buildings by location of is provided the buildings in an for ease offor reference and appear accordingly the booklet. within FURTHER INFORMATION ON THE RELEVANT FEATURES ON THE RELEVANT FURTHER INFORMATION BUILDINGS ARE NUMBERED I TO 2I ARE NUMBERED BUILDINGS appendix towards the back of the booklet. Please use this mapPlease use the county. their locations within to identify I classrooms of the future County Council had three projects; Hobart High School, Thurlton Primary School and Hevingham Primary School. The projects The 2004. completed between June 2003 andMarch were School. Primary andHevingham School Primary Thurlton HighSchool, Hobart projects; County Councilhadthree for Education andSkills. by fundedinitiative theDepartment underagrant projects theFuture of Classroom developing SINCE THETURNOF MILLENNIUM, Local Education Authorities across the country havebeen thecountry across Local EducationAuthorities SUSTAINABILITY was a fundamental design aim. Very high levels of insulation were included in the walls and roofs of the NORFOLK SCHOOLS schools, reducing the boiler requirement to a domestic scale. Careful Use Schools use of natural daylight and ventilation has also assisted in making comfortable working environments. Location Thurlton Primary School, UNDECORATED CEDAR AND MILL FINISHED Church Road, Thurlton, NR14 6RN Hobart High School, aluminium were used during construction of the classrooms, together Kittens Lane, Loddon, NR14 6JU with reclaimed telegraph poles as columns. Sedum roofs have been

Hevingham Primary School, the future of classrooms incorporated and rainwater is re-used to supply flushing systems in New Road, Hevingham, NR10 5NH the lavatory areas. Architect NPS Consultants AT HEVINGHAM, a geo-thermal heating system has been used to heat classrooms in winter and cool them in summer. The Contact 01603 706000 system extracts heat from the earth by a ‘geo-thermal coil’ located under the classroom and playing field. Solar panels preheat water. Features Geothermal Heating [Hevingham] Small Scale Wind Turbine [Thurlton] AT THURLTON, a 6.5kW mini-wind turbine provides a Rainwater Harvesting contribution to the classrooms’ energy requirements. Increased Insulation

EXCELLENT EXAMPLES OF ENERGY-CONSCIOUS ARCHITECTURE, the buildings demonstrate the benefits of renewable energy to the children. Recording meters for the different technologies have been installed so that the children can easily read, monitor and carry out project work on energy issues as part of the curriculum.

I 2 modern touch to old barns recycled for use in the toilets and the washing machine. for useinthetoilets andthewashing recycled landscape. theirsettinginthesurrounding theexisting buildings improve andgreatly of thecharacter wouldrespect which when needed. when heating extra of source anefficient provides area amulti-fuelstoveinthemainliving heating systemwhile andheatsan underfloor hotwater heatpumpprovides A geothermal thebuildings. throughout requirement NATURAL DAYLIGHT ISUSED RECLAIMED BRICKWORK ANDNATURAL OAK BOARDING RECYCLED SHEEP’SWOOL ECO-FRIENDLY CONSTRUCTIONTECHNIQUES THE PRINCIPAL AIMOFTHEOWNERS Features Contact Architect Location Use THE OLDBARNS asbestos sheeting, whilst other roofs use reclaimed clay pantiles and slate to match theoriginalmaterials. clay pantilesandslatetomatch usereclaimed otherroofs whilst asbestos sheeting, the inzinctoreplace has beencovered main barn The paintsusedthroughout. andorganic externally residential use. residential buildings for farm redundant of agroup of environmental impacttoaminimum duringtheconversion keep Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Insulation Increased Heating Geothermal Biomass Heating from 01625 576777 Skinner Architecture Peter Skinner Norfolk , Upper Stoke, Residence Private provides high levels of insulation and gives a low energy alowenergy insulationandgives of highlevels provides to the best advantage throughout the building and rainwater is thebuilding andrainwater throughout to thebestadvantage was to create a modern, energy efficient dwelling dwelling efficient energy amodern, tocreate was were employedwere inanendeavourto have beenused hostels with a difference 3 Backpackers and Group Hostels Burnham Deepdale, Norfolk, PE31 8DD BorthwickJason [email protected] 01485 210256 www.deepdalefarm.co.uk Heating Solar Water Increased Insulation Management Systems Water of visitors throughout the two the year all the buildings being insulated to a level all the buildings century, have been converted and restored in a th DEEPDALE FARM DEEPDALE FARM HOSTELS Use Location Architect Contact Features by low flush low option toilets,by waterless at the urinals provide both hostels, hot water all the for the laundry in dating back17 to the hostels are an excellent example ofhostels are example an excellent use of the modern technologies in traditional renovation. building campsite and low-flow water settings in the showers. ACCOMMODATING THOUSANDS ACCOMMODATING THE BUILDINGS, TUBES SOLAR EVACUATED USAGE IS REGULATED WATER ARE MADE BY ENERGY SAVINGS higher than required regulations building while by low energy sensors and movement lightbulbs reduce energy lighting. used for the Stables, the loo block Granary in the and the under floor heating system. traditional style, incorporating green technologies wherever possible. 4 forward looking office environment systems. conscious heatingandventilating hsrdcn nrycssdrn h ieieo thebuilding. measures, water-saving including costsduringthelifetimeof energy thus reducing use, energy hasbeentakenwithallaspectsof care Great needs. minimal energy environment with working acomfortable andcoolaircreate warm andcirculate tostore decks concrete the useof avoidtheneedforstay coolinsummerandasaresult HOMES, DESIGNED ASLIFETIME THE CONSTRUCTIONMETHODS the houseshaveenergy- adopted have enabled the building structure to retain heatinwinter, toretain adopted haveenabled thebuilding structure insulation and air-tightness minimise heat loss through thefabric. insulation andair-tightness minimiseheatlossthrough of andhighlevels theheatingandcoolingprocesses of part is anintegral building structure The incorporated. were environmentally soundfeatures thebuilding andmany of adopted inthedesignandconstruction AN INNOVATIVE LOW ENERGY STRATEGY theKing’sLynn and West Council. Norfolk Borough thehomeof recently, until were, offices The King’s Lynn. of intheheart socialhousingandapublic garden offices, lowenergy of JUNIPER HOUSEISANURBANDEVELOPMENT Features Contact Architect Location Use JUNIPER HOUSE THE BRICKOFFICEBUILDING glazed windows. blinds withinthetriple- byexcessive eavesandinternal heat gain projecting from sheltered lightandare excellent provide working These length. alongitswhole haswindowsrunning topstorey southfacing The building. for situatedsolarpanels thathelpheatthehotwater the are which large boilers andair-conditioning boilers large Improved Glazing Improved Solar Water Heating www.jeremystaceyarchitects.co.uk [email protected] 01366 328735 Jeremy Stacey PE301EX Norfolk, King’s Lynn, Street, Chapel Juniper House, Public Garden Residences & Private Offices, . High insulation levels and Highinsulation levels . a ea ofwithin has ametalroof was was UK’s only turbine with a viewing platform 5 2 visitor include 800m on the environment, the the grounds are an was a conceived by in 1995 attraction is the Enercon E-66 wind turbine with a unique viewing platform located just under the hub. In 1999 it was the UK’s first multi-megawatt wind turbine and one of a new generation of direct drive, Ecotricity.turbines brought to the UK by variable speed wind A 2003. second turbine was opened in July example ofexample how a site can be reclaimed and conservation methods integrated into landscape management. The grounds provide a variety of habitats, wildlife garden orchard. and heritage an organic THE MOST IMPRESSIVE A FORMER BROWN ON BUILT FIELD SITE, partnership of individuals organisations and Breckland led by District Council. It was delivered under the European Social Fund 5b program rural for development Ecotechand handed over to the TrustCharitable in 1998. The centre was in to the public opened 1999. Ecotech Centre provides a comfortable and fascinating venue to visit and work in. Constructed from NorwegianSpruce taken from forests,managed it is believed to contain the largest volume of structuretimber in any in the region. DESIGNED TO BE KINDER DESIGNED TO BE DESIGN FEATURES INNOVATIVE of passive solar glazing, external walls designed to retain heat and prevent condensation, circuits heating and under-floor which heat in the summer.in the winter and cool a All this is controlled by management system.sophisticated building The on-site biomass producedboiler uses locally wood waste the heating system. for THE ECOTECH CENTRE ECOTECH THE

Visitor CentreVisitor Way, Turbine Swaffham, Norfolk, PE37 7HT Lucas Hickman Smith Architects [email protected] 01760 726100 www.ecotech.org.uk Passive Solar Design Heating from Biomass Turbine Large Scale Wind

Location Architect Contact Features Use ECOTECH CENTRE ECOTECH 6 microgeneration at the national trust RAINWATER ISHARVESTED THE NATIONAL TRUST of sustainability for visitors andstaff. for sustainability visitors of model aworking intobothbuildings providing technologies energy renewable hasincorporated Trust The Brancaster. and atSheringhamPark Norfolk coast, ontheNorth centres designed to discharge clean water. clean designed todischarge tanksandis thesceptic plant replaced treatment sewage underground An contribute saving. towater further toiletblock urinals inthenew Waterless toilets. andflushing collected for useinplantpropagation has twovisitor from thebuildings and from boiler for water andspaceheatingatthevisitorcentre. boiler for water fired fuelfor awood-chip of source aready provides timber This economicvalue. marginal timberof grade low- quantitiesof large Hallestatesproduces and plantation woodlandontheSheringhamPark AT , the management of microgeneration at the national trust 7 services is fitted with a photothermal seven solar panel and & Visitor CentreVisitor Park,Sheringham Upper Sheringham,Norfolk, NR26 8TB GroundTom 01263 [email protected] Outdoor Activity Centre Residential www.nationaltrust.org.uk Brancaster Millennium Activity Centre, Dial House, Brancaster Staithe, [email protected] Photovoltaic Panels King's Lynn, Norfolk, PE31 8BW Heating Solar Water Turbine Small Scale Wind Geothermal Heating Bancroft Paul Architects Rainwater Harvesting www.nationaltrust.org.uk 01485 210719 Heating from Biomass photovoltaic panels. These preheat hot water the domestic servicebuilding. and provide the electricity for In a typical year,photovoltaics generate 400kW of the photothermal panel recovers 1300kW of electricity. thermal Additionally, energy generatesbuilding electricity to power low energy and the lighting in the building. turbine installed at the rear a small wind of the THE SOUTH FACING ROOF THE SOUTH FACING SPACE HEATING AND HOT WATER AND HOT HEATING SPACE are supplied by an LPG fuelled high efficiencyare condensing boiler. supplied by Additional energy is recovered fromcreek the mud in a adjacent to means of by the building space heating. for a heat-pump and is used The thermally is use of building by insulated Warmcell insulation. Use Location Architect Contact Features BRANCASTER MILLENNIUM ACTIVITY CENTRE ACTIVITY MILLENNIUM BRANCASTER PARK SHERINGHAM historically known as Dial House,historically a Building Energy heating system is controlled the by System.Management The predicts system responds and to weather conditions and occupancy rates, temperatures adjusting accordingly. IN THE BRANCASTER MILLENNIUM ACTIVITY CENTRE, IN THE BRANCASTER MILLENNIUM 8 meeting the challenges of island life Features Contact Architect Location Use TERNERY HUT Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Insulation Increased Photovoltaic Panels [email protected] 01953 607343 Paul Lucas SmithArchitects Lucas Hickman Brancaster Scolt HeadIsland, Warden Accommodation wildlife habitat. additional and provides landscape thesurrounding recreates roof mono-pitched The building. thetimberframed clads every year tobreed. every thatreturn terns especially acolony of coastalbirds, of range for habitat awide ScoltHeadisavaluable Reserves. Nature Britain’s oldestNational ononeof warden summer resident accommodationfor living a Hutprovides theTernery in 2005, CONSTRUCTED FORENGLISHNATURE PHOTOVOLTAICS SUPPLY THE REMOTENATURE WELSH SOURCED, waste water is filtered through a reed bed. areed through isfiltered water waste isacompostingtoiletand There andkitchen. shower room tothe tosupply water is re-used andrainwater requirements olpoiehg eeso insulation. of highlevels wool provide andsheep’s Recycled newspaper sufficient. building tobeself untreated, Western Red Western Cedar untreated, of the site requires the thesiterequires of the building’s electricity norwich’s enviroment centre 9 e in the centrein the of Norwich, Shop, Café, Meeting Rooms, Office 42-46 Bethel Street, Norwich, NR2 1NR GoddardPaul St. James, Diss, Norfolk, IP22 5TB 01379 652272 [email protected] 01603 631007 www.greenhousetrust.co.uk Heating Solar Water Photovoltaic Panels Increased Insulation Improved Glazing Rainwater Harvesting THE GREENHOUSE Use Location Architect Contact Features of energy efficiency, low-embodied energy such materials as cork, by the removalby oflath/plaster walls. the interior wooden and This are being installed and will be monitored this type to explore for the potential was the first Grade hot water to install a solar in Norfolk on its roof. system II* listed building It has recycled paper insulation, wool provide and excellent and work create to a warm double, with together building triple and quadruple glazing. of micro-generation in Norwich. The demonstrates building in a very practical choices environmental that can be the many way and newapplied to existing architecture. THREE SMALL WIND TURBINES THE GREENHOUSE A NEW OPEN PLAN WAS CREATED WAS A NEW OPEN PLAN RENOVATED TO A HIGH STANDARD RENOVATED A LANDMARK RENOVATION OF A GRADE II* LISTED BUILDING LISTED II* A GRADE OF RENOVATION A LANDMARK the Greenhouse includes a shop, café, courtyard garden,to raise awareness public of and promote issues environmental solutions to climate change. meeting roomsoffice. and an It is run a charitable trust by working a line of panels located on the south elevation. photovoltaic The organic garden is also covered with a glass photovoltaic roof which produces amount of a substantial electricity needs and has the capacity to export the building’s electricity to the unused local grid. constant temperature. High levels of much the open plan design mean that for insulation and ofheating comes from with a gas condensing boiler as a back-up. using the building the people of supply the main the year allows warm air from the south facing rooms to travel freely round to the colder north the building facing rooms keep and a mor I0 energy saving holidays standards and provide luxury holiday accommodation. luxury andprovide standards eco- highspecificationof built toavery cottages are The drinking. for tofilterrainwater permission buildings intheUK tobegranted WATER ISRECYCLED possible andpractical. wherever the existing extended building usingsustainable materials was CONVERTED FROMAREDUNDANTPIGSTY, THREE OWLSFARM COTTAGES and washing. Additional in-line filters are fitted to the kitchen taps. fittedtothekitchen are Additional in-linefilters and washing. for drinking tobeapproved UVfilterenables A allthewater andfiltering. hole afterpre-screening abore itisblended from withpotable water here andtoiletflushing, water for garden reusable using an 18,000 litre rainwater harvesting tank. Normally only Normally tank. harvesting rainwater using an18,000litre HEAT FROMTHEGROUND SOLAR VACUUM TUBES floor acts asaheatsink. floor tiled theterracotta cooling inthesummerwhen unitaids Areversible thecottages. throughout heat exchanger under-floor heating providing viaa horizontal“slinkies” through harnessed are properties geothermal The being used. by WCs. usingdualflush Water isalsoconserved for theaccommodation. installed toheatwater were the first thefirst were Features Contact Architect Location Use FARM COTTAGES THREE OWLS have been is also Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Water Systems Management Heating Geothermal Solar Water Heating 01263 740738 Architects Ecotecture Ian Witcomb NR25 7PD Norfolk, Blakeney, Saxlingham Road, OwlsFarm, Three Holiday Accommodation UK’s 1st earth-sheltered social housing II is located in the Norfolk Norfolk in the is located encourage direct sunlight Private Residence Road, 15-19 Fellowes Honingham, Norfolk HarrallJeremy [SEArch] SEArch Architects 01406 364646 Passive Solar Design Heating Solar Water Earth Sheltering Passive Ventilation which in turn membrane has a tanking installed HONINGHAM EARTH SOCIAL SHELTERED HOUSING SCHEME Use Location Architect Contact Features has allowed conventional foundations to be dispensed foundations has allowed conventional emission buildings with no loss ofemission buildings comfort. Peddars Way 2 are result, the next as demonstrated tenants Garry by and Keron Lawson with average bills ofweekly water. electricity and £1.75 for £3.80 for Housing Association under the auspices of under the auspices Housing Association Group Housing Harrall commissioned Jeremy the Flagship of SEArch Architects to deliver project. their beacon environmental village of Honingham. It is a working model ofdemonstrates deliver that social housing can zeroheated, responsible development environmentally applied to rented and accommodation zero CO with together with subterranean with with together excavation, lintels,development’s negative impact. environmental skirting boards, roof trusses and plastering reducing further the LOW RUNNING COSTS AN EARTH COVERING ENVELOPES THE BUILDING, AN EARTH COVERING STREAMLINING THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS STREAMLINING ORIENTATED SOUTH, THE FOUR SINGLE STOREY DWELLINGS SOUTH, THE FOUR ORIENTATED THE UK’S FIRST EARTHUK’S FIRST THE SCHEME SOCIAL HOUSING SHELTERED to prevent the ingress of water. Between this membrane of and the soil there is a layer reducing the amount of heat lost from the building. 140mm of Further extruded polystyrene energy savings are achieved of with the benefit panels mounted on the roof. solar water heating into the buildings to provideinto the buildings the main heat source while taking advantage of passive ventilation techniques cooling. for The mass of the structure maintains a constant internal temperature, storing heat gained from the sun and then releasing it back into the whenbuildings the outdoor temperature is lower than that indoors. I2 21st century church idu ftene osta xml fgood environmental stewardship. theneedtoset anexample of mindful of authoritiesare thechurch simpleeconomicconsiderations from Apart listed buildings. the resulting building will prove to be carbon neutral orbetter. tobecarbonneutral building willprove the resulting anditishopedthat energy fuelledbyheating andelectricalinstallationsare renewable The thesetting. of localmaterialsandcontribute tothecharacter use traditional for a new Church were approved. were Church for anew In2003plans totheshrine. visitors of numbers became inadequatefor theincreasing theAnnunciation of the50year oldParish Church years Inrecent year. pilgrims each VISITED BYLARGENUMBERS HEAT DRAWN FROMBELOWGROUND THE EXTERIOROFNEWBUILDING AT THECENTRE LITTLE and aneducationalresource. efficiency energy tobeapioneeringexemplar willprove of 2006, duefor completioninOctober itishopedthatthechurch, year, of electricity for the building. Any surplus isfedintothenationalgrid. Any surplus electricityfor thebuilding. of 10.5kWmaximumoutput thesiteprovide of therear slopetowards roof south facing pump and distributed to under floor heating. 132 solar cells, covering 91m covering 132solarcells, pump anddistributed heating. tounderfloor of an important conservation area the site is surrounded by thesiteissurrounded area conservation animportant of in Norfolk isaspiritualhomefor thousandsof ftouristseach of is upgraded by a17.5kWheat is upgraded has beendesignedto 2 ona , Features Contact Designer Location Use ANNUNCIATION OF THE THE CHURCH Photovoltaic Panels Heating Geothermal 01328 821590 Anthony Rossi NR22 6DB Norfolk, Little Walsingham, Place, Friday Market Worship Place of carbon free education I3 Research Institute & Educational University of East Anglia, Norwich Ltd RMJM Cambridge Martyn Newton [Assistant Director, UEA Facilities] 01603 592052 Passive Solar Design Photovoltaic Panels Increased Insulation Improved Glazing Passive Ventilation THE ZICER BUILDING THE ZICER Use Location Architect Contact Features buildings in Europe,buildings ZICER incorporates high thermal-mass for Connective Researchfor Environmental (ZICER) is part of the School of the first ever Low in the building is providedin the building recycled aggregates in its Termodeck concrete passively.Termodeck heating and cooling the building slabs for It has triple and quadruple glazed windows and its insulation rates are of far in excess current UK standards. Energy Building of Award, the Year the Carbon as sponsored by Trust, 2005. in November foundations and timber fromfoundations sources managed in its construction. Environmental Sciences at the UniversityEnvironmental of East Anglia in Norwich. THE BUILDING USES ELECTRICITY FOR USE THE ZICER BUILDING WON ONE OF THE MOST ENERGY-EFFICIENT THE ZUCKERMANN INSTITUTE by a 32.8kW arrayby of photovoltaic cells. In the summer months the system exports to the national grid. A ventilation heat recovery system using a regenerative is 86 per heat exchanger cent efficient in recovering the heat from and keeps ventilation air conditioning to a minimum. I4 architect’s dream home concrete. filledwith bricks giantpolystyrene from andisconstructed store athermal provides lightexcept theplantandutilityrooms. natural benefitfrom Allrooms setting. inalandscaped softenthebuilt form plants ontheroof Sedum inwintermonths. allowingsolargain solarshadingin summermonthswhile provide THE DWELLING A GEOTHERMALHEAT PUMP SUPER INSULATED TOREDUCE THE CURVEDROOFCANTILEVERS ORIENTATED DUESOUTH, BUILT BYTHEARCHITECT with the first floor projecting outward to maximise natural light to the main living spaces. lighttothemainliving tomaximisenatural outward projecting floor with thefirst heat pump exchanges this energy to provide for heatingsystem. anunderfloor toprovide heat pumpexchanges thisenergy andthe theground takesheatfrom Buriedpipework tariff. electricity boughtonagreen aaeadastigro.I sroe ihgasadfotdwt ls,with some landscape. Norfolk toblend flints inwiththesurrounding traditional adouble withglass, andfronted withgrass Itisroofed alibrary, astudy, and asittingroom. garage bathrooms, two four bedrooms, thishouseincludes family, has low-water use taps and recycles rainwater for thetoilets. rainwater andrecycles usetaps has low-water sapraetrsdnefrhmefandhis for himself residence as apermanent 75% of the dwelling is buried in a grassy bank isburied inagrassy thedwelling 75% of provides heating and hot water with heatingandhotwater provides heating requirements, the structure thestructure heating requirements, past the first floor living room to room living floor past thefirst Features Contact Architect Location Use HILL HOUSE Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Sheltering Earth Heating Geothermal 01603 666151 C &MPartnership Tom Ground Residence Private holiday homes made of straw I5 Natural Holiday Accommodation Holiday Haveringland Hudson Anthony 020 7490 3411 [email protected] www.hudsonarchitects.co.uk Straw Bale Insulation were obtained within a 5 mile radius of QUAKER BARNS Use Location Architect Contact Features to fill what was open storage. once The walls are veiled are part of a former large farm complex, building which farms like many in the 1980s came into disuse.1980s came In 2002, the cart grain shed and storagebarn weredwellings converted and rented lets. as holidays into two externally by fibreglassexternally by the original oak frame. panels that span INTERNALLY THE TWO BARNS DIFFER IN THEIR TREATMENT. THE TWO BARNS INTERNALLY The larger two-storey barn respect pays to the original barn structure whereas the smaller barn is more of which together since it ties two buildings were a hybrid once separate. materials such Local as knapped brick flint and exposed are used as interior finishes. QUAKER BARNS QUAKER USED BALE WAS STRAW APPARENT. OPENINGS ARE IMMEDIATELY NO WINDOW light penetrates through set into the depth opaque windows of the straw bale walls. on the Windows gardenssouth side open up onto and are oak or frameless units sliding in simple glazed double steel frames. car window seals provide draughtproofing Reused whilehigh glass pantiles bringing level interior. light into the THE MAJORITY OF MATERIALS AND SUPPLIERS USED THE MAJORITY OF MATERIALS the barns. The was intention sources, to use sustainable have high levels of insulation and advantageous solar orientation for gain and energy to keep both building down. costs I6 norfolk home powered by the wind! tefi n ftedthsna h ubn,suggesting thatthewind onthewildlife. effect turbine hasnothadanegative neartheturbine, theditches inoneof itself voleshasestablished water Acolony of wildlifepond. created into anewly as possible.” asmuch havetobeoff lightsandotherappliances islittleornowind, there When ourelectricity supplymanaging wewouldsay wasted. novoltisever thenationalgridand completely for responsible from independent “After beingtotally accordingly. Bowns haveadjustedtheirlives Mrs as possible in selecting the materials for the building work and services for thedwelling. andservices as possible inselectingthematerialsfor thebuilding work theenvironment asfar mindfultorespect very were They itin2002. John renovating andCillaBownssetabout shedwhen cart MORE AWARE THANMOST RAINWATER ISCOLLECTED INSTEAD OFCONNECTING STANDING IN17ACRES Features Contact Location Use DRAGONFLIES to boost the battery atothertimes. to boostthebattery isused A generator theyear. electricity for thehomefor many monthsof therequired turbinesuppliesallof The blend inwiththesurroundings. to green 16mhighmast isolive The they installeda6.5kWwindturbine. Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Small ScaleWind Turbine 01603 761660 c/o CPRENorfolk NR21 0JL Norfolk, , Road, Residence Private of beautiful countryside and adjoining the river , ‘Dragonflies’ was a dilapidated adilapidated was ‘Dragonflies’ Stiffkey, andadjoiningtheriver beautifulcountryside of the building tothenationalgrid from the roof and channelled andchannelled theroof from ftevleo oe,Mr and power, of thevalue of built in four days, solar energy for life! I7 Private Residence The Rowens, Downham Market, Norfolk, PE38 9HR Huf-Haus 01932 586550 T A Millards 01603 610916 J Breheny 01449 720282 HufPeter [Huf-Haus] T A Millards J Breheny Contractors Ltd Passive Solar Design Heating Solar Water BLITHE HOUSE Use Location Contact Architect Consulting Engineers Groundworks Features specialising in prefabricatedspecialising house design. The houses aretailored to a high specification are proud the owners of first the UK’s Huf heating. House with solar Mr. Guerin to prepare before the Huf workmen arrived with the house on the back of several trucks. emissions balance. 2 of posts, beams and glass, air tight and very house is both extremely the thermally efficient. with an impressive CO to suit the needs ofto suit the the owners and the surrounding landscape. A Huf architecture Solar Home incorporates the very best of Huf Large areas of south and west maximize use of glazing to the the sun.reflect heat to provide when cooling required. Overhanging eaves provide shade and external blinds Internal and external sensors environment ensure a constant temperature that is maintained. SOLAR PANELLING CONNECTS SOLAR PANELLING A STRIKING DESIGN THE SITE TOOK 3 MONTHS THE SITE TOOK 3 HUF-HAUS ARE A GERMAN COMPANY ARE A GERMAN HUF-HAUS PIERRE AND ROSALIE GUERIN ROSALIE AND PIERRE boiling system, providing hot water to the house. The south facing roof is wiredto be installed in the future. photovoltaics for visited Germany work to take a look at the twice of German the decided to invest. and company The property Market in Downham is the firstof its kind in Norfolk. It took just four days to assemble and make watertight to assemble days It took just four and a further two to three to install the internal months fittings beforemoved in. the couple I8 the UK’s only wind powered bookshop! of investing in renewable energy. investing inrenewable of value andlongterm ontheshort view isSimon’s This feelinggood”. of years and got years but I’ve to pay for itself investment –theturbinewilltakeyears theinitialfinancial of the shock outweighs far source renewable natural a seeingpowercominginfrom of “FOR METHEREWARD 12,000 kW/hr. approximately produced, bookshop are thehouseand electrical needsof HALF THEANNUAL POWER THE TURBINESTARTS TOGENERATE THE 6KWTURBINE FREELANCE SOUNDENGINEER used toheatwater. Any excess poweris household andbookshopistoogreat. the theelectricaldemandfrom hasnopowerorif the battery conventional mainssupply isonly The usedif mains circuits. feeds240voltAC intothehouseholdandbookshop which ubn ntegre fhishouseandbookshop. of turbine inthegarden awind withtheinstallationof self-sufficiency energy towards hetookastep In1999, hasan energy. inwindpowered interest SimonBrocklehurst, children’s bookshopowner, turbine is quiet and reliable as it does not require agearbox. asitdoesnotrequire turbine isquietandreliable andthe orTVinterference wooden blades causenoradio The pole. by cylindrical a9metre andissupported metres at a wind speed of 6mph, charging abattery, charging 6mph, at awindspeedof a oo imtro 5.6 diameterof has arotor and specialist Features Contact Installer Location Use BOOK CENTRE NORFOLK CHILDREN’S Small ScaleWind Turbine www.r-wind.co.uk www.ncbc.co.uk 01263 761402 [email protected] [email protected] 01560 485570 Energy Proven NR117HB Norfolk, Norwich, Alby, Residence Shop &Private national sustainability winner! I9 ty. and embodied with windows on all sides to maximize solar gain.with windows on all sides to maximize solar A collects rainwater from the roof and filters storage it for in a tank under cooking and a supplementary radiator are system an Esse oil fired provided cooker by an airtight structure and the use of most of fuel for non-fossil the heating has resulted in his own house, Colin Williams, addressed of issues sustainability at every opportunity. Lime House took

Private Residence 52a Dereham Road, Mattishall, Norfolk, NR20 3NS Building Consultancy Colin Williams 01362 850171 Colin Williams Heating from Biomass Increased Insulation Passive Ventilation Rainwater Harvesting emissions of half approximately of those of a typical modern house. the temperature When outside is zero, the 2

Location Contact Designer Features Use LIME HOUSE LIME total space heating requirement is just 6k. the flowerbeds in the front garden. flushing toilets, It is used for washing clothes and garden uses. energy, and to create internal a healthy environment. Using lime mortar to construct about 60% of the wallsto be reclaimed, will allow the bricks an equivalent saving of 3500 gallons of petrol.with plant-based paints. The internal newspaper Recycled walls are the walls insulates and roof. with lime plaster and decorated finished Carpets using European are and Redwood avoided by pamment tiles flooring. Norfolk GOOD INSULATION, calculated CO A RAINWATER RECOVERY SYSTEM A RAINWATER MATERIALS WERE SELECTED TO MINIMISE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT TO MINIMISE ENVIRONMENTAL WERE SELECTED MATERIALS DOMESTIC HOT WATER, THE GROUND FLOOR IS LARGELY OPEN PLAN THE GROUND FLOOR IS LARGELY WHEN BUILDING five years and build, to design housing in the UK in 2002. self-build competition for winning the Norwich and Peterborough connected to a thermal storage tank. Stored water, surplus by heated largely heat from the cooker,radiator system in the morning when the wood burner and cooker are cold. circulates around the It stores around enough hot water for 4 hours. small wood burner using local waste wood provides most of the space heating. Warm natural air circulates to the by convection first floor. Natural ventilation of the bathrooms and kitchen a passive is achieved ventilation system which by uses no electrici DESIGNED ON THE PRINCIPLES of Vedic architecture, Jasmine House is the first of its kind in Norfolk. JASMINE HOUSE According to the ancient system of Sthapatya Veda, a house that is correctly designed and built to be in harmony with its natural Use Private Residence environment will look beautiful and be a fortune-creating home for those who live in it. Location Blakeney

ORIENTATION, PLACEMENT & PROPORTION Owners Marion & Francis Chalmers are critical. The main entrance faces due east, the direction of the Architect Michael Brackenbury rising sun and rooms are placed to correspond with the Earth’s Design Maharishi Sthapatya Veda changing energy cycles. Builder Tim Hewitt

DESIGNED TO BE HEATED BY THE SUN, the Contact Marion Chalmers earth walls retain solar energy through the day and radiate warmth to 01263 741028 the inside of the house in the cooler evening. Overhangs on the first floor and roofing give protection from the high sun, preventing Features Passive Solar Design overheating. Large full-length windows give natural cross ventilation Solar Water Heating and allow cooling. Heating from Biomass Rammed Earth Construction

JASMINE HOUSE IS THE FIRST structural rammed earth house in Norfolk with the walls on the ground floor made of locally sourced earth and sand. The mix is breathable but has a high thermal capacity, retaining heat but keeping the interior cool during hot weather. The upper storey of the house is a timber frame structure, faced with cedar boarding. The majority of materials used in the construction of the earth walls were sourced from within a 20 mile radius. All materials and labour were sourced locally where possible.

fortune-creating home A VERY EFFICIENT CONDENSING BOILER provides a back-up, but even in winter an even temperature inside the house is maintained for some time before internal generation of heat is required. A wood burning stove supplied with local wood is a further alternative.

THREE LARGE SOLAR PANELS on the south side of the roof provide plenty of hot water whenever there is enough sun and supplement the conventional system at other times.

THE HOUSE WON the Daily Telegraph Homebuilding and Renovating Magazine Best Ecological Home 2004 and the 20 Environment Award for Green Buildings 2003. appendix

II Solar Water Heating Water I II Solar Passive Solar Design IIIIV Biomass Heating From V Geothermal Heating VI Panels Photovoltaic VII Turbines Wind VIII Increased Insulation Ventilation IX Earth Sheltering X Passive Improved Glazing XIXII Management Systems Water Rainwater Harvesting

green buildings on the features of in Norfolk in Norfolk Further information

Buildings Buildings Green I passive solar design dioxide savings. alongsideenvironmental annualfuelbillscanbecutby a third, about buildings, solardesignintonew passive By incorporating CONCLUSION intothehouse. isdrawn which wall, ing totheintervening s direct theventilation airandprovides preheats insulationfor thehouse, actsasextra A well-designed conservatory designandmat siting, als used. thehouse, onthesizeof dependent annualheatingbills-although thisisstrongly onanolderh could saveupto20%of aconservatory theinstallationof houses, innew solardesigncanbestbeachieved passive Although thebenefitsof orheatinganunoccupiedroom. thanleavingheatingonallday, efficient energ –thiscanbemore necessary andwhere heatingsystemshouldbeinstalledtoautomatically zoned cutinwhen A responsive, s They stores). also havesmallerwindowstominimiseheatloss. utilityrooms, bathrooms, hallways, thebuilding (i.e. Rooms thatdono of sunlightshouldbeplacedtothenorth need tobenefitfrom thedwelling. shouldbeonthesouthsideof mostsunlight, thosethatrequire i.e. usedrooms mostfrequently The and avoidscoldconditionsduringthewinter. overheatingduringthesummer massprevents thermal intothebuilding atnight–suitable then released and duringdaylight hours the suntobe‘soakedup’ shouldallow walls masswithinthemasonry thermal The heatingperiod. evening sundelaying the lateafternoon southwillcatch west of thoseorientated while sun, morning from benefit more southwill south-housesorientatedeastof 30° of thebuilding shouldbewithin mainorientationof The KEY PRINCIPLES solardesign. inpassive part large ventilationfor coolingwithwindowsplayingnatural a solardesignscanalsoinclude Passive the sun’s heat. andslowly mass) thatabsorb release materials (thermal windowsandbuilding south-facing aslarge such atthedesignstage canbeincorporated Simple features theneedfor heating.thus reducing buildings tocollectthesun’s heat, planningof careful by thesun, from directly thatcanbederived energy solardesigntriestooptimisetheamountof Passive INTRODUCTION olar heat- carbon hould ouse eri- y t solar water heating II ipes in in the as the ontroller mestic hot - 2 (depending on the size of house, of type 2 4m COSTS INVOLVED The cost of installing a solar hot water system ranges a DIY system, from £500 - £1500 for approximately a commercially installed to £2000 - £5000 for system. These prices,the size of the system. however, are dependent on For a family of a family For four, adesigned Solar Thermal well between 1,500kWh and system should contribute 2,000kWh, which will be equivalent 40 - 50% of to the household's water heating energy needs. collector, etc.). A typical installation in the UK has a panel ofA typical installation in the UK has a panel 3m PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS the roofIdeally the effects should be south facing but of orientation away from south are not particularly critical.collectors can be faced anywhere from south-east to most solar heating applications, For south-west. The hot water an electric immersion contains tank usually use. winter heater for The circulation system includes an electronic c roof arrays. mounted The hot fluid is circulated hot water to the house’s cylinder where the heat energy is transferred do to the water system. Industrial and commercialapplications exist. also normal domestic hot water cylinder pumped circulation and a system which includes sensors and a circulating pump. which switches the pump on or off depending on the temperature difference fluid between the collector and the water in the solar tank. TYPICAL DOMESTIC SYSTEM DOMESTIC SYSTEM TYPICAL is comprised ofA typical domestic system a roof mounted array collecting the solar energy, for storage a tank which often doubles DEFINITION The term Solar Thermal Energy applied to a system where commonly is most energy solar a fluid is used to heat passing through p III heating from biomass ees.Teisalto utcml ihalsft n uligadsft euain.I thebuilding islistedorinanarea isfi aflue before withyour PlanningDepartment thenyou LocalAuthority willneedtocheck If beauty (AONB), outstanding natural installationmustcomply withallsafetyandbuilding andsafetyregulations. The refers). COSTS INVOLVED PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS stoves such Generally 6-12kW. feedcanbeusedwithpellets. Automatic have anoutputof orwoodlogs. chips wood woodpellets, of fuelcantaketheform The neededfor ahouseaswell. thehotwater mostof canprovide boilers back Stoveswithlarge astovewithboiler. require To heatingyou wi andcentral domestichotwater heatyour andprovide room moststoveswillbesuitable. To heatyour only, room do. you your onwhat want syste stovetoinstalldepends typeof The asustainable source. thefuelshouldcomefrom energy, renewable For of awoodstovetobesource insmokelessareas. even an shouldmeanthatwoodcanbeburnt appliances burning clean new thananopenfire, efficient more A stoveismuch biomassathomeisby usingawoodstove. mostobvious way tomakeuseof The WOOD BURNINGSTOVES intobiofuels. canalsobeconverted They heatorpower. toproduce directly can beburned Such maize) tofossil fuels. –incontrast recently matterrelatively living materialsthatwere comesfrom Bioenergy cane, sugar asrape, (such crops energy and animalwastes. straw, aswood, materialssuch from derived for energy term isthe general Bioenergy INTRODUCTION prto fthestove. of operation loading andalocalfuelsupplier. o edsse fthesamesizewouldbeslightly cheaper. A manual feedsystemof log andcommissioning. theflue thecostof including £5000 installed, house)pellet boilerwouldcostaround semi-detached for athree-bedroom sizerequired atypical20kW(average onthefuelchoice; depending varies costfor boilers The cost£1500-£3000installed. generally heaters room Standalone fixed. installation andcommissioningcoststendtobefairly live in an area that doesn't have a gas supply. thatdoesn'thaveagas inanarea live you if favourable costswillbemore therunning rule Asageneral supplier. A C L F R e a l u c u p g c n e e i a n t . s l a i

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geothermal heating IV ost by heat e is a erature his heat t, at least GSHPs are underfloor heating systems which for most suitable require temperatures of 30 to 35 °C. .. mm ee tt ss yy This works on the same principles as a refrigerator. transfers heat exchanger A heat from the water/antifreeze mixture . Normally made up of lengths of in the ground, plastic pipe buried either in a borehole or a horizontal trench. ss

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aa ee ee ee hh hh HH TT TT in the ground loop to the refrigerant which evaporates. compressor A to increase is then used the pressure and so raise the temp until the refrigerant condenses. condenser gives A up heat to a hot water tank which system. then feeds the distribution will be very dependant on property and location. The cost of a professionally installed GSHP is about £1000 per kW. typical 8kW system therefore A costs about £8,000. The actual c COSTS INVOLVED THE THREE MAIN ELEMENTS TO A GSHP SYSTEM THE THREE MAIN ELEMENTS TO However, the term geothermal energy used to describe heat energy is also from the ground near the earth’s surface warmed the by GSHPs take advantage of the fact a that few metres below the surface the groundconstant maintains a temperature throughout year. the In the UK this temperature 11-13°C. is In winter this temperature is warmer than the air above ground. GSHPs are used to extract this heat and transfer it to a wherebuilding heat is required. circulating water deep underground, where hot rocks. naturally it is heated by Thereenergyare provides certain only a practical generating for option electricity, in the world places where t in parts example for of the USA,no – but and the Philippines Kenya at present, in the UK. of the sun. This UK using a Ground in the can be exploited Source Heat Pump [GSHP].input the energy gain from the ground should be several times greater than the electrical energy needed to drive the pump. require Although the pump does electrical an to extractGSHPs can be used heat from the ground a and pump it into to providebuilding and space heating to pre-heat hot water. domestic In the summer months this process can be reversed to meet the cooling requirements of a building. GROUND SOURCE HEAT GROUND SOURCE PUMP SYSTEM INTRODUCTION Geothermal energy thought of is usually as heat energy derived from the depths of the earth. can be generated Heat and electricity Horizontal trenches are to a depth drilled of 1 to 2 metres; boreholes are drilled to a depth of between 15 and 100 metres. The pip closed loop, which a water is filled with antifreeze and mixture. V photovoltaic panels These can provide shading as well as generating electricity. shadingaswellgenerating canprovide These topanelsand andglass. cellsthatcanbeusedonconservatories transparent tiles, ranging `solartiles'thatlooklikeroof grey from and colours, shapes of PV modulescomeinavariety tothegrid. back augments theNationalGridsupply andany excess isexported AC supply The toAC usinganinverter. converted is normally installedfor thehomethenDCoutput When photovoltaicsare maintained. batteriessothatacontinuousDCsupply canbe a setof Itisoftenusedtocharge duringdaylight hours. electrical energy willonly provide course, of aDCoutputand, systemprovides The HOW PVSYSTEMSWORK arrays. themselves becombinedintolarger can combinedintomoduleswhich they applications are practical for most small, asinglesolarcellisvery be obtainedfrom Since theelectricalpowerthatcan sunlighttoelectricity. convert PVcells(orsolarcells) light. Photovoltaic meanselectricityfrom WHAT ISPVENERGY? problem. The wiring and components of the system should also be checked regularly by aqualifiedtechnician. regularly the systemshouldalsobe checked wiring and componentsof The problem. doesnotbecome trees andthatshadefrom clean relatively kept thatthepanelsare gridconnectedsystemsmustensure of Owners NECESSARY MAINTENANCE more competitive. more soPVwilleventually become expensive, power plantsbecomesmore fossil fuelled electricityfrom andthecostof develops the market comingdownyear by pricesare year as However, £9000 perkWp. very stillhighat£6000- socostsare techniques sophisticated production theuseof PVcellsrequires of manufacture The an average household. theelectricityconsumptionof 50%of is roughly which 1500kWhperyear, around A typical2kWpsystemgenerates COSTS INVOLVED a wind turbines VI site is a y DC ator. d source ectricity. It he grid. No ly company. ly COSTS INVOLVED The of cost up to 1kW is about £3000. small scale wind systems for Larger systems installed.between 1.5kW and 6kW can cost £4000-£18000 battery For storage systems, a typical batterylasts around 6-10 years before a replacement is needed. Electromagnetic interference with television reception a problem and usually is not remedialany cheap. action is simple and Ideally thereIdeally should be a clear, smooth fetch to the prevailing wind, e.g. over open water, smooth ground or on a smooth hill. The and well clear turbine should be mounted as high as possible of obstructions. You should try impact of to minimise the environmental You the turbine and it will be helpful to inform neighbours your of at an early plans your stage. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF INSTALLATION PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Small scale turbines are now becoming available which are domestic for intended applications. Planning permission must be sought before it would be installation and valuablelocal district council. to talk to a planning officer at your Knowledge ofKnowledge the local wind is critical to designing a wind energy system and predicting output. domestic installations a goo For PREFERRED LOCATIONS FOR WIND TURBINES PREFERRED LOCATIONS Every the wind speed, double time you the energy increases eight times. This indicates why high wind speed regions are chosen to wind turbines. Some of in the UK are the best places the north west oftechnology has developed have reduced and system costs sites. it has become more to locate wind turbines in less windy feasible Scotland, north and Cornwall. and south west Wales However, as of information database which on local wind speeds is the NOABL Energy can be accessed from Wind the British Association. WHAT IS A WIND TURBINE AND HOW IS IT USED? HOW AND TURBINE IS A WIND WHAT The place in Europe UK is the windiest one of and wind power is promising the most renewable energy technologies. turbine A wind In a grid based system a special inverterIn a grid based system and controller converts at a quality and standard acceptable the DC output to AC to t set of mast. mounted on a tall designed blades aerodynamically The rotate past them and drive blades a DC gener as the wind blows Grid. to the National stand alone or be connected Systems can systems, In stand alone be used directly suppl to the DC output may equipment,lighting or electrical be used to charge or it may the turbine can provide batteries so that of supply a continuous el this system with a diesel generatoris also common to combine of use during periods for low wind speeds. battery storage is required. electricity can be exported unused or excess Any sold to the local electricity supp to the grid and INTRODUCTION To minimize heat loss in a building it is necessary to consider all interfaces between the inside and the outside, that is, the walls, roof, windows, doors and the ground floor. The 1995 Building Regulations required minimum U-values of 0.25W/m2/°C for the roof and 0.45W/m2/°C for the walls and floor. However to achieve the goal of a house which requires little or no space heating, insulation to prevent heat loss needs to be far more effective. In addition it is most important that the building is airtight – otherwise other efforts to insulate the building will be wasted.

CHOICE OF INSULATION MATERIALS There is a wide range of materials available for insulation. Several factors need to be taken into account in selecting which material to use. These include: cost, availability, thermal properties, fire resistance, health issues, ability to be recycled and ‘embodied energy’ (the energy used up in the collection, manufacture and distribution of the material).

Types of renewable insulation that are available include:

Cellulose Currently the most common renewable insulation material in the UK. Made from waste paper. The cheapest option.

Sheep’s wool Ideal for use in breathable roofs and timber framed walls as it can absorb (and release) more than 1/3 of its own weight in moisture. It can therefore control condensation in the insulated cavity. It has low embodied energy and is completely biodegradable.

Flax Flax is mainly used in the production of linseed oil but the short fibres of the plant can be used for insulation.

increased insulation Hemp Thought to have great potential as an insulation product. Increasingly used in the car industry as a superior product to synthetic materials. Hemp is a fibre crop well adapted for cultivation in the UK.

Cork Has been available for some time as an insulation product, mainly in the form of floor or wall tiles. However cork insulation boards are still not widely available at building supply firms in the UK.

Cotton Not suitable for growing in the UK. However, using waste cotton and other fibres as an insulation product is a possibility.

Straw Bale An excellent insulator and gaining in popularity, straw bales are cheap to buy and easy to build with. Stacked like huge bricks, straw bale wall systems can be erected quickly without much building experience and few power tools. Soundproof and breathable, they allow a gradual transfer of air through the wall. VII earth sheltering VIII

ntages. The easiest method is to build into a hillside, so that three sides and the roof of are whilstbuilding buried the a fourth glass to side is mainly gain maximum sunlight. METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION Buildings can be coveredBuildings can in plants, to conserve helping the countryside around,insulator, the earth and secondly savings in energy. huge allowing acts as a massive covering INTRODUCTION Earth of with a layer building means covering a Sheltering basically earth which as a kind of acts blanket. This main adva has two IX improved glazing your room, conserving more heat. more conserving your room, into heatback metallic coatingthatreflects LowEglasshasaspecialinvisible window. anexisting you replace now befittedwhenever low (lowE)doubleemissivity glazedwindowsmust To meettheBuildingRegulations, LOW EMISSIVITYCOATINGS be evacuated. may ortheairmay befilledwithaheavygas thespacebetweenglasspanes effects, enhancethese To further sound proofing. willalsoassistin – althoughthesefeatures tripleoreven heatloss glazedprimarily toreduce quadruple double, Windows are pane. betweeneach withairgaps glass, one paneof than glazingcontainsmore efficient Energy INTRODUCTION passive ventilation X use and ed and ilation is Cross ventilation occurs when openings are placed on opposite sides of so that wind pressure a building pushes air through the room spaces. It is clearly dependent on there some wind, being and wind in a certain direction. Stack ventilation relies on the fact that as air becomes warmer, its density decreases and it becomes more buoyant. name As the suggests, the creation stack ventilation involves of stacks or atria in with vents at high level.buildings becomes warmer As air due to internal and solar heat gains, and thus it becomes more buoyant rises up the stacks where at high level. it is exhausted In doing this a draught is created which draws in fresh air at low level to replace the warm air that has been displaced. Stack ventilation has the beauty of being self regulating - when heat gains are building at their largest, the ventilation flow rate will also be at its largest, due forces. to the large buoyancy However,important ventilation becomes an issue in the design of schools used for larger other places of and buildings commercial office blocks, learning, large stores and supermarkets. Passive ventilation in such means making use of buildings shape building Adequate ventilation can normallyAdequate ventilation be achieved opening a window, by a door, and possibly to create a through draught.of The movement runningassisted by the air can also be a small extractor fan. PRINCIPLES VENTILATION PASSIVE There are of two basic ways achieving effective natural ventilation: cross ventilation and stack ventilation. Of the two, stack vent where we are normallyto need ventilation are likely kitchen the areas. and the bathroom/WC design to produce sufficient natural the use of ventilation without powered electrically fans. generally more predictable and reliable. Thisis because, unlike cross-ventilation,direction. stack ventilation is not dependent on wind spe INTRODUCTION In general terms, has not been considered ventilation the average issue for a significant design house. Thein the ho places only XI water management systems are not practical for normal domestic useduetotheirsizeandexpense. for normal notpractical are these However andinaeroplanes). toilet(asused ontrains or avacuum toilet –thiscouldbeacomposting looking atinstallingawaterless probably you are consumption stillfurther water you toreduce wanted If WATERLESS TOILETS away. onthematerialtobeflushed depending volume flush orfull toselectareduced allowingusers toiletshavetwobuttons, These DUAL FLUSHTOILETS byreduced 10-15%. consumpt ithasbeenestimatedthathouseholdwater By placingasuitably inthecistern, sizedplasticbottlefilledwithwater THE SIMPLESTWAY OFACHIEVINGLOWFLUSH (60%reduction). perperson 50to20litres usage inatoiletfrom daily water theaverage canpotentially reduce volumes which Water toiletsu efficient to6litres. 1999Water The Regulations installed cisterns limited allnewly perflush. general 9 or7.5litres UKtoiletcisterns standard Inthepast, perday for WC perperson flushing. water of 50litres householdusesabout Every inthehomefollowing weusewater proportions: Onaverage in2006. person/day in1960to150litre 75litres/person/day usehasdoubled from domesticwater hygiene andcleanliness, of Due tohigherstandards INTRODUCTION te ss4% 9% Other uses Wash basin 16% Baths andshowers 21% 33% Washing machines Flushing thetoilet se even smaller se even ion canbe ly used s/ rainwater harvesting XII

ed igation used in that they . Less ambitious schemes would be more practical. 3 of water and require per year a rain collection area of about three times the area of the 3 The rainwater via a header tank which to sinks and WCs would incorporatebe distributed can also mains water back up. In most schemes a pump is required to transport the stored water to the point of use. settling tank collects silts and ensures A pipes and pumps.do not block distribution Finer filtration is used prior to draw off points such as garden watering taps and irr hose connections. average house roof and storage capacity of 30m household of could use around four 240m MAKING USE OF RAINWATER collect enough rainwaterOne can easily to meet normal gardening needs, it estimated that a household needs to meet all your but More are complicated systems available also rainwater that can be used to collect from larger roof areas, hard paved and landscap COLLECTION OF RAINWATER COLLECTION Collecting rainwater a wateras simple as positioning can be underneath butt a roof down pipe. gutter collected and can be Water the garden chores. household or for areas. 2I everyone can make a difference oemr nryefcet nrsos oSatEeg’ efe,they 2001toheattheirwater.had asolarinstallationfittedinApril leaflet, Energy’s toSmart Inresponse efficient. energy home more Chris Wilson-Town tothinkseriously howthey about couldmaketheir difficult todo.”difficult Andit’s not usage. people’senergy tothecostof significant difference itwouldmakea built houseinNorfolk withsolarpanels, was new every if that believe “Ifirmly Chrisconcludes, theirsuppliers. from reimbursements regular billsandreceived on their gas have savedconsiderably Sinceinstallingthe systemthey havebeengoing down.” ours going up, SALLY POINTSOUT ON SUNNYDAYS, THE HOUSEHASNOSOUTHFACING ROOF, VISITING FRIENDSINGERMANY RENEWABLE ENERGY h oa ytmcno esoe,thebenefits havebeennoticeable. the solarsystemcannotbestored, from hotwater where property, Eveninthiseast-facing main boilertank. 25°Candsowillbefedintothe thesolar tank may from only reach water days, cloudy Onvery remains thewater machine. enoughtobeusedfor thewashing warm Duringthenight, theday. untiltheendof morning mid around 70°Corhigherfrom reaching housewithtemperatures whole and the system is operated by box acontrol and thesystemisoperated intheairingcupboard. tankintheloft storage connectedtoa150litre are These solar gain. thehousetomaximise of andback placedonthefront two panelswere o e x p a p m o r p t l u e n

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Features Contact Installers Location Use 47 SANDYLANE Solar Water Heating 0800 0266999 Energy Smart NR8 6JT Norwich, Taverham, 47 Sandy Lane, Residence Private