Holistic Analysis of Global Feminism Publications: a Bibliometric Evaluation of Feminism Literature Between 1975 and 2017

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Holistic analysis of global feminism publications: A bibliometric evaluation of feminism literature between 1975 and 2017

Engin Şenel Dr Hitit University, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Application and Research Center, and Çor Beekeeping and Bee Products Application and Research Center, Çorum, TURKEY, [email protected]

Seher Doğruer Şenel Dr. Anadolu University, Department of Public Administration, Eskişehir, TURKEY, [email protected]

Ghouse Modin Nabeesab Mamdapur Mr. Synthite Industries Pvt. Ltd., Department of New Product Development and Research, Kolenchery, Ernakulam, Kerala, INDIA, [email protected]

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Şenel, Engin Dr; Şenel, Seher Doğruer Dr.; and Mamdapur, Ghouse Modin Nabeesab Mr., "Holistic analysis of global feminism publications: A bibliometric evaluation of feminism literature between 1975 and 2017" (2021). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 5208. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/5208 Holistic analysis of global feminism publications: A bibliometric evaluation of feminism literature between 1975 and 2017 Engin Şenel 1, 2, 3 MD, BBA, Associate Professor, HoD http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8098-1686, E-Mail: [email protected] 1Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Çorum, TURKEY 2Hitit University Traditional and Complementary Medicine Application and Research Center, Çorum, TURKEY 3Hitit University Beekeeping and Bee Products Application and Research Center, Çorum, TURKEY

Seher Doğruer Şenel 4 Faculty of Economics http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3496-8581, E-Mail: [email protected] 4Anadolu University Faculty of Economics, Department of Public Administration, Eskişehir, TURKEY

Ghouse Modin Nabeesab Mamdapur 5 BSc., MLISc., Scientist-Information and Documentation http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-1987 E-Mail: [email protected] 5Synthite Industries Pvt. Ltd., Department of New Product Development and Research, Kolenchery, Ernakulam, Kerala, INDIA

Abstract Bibliometrics is a relatively novel statistical branch investigating academic publications in a certain field. Although there has been an increasing popularity of bibliometric studies in recent years, scientific literature lacks a holistic analysis of feminism literature. To the best of our knowledge our study was the first bibliometric analysis of the publications in feminism literature. All data of this study was obtained from Web of Science databases. All documents produced in feminism literature between 1975 and 2017 were included. A total of 44,920 published articles were found. The peak year of feminism literature was 2017 with 3378 articles. English was the major language of the literature and it covered 83.91% of total documents. The United States of America (USA) dominated the area with 18,127 articles and covered 40.35% of all literature followed by the UK, Canada, Australia, Spain, Brazil and South Africa (n=5035, 3383, 2180, 777, 620 and 472 documents, respectively). Publications related to feminism were produced from almost all regions in the world except for some African and Asian countries. Canada was the most productive country with a score of 91.55 followed by the Australia, New Zealand and the UK (s=88, 81.11 and 75.63, respectively). Eun-Ok Im from the USA was the most prolific author with 40 articles in feminism field. The USA was the predominant country during all the period of 1975 to 2017. University of California System was the most contributor institution between 1975 and 2009 although University of London ranked the first after 2010. Developed countries dominated feminism literature and all 20 most contributor funding agencies were from developed countries. The researchers from developing and least-developed countries should be supported to produce new publications in the field of feminism.

Keywords: feminism; feminist; bibliometrics; scientometrics; publication trend 1. Introduction Gender and feminism studies are popular and growing fields of scientific literature in the recent years (Söderlund and Madison 2015). Bibliometrics is a novel statistical branch investigating scientific literature in-depth in a certain field (Şenel 2019b). Despite the increasing popularity of bibliometric studies in recent years, academic literature lacks a holistic analysis of feminism literature. In our study we aimed to investigate bibliometric features of feminism literature during a period of 1975 to 2017. To the best of our knowledge, our study was the first bibliometric analysis of feminism publications in the literature. 2. Methods The data of this study was collected from four databases (Web of Science Core Collection, Korean Journal Database, Russian Science Citation Index and SciELO Citation Index) of Web of Science (WoS, Thomson Reuters, New York, NY, USA). We used only WoS Core Collection four bibliometric network and citation analysis. The keyword we used in our analyses were “feminism”, “feminist” and “feminist theory”. All documents produced between 1975 and 2017 were included. Documents published from England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland were mentioned under the United Kingdom (UK) title. The current population data of the countries was retrieved from the United Nations (UN) Database (Anon n.d.). Info-graphics showing bibliometric networks were generated using VOSviewer software (Vosviewer n.d.). Info-map was created with GunnMap 2 free source (GunnMap n.d.). 3. Results 3.1. General features of feminism literature A total of 44,920 published articles were found between 1975 and 2017. The peak year of feminism literature was 2017 with 3378 articles. Only 59 documents were produced in 1975. There was a big leap in the number of publications between 2014 and 2015. The number of publications increased by 63% in 2015 compared to 2014 (Figure 1). English was the major language of the literature and it covered 83.91% of total documents. The other most used languages of the literature were Korean, Spanish, French, Portuguese, German and Russian (6, 3.6, 2.39, 1.57, 1.44 and 0.29%, respectively). The most studied area was Women’s Studies with 2319 papers followed by Sociology, Literature, Psychology and Law (n=1680, 1464, 1336 and 1278 items, respectively; Table 1). The five top most popularized document types of the literature were original articles, reviews, meetings, editorial and letter (66.57, 26.32, 5.07, 4.39, and 1.00, respectively in Table 2). Table 1. The most studied areas of feminism literature between 1975 and 2017

Research Area Record Counta % of 44,920 a Women’s Studies 2319 82.73 Sociology 1680 59.94 Literature 1464 52.23 Psychology 1336 47.66 Law 1278 45.59 Behavioral Sciences 1205 42.99 Arts & Humanities 905 32.29 History 890 31.75 Philosophy 753 26.86 Religion 738 26.33 Education 695 24.79 Public Administration 581 20.73 Social Issues 370 13.2 Business Economics 347 12.38 Geography 338 12.06 Health Care Sciences Services 296 10.56 Environmental Sciences / Ecology 293 10.45 Medical Ethics 293 10.45 Communication 265 9.45 Total 2803 100 a Total number may exceed 44,920 and total percentages may exceed 100% because certain items were included in more than one category

Figure 1. Number of publications in feminism literature by year Table 2. Document types published in feminism literature between 1975 and 2017

Document Types Record Counta % of 44,920a Article 29902 66.57 Review 11824 26.32 Meeting 2279 5.07 Editorial 1972 4.39 Letter 450 1.00 Abstract 218 0.49 Biography 169 0.38 Book 45 0.10 Case Report 41 0.09 Correction 38 0.08 Art and Literature 24 0.05 News 20 0.04 Bibliography 8 0.02 Report 6 0.01 Clinical Trial 5 0.01 Reference Material 1 0.00 Retraction 1 0.00 Thesis Dissertation 1 0.00 Other 764 1.70 Total 44,920 100 a Total number may exceed 44,920 and total percentages may exceed 100% because certain items were included in more than one category 3.2. Global distribution of the publications and the productivity All the countries publishing in the field of feminism were ranked according to the number of publications produced between 1975 and 2017. The United States of America (USA) dominated the area with 18,127 articles and covered 40.35% of all literature followed by the UK, Canada, Australia, Spain, Brazil and South Africa (n=5035, 3383, 2180, 777, 620 and 472 documents, respectively; Figure 2). Publications related to feminism were produced between 1975 and 2017 from almost all regions in the world except for some African and Asian countries (Figure 3).

Figure 2. Top ten most contributor countries in feminism literature between 1975 and 2017

Figure 3. Global distribution map of feminism publications between 1975 and 2017 A productivity score was measured for each country publishing in feminism literature with a formula (s=publication number / population x 1,000,000) used in recent studies (Şenel 2019a). Canada was the most productive country with a score of 91.55 followed by the Australia, New Zealand and the UK (s=88, 81.11 and 75.63, respectively; Figure 4). Although the USA had the highest number of publications in productivity it ranked only 5th out of 134 countries publishing articles related to feminism.

Figure 4. Ten most productive countries in feminism literature during the period of 1975 to 2017 3.3. Authors, journals, academic meetings, institutions and funding agencies Eun-Ok Im from the USA was the most prolific author with 40 articles in feminism field (Table 3). The highest number of publications were published in the journals of Women’s Studies International Forum, Signs, Feminism Psychology and Feminist Review (n=940, 874, 527 and 416 items, respectively) (Table 4). Proceedings of the congresses of Annual Meeting of The American Sociological Association were the most indexed meeting abstracts in WoS databases (Table 5). University of California System (USA) was the most contributor institution with 1038 articles (2.31%) followed by University of London (UK), State University of New York (USA) and University of Wisconsin System (USA) (n=838, 450 and 431, respectively; Table 6). We noted that 17 out of the most contributor 20 institutions were from the USA and the list had no institutions from developing and least-developed countries. Economic and Social Research Council from the UK was the most supporter funding agency in this field and all the most supporter twenty organizations were from developed countries (Table 7). Table 3. The most prolific ten authors of feminism literature between 1975 and 2017

Author Record Count % of 44,920 Im EO 40 0.089 Jackson S 34 0.076 Kitzinger C 33 0.073 McDowell L 33 0.073 Davis K 29 0.065 Ferree MM 29 0.065 Allen KR 28 0.062 Sjoberg L 27 0.060 Elshtain JB 24 0.053 Marecek J 24 0.053 Nelson JA 24 0.053 Chee W 23 0.051 Hunt ME 23 0.051 Stewart AJ 23 0.051 Wilkinson S 23 0.051 Bondi L 22 0.049 Jackson D 22 0.049 Sayers J 21 0.047 Stanley L 21 0.047 Gill R 20 0.045

Table 4. The most contributor journals in feminism literature between 1975 and 2017

Journal Record Count % of 44,920 Women’s Studies International Forum 940 2.093 Signs 874 1.946 Feminism Psychology 527 1.173 Feminist Review 416 0.926 Gender & Society 396 0.882 Psychology of Women Quarterly 393 0.875 Sex Roles 363 0.808 Australian Feminist Studies 345 0.768 European Journal of Women’s Studies 339 0.755 Journal of Gender Studies 318 0.708 Women Therapy 314 0.699 Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 311 0.692 Affilia Journal of Women and Social Work 303 0.675 Women’s History Review 291 0.648 Gender Place and Culture 285 0.634 Gender and Education 251 0.559 Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews 244 0.543 Revista Estudos Feministas 240 0.534 Hypatia A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 237 0.528 Feminist Studies 235 0.523

Table 5. The meetings or conferences in which the most documents were presented in the feminism literature between 1975 and 2017

Meeting Title Record Count % of 44,920 Annual Meeting of The American Sociological Association 15 0.033 International Symposium on Female Survival and Development 15 0.033 Third Wave Feminism Conference 15 0.033 International Symposium on Women S Survival and Development 12 0.027 in Current Cultural Environment 2nd International Conference on Advances in Women’s Studies 11 0.024 4th International Conference of The Korean Association for 11 0.024 Feminist Studies in English Literature Conference on Feminist Theology and The Role of Theory 11 0.024 Interdisciplinary Conference on Emigre Feminism 11 0.024 Workshop on Gender Myths and Feminist Fables Repositioning 10 0.022 Gender In Development Policy And Practice 4th Congress of World Czech Literary Studies Other Czech 9 0.020 Literature

Table 6. The most productive 20 institutions in feminism literature between 1975 and 2017

Institutions Country Record % of Count 44,920 University of California System USA 1038 2.31 University of London UK 838 1.87 State University Of New York USA 450 1.00 University of Wisconsin System USA 431 0.96 Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education USA 423 0.94 University of Toronto USA 420 0.93 University of North Carolina USA 400 0.89 City University Of New York USA 381 0.85 State University System of Florida USA 360 0.80 University of Texas System USA 346 0.77 York University Canada 327 0.73 University of British Columbia Canada 295 0.66 University of Illinois System USA 288 0.64 University System of Georgia USA 285 0.63 University of Michigan System USA 282 0.63 University of Massachusetts System USA 274 0.61 Rutgers State University USA 250 0.56 University of Minnesota System USA 249 0.55 Oregon University System USA 242 0.54 Penn State University USA 238 0.53

Table 7. The most contributor 20 funding agencies in the studies related to feminism literature between 1975 and 2017 (source: WoS Core Collection)

Institutions Country Record % of Count 40,365 Economic and Social Research Council UK 145 0.36 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Canada 52 0.13 Arts and Humanities Research Council UK 46 0.11 National Science Foundation USA 39 0.10 Australian Research Council Australia 30 0.07 National Institute of Nursing Research USA 29 0.07 Academy of Finland Finland 20 0.05 Swedish Research Council Sweden 16 0.04 Wellcome Trust UK 16 0.04 National Institute of Mental Health USA 15 0.04 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development USA 14 0.03 Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canada 13 0.03 National Institute on Drug Abuse USA 12 0.03 Leverhulme Trust UK 10 0.02 British Academy UK 9 0.02 Ontario Graduate Scholarship Canada 8 0.02 University of Auckland New Zealand 7 0.02 Andrew W. Mellon Foundation USA 6 0.01 European Commission European Union 6 0.01 Irish Research Council Ireland 6 0.01

3.4. Periods of the feminism literature and citation analysis To investigate publication trends of feminism literature in-depth, we divided the entire literature into five-year intervals. Citation analysis could be performed in WoS Core Collection database since WoS supported citation analysis function only in the database of WoS Core Collection. Table 8. According to WoS Core Collection Database, the bibliometric features of feminism literature by five-year-intervals

Total The most productive Period published Country Author Institution Journal articles 1975-1979 574 USA Ferree MM University of California Signs (n=302, (n=4, 0.7%) System (n=22, 3.83%) 52.61%) (n=19, 3.31%) 1980-1984 1483 USA Elshtain JB University of California Signs (n=733, (n=10, System (n=86, 5.8%) 49.43%) 0.67%) (n=49, 3.30%) 1985-1989 2402 USA Offen K University of California Women’s (n=1201, (n=8, 0.33%) System Studies 50%) (n=63, 2.62%) International Forum (n=118, 4.91%) 1990-1994 4517 USA Haug F University of California Women’s (n=2291, (n=10, System Studies 50.72%) 0.55%) (n=159, 3.52%) International Forum (n=150, 3.32%) 1995-1999 5907 USA Craft CM University of California Women’s (n=2894, (n=9, 0.15%) System Studies 48.99%) (n=153, 2.59%) International Forum (n=166, 2.81%) 2000-2004 4880 USA Enloe C University of California Signs (n=2421, (n=13, System (n=170, 3.48%) 49.61%) 0.27%) (n=142, 2.91%) 2005-2009 6165 USA Im EO University of California Signs (n=2489, (n=17, System (n=120, 1.95%) 40.37%) 0.28%) (n=157, 2.55%) 2010-2014 8620 USA Alcoff LM University of London Women’s (n=3300, (n=19, (n=270, 3.13%) Studies 38.28 %) 0.22%) International Forum (n=145, 1.68%) 2015-2017 9660 USA Hooks B University of London Feminist Media (n=3275, (n=36, (n=239, 2.47%) Studies 33.9 %) 0.37%) (n=140, 1.45%) 3.4.1. 1975-1979 A total of 574 articles retrieved from WoS Core Collection during a period of 1975 to 1979 (Table 8). H-index of the literature was measured as 14 in this period. Total number of citations was 933 (924 without self-citations) times. The most cited article of this period was an original article titled “Short scale of attitudes toward feminism” by Smith ER, Ferree MM and Miller FD published in the journal of Representative Research in Social Psychology in 1975 (Table 9). 3.4.2. 1980-1984 Feminism literature had 1483 documents during a period of 1980 to 1984 as searched in WoS Core Collection database. H-index of this period was 28 and the number of total citations was 5518 (5432 without self-citations) times. The peak year was 1987 with 254 citations and the most cited article was a viewpoint article titled “Feminism, Marxism, Method, And the State - Toward Feminist Jurisprudence”, published in the journal of Signs in 1983 and written by Mackinnon CA (MacKinnon 1983). 3.4.3. 1985-1989 The period of 1985 to 1989 of feminism literature included 2404 documents, 47.92% of which were book reviews. H-index was calculated as 52 and total number of citations was 17461 (17181 without self-citations) times. The peak year of the citations was 2017 for the articles in this period. All the most cited documents of this period were published in 1988. The most cited item was an article written by Haraway D from University of California and titled “Situated Knowledges - The Science Question in Feminism and The Privilege of Partial Perspective”(Haraway 1988). 3.4.4. 1990-1994 Total number of the papers indexed in WoS Core Collection between 1990 and 1994 was 4517 (Table 8). H-index was 84 and number of total citations was 37,880 (36,714 without self-citations) times. The most cited article titled “Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations” was produced by Joan Acker from University of Oregon published in 1990 in the journal of Gender & Society (Acker 1990) (Table 9). 3.4.5. 1995-1999 Total number of produced documents in feminism literature between 1995 and 1999 was 5907 (Table 8). The most cited document was a medical article titled “Why patients use alternative medicine - Results of a national study” published in the Journal Of The American Medical Association (Astin 1998) (Table 9) Measured H index of the literature was 88 and total number of the citations was 50,744 (49,818 without self-citations). 3.4.6. 2000-2004 A total of 4880 articles were published in feminism literature between 2000 and 2014 and H-index of this period was 98 (Table 8). Total number of citations was 63,883 (62,997 without self-citations) times. 2017 was the peak year of the citations to this period (n=4889 times). An article titled “Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health” published in the journal of Social Science and Medicine in 2000 was the most cited document (Courtenay 2000) (Table 9). 3.4.7. 2005-2009 This period included 6165 published items and H-index was 94 (Table 8). Documents published in this period were cited 71,212 times in total (69,647 times without self-citations). The most cited item was a book written by Mahmood S, titled “Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject” in 2005 (Mahmood 2005) (Table 9). 3.4.8. 2010-2014 H-index was 64 in the period of 2010 to 2014 of feminism literature with 8620 articles and 46,971 citations (Table 8). The peak year of the citations was 2017 with 9779 citations. An original article titled “Practicing Intersectionality in Sociological Research: A Critical Analysis of Inclusions, Interactions, and Institutions in the Study of Inequalities” was the most cited item in this period with 353 citations (Table 9) (Choo and Ferree 2010). 3.4.9. 2015-2017 Although this period covered only three years, it included the highest number of the publications (n=9660 items). H-index was only 27 since the published documents in this period were relatively new. Total number of citations was 11,630 (9523 without self-citations). The most cited five articles were produced in 2015. The most cited article titled “Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas” was written by Collins PH and published in the journal of Annual Review of Sociology (Collins 2015). Table 9. The most cited articles in feminism literature per five-year period between 1975 and 2017 (source: WoS Core Collection)

Article Author Journal Year Total Average citations citations per year 1975-1979 Short Scale of Attitudes Smith, ER; Representative 1975 103 2.34 Toward Feminism Ferree, MM; Research in Miller, FD Social Psychology Construct-Validation of A Singleton, R; Sociology and 1977 42 1.00 Shortform Attitudes Toward Christiansen, JB Social Research Feminism Scale Some Effects of New Moulton, R American 1977 41 0.98 Feminism Journal of Psychiatry Early Liberal Roots of Butler, MA American 1978 38 0.93 Feminism - Locke, John and Political Science Attack on Patriarchy Review Feminism, Femininity and Mcneil, JC Journal of 1975 37 0.84 Television Series - Content- Broadcasting Analysis 1980-1984 Feminism, Marxism, Mackinnon, CA Signs 1983 391 10.86 Method, And the State - Toward Feminist Jurisprudence Feminism, Marxism, Mackinnon, CA Signs 1982 381 10.30 Method, And the State - An Agenda for Theory The Use and Abuse of Rosaldo, MZ Signs 1980 210 5.38 Anthropology - Reflections on Feminism and Cross- Cultural Understanding Have We Got A Theory for Lugones, MC; Women’s 1983 163 4.53 You - Feminist Theory, Spelman, EV Studies Cultural Imperialism and International The Demand for The Forum Woman’s Voice Depopulation, Nationalism, Offen, K American 1984 154 4.40 And Feminism in Fin-De- Historical Siecle France Review 1985-1989 Situated Knowledges - The Haraway, D Feminist Studies 1988 Science Question in Feminism and The Privilege of Partial Perspective Bargaining with Patriarchy Kandiyoti, D Gender & 1988 Society Performative-Acts and Butler, J Theatre Journal 1988 Gender-Constitution, An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist-Theory Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple King, DK Signs 1988 Consciousness - The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology Cultural Feminism Versus Alcoff, L Signs 1988 Post-Structuralism - The Identity Crisis in Feminist Theory 1990-1994 Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A Acker, J Gender & 1990 1903 65.62 Theory of Gendered Society Organizations Gender and the social rights Orloff, AS American 1993 820 31.54 of citizenship - the Sociological comparative-analysis of Review gender relations and welfare states Race and essentialism in Harris, AP Stanford Law 1990 592 20.41 feminist legal theory Review Getting personal - England, KVL Professional 1994 458 18.32 reflexivity, positionality, and Geographer feminist research Beyond separate spheres - Ferree, MM Journal of 1990 411 14.17 feminism and family Marriage And research The Family 1995-1999 Why patients use alternative Astin, JA Journal of The 1998 1665 79.29 medicine - Results of a American national study Medical Association Patriarchal terrorism and Johnson, MP Journal of 1995 926 38.58 common couple violence - 2 Marriage and forms of violence against The Family women The extended case method Burawoy, M Sociological 1998 657 31.29 Theory Situating knowledges: Rose, G Progress in 1997 622 28.27 positionality, reflexivities Human and other tactics Geography The objectified body McKinley, NM; Psychology of 1996 581 25.26 consciousness scale - Hyde, JS Women Development and validation Quarterly 2000-2004 Constructions of masculinity Courtenay, WH Social Science 2000 1460 76.84 and their influence on men's & Medicine well-being: a theory of gender and health Do Muslim women really Abu-Lughod, L American 2002 616 36.24 need saving? Anthropologist Anthropological reflections on cultural relativism and its others Research on domestic Johnson, MP; Journal of 2000 535 28.16 violence in the 1990s: Ferraro, KJ Marriage and Making distinctions Family Diverging destinies: How McLanahan, S Demography 2004 467 31.13 children are faring under the second demographic transition Feminist theory, Mahmood, S Cultural 2001 361 20.06 embodiment, and the docile Anthropology agent: Some reflections on the Egyptian Islamic revival 2005-2009 Politics of Piety: The Islamic Mahmood, S Book 2005 1839 131.36 Revival and the Feminist Subject Perceived Discrimination Pascoe, Elizabeth Psychological 2009 1119 111.90 and Health: A Meta-Analytic A.; Richman, Bulletin Review Laura Smart Intersectionality and feminist Yuval-Davis, N European 2006 653 50.23 politics Journal of Women’s Studies Inequality regimes - Gender, Acker, J Gender & 2006 651 50.08 class, and race in Society organizations Intersectionality and Cole, ER American 2009 625 62.50 Research in Psychology Psychologist 2010-2014 Practicing Intersectionality Choo, HY; Ferree, Sociological 2010 353 39.22 in Sociological Research: A MM Theory Critical Analysis of Inclusions, Interactions, and Institutions in the Study of Inequalities Stop Blaming the Victim: A Suarez, E; Journal of 2010 194 21.56 Meta-Analysis on Rape Gadalla, TM Interpersonal Myths Violence The effects of gender on McCright, AM Population and 2010 183 20.33 climate change knowledge Environment and concern in the American public Intersections: The Holvino, E Gender Work 2010 183 20.33 Simultaneity of Race, and Gender and Class in Organization Organization Studies Gender and mobility: new Hanson, S Gender Place 2010 156 17.33 approaches for informing and Culture sustainability 2015-2017 Intersectionality's Collins, PH Annual Review 2015 121 30.25 Definitional Dilemmas of Sociology For Slow Scholarship: A Mountz, A; An International 2015 104 26.00 Feminist Politics of Bonds, A; Journal for Resistance through Mansfield, B; et Critical Collective Action in the al. Geographies Neoliberal University Pursuing Intersectionality, May, VM Pursuing 2015 73 18.25 Unsettling Dominant Intersectionality, Imaginaries Unsettling Dominant Imaginaries What is and what is not Tylka, Tracy L.; Body Image 2015 72 18.00 positive body image? Wood-Barcalow, Conceptual foundations and Nichole L construct definition Beyond Sexual Orientation: van Anders, Sari Archives of 2015 59 14.75 Integrating Gender/Sex and M Sexual Behavior Diverse Sexualities via Sexual Configurations Theory 3.5. Bibliometric networks We performed a bibliometric network analysis on 44,208 articles indexed in WoS Core Collection database in feminism literature. We could also carry out bibliometric analysis of used keywords of the last three decades. We detected that almost the same keywords were used in all decades, even if their order changed (Table 10). The keyword network analysis revealed a starburst pattern in which the keywords of “feminism”, “gender” and “women” centered (Figure 5). The USA centered in the bibliometric network of the most collaborative countries. We noted that the most collaborative countries were the USA, the UK and Canada (Figure 6). Universities from Canada such as University of Toronto, University of British Columbia and York University were found to be the most collaborative institutions (Figure 7). Table 10. Most used keywords in feminism literature

Keywords (Total link strength) S.No. 1990-2017 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2017 1 Feminism (4754) Feminism (168) Feminism (730) Feminism (2374) 2 Gender (4105) Gender (162) Gender (599) Gender (2280) 3 Women (1261) Women (51) Women (226) Women (630) 4 Sexuality (813) Power (49) Identity (151) Sexuality (461) 5 Intersectionality (650) Epistemology (33) Sexuality (125) Intersectionality (438) 6 Feminist theory (621) Postmodernism (31) Power (112) Feminist theory (328) 7 Identity (566) Politics (25) Race (106) Race (309) 8 Race (566) Research (24) Feminist theory (103) Masculinity (256) 9 Power (524) Empowerment (20) Masculinity (82) Identity (246) 10 Feminist (471) Sexuality (20) Class (77) Power (236)

Figure 5. Keyword network of feminism literature between 1975 and 2017

Figure 6. Bibliometric network of collaborative countries in feminism literature

Figure 7. Bibliometric network of collaborative institutions in feminism literature 4. Discussion Bibliometrics uses statistical methods to investigate a scientific area of academic literature. It provides analysis on data such as contributor authors and institutions, productive countries, trends of publication and citations, and expectations in a certain field. The first bibliometric study investigating subject scattering in publications was performed by Campbell in 1896 (Hood and Wilson 2001). The term of “bibliometrics” was first coined by Pritchard in 1969 instead of the confusing term of ““statistical bibliography” (Pritchard 1969). As far as we know and searched, our analysis was the first bibliometric study in feminism literature. We used WoS database in our research since it was the most reliable database indexing over 50,000 books, 12,000 journals (dating from 1823) and 12 million documents from all over the world as of 2014. We found only four studies as we searched into all database provided by WoS using the keywords of “feminism” and “bibliometrics”. One of these studies was an analysis of scientific output of transsexuality in Spanish medical literature (Navarro- Pérez, Ortiz-Gómez, and Gil-García 2015). The second was a bibliometric investigation of 466 journal articles on tourism gender research (Figueroa-Domecq et al. 2015). In 2017, Tsay and Li performed a bibliometric analysis of women’s studies literature over the period of 1900 to 2013. WoS database was also used in their study. Although they used a wide range of keywords such as “wom*n stud*” of “female stud*” only 16,852 items were retrieved. Total number of the publications they found was rather lower than our search (n=44,920 items found in our analysis). The USA covering 50.6% of the literature on women’s studies was found to be the leading country as detected in our study. The UK came next in the ranking as in our analysis. The journal of Signs was noted to be the most productive source with 347 papers in the field of women’s studies although we found the journal of Women’s Studies International Forum was the most contributor with 940 documents in feminism literature (Table 4) (Tsay and Li 2017). Söderlund and Madison investigated gender studies publications produced in Sweden between 2000 and 2010 by using the keyword of “gender” in WoS database. They found Gothenburg University was the most contributor institution in gender studies from Sweden (Söderlund and Madison 2015). We found no institutions from Sweden in the most productive institutions’ list and only three institutions were non-US, one from the UK and two from Canada (Table 6). Sweden ranked 9th in the most contributor countries’ list and 6th in the most productive countries’ list in feminism literature according to our analysis (Figure 2 and 4). 5. Conclusion We detected that total number of the publications produced in feminism literature increased gradually by year between 1975 and 2014 and exponentially after 2014 (Figure 1). The USA was the predominant country during all the period of 1975 to 2017. University of California System was the most contributor institution between 1975 and 2009 although University of London ranked the first after 2010. We noted that the contribution of the USA to feminism literature decreased gradually by year after 2000 from 49.61 to 33.9% of total literature (Table 8). Developed countries dominated feminism literature and all the most contributor funding agencies were from developed countries. The researchers from developing and least-developed countries should be supported to produce new publications in the field of feminism. References: Acker, Joan. 1990. “Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations.” Gender & Society. 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