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A Collective Case Study Understanding the Barriers to College

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A Collective Case Study Understanding the Barriers to College A COLLECTIVE CASE STUDY UNDERSTANDING THE BARRIERS TO COLLEGE ACCESS FACING LOW-INCOME AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES by Emmanuel S. Cherilien Liberty University A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University 2020 2 A COLLECTIVE CASE STUDY UNDERSTANDING THE BARRIERS TO COLLEGE ACCESS FACING LOW-INCOME AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES by Emmanuel S. Cherilien A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 2020 APPROVED BY: Michael Patrick Ed.D., Committee Chair James Swezey Ed.D., Committee Member 3 ABSTRACT The purpose of this collective case study was to understand the barriers to college access facing low-income African American males in the northeastern region of the United States. This study employed a qualitative methodology approach involving 10 low-income African American high school graduates from two states. The theoretical framework that guided this study was critical race theory. The central research question was: What are the barriers to college enrollment for low-income African American male high school graduates? The data collection methods consisted of semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and a focus group. The data analysis process involved open coding, axial coding, cross-case synthesis, and categorical aggregation. Research was needed to understand why low-income African American males graduate high school yet fail to enroll in post-secondary education. This study highlighted some of the structural, cultural, and racialized barriers facing low-income African American males as it relates to college access. Keywords: disadvantaged, African Americans, critical race, college access, low-income students, post-secondary barriers, first generation 4 Dedication This manuscript is dedicated to my father, the late Emmanuel Cherilien. Born in Latibonit, Haiti, my father decided to sacrifice all that he knew to come to America so his children could have a better education. I will always be indebted to my father for giving my siblings and me a better chance at life which he wasn’t afforded. It was because of this sacrifice I was able to reach the pinnacle of the education system. His life lessons were key motivators for me to finish this dissertation process. It is fitting that I dedicate this body of work back to the person who allowed me to dream it. Papi, thank you for everything, I love you. 5 Acknowledgments The completion of this dissertation could not have been possible without Almighty God’s blessings, mercy, and grace. I also would like to acknowledge several people whose names cannot all be enumerated. Their contributions over the years are greatly appreciated and I would like to take the time to acknowledge a few of them. First and foremost, I would like to thank my wife, Sylvia Cherilien, and my three children, Elijah, Amber, and Autumn. I also would like to thank my chair, Dr. Michael Patrick and my methodologist, Dr. James Swezey for their patience and guidance as I navigated through this doctoral journey. There were moments where I began to doubt if I could finish this process, it was my wife who would remind me that “God didn’t take you this far to abandon you.” When I was told that my timeline to finish my degree was impossible, my wife reminded me, “Your name is Emmanuel, what is impossible to man is possible to God.” My children who constantly asked, “Dad, when will you be finished?” It was that question and their unwavering belief in me that inspired me to keep pushing on. I will never forget the nights my wife and children would fall asleep talking to me in my office or their handmade “Dr. Cherilien” posters that encouraged me to keep my eyes on the prize. I will forever be grateful to my family for allowing their husband, father, brother, and son to pursue this lofty goal, at times at their own expense. I acknowledge you and your contribution to this study. I love you. 6 Table of Contents ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................3 Dedication ........................................................................................................................................4 Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................5 List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................9 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................10 List of Abbreviations .....................................................................................................................11 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................12 Overview ............................................................................................................................12 Background ........................................................................................................................17 Situation to Self..................................................................................................................23 Problem Statement .............................................................................................................26 Purpose Statement ..............................................................................................................29 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................30 Research Questions ............................................................................................................31 Definitions..........................................................................................................................32 Summary ............................................................................................................................34 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................36 Overview ............................................................................................................................36 Theoretical Framework ......................................................................................................37 Related Literature...............................................................................................................43 Summary ............................................................................................................................66 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS ..................................................................................................68 7 Overview ............................................................................................................................68 Design ................................................................................................................................68 Research Questions ............................................................................................................70 Setting ................................................................................................................................71 Participants .........................................................................................................................72 Procedures ..........................................................................................................................75 The Researcher's Role ........................................................................................................76 Data Collection ..................................................................................................................77 Interviews ...............................................................................................................78 Document Analysis ................................................................................................82 Focus Group ...........................................................................................................83 Data Analysis .....................................................................................................................85 Trustworthiness ..................................................................................................................87 Credibility ..............................................................................................................88 Dependability and Confirmability .........................................................................88 Transferability ........................................................................................................89 Ethical Considerations .......................................................................................................89 Summary ............................................................................................................................89 CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS .....................................................................................................91 Overview ............................................................................................................................91
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