Yew Tree Farm Twigworth, Gloucester Gloucestershire Archaeological Evaluation

for Hunter Page Planning ltd on behalf of Mr G Peters

CA Project: 4477 CA Report: 13515

August 2013

Yew Tree Farm Twigworth, Gloucester Gloucestershire

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 4477 CA Report: 13515

prepared by Alistair Barber, Senior Project Officer

date 16 August 2013 Cliff Bateman, Principal Fieldwork Manager checked by

date 27 August 2013

approved by Laurent Coleman, Principal Fieldwork Manager

signed

date 30 August 2013

issue 01

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Building 11 Unit 4 Office 49 Kemble Enterprise Park Cromwell Business Centre Basepoint Business Centre Kemble, Cirencester Howard Way, Newport Pagnell Caxton Close, Andover Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ MK16 9QS Hampshire, SP10 3FG t. 01285 771022 t. 01908 218320 t. 01264 326549 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

The site ...... 3 Archaeological background ...... 4 Archaeological objectives ...... 4 Methodology ...... 5

2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-6) ...... 6

The finds evidence ...... 8

DISCUSSION ...... 9

4. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 10

5. REFERENCES ...... 10

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 11

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 13

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 14

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features and geophysical survey results (1:1000) Fig. 3 Trenches 1, 2 and 3: section (1:20) and photograph Fig. 4 Trench 5: section (1:20) and photograph Fig. 5 Trench 5 and 6: section (1:20) and photograph Fig. 6 Trench 6: sections (1:20) and photographs

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Yew Tree Farm Location: Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire NGR: NGR: SO 8492 2235 Type: Evaluation Date: 12-15 August 2013 Location of Archive: To be deposited with Gloucester City Museum and Art Gallery Site Code: YTF 13

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in August 2013 at Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire. Seven trenches were excavated.

The earliest features encountered consisted of a series of predominantly east/west-aligned ditches, several of w hich yielded Romano-British pottery, within the southern and eastern part of the site. These features, identifying a previously unrecorded area of Romano-British activity, were masked by later ridge and furrow cultivation and consequently were not identified during a preceding geophysical survey.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In August 2013 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for Hunter Page Planning Ltd, on behalf of Mr G Peters, at Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire (centred on NGR: SO 8492 2235 ; Fig. 1). The evaluation was undertaken to accompany a planning application that is being submitted to Tewkesbury Borough Council (TBC) for development of the site. The archaeological works were been recommended by Charles Parry, the archaeological advisor to TBC.

1.2 The archaeological evaluation was undertaken in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Evaluation (CA 2013). The fieldwork also followed the Standard and guidance for archaeological field evaluation (IfA 2008), the Statement of Standards and Practices Appropriate for Archaeological Fieldwork in Gloucestershire (GCC 1996), the Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). It was monitored by Mr Charles Parry, Archaeologist, Gloucestershire County Council.

The site

1.3 The proposed development site is approximately 3.2ha in area and is located on the south-eastern side of the A38 Gloucester to Tewkesbury road approximately 5km north of Gloucester city centre (Fig. 1). The site lies within the modern village and parish of T wigworth, although historically it formed part of the G loucester urban parish of St Catherine.

1.4 The site consists of two pasture fields and the farmhouse and outbuildings of Yew Tree Farm. It is bounded to the north by a hedged boundary fronting the A38 road, to the east by residential development and an orchard, and to the south and west by Orchard Home Park. The w ider landscape consists of hedged arable fields with scattered residential development, much of it focused along the line of the A38 road. The site lies at a height of approximately 13m AOD and is broadly level, draining slightly to the south and east.

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

1.5 The underlying bedrock geology of the ar ea is mapped as Rugby Limestone; interbedded mudstone and Limestone of the Jurassic Period. This in turn is overlain by superficial Quaternary deposits of Cheltenham Sand and G ravel (BGS 2013). Orange-yellow sands and gravels were encountered within all seven evaluation trenches.

Archaeological background

1.6 The application area has been subject to a Heritage Desk-Based Assessment and a geophysical survey (CA 2012 and AS 2013 r espectively). The r ecorded heritage assets at the site, as identified by the assessment, comprise elements of Yew Tree Farm. The farmhouse itself dates from the early 18th century but has been heavily re-modelled, including a modern extension. The farmhouse is surrounded by a number of greenhouses, as well as a stable block and barn of modern construction, of little heritage value (CA 2012).

1.7 The remainder of the site consists of two fields, both of which contain significant areas of well-preserved ridge-and-furrow cultivation in the form of earthworks up to 0.75m high, of possible medieval or early post-medieval date. Although no evidence of possible buried archaeological deposits from earlier periods was identified, the assessment did note that the presence of medieval and later plough soils may have masked currently unrecorded archaeological remains (ibid.).

1.8 The geophysical survey identified a number of weak positive linear and curvilinear anomalies of uncertain origin, although it concluded that many of t hose in the northern part of the s ite were most probably associated with the r ecent ground disturbance undertaken to remove the ridge and furrow. Within the southern extent of the site, the ridges of the extant ridge and furrow were visible within the survey data as positive linear responses (AS 2013).

Archaeological objectives

1.9 The objectives of the evaluation are to provide information about the archaeological resource within the s ite, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date, integrity, state of pr eservation and qual ity. In ac cordance with the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2009), the evaluation has been designed to be minimally intrusive and minimally destructive to archaeological

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

remains. The i nformation gathered will enable TBC to i dentify and as sess the particular significance of any heritage asset, consider the impact of th e proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the dev elopment proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG 2012).

Methodology

1.10 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of s even trenches, representing a 2% sample of the pr oposed development area. Trenching was predominantly focussed upon geophysical anomalies of archaeological potential. Trench 1 and Trenches 3 to 6 inclusive were each 50m in length and approximately 1.9m in width. Trench 2 was split into two parts, coded as 2a and 2b, and totalled 35m in length and approximately 1.9m in width. Trench 4 was moved approximately 5m westward from its original intended position to avoid an extant hedgerow. As the l evel of modern disturbance in the northeastern part of the site was shown in Trenches 2a and 2b to be of sufficient depth to hav e truncated archaeological features, an unused 15m of trenching from Trench 2 was utilised as Trench 7 to target a further geophysical anomaly within the southern part of the site. Trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using a Leica 1200 series SmartRover GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual (2009).

1.11 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007).

1.12 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and P rocessing of Environmental and O ther Samples from Archaeological Sites (2003) but no deposits were identified that required sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation (1995).

1.13 The archive and ar tefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

be deposited with Gloucester City Museum and Art Gallery, along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-6)

2.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and finds are to be found in Appendices A and B respectively.

2.2 The natural geological substrate, comprising cream to orange-yellow sands and gravels with outcropping blue-grey clays, was overlain by clay-sand subsoil, typically 0.32m in thickness, and by modern topsoil typically 0.2m in thickness.

2.3 Archaeological features were encountered within all trenches excepting Trench 4 where only north/south-aligned plough furrows were revealed. North/south-aligned plough furrows were also encountered in Trenches 1, 2, 3 and 7.

Trench 1 (Figs 2 & 3)

2.4 The natural substrate, 104, was revealed at 0.67m below present ground level (bpgl). It was cut by north-west/south-east aligned, U-shaped ditch 103. One undateable pottery sherd was recovered from its single clay-sand fill 102. The overlying subsoil, 101, was cut by two wide, shallow, east/west-aligned, plough furrows noted tow ards the nor th-western end of the tr ench, and by a narrow, shallow, north/south-aligned plough furrow, containing a c eramic field drain, within the south-eastern half of the trench. The furrow fills were sealed by modern topsoil 100.

Trench 2 (Figs 2 & 3)

2.5 Natural substrate 203, revealed at 0.5m bpgl, was cut by north-west/south-east- aligned V-shaped ditch 206 in Trench 2a. It contained primary gravel-silt fill 205 and a secondary silt fill, 204. The l atter yielded two sherds of pottery broadly dated to the Roman period. The ditch was sealed by subsoil 202 which was cut by a north/south-aligned plough furrow and by modern intrusion 209. The later although only partially exposed contained concrete, brick, plastic, metal and other debris

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

(none retained). Further modern dumping, 211, to a depth of at least 1m bpgl, was encountered in Trench 2b. Both dump deposits were overlain by modern topsoil 200.

Trench 3 (Figs 2 & 3)

2.6 Natural substrate 302, revealed at 0.6m bpgl, was cut by north-west/south-east aligned ditch 303. It contained a s ingle silt-clay fill, 304, which yielded one small piece of undiagnostic pottery or ceramic building material. It was overlain by subsoil 301 which was cut by a north/south-aligned plough furrow , which in turn was covered by modern topsoil 300.

Trench 4 (Fig 2)

2.7 Natural sands and gravels 402, identified at 0.45m bpgl, were overlain by subsoil 401 which was cut by seven north/south-aligned plough furrows, which were sealed by modern topsoil 400.

Trench 5 (Figs 2, 4 and 5)

2.8 At the northern extent of the trench natural substrate 502 was cut by three parallel, east/west-aligned, U-shaped ditches, 503, 506 and 508 . Ditch 503 c ontained a primary clay-sand fill, 505, which produced seven sherds of pottery broadly dated to the Roman period, and gravel-rich secondary fill 504, which may have derived from the slighting of an as sociated upcast bank. Ditches 506 and 508 ea ch contained single, sandy clay fills (507 and 509 r espectively) from which mid 1st to mid 3rd- century AD pottery was retrieved.

2.9 A north/south-aligned U-shaped gully, 510, contained a single clay-sand fill 511 which produced three sherds of broadly dated Roman pottery . A further east/west- aligned U-shaped gully, 512, within the southern part of the trench contained undated clay-sand fill 512. All five features were sealed by subsoil 501 which was overlain by topsoil 500.

Trench 6 (Figs 2, 5 and 6)

2.10 Natural substrate 602, revealed at 0.7m bpgl, was cut by a series of di tches throughout the trench. East/west-aligned ditch 603 contained undated clay-sand fill 604. A northeast/southwest-aligned ditch, 605, contained clay-sand fill 606 which

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

produced two small pieces of charcoal. Two further east/west-aligned ditches, 607 and 609, were identified towards the southern end of the trench. Ditch 607 was undated artefactually, but shared the same form and fill characteristics as adjacent ditch 609 w hose fill, 610, produced seven sherds of mid 1st to 2nd-century AD pottery. All four features were sealed by subsoil 601, which in turn was overlain by topsoil 602.

Trench 7 (Fig 2)

2.11 Natural gravel substrate 703, revealed at 0.5m bpgl, was overlain by subsoil 701. A discrete spread of as h and c harcoal, 703, correlated with the l ocation of a pit like anomaly identified during the preceding geophysical survey. This was covered by topsoil 700.

The finds evidence

2.12 Quantities of artefactual material, all consisting of pottery, were recorded from nine deposits during the current works (Appendix B).

Pottery: Roman 2.13 Five sherds of Severn Valley ware, all unfeatured bodysherds, were recovered from ditch fills 505, 507 and 511 (ditches 503, 506 and 510 respectively). Severn Valley ware is very commonly found in Gloucestershire and was produced throughout the Roman period (Webster 1976).

2.14 Fill 509 within ditch 508, produced one large sherd from a Dressel 20 amphora. This form was imported to Britain from Spain from the mid 1st to mid 3rd-century AD (Tyers 1996, 87). Three pottery sherds in a black-firing, sand-tempered fabric were recovered from ditch fill 509 and three sherds of fine greyware were recovered from fill 610 within ditch 609. The bl ack sandy sherds included a r imsherd from a fl at- rimmed bowl and the gr eyware included two rimsherds from a beaker with a bea d rim. Earlier Roman dating (c. mid-1st to 2nd centuries) is probable based on these represented forms.

2.15 A total of 17 sherds of pottery in sandy oxidised fabrics were recovered from ditch fills 102, 204, 304, 507, 509 and 610. They included six sherds from ditch fill 505 and

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

one from ditch fill 507 which displayed sooting on their external surfaces, indicative of use as cooking vessels. Two further sherds from ditch fill 507 were fragments from a flagon handle. The form of the latter suggests dating in the mid-1st to 2nd centuries.

DISCUSSION

3.1 The evaluation has identified archaeological features, pre-dating the extant medieval or later ridge and fur row cultivation within the proposed development area. The earliest features encountered comprise east/west, north/south and northwest/southeast-aligned ditches and gullies within the southern and eastern parts of the s ite. Within the w esternmost field, no features or deposits of archaeological significance, with the exception of extant ridge and furrow, were identified.

Romano-British 3.2 Romano-British activity, broadly dated from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD, is attested within the eastern field by the identification of generally well-preserved ditches and gullies within Trenches 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6. Whilst the function of these ditches remains uncertain due to the limited view afforded by the evaluation trenching, they may represent elements of an agricultural field system, particularly as evidence indicative of occupation, such as pits and postholes, were not encountered during the current works.

3.3 It remains probable, if unproven, that the identified field boundaries are associated with the Roman building and associated pits and ditches previously identified 600m north-east of the s ite, at Six Acres Field and along Twigworth Fields Lane ( CA 2012).

Medieval, post-medieval and modern 3.4 Evidence of extant north/south-aligned ridge and furrow cultivation remains was encountered throughout the southern part of the site, strongly correlating with cultivation patterns identified during the preceding geophysical survey (AS 2013). Such findings suggest an agricultural character to the s ite during the medieval and later periods.

3.5 In addition, an area of s uspected disturbance associated with the now levelled plough ridges was been confirmed within the northern part of the site in Trenches 1

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

and 2. This activity correlates closely with areas of magnetic debris identified during the geophysical survey.

Undated 3.6 A small number of undated ditches/gullies were encountered within Trenches 1, 3, 5 and 6. Their proximity to, and the similarity in form and in the composition of their fills to, adjacent Romano-British features suggests that they may be br oadly contemporary with the Roman activity.

4. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Alistair Barber, assisted by Eddie Dougherty and Dan Sausins. The report was written by Alistair Barber. The illustrations were prepared by Lorna Gray, and the find report compiled by Jackie Sommerville. The archive has been compiled by Alistair Barber, and prepared for deposition by James Johnson. The project was managed for CA by Cliff Bateman.

5. REFERENCES

AS (Archaeological Surveys Ltd) 2013 Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucestershire: Magnetometer Survey Report. Report 449

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2013 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 15 August 2013

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2012 Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucestershire: Heritage Desk-Based Assessment. CA typescript report 12332

CA 2013 Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation

DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework

10 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench Context Type Fill of Context Description L W (m) Dep Spot- No. No. interpretation (m) th/th date ickn ess (m) 1 100 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silty- >50 >1.9 0.3 clay 1 101 Layer Subsoil Light yellow-brown >50 >1.9 0.22 gravelly silty-clay 1 102 Fill 103 Ditch fill Brown silt-clay >1.9 1.8 0.24 1 103 Cut Ditch U-shaped ditch, >1.9 1.8 0.24 east/west orientated 1 104 Layer Natural Light yellow sands and gravels >1.9 1.8 substrate 2 200 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silty >50 >1.9 0.2 -clay 2 201 Layer Dump deposit Modern concrete, >50 >1.9 0.4 soil, brick, plastic, metal. 2 202 Layer Subsoil Light yellow- brown >50 >1.9 0.2 gravelly silty-clay 2 203 Layer Natural Light yellow sands >50 >1.9 substrate and gravels 2 204 Fill 206 Ditch fill Brown silt >2 1.08 0.32 RB 2 205 Fill 206 Ditch fill Grey-brown gravelly >2 0.3 0.07 silt 2 206 Cut Ditch V-shaped ditch, >2 1.08 0.39 north-west/south-east aligned 3 300 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silty- >50 >1.9 0.21 clay 3 301 Layer Subsoil Light yellow-brown >50 >1.9 0.38 gravelly silty-clay 3 302 Layer Natural Light yellow sands >50 >1.9 substrate and gravels 3 303 Cut Ditch U-shaped ditch, >1.3 0.67 0.14 north-west/south-east aligned 3 304 Fill 303 Ditch fill Yellow-brown silt-clay >1.3 0.67 0.14

4 400 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silty- >50 >1.9 0.15 clay 4 401 Layer Subsoil Light yellow-brown >50 >1.9 0.3 gravelly silty-clay 4 402 Layer Natural Light yellow sands >50 >1.9 substrate and gravels 5 500 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silty- >50 >1.9 0.2 clay 5 501 Layer Subsoil Light yellow-brown >50 >1.9 0.3 gravelly silty-clay 5 502 Layer Natural Light yellow sands >50 >1.9 substrate and gravels 5 503 Cut Ditch U-shaped ditch, >1.9 1.02 0.35 east/west-aligned 5 504 Fill 503 Ditch fill Grey-brown gravelly >1.9 1.02 0.05 clay-sand 5 505 Fill 503 Ditch fill Orange brown clay- >1.9 1.02 0.3 RB sand 5 506 Cut Ditch U-shaped ditch, >1.9 0.7 0.17

11 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

east/west-aligned 5 507 Fill 506 Ditch fill Grey-brown clay-sand >1.9 0.7 0.17 mC1-C2 5 508 Cut Ditch U-shaped ditch, >1.9 0.67 0.25 north/south--aligned 5 509 Fill 508 Ditch fill Grey-brown clay-sand >1.9 0.67 0.25 mC1-mC3 5 510 Cut Ditch or gully U-shaped ditch, >5.4 0.33 0.07 east/west-aligned 5 511 Fill 510 Ditch fill Grey-brown clay-sand >5.4 0.33 0.07 RB 5 512 Cut Ditch or gully U-shaped ditch, >0.7 0.4 0.07 east/west-aligned 5 513 Fill 512 Ditch fill Grey-brown clay-sand >0.7 0.4 0.07 6 600 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silty- >50 >1.9 0.25 clay 6 601 Layer Subsoil Light yellow-brown >50 >1.9 0.45 gravelly silty-clay 6 602 Layer Natural Light yellow sands >50 >1.9 substrate and gravels 6 603 Cut Ditch U-shaped ditch, >1.9 0.65 0.15 east/west-aligned 6 604 Fill Ditch fill Grey-brown clay-sand >1.9 0.65 0.15 6 605 Cut Ditch U-shaped ditch, >2.5 0.42 0.17 northeast/southwest- aligned 6 606 Fill Ditch fill Grey-brown clay-sand >2.5 0.42 0.17 6 607 Cut Ditch U-shaped ditch, >1.9 0.6 0.17 east/west-aligned 6 608 Fill Ditch fill Grey-brown clay-sand >1.9 0.6 0.17 6 609 Cut Ditch U-shaped ditch, >1.9 0.65 0.25 east/west-aligned 6 610 Fill Ditch fill Grey-brown clay-sand >1.9 0.65 0.25 mC1-C2 7 700 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silty- >15 >1.9 0.2 clay 7 701 Layer Subsoil Light yellow-brown >15 >1.9 0.3 gravelly silty-clay 7 702 Layer Natural Light yellow sands >15 >1.9 substrate and gravels 7 703 Layer Ash spread Wood ash and 2 2 0.05 charcoal

12 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Context Description Count Weight(g) Spot-date 102 Roman pottery: pale oxidised red slipped fabric 1 3 RB 105 Animal bone 1 4 - 204 Roman pottery: oxidised red slipped fabric 1 10 RB Roman pottery: buff fabric 1 304 Roman pottery: coarse oxidised fabric 1 2 RB 505 Roman pottery: Severn Valley ware 1 17 RB Roman pottery: fine oxidised fabric 6 507 Roman pottery: Severn Valley ware 1 14 MC1-C2 Roman pottery: oxidised fabric 3 509 Roman pottery: Baetican amphora 1 296 MC1-C2 Roman pottery: black, sand-tempered fabric 3 Roman pottery: fine oxidised fabric 2 511 Roman pottery: Severn Valley ware 3 6 RB 606 Charcoal 2 42 - 610 Roman pottery: fine grey ware 3 16 MC1-C2 Roman pottery: coarse oxidised fabric 4

References Tyers, P. 1996. Roman Pottery in Britain. London. Routledge.

Webster, P.V. 1976. ‘Severn Valley Ware: A Preliminary Study’, TBGAS. XC1V, 18-46.

13 © Cotswold Archaeology Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire Short description An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in August 2013 at Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire. Seven trenches were excavated.

The earliest features encountered consisted of a s eries of predominantly east/west-aligned ditches, several of which yielded Romano-British pottery, within the southern and eastern part of the site. These features, identifying a previously unrecorded area of Romano-British activity, were masked by later ridge and furrow cultivation and consequently were not identified during a preceding geophysical survey.

Evidence of medieval and/or later agricultural practice was identified throughout the site with north/south-aligned furrows, associated with extant ridges, noted throughout the southern and central part of the site and with east/west-aligned furrows encountered within the now levelled northern extent of the site. Modern features comprised land drains and an area of disturbance within the north-eastern part of the site that was infilled with modern dump deposits. Project dates 12 to 15 August 2013 Project type Field evaluation Previous work Desk-Based Assessment (CA 2012) Geophysical Survey (AS 2013) Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire Study area (M2/ha) 3.2ha Site co-ordinates NGR: SO 8492 2235

PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator N/A Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Cliff Bateman Project Supervisor Alistair Barber MONUMENT TYPE none SIGNIFICANT FINDS none PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content Physical Gloucester City Museum and Art Ceramics, animal bone Gallery Paper Gloucester City Museum and Art Context sheets, trench Gallery Recording sheets, permatrace drawings Digital Gloucester City Museum and Art Digital photos Gallery BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2013 Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 13515

14 N Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester Gloucestershire Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE Site location plan

0 1km

Reproduced from the 1999 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with PROJECT NO. 4477 DATE 21-08-2013 FIGURE NO. the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller DRAWN BY LG REVISION 00 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1

View of ditch 103, looking north-west (scale 1m)

Trench 1; section AA

SW NE 13m AOD 102

ditch 103

View of ditch 206, looking south (scale 1m)

Trench 2; section BB

NE SW 13.2m AOD

204

205 ditch 206

View of ditch 304, looking south-east (scale 1m)

Trench 3; section CC

NE SW Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 13.4m Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 AOD Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 304 e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE ditch 303 Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trenches 1, 2 and 3: sections and 01m photographs

PROJECT NO. 4477 DATE 21-08-2013 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY LG REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:20 3 View of ditch 503, looking east (scale 0.3m)

Trench 5; section DD

NS500 13.5m AOD

501

504

505

ditch 503

View of ditch 506, looking east (scale 0.2m)

Trench 5; section EE

NS 13.5m 500 AOD

501

507

ditch 506

View of ditch 508, looking north-east (scale 0.5m)

Trench 5; section FF

NS 13.5m 500 AOD Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 501 e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester 509 Gloucestershire

ditch FIGURE TITLE 508 Trench 5: sections and photographs

01m PROJECT NO. 4477 DATE 21-08-2013 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY LG REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:20 4 View of gully/ditch 510, looking north (scale 0.2m)

Trench 5; section GG

WE 13.1m AOD 511 gully/ditch 510

View of gully/ditch 512, looking north-east (scale 0.3m)

Trench 5; section HH

NW 500 SE 13.3m AOD

501

513

gully/ditch 512

View of ditch 603, looking north-east (scale 1m)

Trench 6; section II

NS 14m AOD

600 Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 601 e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester

604 Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE ditch Trenches 5 and 6: sections and 603 photographs

01m PROJECT NO. 4477 DATE 21-08-2013 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY LG REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:20 5 View of gully/ditch 605, looking north-east (scale 0.3m)

Trench 6; section JJ

NW SE 13.4m AOD

606

gully/ditch 605

View of ditch 607, looking east (scale 1m)

Trench 6; section KK

NS 14m AOD

600

601

608

ditch 607

View of ditch 609, looking north-east (scale 1m) Trench 6; section LL

NS 14m AOD 600

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 601 e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Yew Tree Farm, Twigworth, Gloucester Gloucestershire 610 FIGURE TITLE ditch Trench 6: sections and photographs 609

01m PROJECT NO. 4477 DATE 21-08-2013 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY LG REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:20 6