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L-Assedju 1-Kbir Ta' Malta - F'glieluq 1-450 Sena

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L-Assedju 1-Kbir Ta' Malta - F'glieluq 1-450 Sena L-Assedju 1-Kbir ta' Malta - f'glieluq 1-450 sena Alexander Busuttil B.Ed. (Hons.) M.Sc. Gnalkemm fast 1-itgnar pajjiti, Malta gnandha starja li ggib 1-gnira ta' basta stati ferm akbar minnha. Bla dubju li 1-Assedju 1-Kbir tal- 7565 jibqa' fast 1-aktar grajjiet impartanti fl-istarja ta' pajjitna. Alexander Busuttil jirrakkantalna 1-istarja tai-Assedju 1-Kbir f'gneluq 1-450 anniversarju tiegnu. Din is-sena qegndin infakkru 1-450 sena miii-Assedju 1-Kbir ta' Malta u gnalhekk nsibt li nfakkar ftit dawil il-grajjiet hekk importanti fl-istorja ta' pajjizna li gnalkemm ckejken imma minn dejjem kellu influwenza kbira f'dak kollu li jigri fii-Mediterran. 11-Kavallieri kienu ilhom Malta 35 sena u stabilixxew runhom fii-Birgu peress li kienet belt portwali u 1-qawwa tagnhom kienet navali u kummercjali. ln-Nobbli ta' Malta li qatt ma tant kienu fernana bil-nakma tal-kavallieri kienu nqatgnu glial rashom til-belt tal-lmdina. 11 -bqija tai-Maltin mad war 20, 000 run kienu mxerrdin fl-irnula jgnixu kif jistgnu bil-biedja jew bis-sajd jew snajja onra.lr-ranal tagnna !=tal Kirkop kienu joqogndu ftit bdiewa bil-familja tagnhom go · ftit irziezet. Fiorini (2000) jikteb li fl-1419 u fl-1425 insibu 16 u 17 -il ragel rispetivvament minn !=tal Kirkop miktubin fid-Dejma. Jekk inqisu li glial kull ragel hemm xi namsa jew sitta minn nies dipendenti fuqu, bejn nisa, tfal u xjun, naslu biex ngnidu li r-ranal kellu xi popolazzjoni ta'xi mitt run. Kienu jagnmlu mal-parrocca ta' Bir Miftun. Meta Mons. Dusina zar !=tal Kirkop 10 snin wara 1-Assedju, sab popolazzjoni ta' qrib 250 run u jsemmi 1-ezistenza ta' diversi kappelli fir-ranal tagnna, u 1-pricipali fosthom kienet dik tai-Patrun tagnna San Leonardu u onra tai­ Lunzjata u ta' San Gakbu int u sejjer lejn !=tal Safi u ta' San Nikola int u sejjer lejn Bir Miftun. lrridu ngnidu li gnalkemm Malta kienet tant 1-0rdni, xorta missirijietna kienu mwerwrin mill-attakki tai-Furbani Misilmin li kienu gnadhom jattakkaw lill-pajjizna u jisirqu kull ma jsibu. Barra minn hekk il-flotta tai-Ordni kienet tattakka kull bastiment li jtajjar il-bandiera tai-Mislem u allura Malta kienet xewka gnall-lmperu Tork, li dik il-nabta kien fl-aqwa tiegnu. Bizzejjed ngnidu li fl-1551 Dragut attakka 1-Gnawdex u kaxkar fil-jasar 1-Gnawdxin kollha, kwazi 5000 run. Fil-fatt insibu li nafna Maltin telqu lejn Sqallija li kienet inqas perikuluza. 11-Granmastru Juan de Homedes, wara dan 1-attakk fuq Gnawdex, ordna li jissannan Forti Sant' Anglu 1-Birgu u 1-bini ta' zewg fortizzi godda dik ta' San Mikiell-lsla uta' Sant' lermu fuq 1-gnolja Sciberras, ilium 1-Belt Valletta. Dawn inbnew f'temp ta' sitl xhur biss fl-1552 u kellhom ikunu krucjali fl-Assedju 1-Kbir. Fl-1557 lanaq Granmastru Jean Pari sot de Vallette li kellu jkun il-mexxej per eccellenza waqt 1-Assedju 1-Kbir. 205 11-Granmastru de Valette kien jaf minn kmieni li t-Torok kienu qegndin jippreperaw attakk kbir fuq Malta minn spiji li kellu f'Kostantinopli. Dlonk ordna biex jitlestew ix-xognlijiet fuq il-fortizzi kollha u nareg avviz biex il-kavallieri kollha li kienu mxerrdin mai-Ewropa jirritornaw Malta mill-iktar tis. Ordna biex jingiebu suldati voluntiera mill-ltalja u talab 1-gnajnuna mill­ allejati kollha fosthom miii-ViC:ire ta'Sqallija Don Garcia li min-nana tiegnu wiegned gnajnuna ) sinitikanti imma talbu zmie11 biex ikun jista jigbor ammont sodisfacenti ta' suldati. lz-zmien huwa lussu li de Vallette ma kellux! 11-Papa Piju IV bagnat somma flus ta' 10,000 koroni bnala gnajnuna. Dawn servew biexjinxtara provizjon u armi imma de Vallette 1-iktar li kellu bzonn kienu suldati mnarrgin. Skont Francesco Balbi, li kien suldat mercenarju Spanjol iservi Malta, tir-Rebbiegna tal-1565, (u li nallielna djarju miktub tal-grajja kollha), de Vallette kellu taht il-kmand tiegnu 541 Kavallier u suldati ninargin Spanjoli, Taljani u xi Griegi u bejn 3000 u 4000 suldati Maltin li ma kienux daqshekk mnargin imma li kellhom esperjenza kerha ta' dawn il-kursara Misilmin u gnalhekk kienu lesti gnalihom. Kien hawn ukoll xi 500 skjavi Misilmin maqbudin li kienu jservu fuq ix-xwieni tai-Ordni imma dawn kellhom jintuzaw tant gnassa stretta gnax malajr iduru kontrik u jaqsmu gnand 1-gnadu. lktar 'il quddiem waslu izjed kavallieri u suldati biex b'kollox Malta kellha qawwa ta' bejn 8000 u 9000 suldat biex jiddefenduha kontra 1-armata enormi tal-gnadu. Fid-9 ta' April wasal Malta 1-ViC:ire ta' Sqallija Don Garcia de Toledo bi flotta ta'27 bastiment imma kull ma kellu x'joffri Iii De Valette kienet il-wegnda li 1-lmperatur Filippu II ta' Spanja kien ser jibgnat 25 000 suldat, imma min jaf meta! 11-ViC:ire irritorna lejn Sqallija una miegnu xi Maltin xjun u morda. Bdew isiru 1-preparamenti gewwa 1-fortizzi billi ssirnazna ta'ikel, ilma, armi u munizijon ta'ku.ll • tip li kellhom bzonn kemm gnall-kanuni u armi tan-nar onrajn. 11-Birgu biss kellu nixxiegna ta' ilma permanenti. lmlew il-fosos gewwa Sant' Anglu u San Mikiel bil-qamn li ngieb minn Sqallija. Tpoggiet katina enormi til-banar bejn il-ponta tal-Isla u Sant' Anglu hekk li ebda opra tal-banar ma tista tidnol tid-dania bejn 1-lsla u 1-Birgu. Din il-katina kienet mgnassa lejl u nar. Twittew djar u bini qrib il-fortizzi tai-Birgu u 1-lsla biex ma jkunux jistgnu jinqdew bihom it-Torok. lt-tliet bastimenti kbar tai-Ordni, Capitana, Padrona u San Giovanni nnbew til-foss ta' bejn Sant' Anglu u 1-Birgu. !=target ordni lill-bdiewa biex jigbru u jansdu kollox mir­ raba tagnhom inkluz frott li jkun gnadu ma sarx nalli t-Torok ma jsibu xejn x'jieklu huma u 1-annimali tagnhom. Nixxiegnat ta' ilma kellhom jinnbew sewwa u 1-bjar gew kontaminati b'annimali mejtin. It-Torok kellhom jansbu gnalkollox jekk riedu jdumu bl-assedju gnax f'Malta kienu na jsibu ftit li xejn u din kienet ser tkun problema kbira gnalihom. 11-Wasla tat-Torok 11-flotta Torka dehret fuq ix-xefaq ta' Malta mas­ sebn ii-Gimgna 18 ta' Mejju riesqa lejn Marsaxlokk. Stakkament ta' suldati tant ii-Marixxal Copier u xi Maltin fuq iz-zwiemellemnuhom u dlonk bagntu jinfurmaw liii­ Granmastru gewwa 1-Birgu. L-lmdina sparaw xi kolpi Matteo Perez d'Aieccio, 11-migja tal-qawwa Torka fit-18 ta' Mejju 1565, tal-kanun biex jinfurmaw 11-Pa/azz Presidenzjali, ii-Belt (Ritratt Daniel Cilia) immedjatament Iii nutna (ID) @ili:/cWCz~;6 1-Gliawdxin u dawn irrispondew minnufih b'kolp ta'kanun miii-Kastell. Bdew jintbaglitu sinjali minn ralial glial ielior biex kulliadd jerliilha jew lejn Hmdina jew lejn ii-Birgu, bil-karettuni u b'xi liai:na ta' ikel maglihom. 11-Koppin flimkien mal-parroccani kollha ta' Bir Miftuli irliewlha lejn il-fortifikazzjonijiet il-godda tai-Birgu. L-lmdina wkoll ingabru liafna Maltin u glialhekk il-kbarat Maltin talbu Iill De Valette biex isaliliali il-qawwiet taHmdina. Dan minnufih bagliat ir-rigment ta' Birkirkara, J=tal Qormi, ii:-Zejtun, ii:-Zurrieq u Bir Miftuli - madwar 2,370 ragel b'kollox biex flimkien mal-kavallerija tai-Kavallier Fra Melchior d'Eguaras iservu hemm talit il-kmand ta' Fra Pedro Mesquita. 11-Kavallerija kollha kienet stazzjonata Hmdina. Dawn ir­ rinforzi baqgliu Hmdina gliall-ewwel xahar biss tal-assedju gliax malli Sant'lermu waqa; De Valette kellu iktar bi:onnhom ii-Birgu u 1-lsla. Fil-fatt il-battaljun ta' Bir Miftuli gie assenjat il­ posta fl-lsla li tliares lejn Kordin (Fiorini, 2000). Sadanittant il-flotta Torka li kienet tgliodd mal-190 bastiment ma dalilux Marsaxlokk imma sal paw max-xatt lejn in-nalia ta' Filfla u talit ii:-Zurrieq u lejn 1-Gnejna u ankraw talit 1-irdum taHmgarr. Taglina 'lliin kollu i:ammewhom talit gliajnejhom u 1-Granmastru kien infurmat il-liin kollu b'messaggiera apposta. L-gliada filgliodu refgliu 1-ankri u rliewlha lejn Marsaxlokk, San Tumas u Marsaskala. Ankraw u bdew iliottu 1-apparat kollu li kellhom fosthom 3000 suldat li elf minnhom kienu jgliidulhom Ganissarji li kienu 1-aqwa suldati Torok. Nii:i:lu 2:-i:wiemel taglihom u baglitu stakkament biex jimxi quddiem u jibdew jisirqu u Jigbru kull ma jsibu jgliodd glial snienhom fosthom bhejjem u ikel mir-raba. Gliarralhom gliax ma sabu xejn, Ia bdiewa u lanqas Matteo Perez d'Aieccio, L-isbark f'Marsax/okk fl-20 ta' Mejju 1565, 11-Palazz Presidenzjali, ii-Belt (Ritratt Daniel Cilia) bhejjem, gliax kulliadd kien laliaq ingabar ii-Birgu. Fir-ralial tai:-Zejtun iltaqgliu ma' stakkament kavallerija minn taglina talit ii-Marixxal De Copier u hawn saret 1-ewwel glieda. lmma taglina malajr irtiraw gliax it­ Torok kienu wisq. lnqatel in-neputi tal-gvernatur tal-lmdina Don Mesquita u nqabdu tnejn prigunieri mit-Torok. Dawn kienu kavallier Franciz u suldat Portugii:, li wara li ittorturawhom, qatluhom. lppretendew li jgliidulhom fejn kellna 1-iktar parti debboli fis-swar imma dawn 1-eroj tawhom informazzjoni falza. 11-qawwiet tal-art Torok kienu talit il-kmand tal-General Mustafa Pasha filwaqt li dawk tal­ baliar talit 1-Ammiral Piali. L-istorici ma jaqblux fuq kemm kienu jglioddu t-Torok li gew jinvaduna. Aktarx li kienu qrib it-30,000. Dawn ma kienux kollha Torok imma din kienet allejanza migbura miiHmperu Ottoman kollu ta' dak ii:-i:mien. Skont Balbi 1-qawwa Ottamana kienet maglimula minn: 9000 Spaliis jew Kavallieri miii-Anatolja u mir-Ruania- (1-Aigerija); 6000 Ganissarji li kienu 1-aqwa gellieda taHmperu Ottom - liafna minnhom miraturi 207 precizi bl-ixkubetta jew arkebus; • 4000 Jajalari li kienu fanatici tal-Islam lesti li jmutu gnar-religjon; • 4000 voluntier u xi 5000 bil-lieva fosthom Griegi, Lhud u kursari minn Tripli u miii­ Aigerija.
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