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Surface-Water Quantity and Quality, Aquatic Biology, Stream

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Surface-Water Quantity and Quality, Aquatic Biology, Stream Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Surface-Water Quantity and Quality, Aquatic Biology, Stream Geomorphology, and Groundwater-Flow Simulation for National Guard Training Center at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania, 2002–05 Scientific Investigations Series 2010–5155 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 1 2 3 4 5 Cover. Activities at Fort Indiantown Gap, where military training and environmental stewardship coexist. Photographs 1 and 2 by M.J. Langland, U.S. Geological Survey. Photographs 3, 4, and 5 by J. Hovis, Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs. Back cover: View of the Fort Indiantown Gap Training Center overlooking the training corridor. Photograph by J. Hovis, Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs. Surface-Water Quantity and Quality, Aquatic Biology, Stream Geomorphology, and Groundwater-Flow Simulation for National Guard Training Center at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania, 2002–05 By Michael J. Langland, Peter J. Cinotto, Douglas C. Chichester, Michael D. Bilger, and Robin A. Brightbill Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5155 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Langland, M.J., Cinotto, P.J., Chichester, D.C., Bilger, M.D., and Brightbill, R.A., 2010, Surface-water quantity and quality, aquatic biology, stream geomorphology, and groundwater-flow simulation for National Guard Training Center at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania, 2002–05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5155, 180 p. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................1 Description of Study Area ...................................................................................................................3 Physiography and Geology .................................................................................................................3 Study Approach and Design ........................................................................................................................3 Study Methods ...............................................................................................................................................5 Surface Water ................................................................................................................................................7 Streamflow .............................................................................................................................................7 Water Quality .........................................................................................................................................9 Nutrients ......................................................................................................................................10 Major Ions ...................................................................................................................................10 Field Characteristics .................................................................................................................10 Sediment......................................................................................................................................10 Metals .........................................................................................................................................16 Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds, Pesticides, and Explosives .................18 Aquatic Biology ............................................................................................................................................18 Habitat ..................................................................................................................................................18 Aquatic Invertebrates ........................................................................................................................18 Inventory of Aquatic Invertebrates .........................................................................................22 Metrics and Impacts .................................................................................................................22 Fish Community ...................................................................................................................................26 Stream Geomorphology, Classification, and Assessment ....................................................................30 Stream Classification .........................................................................................................................30 Geomorphic Analyses ........................................................................................................................31 Simulations of Groundwater Flow .............................................................................................................35 Conceptual Model...............................................................................................................................35 Cross-Sectional Model ......................................................................................................................35 3-Dimensional Model .........................................................................................................................37 Model Development ..................................................................................................................40 Model Results .............................................................................................................................40 Model Limitations.......................................................................................................................40 Summary........................................................................................................................................................45 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................46 Appendix 1—Parameter Codes, Constituents Analyzed, Reporting Levels, and Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Standards ........................................................................................49 Appendix 2—Statistical Summaries of Water-Quality Data .................................................................57 Appendix 3—Sample Habitat Assessment Forms .................................................................................77 Appendix 4—Aquatic Invertebrates: Summary of Site-Assessment Results ..................................83 Appendix 5—Fish Sampling Data: Summary of Site-Assessment Results .......................................87 Appendix 6—Final Taxa List .....................................................................................................................109 iv Figures 1. Map showing location of study area, streamgages and water-quality sites, and major features in Fort Indiantown Gap (FIG), Lebanon and Dauphin Counties, Pa ...........2 2. Map showing major geologic units identified at the Fort Indiantown Gap facility, Lebanon and Dauphin Counties, Pa ...........................................................................................4 3. Graph showing daily mean-flow hydrograph for Indiantown Run at Indiantown, Pa., October 1, 2002, through September 30, 2005 ..........................................................................8 4. Graph showing daily mean-flow hydrograph for Manada Creek at Manada Gap, Pa., October 1, 2002, through September 30, 2005 ..................................................................8 5. Graph showing relation between streamflow and turbidity at Manada Creek, October 1, 2002, through September 30, 2003 ........................................................................12 6. Graph showing sediment loads (tons) by month for years 2003 through 2005 at Indiantown Run (01572950) with (top) and without (bottom) the remnants of Hurricane Ivan .............................................................................................................................14
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