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Aquatic Biology AQUATIC BIOLOGY BIOLOG Y COLLOQUIUM 19416 OREGON STATE CHAPTER OF PHI KAPPA PH I OREGON STATE COLLEGE + CORVALLIS 1 1946 Seventh Annual Biology Colloquium Saturday, April 27, 1946 Aquatic Bioko OREGON STATE CHAPTER OF PHI KAPPA PH I OREGON STATE COLLEGE i CORVALLIS + 1946 TABLE OF CONTENT S . 1 Pag e Foreword 3 Colloquium Committee s Discussion Leaders 4 Chairmen of Sessions Opening of the Colloquium . Water as an External Environment, Robert C . Miller Some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water Bodies o f the Pacific Northwest, Clinton L. Utterback 12 The Use of Marine Organisms in the Study of Physiological Theory, Arthur R. Moore .4 15 A Half Century of Biological Science, Trevor Kincaid 16 The Salmon of the Upper Columbia River and the Effect of Environmen- tal Changes, on the Resources, Frederic F . Fish . 20 Biological Research Connected with the Fisheries of Oregon , Arnie J. Suomela 25 Public Health Problems Related to Aquatic Biology, Ivan Pratt 3 1 Water as an Internal Environment, Robert C . Miller . 35 FOREWOR D The Biology Colloquium is conducted in a "Recent Advances in Biological Science." Lead- spirit of informal discussion and provides oppor- ers and themes of succeeding colloquia have been : tunity for participation from the floor . The col- 1940, Dr. Homer LeRoy Shantz, chief of the Di - loquium is sponsored by the Oregon State Chapte r vision of Wildlife Management of the Unite d of Phi Kappa Phi with the collaboration of Sigma States Forest Service, theme "Ecology" ; 1941, Xi, Phi Sigma, and Omicron Nu . Sigma Xi as- Dr. Cornelius Bernardus van Niel, Professor of sumes special responsibility for the colloquium Microbiology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanfor d luncheon. Phi Sigma and Omicron Nu provid e University, in collaboration with Dr. Henrik afternoon tea. The College Library arrange s Dam, Biochemical Institute, University of Copen- special displays of the writings of colloquiu m hagen, theme "Growth and Metabolism" ; 1942, leaders and notable works on the colloquiu m Dr. William Brodbeck Herms, Professor of Para- theme. sitology and Head of the Division of Entomology Grateful acknowledgment is made of the co- and Parasitology, University of California , operation and interest of the several faculties of theme "The Biologist in a World at War" ; 1943, Oregon State College that are concerned wit h Dr. August Leroy Strand, Biologist and President C biology, of those biologists contributing to the of Oregon State College, theme "Contributions o f program, of Chancellor Frederick M . Hunter, Biological Sciences to Victory" ; 1944, Dr. George President A. L. Strand, and other executives o f Wells Beadle, Geneticist and Professor of Bi- Oregon State College. ology, Stanford University, theme "Genetics and The first Biology Colloquium was held Marc h the Integration of Biological Sciences." Because 4, 1939, with Dr. Charles Atwood Kofoid of the of wartime travel conditions, the 1945 Biology University of California as leader, on the theme Colloquium was omitted. COLLOQUIUM COMMITTEES SEVENTH ANNUA L BIOLOGY COLLOQUIU M COLLOQUIUM COMMITTE E SIGMA XI EXECUTIVE COMMITTE E VERNON H . CHELDELI N WALLACE H. MARTI N (chairman ) (president) G. V. COPSON E. L . PACKAR D (vice president) ERNST J. DORNFELD do FRANK H . SMITH MARGARET L. FINCKE (secretary) DELMER M . GOODE E. M . DICKINSON ELMER HANSE N (treasurer) HENRY P . HANSEN ROSALIND WULZEN PHI SIGMA EXECUTIVE COMMITTE E ERNEST ANDERSO N MARGARET JEAN BENNET T (president) PATRICIA HACKET T ETHEL I . SANBORN VIRGINIA WEIMA R (lice president ) PHI KAPPA PHI EXECUTIVE COMMITTE BERTHA M . DAN A E (secretary-treasurer ) MABEL W. WINSTO N (president) OMICRON NU EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE GEORGENA SAMSON KNAPP BETTY C . HAMLIN (secretary) (president) CAROL L. ANGERMA N JANELLE HOSTETTER (assistant secretary) (vice president ) DAN W. POLING ELEANOR SWIFT (journal correspondent) (secretary) FRANK L. HENRY BEVERLY OSTERMAN (president elect ) (treasurer) DONALD D . HILL GEORGIA C. BIBEE (past president) (adviser) 3 ROBERT C. MILLER, Ph .D. Leader of Seventh Annual Biology Colloquium Seventh Annual Biology Colloquiu m Theme : Aquatic Biology Leader : ROBERT C. MILLER, Ph.D., Director, California Academy of Science s Discussion Leaders : Chairmen of Sessions : FREDERIC F. FIsH, Sc.D. VERNON H. CHELDELIN, Ph .D. In Charge of Pacific Coast Fish-Cultural Inves- Associate Professor of Chemistry, Oregon State tigations, U . S. Fish and Wildlife Service . College (opening session) . TREVOR KINCAID, A.M., Sc.D. HENRY P . HANSEN, Ph.D. Professor of Zoology, University of Washington. Associate Professor of General Science, Oregon State College (luncheon session) . ARTHUR RUSSELL MOORE, Ph.D. Research Professor of General Physiology, Uni- JAMES A . MACNAB, Ph.D. versity of Oregon . Professor of Biology, Linfield College (first af- ternoon session) . IVAN PRATT, Ph .D. RALPH W. MACY, Ph .D. Assistant Professor of Zoology, Oregon Stat e Professor of Biology, Reed College (secon d College. morning session) . ARNIE J . SUOMELA, M .S. CECIL R. MONK, Ph.D. Master Fish Warden, Oregon State Game Com- Professor of Biology, Willamette University mission . (second afternoon session) . CLINTON L . UTTERBACK, Ph .D. MABEL W. WINSTON, M .A. Executive Officer, Department of Physics, Uni- President of Oregon State Chapter of Phi Kappa versity of Washington . Phi (evening session) . DR. CHELDELIN : On behalf of the commit- on the other side and countless others that we tee on preparations for this event and as a mem- know very little about, but of those which H e ber of Phi Kappa Phi, I welcome all of you t o built in our neighborhood, we think that He par- the 1946 Biology Colloquium . Before introducing ticularly favored our own residence . He took the speakers on the scientific program, however , care of central heating, which has proved fairly I am going to turn the meeting over to Dr . Gil- satisfactory. He air-conditioned the earth, which fillan, Dean of the School of Science of Oregon He did not do for our neighbor satellite the moon, State College. and lastly He provided us with a combination i n DEAN GILFILLAN : Dr. Cheldelin and mem- His particular building block consisting of on e bers of the colloquium, if we may unleash our atom of oxygen and two of hydrogen . This, of imaginations for a few moments, we may wel l course, has made things possible on this plane t fancy that millions and millions of ages ago the that are not possible on some of the other houses great Architect of the Universe gave thought t o on the street, such as Neptune and Uranus. His construction plans for this world and the The importance of water to life was recog- other countless worlds that fill up the infinite nized by the early Greeks who had their ow n space. We may think also, as He looked aroun d ideas about the fact that life originated from th e for construction materials for the job, that thing s ocean. It is strange that this idea did not develop didn't look too auspicious. He had a bin full o f through the ages . In fact, it was not until 1872 protons, neutrons, and a few little electrons, but that the first marine biological station was estab- His job was one like trying to build a house out lished at Naples . In 1888 the first marine biologi- of marbles . So then He took a different line o f cal station was established at Woods Hole in thi s thought. Taking these little protons and elec- country. Now we on the Pacific Coast enjo y trons, He hit upon the idea of putting them into having in our front yard the biggest of these larger building blocks. He coined hydrogen an d bodies of water, and we are rather belatedly pay- then, with increasing complexity, built up ninety - ing some attention to it. It is interesting to not e two blocks from which He made His Universe . at this meeting today devoted to aquatic biology So He went ahead and built some eight or ten or that we have representatives from Oregon, Wash- twenty houses on our side of the street, and then ington, and California, the three states that do Morning Session have this great Pacific Ocean on our front door - An equally important reason for discussing step. aquatic biology at this time is that in our sister On behalf of Oregon State College and Presi- state to the south there is a man who is thoroughl y dent Strand, and on behalf of the School of Sci- and ably qualified to lead us . That man is Dr. ence, I welcome you researchers in aquatic biol- Robert C. Miller, who is with us representing ogy. We hope that your stay will be pleasant , the California Academy of Sciences, of which and we believe it will be profitable both to us an d group he is the director. you mutually. Thank you. Dr. Miller was born in Pennsylvania and re- DR. CHELDELIN : Thank you, Dean Gilfillan . ceived his college education at Greenville College This is the seventh annual Biology Colloquium , in Illinois. He came west to California where he as I am sure you have already noted from you r received his doctor's degree. After teaching program. During these seven years, two of th e zoology at California, he went to the Universit y programs have been devoted to the role of biology of Washington and was associated with that in- in winning the war. This year, as the biologis t stitution in various capacities for fourteen years . turns his mind away from thoughts of military In 1938 he resigned his position as professor o f security, he can again attend to his "other loves." zoology to become director of the California Acad- One of the most important of these is the en- emy of Sciences, the position he now holds .
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