.

As a part of supply side interventions, a total of 71 Percolation Tanks and 203 Check Dam are proposed, which will augment ground water resources to the tune of 15.22 MCM (10.65 MCM by Percolation Tanks and 4.57 MCM by Check Dams). The total cost of implementing these interventions will be Rs. 167.4 crore.

As a part of demand side interventions, change in irrigation techniques from surface flooding to drip irrigation is also proposed. A total of 24.74 sq km of Sugarcane crop area is proposed to be covered under drip irrigation techniques instead of flood irrigation, which will save 14.10 MCM of water resources. The total cost of implementing these interventions will be Rs 36.679 crore. Double crop area of 19.2120 sq km and 7.405 Sq km area of Onion crop are also proposed to be covered under drip irrigation techniques instead of flood irrigation, which will save 9.61 MCM of water resources. The total cost of implementing these interventions will be Rs 16.44 crore

In Khatav taluka, a total of 15.22 MCM resources will be augmented after adopting artificial recharges and 23.71 MCM will be saved after implementing water user efficiency measures (drip irrigation). This will bring the stage of ground water development to 70 %. Also, an area of 360 hectares is proposed to be brought under assured ground water irrigation with average crop water requirement (CWR) of 0.65 m.

66

These interventions will result in arresting the decline of water levels. Further, these interventions also need to be supported by regulation of deeper aquifer and hence, it is recommended to regulate/ban deeper tubewells/borewells of more than 60 m depth in Khatav Taluka, so that the deeper ground water resources are protected for future generation and also serve as ground water sanctuary in times of distress/drought. Similarly IEC activities and capacity building activities needs to be aggressively propagated to establish the institutional framework for participatory groundwater management.

67

Annexure-I: Long Term Rainfall Analysis of Khatav (Vaduj) Taluka, Satara District, Maharastra

PERIOD = 1998 TO 2016 NO OF YEARS = 18 NORMAL RAINFALL = 579 mm STANDARD DEVIATION = 223 mm COEFF OF VARIATION = 39 % SLOPE = 0.101 mm/year INTERCEPT = 574 mm EQUATION OF TREND LINE: Y= 0.101 x + 574.0

YEAR ANNUAL DEP% CATEGORY 1998 839.9 +45 EXCESS 1999 461.1 -20 NORMAL 2000 406 -30 MODERATE 2001 518.6 -10 NORMAL 2002 398.1 -31 MODERATE 2003 192.9 -67 SEVERE 2004 951.5 +64 EXCESS 2005 684.2 +18 NORMAL 2006 639.6 +10 NORMAL 2007 593.4 +2 NORMAL 2008 419.7 -28 MODERATE 2009 1006.1 +74 EXCESS 2010 896.9 +55 EXCESS 2011 393.9 -32 MODERATE 2012 275.4 -52 SEVERE 2013 602 +4 NORMAL 2014 601.6 +4 NORMAL 2015 543.7 -6 NORMAL 2016 515.1 -11 NORMAL

CATEGORY NUMBER OF YEARS %OF TOTAL YEARS DEPARTURES POSITIVE 9 47 NEGATIVE 10 53 DROUGHTS MODERATE 4 21 SEVERE 2 11 ACUTE 0 0 NORMAL & EXCESS R/F NORMAL 9 47 EXCESS 4 21

Rainfall departure: EXCESS: > +25; NORMAL: +25 TO -25; MODERATE: -25 TO -50; SEVERE: -50 TO -75; ACUTE: < -74

68

Details of Ground Water Exploration Annexure-II Sl. Village Latitude Longitude Depth Depth of Aquifer zones Aquifer SWL (mbgl) Discharge DD(m) Date of No drilled casing (mbgl) encountered (mbgl) (lps) commencement of (mbgl) driling 1 Rajapur EW 17°47'38.4'' 74° 21' 5.4'' 200 14 16 mbgl (Seepage), MB- Fr., 82.8 less than - 23/06/2016 92 mbgl 0.14 lps 2 Dhakatwadi EW 17°36'24.8'' 74°23'34.4'' 126.5 9.5 62.50 - 65.50, MB- Fr. and W. , 2 2.16 lps 33.24 m 20/08/2016 89.90 -93.00, II- MB- Fr., , III- 108.20 - 111.30 VB- Fr. and W. 3 Dhakatwadi 17°36'25.1'' 74°23'34.4'' 200 11.5 30 mbgl (Seepage), W. basalt 4.5 0.14 lps 31/08/2016 OW 66- 68 4 Aundh EW 17°32'28.6'' 74°19'50.7'' 131 9.5 44.20-47.20, 90-93, 2.72 3.17 lps 30.25 m 30/11/2016 116-117.40 5 Aundh OW 17°32'28.4'' 74°19'50'' 200 19.5 41.1-44.2, 99.1- VB- W. and Fr. 5.7 0.14 lps _ 30/01/2017 102.1, 172.3-175.3 6 Dambewadi EW 17°36'8.5'' 74°33'17.2'' 200 29.5 157-160, MB- Fr., 61.5 less than _ 15/02/2017 0.14 lps 7 Vadgaon EW 17°27'15.2'' 74°20'36.3'' 200 29.5 44.20-47.20 I- MB-Fr., II- VB 95 meager _ 28/02/2017 (seepage), 190.60- 196.70

8 Chitale EW 17025’15” 74029’50” 301 13.00, 152.00 Fr. Basalt 8.28 0.14 17.26 1989 9 Pusesawli EW 17027’45” 74019’15” 203.53 6.00, 67.33 Basalt 4.35 0.83 28 1989 10 Phadtarwadi 17044’30” 74019’15” 97.9 16.50, 32.30, 57.20 Jt. Basalt 15 1989 EW 11 Phadtarwadi 17044’30” 74019’15” 67.4 17.50, 33.80, 58.20 W. Basalt 0.14 1989 OW 12 Vaduj EW 17035’00” 74027’30” 201.05 Basalt 4.8 2.16 1989 13 Vaduj OW 17035’00” 74027’30” 171 Basalt 4.09 3.17 1989 14 Nidhal EW 74°25'0.12" 17°43'0.12" 97.8 Basalt 23.8 10.98 30.55

15 Nidhal OW 74°25'0.12" 17°43'0.12" 79.6 Basalt 23 5.94 36.28

69

Sl. Village Latitude Longitude Depth Depth of Aquifer zones Aquifer SWL (mbgl) Discharge DD(m) Date of No drilled casing (mbgl) encountered (mbgl) (lps) commencement of (mbgl) driling 16 Katgun EW 74°20'22.92" 17°41'57.84" 200 19.6-20.6,96.0- Basalt 32 0.38 97.0 17 Arphal EW 74°34'0.12" 17°27'45" 196 Basalt 21 1.73 45.75

18 Kherade 200 Basalt 21 0.78 Wangi EW (Kadegaon Taluka, Sangli 74°25'18.84" 17°22'45.84" dist) 19 Chimangaon 140 14.0-16.0,92.0- Basalt 18 6.81 EW 93.0 (Koregaon 74°14'8.88" 17°43'45.84" Taluka) 20 Lodhavade 200 Basalt 27 3 >50.00 EW (Man 74°34'46.92" 17°38'31.92" Taluka) 21 Pingli Bk EW 74°30'0" 17°40'5.16" 200 42.0-43.0,62.3- Basalt 31 10 (Man Taluka) 63.3 22 Tathawade 180 27.50-28.50, Basalt 27 0.14 >50 EW (Phaltan 74°19'23.16" 17°51'47.88" 55.00-56.00 Taluka) 23 Deshmukh 200 Basalt 21 0.43 Nagar EW (Koregaon 74°9'27" 17°31'24.96" Taluka) Here, EW- Exploratory Well, OW- Observation Well, W- Weathered, Fr- Fractured, J- Jointed, MB: Massive Basalt VB- Vesicular Basalt

70

Micro Level Hydrogeological Data – Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) Annexure-III Sl.N Village Lat Long Elevation Geology Well. D.T.W. EC Total Thick- Annual HP of Rate of Kharif Rabi Summer Annual o. (°,M,S) (°,M,S) amsl Depth (mbgl) µS/cm Thickness ness of pum Pump discharge draft Draft Draft (m3) Draft (mbgl) @25° C weatherd fracture ping (m3/hr) (m3) (m3) m3/year portion zone hours. (m) (m) 1 Anphale 17° 27' 74° 33' Deccan 710 14 11.3 803 7 558 5 1.4 476.4 272.2 10.9 759.5 42.38'' 52.6212'' Basalt 2 Aundh 17° 32' 74° 19' Deccan 800 13 10 656 5 735 5 1.4 510.0 510.0 21.3 1041.3 34.5779'' 34.608'' Basalt 3 Banpuri 17° 32' 74° 31' Deccan 8.5 6.1 1283 5 420 3 0.9 310.0 25.8 25.8 361.7 18.9852'' 0.354'' Basalt 4 Bhosare 17° 36' 74° 19' Deccan 787.1 12 11.3 466 5 1035 5 1.4 793.3 637.5 35.4 1466.3 10.8828'' 47.964'' Basalt 5 Budh Deccan 17° 46' 29'' 74° 19' 50'' 832.6 8 5.4 736 2 760 3 0.9 320.0 320.0 35.6 675.6 Basalt 6 Chorade 17° 25' 74° 22' Deccan 700.1 12 11.1 812 5 610 5 1.3 560.0 240.0 13.3 813.3 35.22'' 17.0328'' Basalt 7 Dalmodi 17° 35' 74° 30' Deccan 742 9.5 7.4 872 6.5 615 5 1.3 480.0 320.0 20.0 820.0 25.2024'' 0.1152'' Basalt 8 Ganeshwadi 17° 34' 74° 27' Deccan 706.8 10.5 8 909 1 490 3 0.9 258.3 155.0 8.6 421.9 59.2068'' 37.5336'' Basalt 9 Gopuj 17° 32' 74° 24' Deccan 781.3 11.5 11 588 3 605 5 1.4 510.0 340.0 7.1 857.1 9.5928'' 10.3608'' Basalt 10 Gursale 17° 31' 74° 26' Deccan 718 12 10.5 419 4 730 3 0.9 320.0 320.0 8.9 648.9 49.9908'' 23.3988'' Basalt 11 Jakhangaon 17° 38' 74° 19' Deccan 783.2 15 9 776 9 900 5 1.4 510.0 708.3 56.7 1275.0 36.96'' 8.2308'' Basalt 12 Kaledhon 17° 26' 74° 39' Deccan 765 7 5.9 710 3 570 5 1.3 456.9 274.2 13.1 744.2 15.4284'' 12.7548'' Basalt 13 Katgun Deccan 17° 41' 28'' 74° 20' 58'' 777.3 10 4.9 909 7 890 5 1.4 510.0 680.0 70.8 1260.8 Basalt

71

Sl.N Village Lat Long Elevation Geology Well. D.T.W. EC Total Thick- Annual HP of Rate of Kharif Rabi Summer Annual o. (°,M,S) (°,M,S) amsl Depth (mbgl) µS/cm Thickness ness of pum Pump discharge draft Draft Draft (m3) Draft (mbgl) @25° C weatherd fracture ping (m3/hr) (m3) (m3) m3/year portion zone hours. (m) (m) 14 Khatav Deccan 17° 39' 46'' 74° 21' 52'' 757.9 15 4.8 630 4.5 1120 5 1.4 793.3 680.0 113.3 1586.7 Basalt 15 Khatgun 17° 40' 74° 20' Deccan 758.4 14 4.9 724 10 1500 5 1.4 1020.0 935.0 170.0 2125.0 46.074'' 8.79'' Basalt 16 Kumathe 17° 34' 74° 24' Deccan 763.4 13 12.5 558 2.8 505 5 1.4 490.0 190.6 6.8 687.4 14.268'' 20.3688'' Basalt 17 Lalgun Deccan 17° 46' 49'' 74° 17' 53'' 832.9 12 6.7 1114 5 1090 5 1.4 952.8 490.0 40.8 1483.6 Basalt 18 Mhasurne 17° 25' 74° 26' Deccan 680.9 8 5.6 756 3 1030 5 1.4 816.7 544.4 40.8 1401.9 24.33'' 39.1956'' Basalt 19 Mulikwadi 17° 27' 74° 39' Deccan 772 10 6.5 562 6.5 650 5 1.3 480.0 360.0 26.7 866.7 24.7896'' 3.8484'' Basalt 20 Naikachiwadi 17° 35' 74° 25' Deccan 713 13 12.1 1114 4 745 5 1.4 510.0 510.0 35.4 1055.4 9.258'' 37.0416'' Basalt 21 Ner Deccan 17° 43' 31'' 74° 18' 2'' 790.4 8.5 4.9 1015 3.5 870 5 1.4 680.0 510.0 42.5 1232.5 Basalt 22 Nimsod 17° 27' 74° 27' Deccan 683.3 10.5 7.8 948 4 675 5 1.4 490.0 408.3 20.4 918.8 27.6228'' 52.1064'' Basalt 23 Pusesawali 17° 28' 74° 18' Deccan 731.6 11 8.3 678 4 705 5 1.4 510.0 453.3 35.4 998.8 26.9148'' 25.1568'' Basalt 24 Ranshingwadi Deccan 17° 45' 9'' 74° 22' 20'' 870 7 1.5 701 2 800 5 1.3 560.0 480.0 26.7 1066.7 Basalt 25 Satewadi Deccan 17° 36' 46'' 74° 26' 24'' 710.7 20 12.4 550 7 1 720 5 1.4 595.0 396.7 28.3 1020.0 Basalt 26 Shendgewadi 17° 25' 74° 30' Deccan 655.6 17 15.5 2491 3 1 1060 5 1.4 595.0 850.0 56.7 1501.7 33.4848'' 24.8976'' Basalt 27 Shindewadi Deccan 17° 47' 29'' 74° 18' 26'' 834.5 10 7.4 844 6 740 5 1.4 476.4 490.0 40.8 1007.2 Basalt

72

Sl.N Village Lat Long Elevation Geology Well. D.T.W. EC Total Thick- Annual HP of Rate of Kharif Rabi Summer Annual o. (°,M,S) (°,M,S) amsl Depth (mbgl) µS/cm Thickness ness of pum Pump discharge draft Draft Draft (m3) Draft (mbgl) @25° C weatherd fracture ping (m3/hr) (m3) (m3) m3/year portion zone hours. (m) (m) 28 Tadavale 17° 38' 74° 30' Deccan 686 19 6.8 404 6.5 1120 7.5 1.9 781.7 1116.7 186.1 2084.4 4.344'' 53.6868'' Basalt 29 Trimali 17° 31' 74° 17' Deccan 801.8 14 10.5 649 3 705 5 1.4 595.0 382.5 21.3 998.8 31.6128'' 20.6988'' Basalt 30 Umbarmale Deccan 17° 40' 40'' 74° 21' 12'' 798 12 10.5 282 2.5 480 5 1.3 235.0 365.6 26.1 626.7 Basalt 31 Vanzoli 17° 28' 74° 22' Deccan 734.4 10.5 6.3 692 2 660 5 1.4 510.0 382.5 42.5 935.0 3.0288'' 38.37'' Basalt 32 Vikhale 17° 27' 74° 37' Deccan 741 12 11 714 4.8 580 5 1.4 408.3 367.5 13.6 789.4 40.1472'' 7.5936'' Basalt 33 Yaralwadi 17° 33' 74° 30' Deccan 704.3 9 3.5 1014 2 1590 5 1.4 906.7 1246.7 99.2 2252.5 5.9328'' 9.6444'' Basalt

73

Detailed Data of Soil Infiltration Tests Annexure-IV INFILTRTATION TEST AT MAYNI, KHATAV TALUKA, SATARA DISTRICT Date 21/03/2017 Location E side of over head tank of national bird sanctuary Co ordinates 17.448587N, 74.566065E Elevation /RL m amsl 709 Initial water level 15cm Geology Deccan trap Soil Type Clayey sand (Brownish black cotton soil) Final infiltration rate 2.4 cm/hr Total Precipitation 15cm Infiltration Coefficient (final ifil rate/total pptn) 0.16 Infiltration Coefficient (%) 16

Sl No. Clock Duration Cumulative Water Infiltrated Infiltration Remarks Time (Minutes) time level water Rate (minutes) depth depth cm/hr (cm) (cm) 0 10:27 0 0 15.00 0 0 1 10:29 2 2 14.00 1 30 2 10:31 2 4 13.5 0.5 15 3 10:33 2 6 13.1 0.4 12 4 10:35 2 8 12.5 0.6 18 5 10:37 2 10 12.2 0.3 9 6 10:39 2 12 11.9 0.3 9 7 10:40 1 13 11.8 0.1 6 8 10:45 5 18 10.8 1 12 9 10:50 5 23 9.8 1 12 10 10:55 5 28 8.9 0.9 10.8 11 11:00 5 33 8 0.9 10.8 12 11:05 5 38 7.7 0.3 3.6 13 11:15 10 48 6.2 1.5 9 14 11:25 10 58 5 1.2 7.2 15 11:35 10 68 4.1 0.9 5.4 16 11:45 10 78 3.2 0.9 5.4 17 11:55 10 88 2.7 0.5 3 18 12:15 20 108 2.4 0.8 2.4 19 12:35 20 128 1.9 0.8 2.4 20 12:55 20 148 1.6 0.8 2.4 21 13:15 20 168 1.1 0.8 2.4

74

INFILTRTATION TEST AT KHATAV, KHATAV TALUKA, SATARA DISTRICT Date 20/03/2017 Location N side of Morya marriage hall Co ordinates 17.666483N, 74.358895E Elevation /RL m amsl 767.1 Initial water level 11cm Geology Deccan trap Brownish black cotton soil with silt and Soil Type loam Final infiltration rate 1.5 cm/hr Total Precipitation 11cm Infiltration Coefficient(final ifil rate/total pptn) 0.136 Infiltration Coefficient (%) 13.6

Sl No. Clock Duration Cumulative Water Infiltrated Infiltration Remarks Time (Minutes) time level water Rate (minutes) depth depth ( cm/hr) (Cm) (Cm) 0 3:47 0 0 11.00 0 0 1 3:49 2 2 10.70 0.3 9 2 3:51 2 4 10.5 0.2 6 3 3:53 2 6 10.3 0.2 6 4 3:55 2 8 10.1 0.2 6 5 4:00 5 13 9.9 0.2 2.4 6 4:05 5 18 9.5 0.4 4.8 7 4:10 5 23 9.1 0.4 4.8 8 4:15 5 28 8.9 0.2 2.4 9 4:20 5 33 8.7 0.2 2.4 10 4:30 10 43 8.5 0.2 1.2 11 4:40 10 53 8 0.5 3 12 4:50 10 63 7.45 0.55 3.3 13 5:00 10 73 6.8 0.65 3.9 14 5:10 10 83 6.2 0.6 3.6 15 5:30 20 103 5.6 0.6 1.8 16 5:50 20 123 5 0.6 1.8 17 6:10 20 143 4.5 0.5 1.5 18 6:30 20 163 4 0.5 1.5

75

: Water Level Data of Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) Annexure-V Sl. Village Altitude Longitude Latitude DEPTH Pre-Mon EC-May Post- EC-Nov. No. (m) (m bgl) SWL- 16 Mon 16 May 16 (µS/cm SWL- (µS/cm (m bgl) @25° C) Nov. @25° C) 16(m bgl) 1 Anphal 717 74.56483 17.46178 12.6 11.4 989 3.5 1254 2 Bhosare 789 74.32415 17.60654 10.3 6.7 460 2.1 927 3 Dhondewadi 686 74.52868 17.48766 10 9.2 686.1 2.1 972 4 Diskal 837 74.29064 17.80944 13.45 12.1 698 4.6 1140 5 Ganehswadi 775 74.3226 17.51488 11.8 11.7 680 0.9 661 6 Gopuj 785 74.38692 17.53154 15 11.2 580 4.3 918 7 Jakhangaon 796 74.32235 17.64084 10.65 9.8 545 5.5 1068 8 Katarkhatav 717 74.52487 17.57165 15 14.9 486 2.4 1097 9 Katgun 785 74.35032 17.69674 15.7 15 520 3.2 994 10 Ladegaon 715 74.34352 17.47613 12.4 5.5 425 3.2 707 11 Nidhal 820 74.37787 17.7021 5.5 2.95 617 0.5 1122 12 Nimsod 676 74.46297 17.45277 14.65 13.15 620 2.5 1140 13 Pusegaon 780 74.32021 17.71117 7 4.4 880 3.6 1098 14 Rajapur 846 74.34128 17.78645 9.1 8.9 670 4.7 1816 15 Shindewadi 794 74.28706 17.79163 10 9.7 1675 5 963 16 Tadavale 755 74.51478 17.63434 9.3 7.95 702 2.3 1034 17 Wakeshwar 640 74.42533 17.6217 12.4 6.6 780 2.4 1048 18 Aundh 796.2 74.3333 17.5333 14.4 10.5 6.2 19 Budh 838 74.3308 17.7692 10.1 9.8 3.55 20 Katar Khatav 717.1 74.5167 17.5667 10.25 9.5 5 21 Mayani 681 74.5479 17.44 0 0 0 22 Pingli 713.04 74.5167 17.65 11.75 8.6 3.85 23 Vikhle 729.9 74.6181 17.4619 12.55 7.75 0 24 Ambavade 703.7 74.47778 17.50833 15 9.3 6.2 25 Aundh 802 74.33444 17.54028 13.11 6.3 1.7 26 762 74.41 17.46778 14 8.5 2.45 27 Budh-New 839.6 74.33056 17.76944 14.5 10.6 6 28 Chitali 666.7 74.49722 17.42222 13.9 11.9 10.6 29 Datewadi 745 74.55833 17.5125 13 7.9 0.7 30 Jakhangaon 788 74.32333 17.64389 51.76 7.4 8.9 31 Kankatre 714.7 74.59167 17.45278 23 9 7.7 32 Katarkhatav 723 74.525 17.57222 13.3 10 5.9 33 Khatav 779.8 74.36944 17.66111 30 18.9 19.1 34 Kokarale 801.2 74.31944 17.60694 14.5 9.8 1.55 35 Kuroli 756 74.39167 17.59667 13 8.7 5.4 36 Lalgun 832.7 74.29444 17.78056 16 12.2 8.35 37 Mayani 681.9 74.54722 17.44028 9.9 5.8 3.65 38 Mol 883.3 74.28056 17.84167 11.5 9.1 3.9

76

Sl. Village Altitude Longitude Latitude DEPTH Pre-Mon EC-May Post- EC-Nov. No. (m) (m bgl) SWL- 16 Mon 16 May 16 (µS/cm SWL- (µS/cm (m bgl) @25° C) Nov. @25° C) 16(m bgl) 39 Musandwadi 740 74.40833 17.45 10 8.9 3.3 40 Nimsod 688.3 74.46667 17.45278 30 7.6 10.1 41 Pusesavali. 718 74.32139 17.46111 13.9 8.5 1.05 42 Pusesawali 720.3 74.325 17.45972 22 9.9 2 43 Vardhangad 869 74.26944 17.72222 12.2 6.2 0.9 44 Wakeshwar 726.3 74.41667 17.60278 15 13 14.7

77

Water Level Data of Aquifer-II (Deeper Aquifer) Annexure-VI Sl. Village Longitude Latitude Depth Depth Elevation Aquifer Pre post No drilled of zones SWL SWL (mbgl) casing encountered (mbgl) (mbgl)

1 Rajapur EW 74°21'05.4'' 17°47'38.4'' 200 14 865.6 16 mbgl 82.8 31 (Seepage), 92 mbgl 2 Dhakatwadi 74°23'34.4'' 17°36'24.8'' 126.5 9.5 749.7 62.50 - 12 2 EW 65.50, 89.90 - 93.00, 108.20 - 111.30 3 Dhakatwadi 74°23'34.4'' 17°36'25.1'' 200 11.5 750.1 30 mbgl 17 4.5 OW (Seepage), 66- 68 4 Aundh EW 74°19'50.7'' 17°32'28.6'' 131 9.5 799.7 44.20-47.20, 21 2.72 90-93, 116- 117.40

5 Aundh OW 74°19'50'' 17°32'28.4'' 200 19.5 799.7 41.1-44.2, 16 5.7 99.1-102.1, 172.3-175.3 6 Dambewadi 74°33'17.2'' 17°36'8.5'' 200 29.5 769.9 157-160, 61.5 21 EW 7 Vadgaon 74°20'36.3'' 17°27'15.2'' 200 29.5 721 44.20-47.20 95 25 EW (seepage), 190.60- 196.70 8 Chitale EW 74029’50” 17025’15” 301 665.4 13.00, 18 8.28 152.00 9 Pusesawli 74019’15” 17027’45” 203.53 717.575 6.00, 67.33 18 4.35 EW 10 Phadtarwadi 74019’15” 17044’30” 97.9 834.6 16.50, 32.30, 18 13 EW 57.20

11 Phadtarwadi 74019’15” 17044’30” 67.4 834.6 17.50, 33.80, 18 13 OW 58.20

12 Vaduj EW 74027’30” 17035’00” 201.05 704.03 23 4.09

13 Vaduj OW 74027’30” 17035’00” 171 705.03 23 4.09

14 Nidhal EW 74°25'0.12" 17°43'0.12" 97.8 825.2 23 2.02

15 Nidhal OW 74°25'0.12" 17°43'0.12" 79.6 825.2 23 2.02

78

Sl. Village Longitude Latitude Depth Depth Elevation Aquifer Pre post No drilled of zones SWL SWL (mbgl) casing encountered (mbgl) (mbgl)

16 Katgun EW 74°20'22.92" 17°41'57.84" 200 794.8 19.6- 32 21 20.6,96.0- 97.0 17 Arphal EW 74°34'0.12" 17°27'45" 196 659.315 21 3.1

18 Kherade 74°25'18.84" 17°22'45.84" 200 686.8 21 3.1 Wangi EW (Kadegaon Taluka, Sangli dist) 19 Chimangaon 74°14'8.88" 17°43'45.84" 140 745.3 14.0- 18 5.3 EW 16.0,92.0- (Koregaon 93.0 Taluka) 20 Lodhavade 74°34'46.92" 17°38'31.92" 200 705.3 27 15.5 EW (Man Taluka)

21 Pingli Bk 74°30'00" 17°40'5.16" 200 757.6 42.0- 31 6.6 EW (Man 43.0,62.3- Taluka) 63.3

22 Tathawade 74°19'23.16" 17°51'47.88" 180 719 27.50-28.50, 27 8.4 EW (Phaltan 55.00-56.00 Taluka) 23 Deshmukh 74°09'27" 17°31'24.96" 200 612.4 21 12 Nagar EW ()

79

Ground Water Quality Data of Aquifer-I (Shallow Aquifer) Annexure-VII

SN Village Latitude Longitude pH EC TDS TH Ca Mg Na K CO3 HCO3 Cl NO3 SO4 F µS/cm @25° C ------mg/l ------ 1 Vankeswar 17.5667 74.0375 7.9 1336 855 400 123.2 22 108 1 0 322 136 26 246 1.1 2 Khatav 17.2389 74.1292 7.4 6800 4352 560 168 34 584 318 0 415 486 26 990 0.7 3 Vardhangad 17.7222 74.2694 8.7 387 248 164 25.6 24 24 0.1 11 225 24 1 6 0.4 4 Lalgun 17.7889 74.2783 7.7 711 455 200 38.4 25 47 0.1 1 179 76 58 24 0.1 5 Ambavade 17.5083 74.3111 7.6 974 623 312 104 13 90 0.2 0 337 124 26 124 0.4 6 Kokrale 17.6069 74.3194 8.1 622 398 200 56 15 20 0.1 2 158 62 27 32 1.2 7 Budh 17.7708 74.3333 7.7 733 469 220 48 24 47 0.4 1 183 72 84 32 0.6 8 Aundh 17.5403 74.3344 8.1 571 365 184 67.2 4 19 0.2 2 198 44 22 17 0.1 9 Yeliv 17.3311 74.3381 8.4 439 281 140 54.4 1 20.3 0.3 4 160 30 21 14 1.3 10 Bhusangad 17.4667 74.41 8.1 462 296 160 59.2 3 38 0.7 3 229 44 4 15 0.1 11 S.kuroli 17.5967 74.4167 7.7 1336 855 522 179.2 18 116 1.5 0 573 262 26 44 0.5 12 Pusesavali 17.485 74.4881 8.2 907 580 212 80 3 69 13 0 259 96 49 61 0.1 13 Mayani 17.4403 74.5167 8.1 962 616 236 88 4 108 0.8 0 229 170 25 112 0.1 14 Datewadi 17.5125 74.5583 8.1 439 281 196 56 14 30 7.4 3 237 36 26 16 0.5 15 Aundh 17.5333 74.3333 1309 690 315 80.16 28 80.1 10.36 0 317 181 35 135 0.29 16 Pingli 17.65 74.5167 716 379 345 100.2 23 36.15 3.53 0 268 99 8 53 0.49 17 Vikhle 17.4619 74.6181 703 371 215 50.1 22 75 0.42 0 281 89 17 37 0.38 18 Anphal 17.46178 74.56483 8.3 653 418 204 100 25 61 0.63 14 73 90 8 103 0.355 19 Bhosare 17.60654 74.32415 8.1 571 365 90 50 10 94 0.12 0 151 69 29 29 0.98 20 Dhondewadi 17.48766 74.52868 8.2 480 307 164 110 13 29 0.03 0 156 36 8 40 0.368 21 Diskal 17.80944 74.29064 7.7 1014 649 378 154 54 59 2.17 0 254 126 32 104 0.359 22 Ganehswadi 17.51488 74.3226 8 556 356 239 154 21 19 1.48 0 259 39 15 5 0.238 23 Jakhangaon 17.64084 74.32235 8 801 513 334 125 51 36 0.14 0 283 80 17 58 0.373 24 Katarkhatav 17.57165 74.52487 8.2 698 447 199 105 23 69 0.41 0 293 72 8 15 0.517 25 Katgun 17.69674 74.35032 8 750 480 244 154 22 55 0.18 0 254 90 8 30 0.462

80

SN Village Latitude Longitude pH EC TDS TH Ca Mg Na K CO3 HCO3 Cl NO3 SO4 F µS/cm @25° C ------mg/l ------ 26 Ladegaon 17.47613 74.34352 7.9 483 309 169 134 8 26 0.36 0 220 28 7 7 0.352 27 Nidhal 17.7021 74.37787 8.2 915 586 339 125 52 54 1.71 0 293 116 7 52 0.299 28 Nimsod 17.45277 74.46297 8 791 506 279 174 25 50 0.76 0 244 90 30 47 0.317 29 Pusegaon 17.71117 74.32021 8 633 405 249 159 22 38 0.42 0 200 80 8 40 0.37 30 Rajapur 17.78645 74.34128 7.7 1024 655 403 189 52 53 1.71 0 327 121 34 53 0.483 31 Shindewadi 17.79163 74.28706 7.9 845 541 309 159 36 42 0.09 0 322 51 34 47 0.68 32 Tadavale 17.63434 74.51478 8.3 842 539 334 184 36 45 0.77 53 278 49 18 24 0.497

81

Ground Water Quality Data of Aquifer-II (Deeper Aquifer) Annexure-VIII

S. Village Longitude Latitude pH EC TDS TH Ca Mg Na K CO3 HCO3 Cl SO4 NO3 Fe F No. µS/cm ------mg/l ------ @25° C 1 Arphal 74.5667 17.4625 7.99 750 420 245 76 13 60 0 0 342 35 3 58 0.45 0 2 Vaduz 74.4583 17.5833 7.75 690 430 65 22 2 129 1 0 61 131 80 35 0.4 0 3 Pusesavli 74.3208 17.4625 7.9 1336 855 400 123.2 22 108 1 0 322 136 23 26 1.1 4 Kherade Wangi 74.4219 17.3794 8.1 439 281 196 56 14 30 7.4 3 237 36 16 26 0.5 5 Katgun 74.3397 17.6994 8.7 387 248 164 25.6 24 24 0.1 11 225 24 6 1 0.4 6 Chimangaon 74.2358 17.7294 7.7 711 455 200 38.4 25 47 0.1 1 179 76 24 58 0.1 7 Lodhavade 74.5797 17.6422 7.6 974 623 312 104 13 90 0.2 0 337 124 31 26 0.4 8 Pingli Bk 74.5 17.6681 8.1 622 398 200 56 15 20 0.1 2 158 62 32 27 1.2 9 Tathawade 74.3231 17.8633 7.7 733 469 220 48 24 47 0.4 1 183 72 32 84 0.6 10 Chitali 74.4972 17.4208 8.1 571 365 184 67.2 4 19 0.2 2 198 44 17 22 0.1 11 Deshmukh Nagar 74.1575 17.5236 8.4 439 281 140 54.4 1 20.3 0.3 4 160 30 14 21 1.3 12 Nidhal 74.4167 17.7167 8.1 462 296 160 59.2 3 38 0.7 3 229 44 15 4 0.1 13 Phadtarwadi 74.3208 17.7417 7.7 1336 855 522 179.2 18 116 1.5 0 573 262 44 26 0.5

82

Location of Artificial Recharge Structures Annexure-IX SN Village Taluka District Type of structure X Y 1 Chorade Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3759 17.424 2 Rahatani Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.381 17.448 3 Unchithane Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3166 17.464 4 Pargaon Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.2884 17.443 5 Kurle Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.2773 17.4445 6 Karandewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3414 17.5246 7 Kharashinge Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3453 17.4953 8 Nandoshi Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.2897 17.5471 9 Bhandewadi Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3267 17.6433 10 Dharpuri Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3603 17.6709 11 Ganeshwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4631 17.5687 12 Ganeshwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4608 17.5966 13 Wakeshwar Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4168 17.625 14 Wakeshwar Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3906 17.6378 15 Khatav Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3756 17.6401 16 Katgun Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3417 17.687 17 Pusegaon Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3166 17.7092 18 Katgun Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.357 17.7008 19 Nidhal Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4064 17.707 20 Nidhal Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4111 17.6959 21 Khatav Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3383 17.6615 22 Khatav Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3521 17.647 23 Husenpur Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3521 17.6166 24 Kuroli Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.403 17.5838 25 Naikachiwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.447 17.5751 26 Wakeshwar Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4072 17.607 27 Bhurakvadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3598 17.6154 28 Ambavade Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4833 17.5159 29 Chitali Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4747 17.4127 30 Mhasurne Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4724 17.4275 31 Nimsod Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4885 17.466 32 Shirswadi Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4331 17.4922 33 Mhasurne Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4468 17.4094 34 Gopuj Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3945 17.5349 35 Ganeshwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4318 17.5494 36 Ambavade Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4905 17.4998 37 Wakalwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4194 17.4991 38 Suryachiwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.5066 17.507 39 Nimsod Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4952 17.4509 40 Gundewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4965 17.4371 41 Gursale Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4452 17.5139 42 Gursale Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4294 17.5196

83

SN Village Taluka District Type of structure X Y 43 Nimsod Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4892 17.4771 44 Maradwak Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.5037 17.4645 45 Nimsod Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4778 17.4398 46 Wakalwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4162 17.5037 47 Garalewadi Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.6241 17.4334 48 Vikhale Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.6192 17.4613 49 Mayani Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.5941 17.4588 50 Mayani Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.5527 17.445 51 Katarkhatav Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.5265 17.568 52 Katarkhatav Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.5263 17.5398 53 Katarkhatav Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.5547 17.543 54 Khatval Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.5775 17.5396 55 Mayani Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.5493 17.4193 56 Chitali Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.527 17.4085 57 Kaledhon Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.6531 17.4249 58 Mulikwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.6505 17.4624 59 Pachwad Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.6451 17.476 60 Vikhale Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.6233 17.474 61 Nimsod Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4546 17.4651 62 Nimsod Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4654 17.4391 63 Goregaon (vangi) Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4983 17.4843 64 Kalambi Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.2982 17.4949 65 Kalambi Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3075 17.4855 66 Wakeshwar Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4028 17.6016 67 Gursale Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4178 17.5122 68 Nadhawal Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.4558 17.5446 69 Khatav Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3684 17.6369 70 Katgun Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.327 17.6971 71 Katgun Khatav Satara Percolation tank 74.3534 17.6934 1 Kurle Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2739 17.4467 2 Pargaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2967 17.4467 3 Pargaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2967 17.4393 4 Goregaon (n) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3086 17.4364 5 Pusesawali Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3003 17.4739 6 Kalambi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3003 17.4837 7 Kalambi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2961 17.4877 8 Kalambi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2889 17.4818 9 Vadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.293 17.503 10 Kharashinge Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3391 17.501 Girijashankarwadi 11 (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2237 17.4502 12 Shirswadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4473 17.505 13 Chorade Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3676 17.4191 14 Chorade Khatav Satara Check dam 74.381 17.427 84

SN Village Taluka District Type of structure X Y 15 Chorade Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3935 17.4319 16 Nimsod Khatav Satara Check dam 74.453 17.4521 17 Nimsod Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4504 17.4655 18 Holichagaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4349 17.4719 19 Holichagaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4401 17.4645 20 Nimsod Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4737 17.4837 21 Gursale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4406 17.5198 22 Gursale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.424 17.5282 23 Gursale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4137 17.5366 24 Nidhal Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4121 17.7171 25 Nidhal Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4043 17.7156 26 Nidhal Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3769 17.723 27 Umbarmale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3624 17.7067 28 Pusegaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3267 17.7111 29 Umbarmale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3396 17.7176 30 Fadtarwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3194 17.724 31 Darajai Khatav Satara Check dam 74.393 17.6722 32 Nidhal Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3909 17.683 33 Sundarpur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4028 17.6495 34 Khatav Khatav Satara Check dam 74.364 17.6613 35 Khatav Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3588 17.6677 36 Pedgaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4489 17.6386 37 Pedgaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4582 17.649 38 Pedgaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4463 17.6485 39 Pedgaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4364 17.6327 40 Ganeshwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4571 17.5922 41 Satewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4571 17.6139 42 Ganeshwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4639 17.6031 43 Ganeshwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4742 17.5755 44 Ganeshwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.482 17.5868 45 Hingane Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5011 17.6105 46 Tadavale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.511 17.6268 47 Tadavale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4944 17.6312 48 Tadavale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4986 17.6386 49 Mandave Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4918 17.6391 50 Bombale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5151 17.5794 51 Bombale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5239 17.5996 52 Bombale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5322 17.613 53 Katarkhatav Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5281 17.5745 54 Dambhewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5426 17.5843 55 Dambhewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5545 17.5937 56 Katarkhatav Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5363 17.5755 57 Yelmarwadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5571 17.5809

85

SN Village Taluka District Type of structure X Y 58 Katarkhatav Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5555 17.5468 59 Enkul Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5679 17.5552 60 Enkul Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5866 17.5607 61 Khatval Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5715 17.5419 62 Palasgaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5576 17.5311 63 Khatval Khatav Satara Check dam 74.57 17.5306 64 Nidhal Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4137 17.7008 65 Satewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4634 17.6258 66 Ganeshwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4571 17.606 67 Sundarpur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4168 17.6426 68 Pedgaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4282 17.6514 69 Bhandewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3194 17.646 70 Visapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2951 17.6766 71 Visapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2905 17.683 72 Pusegaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2998 17.6889 73 Pusegaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3075 17.6998 74 Pusegaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3075 17.7052 75 Fadtarwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2967 17.723 76 Palashi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3521 17.5019 77 Palashi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3614 17.5158 78 Varud Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3552 17.5735 79 Bhosare Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3251 17.5824 80 Loni Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3314 17.5952 81 Loni Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3407 17.608 82 Vadkhal (bechirakh) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3314 17.608 83 Vadkhal (bechirakh) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3453 17.6144 84 Jakhangaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2868 17.6297 85 Jakhangaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.306 17.6421 86 Katgun Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3231 17.6776 87 Shendgewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2905 17.838 88 Shendgewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2925 17.8345 89 Gakhadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3251 17.8281 90 Gakhadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3122 17.8222 91 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3453 17.7906 92 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3474 17.8005 93 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3552 17.8098 94 Budh Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3122 17.7728 95 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3205 17.7861 96 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3257 17.8 97 Lalgun Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2842 17.7802 98 Anpatwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2723 17.7935 99 Chinchani (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2589 17.8143 100 Mol Khatav Satara Check dam 74.278 17.8301

86

SN Village Taluka District Type of structure X Y 101 Ranshingwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3598 17.7511 102 Ranshingwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3645 17.7585 103 Budh Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3458 17.7669 104 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3474 17.7817 105 Ranshingwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3702 17.7486 106 Budh Khatav Satara Check dam 74.354 17.7716 107 Fadtarwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2894 17.7269 108 Khatav Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3303 17.6628 109 Shendgewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2837 17.8424 110 Shendgewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2811 17.8532 111 Shendgewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2858 17.8222 112 Pandharwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2669 17.8118 113 Budh Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2993 17.7778 114 Diskal Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2956 17.8113 115 Padal Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5959 17.5177 116 Padal Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5897 17.5064 117 Padal Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5881 17.4965 118 Hivarwadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6153 17.5022 119 Kankatre (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5591 17.4467 120 Mayani Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5664 17.46 121 Anphale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5757 17.4783 122 Goregaon (vangi) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5042 17.4807 123 Dhondewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5187 17.4822 124 Dhondewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5358 17.4881 125 Morale. Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5125 17.4452 126 Mayani Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5332 17.4575 127 Dhokalwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6171 17.4639 128 Vikhale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6238 17.4837 129 Vikhale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6321 17.4931 130 Pachwad Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6461 17.4861 131 Pachwad Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6482 17.496 132 Pachwad Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6549 17.498 133 Mulikwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6546 17.4607 134 Mulikwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6627 17.4639 135 Mulikwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6694 17.4684 136 Garudi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6849 17.4723 137 Garudi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.688 17.4526 138 Vikhale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6269 17.4457 139 Garalewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6298 17.4252 140 Kaledhon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.657 17.4437 141 Kaledhon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.658 17.4269 142 Kaledhon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6652 17.4358 143 Kaledhon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6689 17.4269

87

SN Village Taluka District Type of structure X Y 144 Garalewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6368 17.4205 145 Garalewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6466 17.4215 146 Garalewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6585 17.4141 147 Garalewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6678 17.4067 148 Mayani Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5555 17.4235 149 Wakalwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4126 17.4995 150 Wakalwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4002 17.4995 151 Vadgaon (j.s.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3474 17.4516 152 Ladegaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3495 17.4699 153 Ladegaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3598 17.4797 154 Palashi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3691 17.497 155 Wanzoli Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3629 17.458 156 Wanzoli Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3738 17.4654 157 Wanzoli Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3795 17.4738 158 Rahatani Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3816 17.4521 159 Shenawadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4235 17.4348 160 Shenawadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4168 17.4467 161 Nadhawal Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4608 17.5444 162 Ganeshwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4426 17.5468 163 Kumathe Khatav Satara Check dam 74.394 17.5668 164 Ganeshwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4302 17.5621 165 Kumathe Khatav Satara Check dam 74.395 17.5715 166 Kuroli Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4033 17.5814 167 Kuroli Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3764 17.5858 168 Ganeshwadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2982 17.5088 169 Aundh Khatav Satara Check dam 74.336 17.5343 170 Aundh Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3044 17.534 171 Bhosare Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3037 17.5906 172 Kokarale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3034 17.5988 173 Kokarale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3068 17.6035 174 Kokarale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3101 17.6064 175 Bhandewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3187 17.6054 176 Bhandewadi Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3236 17.6079 177 Jakhangaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2811 17.6343 178 Amalewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2977 17.6439 179 Amalewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2972 17.6474 180 Jaygaon Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3205 17.5706 181 Aundh Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3308 17.5442 182 Kuroli Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3658 17.5763 183 Aundh Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3469 17.5383 184 Kumathe Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3741 17.5628 185 Kumathe Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3854 17.5578 186 Ganeshwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4232 17.5813

88

SN Village Taluka District Type of structure X Y 187 Ghakarwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.388 17.603 188 Katalgewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3986 17.7239 189 Mandave Khatav Satara Check dam 74.4887 17.6489 190 Tadavale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5154 17.6365 191 Tadavale Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5219 17.6345 192 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3347 17.798 193 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3392 17.7897 194 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3549 17.7944 195 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3496 17.7909 196 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.36 17.7956 197 Rajapur Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3697 17.793 198 Gakhadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3267 17.8222 199 Gakhadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.3224 17.8184 200 Shindewadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.2736 17.7833 201 Enkul Khatav Satara Check dam 74.6011 17.5629 202 Enkul Khatav Satara Check dam 74.615 17.5568 203 Suryachiwadi (n.v.) Khatav Satara Check dam 74.5079 17.5094

89