DOCSLIB.ORG

12 an Exhaustive Survey on Security Concerns and Solutions at Different

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
12 an Exhaustive Survey on Security Concerns and Solutions at Different An Exhaustive Survey on Security Concerns and Solutions at Different Components of Virtualization RAJENDRA PATIL and CHIRAG MODI, National Institute of Technology Goa, India Virtualization is a key enabler of various modern computing technologies. However, it brings additional vulnerabilities that can be exploited to affect the availability, integrity, and confidentiality of the underlying resources and services. The dynamic and shared nature of the virtualization poses additional challenges to the traditional security solutions. This article explores the vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks relevant to virtu- alization. We analyze the existing security solutions and identify the research gaps that can help the research community to develop a secured virtualization platform for current and future computing technologies. CCS Concepts: • Security and privacy → System security; Operating system security; Virtualization and security; Network security; Denial-of-service attacks; Additional Key Words and Phrases: Virtualization, hypervisor, virtual machine, vulnerability, security ACM Reference format: Rajendra Patil and Chirag Modi. 2019. An Exhaustive Survey on Security Concerns and Solutions at Different Components of Virtualization. ACM Comput. Surv. 52, 1, Article 12 (February 2019), 38 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3287306 12 1 INTRODUCTION Virtualization is an abstraction of hardware and software resources allowing heterogeneous archi- tectures to run on the same hardware [9]. The major components of the virtualization are virtual machines (VMs), hypervisors, and virtual networks. VM is a software system similar to the phys- ical system allowing us to run an operating system and other applications. Hypervisor offers an “abstraction of physical resources” like CPU, memory, network, and storage. It allows us to run multiple operating systems at a time on the same physical resources. It can be installed directly on hardware (Type I) or as a part of host OS (Type II). A virtual network enables communication among the VMs through virtual switch (vSwitch). In past decade, virtualization-based applications have increased by a tremendous amount. How- ever, the current implementations of the virtualization introduce many vulnerabilities and security challenges. In the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), several vulnerabilities related to well- known hypervisors such as XEN, VMware, and Qemu have been recorded. The successful exploita- tion of these vulnerabilities leads to many attacks, which can affect the confidentiality, integrity, This work is a part of the project titled “Designing out-of-VM Monitoring based Virtual Machine Introspection Frame- work for Securing Virtual Environment of Cloud Computing (ECR/2017/001221)” with funding support from Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. Authors’ address: R. Patil and C. Modi, National Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda, Goa 403401, India, emails: {rajendrapatil, cnmodi}@nitgoa.ac.in. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) mustbe honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]. © 2019 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM. 0360-0300/2019/02-ART12 $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3287306 ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 52, No. 1, Article 12. Publication date: February 2019. 12:2 R. Patil and C. Modi Table 1. Key Terms Term Description Control VM It is a VM with higher privileges, e.g., Dom0 in Xen Rouge VM VM with abusive administrator Co-hosted VM VM which has shared resources with other VMs on the same physical server Hypervisor Management It manages the hypervisor and VM building functionalities Interface (HMI) Launching channel It is a communication channel from the origin of the VM image to the destination hypervisor where image is to be deployed Hypervisor Layer This layer enables the VMs to run on a physical server VM Management Layer It manages the Virtual Machines VM (OS) Kernel Layer It builds the Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Layer It contains all VMs on a single physical server VM Network Layer It makes VMs to communicate with each other through virtual switch Trusted Computing Base It is a combination of hardware and software components that defines the trusted (TCB) computing environment Hardware VM (HVM) It require virtualization extensions from the host CPU and thus, using Qemu (Quick emulator), it emulates the physical hardware Paravirtualized VM (PVM) It can run efficiently without hardware emulation. or availability (CIA) of the hypervisor or its underlying VMs. For instance, critical VENOM vul- nerability (CVE-2015-3456) in the open-source Qemu hypervisor allows an attacker to break out a VM, execute code on a host machine, and access all the other VMs on the host. This leads to hundreds or thousands of virtualization products being vulnerable to VENOM. The Foreshadow vulnerability (CVE-2018-3646) in XenServer allows an attacker to create a speculative side channel and steal data in VM RAM from other non-trusted VMs on the same physical server. Kaspersky Lab has analyzed that the cost of recovering from a security incident doubles when the attack affects virtual infrastructure. Thus, the virtualization environment needs to be secured. This article explores various vulnerabilities, security threats, and attacks related to virtualiza- tion and classify them according to the core components of the virtualization infrastructure. We investigate the existing security approaches and techniques for each component and explore the research gaps. By considering these research gaps, we provide possible security research directives that will help the research community to address the needs of virtualization security and to design a secured and trusted virtualization platform for future computing technologies. Table 1 presents different key terms that we have used in this article. In following, Section 2 discusses the vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks to virtualization. Sec- tion 3 analyzes the existing security solutions and challenges to the virtualization. Section 4 dis- cusses the research gaps in the existing solutions and provides future research directives for offer- ing better security in virtualization. Finally, Section 5 concludes our findings. 2 SECURITY CONCERNS AT VIRTUALIZATION AsshowninFigure1, the virtualization environment includes the physical servers and other related components such as the management server, the VM repository, and networks. A phys- ical server is virtualized using the hypervisor, which provides the abstractions of the physical resources. It has five components: VM, hypervisor, virtual network, host OS (control VM inthe case of a Type 1 hypervisor), and underlying hardware. A hypervisor runs multiple VMs on the same hardware. A VM or applications running on VMs can be accessed by an end user through the Internet. A management server is used to handle the management-related tasks of the virtu- alization. The VM repository stores the VM images, which are managed through the interaction ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 52, No. 1, Article 12. Publication date: February 2019. An Exhaustive Survey on Security Concerns and Solutions at Virtualization 12:3 Fig. 1. Components of virtualization and attack surface. with the management server. A VM owner can launch a VM image to a hypervisor through the interaction with the management server. The network component presents typically three differ- ent networks: virtual network, internal network, and external network. VMs are connected over vSwitch, which forms the virtual network. The internal network is responsible for connecting the physical servers, storage servers, and management server. The external network connects the virtual environment to the external users through the Internet. The security threats to the virtualization are due to the vulnerabilities existing in the different components and operations involved in the virtual environment. Figure 2 shows the taxonomy of virtualization-related attacks. An attack surface is mapped from Figure 1 to Figure 2 to discuss the possible attacks from a particular source to a victim. 2.1 Security Challenges to Hypervisor Hypervisor enables the virtualization, and it has different components. For example, the Xen (Type 1) hypervisor contains a hypervisor core, management interface/privileged domain (Dom0), Qemu, and guest VMs. the KVM (Type 2) hypervisor interacts with the host OS, which is an additional component of KVM. The hypervisor core controls the execution of VMs by providing hardware abstraction. It performs CPU scheduling and memory partitioning for the VMs running on the hardware device. The hypervisor management interface carries all management actions of a VM. In a type 1 hypervisor, it is a control VM (Dom0), while in a type 2 hypervisor, it is a trusted pro- cess of the host OS. Dom0 is a privileged VM that has special rights to access I/O resources. Xen supports two types of VM: paravirtualized VM (PVM) and hardware VM (HVM). For guests run- ning as HVMs, Xen uses
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Security in Live Virtual Machine Migration
    SECURITY IN LIVE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION A Thesis by Shah Payal Hemchand B.E., Government College of Engineering, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 2008 Submitted to Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science December 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Shah Payal Hemchand All Rights Reserved ii SECURITY IN LIVE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science with a major in Computer Networking. _________________________________ Ravi Pendse, Committee Chair _________________________________ Abu Asaduzzaman, Committee Member _________________________________ Linda Kliment, Committee Member iii DEDICATION To the Almighty, my family, for their continuing support and patience; to my WSU friends for their significant advice and time throughout the completion of my thesis. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I sincerely thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Ravindra Pendse for his devoted motivation and supervision throughout my career at Wichita State University. His guidance helped me complete my thesis successfully. By working as a Graduate Research Assistant for him I gained knowledge, and professional work ethics. I take this opportunity to thank Amarnath Jasti for his constant support and guidance throughout my thesis. His suggestion and advice helped me understand the technology and gain more knowledge. His opinion towards my academic and career were valuable. I would like to thank members of the committee for their effort and time. I would like to extend my gratitude towards to Yonatan Assefa and all those who directly or indirectly helped motivate me with my research.
    [Show full text]
  • 22 April 2007 1 Microsoft Confidential
    22 April 2007 Microsoft Confidential 1 What is malware? What is the impact? How has malware evolved? Who is in the malware chain? How is malware created? How do we respond? 22 April 2007 Microsoft Confidential 2 Innocuous No potential for harm Notepad Ad-supported software Advertising Displays ads Unauthorized pop-ups Authorized search toolbar Collects personal data Collects data Covert data collector Spyware and other Potentially Settings utilities Changes settings Changes configuration Unwanted Software Browser hijacker Programs that perform certain behaviors Parental controls Records keystrokes Monitoring without appropriate user consentKeystroke and control loggers ISP software Auto-dials toll numbers Dialing Porn dialers Cycle sharing programs Remote usage Remotely uses resources Backdoor software Viruses, Worms, Trojans Known bad Clearly malicious (e.g., virus) Sasser Programs that perform known bad activities 22 April 2007 Microsoft Confidential 3 1986 - 1995 1995 - 2000 2000 - 2005 2006+ Local Area Networks Internet Era Broadband prevalent Peer to Peer First PC virus Macro viruses Spyware Social engineering Boot sector viruses Script viruses Botnets Hyperjacking Create notoriety or Create notoriety or Rootkits Application attacks cause havoc cause havoc Financial motivation Financial motivation Slow propagation Faster propagation Internet wide impact Targeted attacks 16-bit DOS 32-bit Windows 32-bit Windows 64-bit Windows 22 April 2007 Microsoft Confidential 4 Greek English (US) Finnish Chinese (Simplified) Hebrew 2.4% 4.0%
    [Show full text]
  • 46 Evolution of Attacks, Threat Models, and Solutions for Virtualized
    Evolution of Attacks, Threat Models, and Solutions for Virtualized Systems DANIELE SGANDURRA and EMIL LUPU, Imperial College London Virtualization technology enables Cloud providers to efficiently use their computing services and resources. Even if the benefits in terms of performance, maintenance, and cost are evident, however, virtualization has also been exploited by attackers to devise new ways to compromise a system. To address these problems, research security solutions have evolved considerably over the years to cope with new attacks and threat models. In this work, we review the protection strategies proposed in the literature and show how some of the solutions have been invalidated by new attacks, or threat models, that were previously not considered. The goal is to show the evolution of the threats, and of the related security and trust assumptions, in virtualized systems that have given rise to complex threat models and the corresponding sophistication of protection strategies to deal with such attacks. We also categorize threat models, security and trust assumptions, and attacks against a virtualized system at the different layers—in particular, hardware, virtualization, OS, and application. 46 Categories and Subject Descriptors: K.6.5 [Management of Computing and Information Systems]: Security and Protection—Unauthorized access General Terms: Security, Algorithms, Measurement Additional Key Words and Phrases: Virtualization, threat models, Cloud computing, integrity attacks ACM Reference Format: Daniele Sgandurra and Emil Lupu. 2016. Evolution of attacks, threat models, and solutions for virtualized systems. ACM Comput. Surv. 48, 3, Article 46 (February 2016), 38 pages. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2856126 1. INTRODUCTION Virtualization increases the efficient use of computing services and resources in terms of their performance, maintenance, and cost by enabling multiple environments, such as operating systems (OSes), to share the same physical resources.
    [Show full text]
  • REVISTA ECONOMICĂ Supplement No
    REVISTA ECONOMICĂ Supplement No. 5/2012 Journal of economic-financial theory and practice CNCSIS reference: B+, Code 478 Frequency: 6 issues/year Editor Prof. Dan Popescu, Ph.D., Dr. H.C. of University of Rennes 1, France and Dr.H.C. of Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova Deputy Editor Prof. Liviu Mihăescu, Ph.D. Scientific Committee Prof. Dan Popescu, Ph.D., Dr.H.C. – Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania Prof. Liviu Mihăescu, Ph.D. – Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania Prof. Livia Ilie, Ph.D. – “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Romania Acad. Prof. Iulian Văcărel, Ph.D. – Romanian Academy Prof. Lucian–Liviu ALBU, Ph.D. – Director, Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Romanian Academy, corresponding member of the Romanian Academy Prof. Sergiu Chircă, Ph.D., Dr. hab. – Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy Prof. Mircea Ciumara, Ph.D. – Director, National Institute of Economic Research, Romania Prof. Viorel Cornescu, Ph.D. – The University of Bucharest, Romania Prof. Francesco d'Esposito, Ph.D. – The Gabrielle d'Annunzio University, Pescara, Italy Prof. Ion Pohoaţă, Ph.D. – Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania Prof. Robert Labbé, Ph.D. – University of Rennes 1, France Acad.Prof. Grigore Belostecinic, Ph.D. Dr. hab., Dr.H.C. – Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova Prof. Alexander Kostov, Ph.D. – Director, Institute for Balkan Studies, Sofia, Bulgaria Assoc. Nicolae Petria, Ph.D. – Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania Assoc. Razvan Șerbu, Ph.D. – Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania Lect. Bogdan Mârza, Ph.D. – Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Degree Thesis Master's Programme in Network Forensics, 60 Credits
    Degree Thesis Master's Programme in Network Forensics, 60 Credits VIRTUALISATION SECURITY ISSUES Security Issues Arises In Virtual Environment School of ITE, 15 credits Kirandeep Kaur HALMSTAD UNIVERSITY Virtualization Security Issues 1 DEDICATION I dedicate my work to my family. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving mother, Gurmeet Kaur, and my husband Navraj Singh Dhaliwal. I also dedicate this work to my In- Laws family and my sister and my few friends who supported me throughout the process. 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank and pay my special regards to my supervisor and examiner Mark Dougherty, and our program director and professors Olga Torstensson; Stefan Axelsson; and Muhammad Ahsan Rasool for the unconditional support and guidance at every step during studies. I wish to express my deepest gratitude to Slawomir Nowaczyk; Reza Khoshkangini; Abbas Orand; Sepideh Pashami; Mahmoud Rahat; Linus Andersson; Matts Skagshöj and all others who provided us great knowledge as well as my class fellows and my group mates. To Halmstad University, thank you for an unforgettable experience. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT................................................................................................................. 8 2. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 9 3. BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................... 9 3.1 THE VIRTUALIZATION ARCHITECTURE.....................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Phd Husam G201301950.Pdf
    ©Husam Suwad 2018 iii Dedication To my Father and my Mother To my Wife and my kids Sama, Laya and Issa To my Brother and my Sisters To my homeland Halhul For the spirit of Martyrs iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All praise is due to ALLAH, the lord and sustainer of the worlds, for his countless favour and seeing me this far in life. I appreciate the support and prayers of my parents all through my life and specially in this work. To my family and relatives, I say thank you all for being there for me. My profound gratitude goes to my academic father Dr. Farag Azzedin for his constructive criticism, guidance, and the assistance he offered me throughout my thesis journey. I thank all my committee members Prof. Shokri Z. Selim, Dr. Mohammad Alshayeb, Dr. Moataz Ahmed, and Dr. Marwan Abu- Amara for their comments and support. Finally, I appreciate the help and efforts of Mr. Turki Al-hazmi. My special thanks go to my dear wife, and our children Sama Suwad, Laya Suwad, and Issa Suwad, for their love, care, understating, patience, and thoughts throughout the entire Phd program. To my special friend Mr. Ahmad Azzedin, my friends, and all Shami Community in KFUPM, I wish you all the best. I would like to Acknowledge KFUPM for giving me this opportunity. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xiii ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) xv ABSTRACT (ARABIC) xvi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Attacks Economy Impact . .2 1.2 Need for Security . .4 1.3 Adaptive Security Life Cycle .
    [Show full text]
  • Intrusion Detection Techniques in Cloud Environment a Survey
    Journal of Network and Computer Applications 77 (2017) 18–47 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Network and Computer Applications journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jnca Review Intrusion detection techniques in cloud environment: A survey ⁎ crossmark Preeti Mishraa, Emmanuel S. Pillia, , Vijay Varadharajanb, Udaya Tupakulab a Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India b Department of Computing, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Security is of paramount importance in this new era of on-demand Cloud Computing. Researchers have Intrusion detection provided a survey on several intrusion detection techniques for detecting intrusions in the cloud computing Cloud security environment. Most of them provide a discussion over traditional misuse and anomaly detection techniques. Virtual machine introspection Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) techniques are very helpful in detecting various stealth attacks targeting Hypervisor introspection user-level and kernel-level processes running in virtual machines (VMs) by placing the analyzing component Cloud attacks outside the VM generally at hypervisor. Hypervisor Introspection (HVI) techniques ensure the hypervisor security and prevent a compromised hypervisor to launch further attacks on VMs running over it. Introspection techniques introspect the hypervisor by using hardware-assisted virtualization-enabled technologies. The main focus of our paper is to provide an exhaustive literature survey of various Intrusion Detection techniques proposed for cloud environment with an analysis of their attack detection capability. We propose a threat model and attack taxonomy in cloud environment to elucidate the vulnerabilities in cloud. Our taxonomy of IDS techniques represent the state of the art classification and provides a detailed study of techniques with their distinctive features.
    [Show full text]
  • 46 Evolution of Attacks, Threat Models and Solutions for Virtualized Systems
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Spiral - Imperial College Digital Repository 46 Evolution of Attacks, Threat Models and Solutions for Virtualized Systems Daniele Sgandurra, Imperial College London Emil Lupu, Imperial College London Virtualization technology enables Cloud providers to efficiently use their computing services and resources. Even if the benefits in terms of performance, maintenance, and cost are evident, virtualization has also been exploited by attackers to devise new ways to compromise a system. To address these problems, research security solutions have considerably evolved over the years to cope with new attacks and threat models. In this work we review the protection strategies proposed in the literature and show how some of the solutions have been invalidated by new attacks, or threat models, that were previously not considered. The goal is to show the evolution of the threats, and of the related security and trust assumptions, in virtualized systems which have given rise to complex threat models and the corresponding sophistication of protection strategies to deal with such attacks. We also categorize threat models, security and trust assumptions, and attacks against a virtualized system at the different layers, in particular hardware, virtualization, OS, application. Categories and Subject Descriptors: K.6.5 [Management of Computing and Information Systems]: Security and Protection - Unauthorized access General Terms: Security, Algorithms, Measurement Additional Key Words and Phrases: Virtualization, Threat Models, Cloud Computing, Integrity Attacks 1. INTRODUCTION Virtualization increases the efficient use of computing services and resources in terms of their performance, maintenance, and cost, by enabling multiple environments, such as operating systems (OSes), to share the same physical resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Security Challenges in Cloud Computing ⁎ T Nalini Subramanian Research Scholar , Andrews Jeyaraj
    Computers and Electrical Engineering 71 (2018) 28–42 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers and Electrical Engineering journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/compeleceng ☆ Recent security challenges in cloud computing ⁎ T Nalini Subramanian Research Scholar , Andrews Jeyaraj School of Computing, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keyword: Cloud computing is an archetype that enables access to a shared pool of computing resources for Security challenges cloud users in an on-demand or pay-per-use, fashion. Cloud computing offers several benefits to Cloud computing users and organizations, in terms of capital expenditure and savings in operational expenditure. Crypto-cloud Despite the existence of such benefits, there are some obstacles that place restrictions on the Issues in cloud usage of cloud computing. Security is a major issue that is always considered. The lack of this Virtualization vital feature results in the negative impact of the computing archetype thus resulting in personal, ethical, and financial harm. This paper will focus and explore the security challenges that are faced by cloud entities. These entities include Cloud Service Provider, the Data Owner and Cloud User. Focusing on the crypto-cloud that constitutes of different Communication, Computation, and Service Level Agreement. Studying the causes and effects of various cyber attacks it will provide the necessary upgrades. 1. Introduction Cloud computing creates a network-based environment vision to the users, which paves way for the sharing of calculations and resources regardless of location. The National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) defines cloud computing [1] as, “A template for providing the suitable and when needed access to the internet, to a collective pool of programmable grids, storage, servers, software, and amenities that can be rapidly emancipated, with little communication and supervision from the provider”.
    [Show full text]
  • D 4.4 Profiles of Cyber-Criminals and Cyber- Attackers
    Funded by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme CyberROAD Development of the Cybercrime and Cyber-terrorism Research Roadmap Grant Agreement N. 607642 D 4.4 Profiles of Cyber- Criminals and Cyber- Attackers Date of deliverable: 01/12/2015 Actual submission date: 01/12/2015 Start date of the Project: 1st June 2014. Duration: 24 months Coordinator: UNICA – University of Cagliari, PRA Lab - Pattern Recognition and Applications Lab Version: 1.0 Project funded by the European Commission Directorate-General Home Affairs in the Prevention of and Fight against Crime Programme Restriction Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission services) no RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission services) no CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission) no Profiles of Cyber-Criminals and Cyber-Attackers Funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme Page 1 of 58 Revision history Version Object Date Author(s) 0.1 Initial draft Table of 01/07/2015 INDRA Contents. 0.2 Structure Changes. 01/08/2015 INDRA Multiple changes in the 0.3 03/08/2015 INDRA structure. Content added to section 1 and 2. Review of attributes for 0.4 07/08/2015 INDRA characterization. Attacks to Postal and 0.5 28/08/2015 INDRA Logistic Services. Attacks to Social 0.6 01/09/2015 INDRA Networks, Unmanned Systems, Mobile Biometry, ICS, Automotive, IoT, Transport Critical Infrastructure, Virtualization, Cloud Computing. Attacks to Smart Grids. 0.7 11/09/2015 INDRA Attacks to BYOD, Smart 0.8 07/10/2015 INDRA Cities.
    [Show full text]
  • Method of Information Security Risk Analysis for Virtualized Systems
    VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Justinas JANULEVIČIUS METHOD OF INFORMATION SECURITY RISK ANALYSIS FOR VIRTUALIZED SYSTEMS DOCTORAL DISSERTATION TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES, INFORMATICS ENGINEERING (07T) Vilnius 2016 Doctoral dissertation was prepared at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University in 2012–2016. Supervisor Prof. Dr Habil. Antanas ČENYS (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Informatics Engineering – 07T). The Dissertation Defense Council of Scientific Field of Informatics Engineering of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University: Chairman Prof. Dr Olegas VASILECAS (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Informatics Engineering – 07T). Members: Prof. Dr Arnas KAČENIAUSKAS (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Informatics Engineering – 07T), Dr Tomas KRILAVIČIUS (Vytautas Magnus University, Informatics – 09P), Assoc. Prof. Dr Raimundas MATULEVIČIUS (University of Tartu, Estonia, Informatics Engineering – 07T), Prof. Dr Habil. Rimantas ŠEINAUSKAS (Kaunas University of Technology, Informatics Engineering – 07T). The dissertation will be defended at the public meeting of the Dissertation Defense Council of Informatics Engineering in the Senate Hall of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University at 10 a. m. on 19 December 2016. Address: Saulėtekio al. 11, LT10223 Vilnius, Lithuania. Tel.: +370 5 274 4956; fax +370 5 270 0112; email: [email protected] A notification on the intend defending of the dissertation was sent on 18 November 2016. A copy of the doctoral dissertation is available for review at the VGTU repository http://dspace.vgtu.lt/
    [Show full text]
  • Don't Tell Joanna, the Virtualized Rootkit Is Dead
    Don’t Tell Joanna, The Virtualized Rootkit Is Dead Agenda ★ Who we are and what we do ★ Virtualization 101 ★ Vitriol/Hyperjacking (and other HVM Rootkits) ★ Why detecting HVMs aren’t as difficult as you think ★ Pro Forma Punditry ★ Q & A about:nate.lawson ★ Co-designer of the Blueray disc content protection lay (at Cryptography Research) ★ FreeBSD Committer since 2002 ‣ Author/maintainer of power management and ACPI kernel code ★ Designer of ISS RealSecure NIDS ★ Now: independent security consultant (Root Labs) ‣ Embedded and PC platform security, crypto design (e.g.: Chumby microcontroller- based authentication) about:matasano ★ An Indie Security Firm: Founded Q1’05, Chicago and NYC. ★ Research: ‣ hardware virtualized rootkits ‣ endpoint agent vulnerabilities ‣ windows vista (on contract to msft) ‣ storage area networks (broke netapp) ‣ a protocol debugger ‣ 40+ pending advisories rootkit highlights 1984 1994 - 1996 1998- 2006- IAT firmware libkvm Rootkit thompson Back SSDT hidesrc amodload virtualized compiler Orifice Rootkit backdoor lightning intro to VT matasano software hardware hardware shielded from ring 3 guest A guest B guest os by trap-and- emulate extension ring 0 vmm host os guest A guest B ring 0 hardware vmm ring -1 hardware shielded from guest os by de-privileging hardware or binary translating privileged instructions matasano shadowed state HW state (ivt, pages) hypervisor database OS state VMCS host state guest state OS web server controls ring -1 ring 0 ring 3 (root) (nonroot) (user) matasano insn purpose vmxon enable
    [Show full text]