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Tijdschrift Voor Entomologie lan LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOliniliSNI NVINOSHIIWS S3iaVban NoiiniiiSNi NvmosHiiws saidvaan libraries Smithsonian institution HON •- i \. ^ .<z.^ i - jan libraries Smithsonian institution NoiifiiiisNi nvinoshiiws saiavaar ITION NGIiniliSNI MVINOSHilWS S3iyvaan libraries SMITHSONIAN~INSTITUTIOr aan libraries 'Smithsonian institution NoiiniiiSNi NviN0SHiiiMs"s3iyvaar — "> ~ C/5 — '" 2 J 2 -< _ _ ITION NOIiniliSNI NVINOSHilWS SBiavaail libraries SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIOr aan libraries Smithsonian institution NoiiniiiSNi nvinoshìiws saiavaar H , w ^ z . w z «2 €>< #^ en '" Z to ^ ITION NOIifllliSNI NVINOSHIIWS S3iyVaan libraries SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIOr aan"^Li6RARiES Smithsonian institution NoiiniiiSNi nvinoshiiws S3iavaai r- z i~ Z r- z NI NVINOSHIIWS SBIbVaan libraries SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIIfliliSNI r- r- ' , Z z: 1^ 2 z> /*, W ' _ (/J ± c :S SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIiniliSNI NVINOSHilWS S3lbVHan LIBRARIES NI^NVINOSHilWs'^Sai dVHan_LIBRARIES SMITHS0NIAN_1NSTITUTI0N NOIiniliSNI_ ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIifliliSNI NVINOSHilWS S3iavaan LIBRARIES -' ^ '''^'^ ^^ ' ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIiriiliSNI NVINOSHIIWS S3 I a Va 3 n_ ;NI~'nV1N0SHÌIWS S3iavaan libraries SMITHSONIAN~'lNSTiTUTION^'^OIiniliSNI (- , z r- 2 r- z <_ — " M — C/J ^ to ^L I B R AR I E S ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHIIWS S3 I a V a a 11 „^o'-'-^-'-'-'-S'^' ;ni NVINOSHIIWS S3 1 ava an libraries Smithsonian institution, B R AR 1 ES ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIiniliSNI NVINOSHilWS S3 I a Va 3 n_LI z r- ^ co *>^->!v;^^ U-t^. DEEL 115 1972 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING .q^OLOq^ <r^ Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 115, 1972 ''Aflevering 1 verscheen 10 maart 1972 Afleveringen 2 — 3 verschenen 21 april 1972 Afleveringen 4— 5 verschenen 28 juli 1972 Aflevering 6 verscheen 10 november 1972 Afleveringen 7—8 verschenen 12 december 1972 INHOUD VAN DEEL 115 Belle, — Further studies on South American Gomphidae (Odonata) . 217 J. DiAKONOFF, A. — Remarks on hiatsiimnraeses Issiki, with descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Laspeyresiini) 241 Jong, R. de. — Systematics and geographic history of the genus Pyrgiis in the Palaearctic region (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) 1 Hollander, den H. Lof. — Differential use of the habitat by Pardosa pul- J. & latd (Clerck) and Pardosa prativaga (L. Koch) in a mixed population (Ara- neae, Lycosidae) 205 Lieftinck, M. a. — Further studies on Old World Melectine bees, with stray notes on their distribution and host relationships (Hymenoptera, Antliophori- dae) 253 LiTH, P. VAN. — Contribution to the knowledge of Oriental Psenniit s (Hyme- J. noptera, Sphecidae, Psenini) 153 LuKOSCHUS, F. S., A. Fain & F. M. Driessen. — Life cycle of Apodeiuopus apodeini (Fain, 1965) (Glyc-yphagidae: Sarcoptiformes) 325 Simon Thomas, R. T. A. M. Simon Thomas. — Some observations on the & J. behaviour of females of Philanthus triangiilum (F.) (Hymenoptera, Spheci- dae) 123 Simon Thomas, R. T. & E. P. R. Poorter. — Notes on the behaviour of males of Philanthus triangulum (F.) (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) l4l DEEL 115 AFLEVERING 1 1972 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD R. DE Jong. — Systematics and geographic history of the genus Pyrgiis in the Palaearctic region (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), p. 1 — 121, tekstfig. 1 —60, pL 1—6. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie; deel 115. afl. 1 Gepubliceerd 10 31972 . NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING Bestuur (Board) Voorzitter (Chairman) G. Barendrecht Vice-Voorzitter (Vice-President) .... J. T. Wiebes Secretaris (Secretary) W. Hellinga Addrea Weesperzijde 23 11, Amsterdam-1005. Penningmeester (Treasurer) W. J. Kabos Address ^o" Baerleslraat 26 I, Amslerdam-1007. Bibliothecaris (Librarian) W. N. Ellis Address Zeehurgerdijk 21, Amjlerdam-1006. Leden (Ivfembers) G. van Rossem, A. F. H. Besemer Afdeling voor Toegepaste Entomologie (Division of Applied Entomology) Bestuur (Board) Voorzitter (Chairman) A. F. H. Besemer Secretaris (Secretary) L. P. S. van der Geest Address Linnaeusstraat 2 B, Amsterdam-lOOS. Leden (Members) .... ... L. Bravenboer, J. J. Laarman, J. B. M. van Dinthet Publicaties van de Vereniging (Publications of the Society) Subscription may be obtained from all booksellers or direct from the Librarian, Zeeburgerdijk 21, Amsterdam-1006, except for Entomologia experimenlalis et applicala, which is available through booksellers or from the North-Holland Publishing Co., Post Office Box 103, Amsterdam. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie Redactie (Editorial Board) Pater Chrysanthus, A. Diakonoff, P. J. van Hels- dingen, C. A. W. Jeekel, R. de Jong, J. Krikken, M. A. Lieftinck. Address Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie. Raamsleeg 2, Leiden. The Journal serves the publication of papers on Insecta, Myriapoda and Arachnoidea. It appears in separate issues, forming an annual volume of 350—400 pages. Subscription rate: D.Fl. 62.50 per volume. Monografieën van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging Redactie (Editorial Board) and address as for Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. The Monographs are intended for the publication of larger entomological papers on a single subject and will appear irregularly. The following Monographs have been published: Hors série: F. T. Valck Lucassen et al., 1961. — Monographie du genre Lomaptera Gory & Percheron (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae), 299 pages, 739 figs., 2 pi., map. D.Fl. 60.— No. 1. A. J. Besscling, 1964. — De Nederlandse Watermijten (Hydrachnellae Latreille. 1802) (The Hydrachnellae of the Netherlands), 199 pp., 333 figs., D.FI. 30.—. SYSTEMATICS AND GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE GENUS PYRGUS IN THE PALAEARCTIC REGION (LEPIDOPTERA, HESPERIIDAE) by R. DE JONG Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden Abstract A systematic and Zoogeographie study on the Palaearctic species of the genus Pyrgus, comprising a taxonomie review, a description of the geographic variation and a reconstruction of the geographic history. Some Zoogeographie problems are discussed and the Pyrgus species are classified as faunal types. Contents 1. Introduction 2 a. Scope 2 b. Taxonomie categories 2 c. Wing markings and genital armature 6 d. Nomenclature 6 e. Material 7 f. Acknowledgements 7 g. Methods, measurements and abbreviations 8 2. The genus Pyrgus Hübner, 1819 8 a. Delimitation 8 b. Classification 10 Subgenus Scelotrix 12 Subgenus Pyrgus 14 The alt eus complex 16 Species of uncertain affinities 23 The American Pyrgus species 24 c. Distribution 24 d. Geographic and evolutionary history 25 Geographic history of the subgenus Scelotrix 27 Geographic history of the alveus species complex 30 3. The species of Pyrgus in the Palaearctic 31 4. Discussion of some Zoogeographie problems 99 a. The geographic origin of species and groups of species 99 b. The geographic history of the Palaearctic Pyrgus species, in relation to the general history of the Palaearctic fauna 100 5. Zoogeographie classification of the Palaearctic Pyrgus species 105 6. Summary 107 7. Literature 115 2 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 115, afl. 1, 1972 1. Introduction l.a. Scope The present study is an attempt to reconstruct the geographic and, in a few cases, the evolutionary history of the Palaearctic species of the genus Pyrgus, on the basis of their recent ranges and geographic variation patterns. The author believes that the high morphologic and ecologie diversity of Pyrgtis can be understood as, at least partially, the result of geographic isolation and subsequent differentiation of former geographically connected populations. The history of Pyrgus, reconstructed in this way, clearly shows the enormous impact of the alternation of Glacial and Interglacial Periods during the Pleistocene, on the distribution and differentiation of the members of Pyrgus. Details of the history, how- ever, are often vague. The history of Pyrgus is discussed in relation to the general history of the Palaearctic fauna. This leads towards a Zoogeographie classification of the Pyrgus species into faunal types; a comparison is made with a classification into distributional types. As taxonomie research must provide the basic facts for the reconstruction of the history, only taxonomically well-known groups can be selected for a historic-zoogeo- graphic study. The Palaearctic members of the genus Pyrgus are such a group. This is mainly due to the work of Rambur (1837-1842), who discovered the great importance of the male genitalia for the identification of the species, of Reverdin (from 1910 onwards), of Warren (1926, 1953) and of Evans (1949). Moreover, Alberti, Kauffmann, Opheim, Picard, and others have contributed to our knowledge, in dealing with detail problems. Nevertheless, there still exists much disagreement about the taxonomy of Pyrgus, especially with regard to the delimitation of species and subspecies. Therefore, it was necessary to review the taxonomy of Pyrgus, before a Zoogeographie study of the genus could be made. It must be emphasized, however, that this review is not the aim of the present study, but only a means to permit a reconstruction of the geographic and evolutionary history of this interesting group, which has fascinated the author for many years. l.b. Taxonomie categories The influence of the application of the biological species concept on the number of species within the genus Pyrgus in the Palaearctic becomes apparent, when we compare the 32 species recognized by Warren (1926) on the base of a typological species concept, with the 19 species recognized by Evans (1949) who accepted a
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