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Roadmap for Cooperation on Research and Education with China 2018–2020

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Roadmap for Cooperation on Research and Education with China 2018–2020 Roadmap for cooperation on research and education with China 2018–2020 This roadmap summarises the status of cooperation on research and education with China and identifies which thematic areas are particularly relevant as a basis for cooperation in the years ahead. > In 2016, China surpassed the US in terms of published research in science and engineering. > Since 2000 China has greatly increased its share of publications in the world’s top Harbin Institute 1% cited S&E publications. of Technology > China has doubled its investment in Harbin research activities in terms of share of GDP, from one per cent in 2001 to more than two per cent in 2015. China’s GDP has grown Chinese Academy Peking of Sciences (CAS) University tenfold during the same period. Chinese Academy of of Social Beijing > Since 2000, the annual number of PhDs Sciences (CASS) Chinese Academy Tsinghua in China has quadrupled to 40 000. of Agricultural University Sciences (CAAS) World’s largest educational system Xi'an Jiaotong Nanjing University (XJTU) University Shanghai Jiao Tong Xi'an Nanjing University (SJTU) – Fudan University University of Science and Shanghai > China is home to the world’s largest edu- Technology of China (USTC) Hefei cational system, awarding twice as many Hangzhou Polar Research Institution of China (PRIC) bachelor’s degrees as the US each year. Zhejiang University > The number of ordinary higher education institutions in China increased from 1 071 in 1999 to 2 596 in 2016. > China’s student population grew from 8.8 million in 1999 to 29 million in 2016. > Each year 15 000 engineers earn a PhD, the most of any country in the world. Universities C9 League Universities. Other important institutions Bachelor’s degree awards in S&E fields, by selected region, Doctoral degree awards in S&E fields, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–14 country, or economy: 2000–14 (Thousands) (Thousands) (Thousands) 70 70 1800 60 1600 60 50 1400 50 1200 40 1000 40 30 800 30 600 20 20 400 10 200 10 0 0 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 China United States South Korea China United States South Korea China United States South Korea EU-Top 8 Japan and Taiwan EU-Top 8 Japan and Taiwan EU-Top 8 Japan and Taiwan Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2018 Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2018 In 2017 China has doubled its investment Since 2000, China has quad- in research activities in terms of 8 000 000 rupled its annual number of share of GDP, from one per cent students graduated from PhDs in 2001 to more than two per Chinese universities. cent in 2015 Thematic areas for research collaboration Climate, the Sustainable Environment- Sustainable Sustainable Carbon capture and environment and urbanisation friendly energy agriculture aquaculture storage (CCS) the polar regions Maritime Social sciences and Cooperation on Digitalisation Health innovations activities humanities infrastructure Why China? Student mobility – – > China has the world’s largest educational > Over the past five years, the number of the last five years. More information about system and is an increasingly important exchange students from Norway in China student mobility and Norwegian-Chinese research nation. Cooperation with China has varied between 100 and 140, while cooperation on education is available on is important to ensure that Norwegian between 120 and 150 Chinese exchange the statistics webpages of the Norwegian research and educational institutions have students have been studying in Norway. Centre for International Cooperation in access to excellent research groups. Approximately 1 000 students with Education (SIU). > China’s contribution is essential to solve Chinese citizenship are registered at global challenges in areas such as poverty Norwegian institutions as regular students. reduction, climate, health, energy and the This number has been stable for environment. > Cooperation with relevant partners in China can lead to a more innovative and Norway – China applications to Horizon 2020 per October 2017 competitive Norwegian business sector. > Cooperation on research and education Joint applications NO-CN Granted joint applications NO-CN in H2020 can provide access to China as a market for the Norwegian businesses. Excellent Science 6 Norway and China Industrial Leadership 0 – > The number of co-publications between Societal Challenges 21 China and Norway has increased significantly in the past 15 years. Science with and for Society 1 > Health, ICT, the environment and biotechnology stand out as areas with the most Norwegian-Chinese cooperation Excellent Science 48 Societal Challenges 61 over the same period. Industrial Leadership 4 Science with and for Society 3 Source: eCordas H2020 application database Co-authorship between Norway and other countries 20 % 2006 2016 18 % 16 % 14 % 12 % Proportion of the total 10 % Norwegian co-authored 8 % publications with different countries. Limited to the 6 % 25 most frequent 4 % collaborative countries 2 % in 2016. 0 % Source: Clarivate analytics Calculations: NIFU Itala Spain China Japan Brazil France Poland Austria Russia Greece Ireland Sweden Canada Finland Belgium GermanyDenmark Australia Portugal Netherlands Switzerland South Africa United States Czech Republic United Kingdom 0100200300400500600 China as a higher education nation Education is a cornerstone of China’s innovation strategy, with a comprehensive effort to boost both capacity and quality. China has the world’s largest educational system, and its ambition is to be world leading by 2050. Internationalisation is vital to achieving that. Photo: Shutterstock Higher education in China has undergone phe- Educational programmes are to promote nomenal growth since the turn of the millenni- creativity and entrepreneurship. Several um. The STEM subject fields (science, technology, universities now offer designated entre- engineering and mathematics) dominate China’s preneurship programmes. China is seeking educational landscape, and 30–40 per cent of to strengthen its educational quality, teacher master’s and PhD students study engineering. education and entrepreneurship education through international cooperation. Most Chinese educational institutions are public. Some of these are placed directly under Norwegian priorities national authorities but most of them are World-class universities administered by provincial authorities. Master’s – – and PhD level degrees are also available at China is investing heavily in developing world- The Norwegian Government’s Panorama over 200 research institutions. Support for class universities, and in 2015 launched the strategy for cooperation on higher education public institutions comes from differentiated Double World-Class Project to provide addi- and research with the BRICS countries (Brazil, resources, such as public funding, tuition fees, tional resources for selected institutions and Russia, India, China and South Africa) and commercial activities and private donations. disciplines. In 2017 China released a list of 42 Japan stresses that educational cooperation There are also semi-private institutions. selected universities, with another 95 univer- and student mobility must take place within sities planned to have world-class disciplines. the framework of broader scientific and insti- The sector is highly stratified. At the top are The project builds on previous elite initiatives, tutional cooperation. It is an objective to link the few elite institutions, primarily located in namely the 211 Project from 1995 encom- educational cooperation to research coopera- the urbanised regions of Eastern China. The passing selected disciplines and some 100 tion, working life and the private sector. provincial universities make up the middle institutions, and the 985 Project from 1998 tier, while the lowest tier is comprised of a encompassing 39 institutions. The newest A new bilateral action plan for Sino-Norwegian great many local vocational schools and higher project includes all the institutions from the educational cooperation comprises important education institutions for adults. 211 and 985 projects. priorities. The cooperation will be implemented through annual meetings at ministerial level, joint calls and mutual recognition of degrees. Quality and relevance Internationalisation of Chinese – higher education The UTFORSK Partnership Programme and Enhancing the quality of education is high – the International Partnerships for Excellent on China’s educational-policy agenda. It is a stated goal to increase both incoming and Education and Research (INTPART) programme, outgoing student mobility. The number of cours- administered by the SIU (Norwegian Centre China’s long-term plan for education (2010– es taught in English is rising, and the target for for international cooperation in education) 2020) sets out various measures: more 2020 is to recruit 500 000 international students. and the Research Council, respectively, are problem-oriented and participatory teaching measures established under the Panorama activities, linking education to research and Many international actors have established strategy to promote institutional cooperation practice, interdisciplinarity, institutionally study programmes on Chinese campuses in and closer links between higher education guaranteed educational quality, and invest- cooperation with Chinese universities. China and research. A priority objective for Norway’s ment in infrastructure
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