Guidelines on Assessment and Remediation of Fungi in Indoor
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Reference Guide
Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools REFERENCE GUIDE Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Indoor Environments Division, 6609J 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 (202) 564-9370 www.epa.gov/iaq American Federation of Teachers 555 New Jersey Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20001 (202) 879-4400 www.aft.org Association of School Business Officials 11401 North Shore Drive Reston, VA 22090 (703) 478-0405 www.asbointl.org National Education Association 1201 16th Steet, NW Washington, DC 20036-3290 (202) 833-4000 www.nea.org National Parent Teachers Association 330 North Wabash Avenue, Suite 2100 Chicago, IL 60611-3690 (312) 670-6782 www.pta.org American Lung Association 1740 Broadway New York, NY 10019 (212) 315-8700 www.lungusa.org EPA 402/K-07/008 I January 2009 I www.epa.gov/iaq/schools Introduction � U nderstanding the importance of good basic measurement equipment, hiring indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools is the professional assistance, and codes and backbone of developing an effective IAQ regulations. There are numerous resources program. Poor IAQ can lead to a large available to schools through EPA and other variety of health problems and potentially organizations, many of which are listed in affect comfort, concentration, and staff/ Appendix L. Use the information in this student performance. In recognition of Guide to create the best possible learning tight school budgets, this guidance is environment for students and maintain a designed to present practical and often comfortable, healthy building for school low-cost actions you can take to identify occupants. and address existing or potential air quality Refer to A Framework for School problems. -
Mold & Moisture
mold & moisture Keeping your home free from mold and moisture problems Indoor Air Unit Mold in Our Homes Table of Contents Mold in Our Homes 1 Mold is a type of fungus. Mold spores are found in Mold and Your Health 3 both the indoor and outdoor air, but they will only grow if they find the right conditions. Mold requires Home Investigation 5 three simple elements to grow: Moisture in Your Home 7 1. Moderate temperatures Mold Testing 9 2. Nutrients (food) Mold Removal 11 3. Moisture Clean-Up Steps 13 Mold can start to grow on interior building surfaces Resources 17 and furnishings if there is too much moisture. Eventually, the mold will damage the materials Renters 18 it is growing on and may cause health effects to occupants. In this guide, you will learn: ● How indoor mold can affect oury health, ● How to control moisture and find mold inside your home, and ● How to remove mold. This information will help you protect your family’s health and one of your largest investments: your home. 1 2 Mold and Your Health Health effects from mold exposure can vary greatly “All indoor mold growth should be from person to person. Common symptoms can include coughing, runny nose, wheezing and sore removed promptly, regardless of the throat. People with asthma or allergies may notice type of mold present.” their symptoms worsen. All molds are a potential health Some people may have more hazard severe reactions Many molds are capable of producing substances ● Children that can be harmful to your health. -
How to Comply with CDC Guidelines
1101 W. 13th St, Riviera Beach, Florida Phone: 561.848.1826 https://www.rgf.com/rgf-biocontrols How to comply with CDC Guidelines OVERVIEW Sections of text are extracted directly from the Federal Register Vol. 59, No. 208, 10/28194, to compile this pamphlet. This is not meant to be a substitute for the Guidelines, but a general overview of specific sections relevant to RGF BioControls and its products. Click here for a link: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5417a1.htm OUR MISSION We believe, once you understand the new CDC guidelines, you’ll understand why our products offer you the best means of compliance. This is based upon a design philosophy that each piece of equipment is designed to satisfy a particular problem and each problem can be satisfied by an individual or combination of products that complement each other. CDC ON NEGATIVE PRESSURE "To control the direction of airflow between the room and adjacent areas, thereby preventing contaminated air from escaping from the room into other areas of the facility. The direction of air flow is controlled by creating a lower (negative) pressure in the area into which the flow of air is desired. For air to flow from one area to another, the air pressure in the two areas must be different. Air will flow from a higher pressure area to a lower pressure area. " HOW RGF BIOCONTROLS CREATES NEGATIVE PRESSURE Our MICROCON ® ExC7 utilizes HEPA filtration and UV light (option) for various room exhaust options. Wall, window or ceiling mounted, they direct air to either outside, back to return air system or corridor. -
Indoor Moulds, Sick Building Syndrome and Building Related Illness
fungal biology reviews 24 (2010) 106e113 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbr Review Indoor moulds, Sick Building Syndrome and building related illness Brian CROOKa,*, Nancy C. BURTONb aHealth and Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK bCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA article info abstract Article history: Humans are constantly exposed to fungi, or moulds, usually without suffering harm to Received 3 February 2010 health. However, in some instances inhalation of sufficient numbers of mould spores Received in revised form can trigger symptoms of asthma, rhinitis or bronchitis. Respiratory ill health associated 20 May 2010 with the built environment is often referred to either as Sick Building Syndrome [SBS] Accepted 24 May 2010 (i.e. building related symptoms) or building related illness. For many, the difference between SBS and building related illness is unclear and the two overlap. This review Keywords: examines the differences between the two and describes in more detail the role of moulds Building related illness in building related illness. Using as examples the after-effects of flooding in the UK in Building remediation 2007, and Hurricane Katrina in USA in 2005, methods used to investigate exposure to Indoor air indoor mould contamination are described, together with strategies for remediating Mould mould contaminated buildings. Sick Building Syndrome Crown Copyright ª 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction handling or waste disposal can result in massive exposure leading to occupational asthma (Poulsen et al., 1995; Eduard Fungi, or moulds, are ubiquitous in the environment; there- et al., 2004; Heederik and Sigsgaard, 2005). -
ASHRAE Position Document on Filtration and Air Cleaning
ASHRAE Position Document on Filtration and Air Cleaning Approved by ASHRAE Board of Directors January 29, 2015 Reaffirmed by Technology Council January 13, 2018 Expires January 23, 2021 ASHRAE 1791 Tullie Circle, NE • Atlanta, Georgia 30329-2305 404-636-8400 • fax: 404-321-5478 • www.ashrae.org © 2015 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission. COMMITTEE ROSTER The ASHRAE Position Document on Filtration and Air Cleaning was developed by the Society's Filtration and Air Cleaning Position Document Committee formed on January 6, 2012, with Pawel Wargocki as its chair. Pawel Wargocki, Chair Dean A. Saputa Technical University of Denmark UV Resources Kongens Lyngby, Denmark Santa Clarita, CA Thomas H. Kuehn William J. Fisk University of Minnesota Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Minneapolis, MN Berkeley, CA H.E. Barney Burroughs Jeffrey A. Siegel Building Wellness Consultancy, Inc. The University of Toronto Johns Creek, GA Toronto, ON, Canada Christopher O. Muller Mark C. Jackson Purafil Inc. The University of Texas at Austin Doraville, GA Austin, TX Ernest A. Conrad Alan Veeck BOMA International National Air Filtration Association Washington DC Virginia Beach, VA Other contributors: Dean Tompkins Madison, WI for his contribution on photocatalytic oxidizers Paul Francisco, Ex-Officio Cognizant Committee Chair Environmental Health Committee University of Illinois Champaign, IL ASHRAE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, owned by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. © 2015 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. -
Fast Facts (PDF)
FAST FACTS According to the National Fire Protection Association, the leading factor contributing to home heating fires (30%) was mainly due to having a dirty chimney (i.e., creosote buildup). Heating equipment (including wood stoves) is the second leading cause of home fires, and third leading cause of home fire deaths. Most fireplace and chimney fires are caused by creosote buildup, and could be prevented. EPA believes there are approximately 13 million fireplaces, 250,000 hydronic heaters, and 8.5 million wood stoves in use nationwide. Five million (57 percent) of the nation’s wood stoves are older, inefficient devices. EPA estimates that if all of the old wood stoves in the United States were replaced with cleaner- burning hearth appliances, an estimated $56-126 billion in health benefits per year would be realized. Smoke from wood-burning stoves and fireplaces contain a mixture of harmful gases and particle matter (PM2.5). Breathing these small particles can cause asthma attacks and severe bronchitis, aggravate heart and lung disease, and may increase the likelihood of respiratory illnesses. Changing out one old dirty, inefficient wood stove is equivalent to the PM2.5 reduction of taking five old diesel trucks off the road. The benefits of replacing old wood stoves and fireplaces: • Saves money, fuel, time, and resources • Up to 50 percent more energy efficient, uses 1/3 less wood • Cuts creosote build-up in chimneys that helps reduce the risk of fire • Reduces PM2.5 indoors and out After start-up, a properly installed, correctly used EPA-certified wood stove should be smoke free. -
MOLD and MILDEW – an OVERVIEW/MARINE UPHOLSTERY Mold and Mildew Problems in the Marine Or Exterior Likely Element to Control Is Moisture
performance products PERFORMANCE PRODUCTS DIVISION MOLD AND MILDEW – AN OVERVIEW/MARINE UPHOLSTERY Mold and mildew problems in the marine or exterior likely element to control is moisture. Keep a surface upholstery, wallcovering, paint, tarpaulin, swimming dry and the ambient air dry, and you can break the pool and shower curtain markets, to name a few, link in the Mildew Square. In actuality, this is very have been well documented over the last 25 years. difficult. Marine upholstery may be dry when one sits The objective of this overview is to review the causes on it, but it is constantly exposed to rain, splashes and and cures of these unsightly and odoriferous wet bathing suits. problems and suggest actions to reduce their impact on the quality of goods as perceived by the Spores consumers. Food THE CAUSE – MICROORGANISMS The two principal causes of offensive odors and Water unsightly stains and growths are bacteria and fungi, Warmth commonly called microorganisms. Bacteria are simple, single-celled organisms. Fungi, referred to as mold and mildew, are significantly more complex. A A COMPLEX PROBLEM – AN EXAMPLE subset of fungal organisms is a type that produces One can observe an unsightly stain, dirt, or mildew colored byproducts as part of its digestive process. growth on the surface of a marine seat and ask the These byproducts are recognized as stains and are question, “How did it get there?” Dirt carried by the typically pink, yellow, purple or black. All wind or sudden shower will carry the spores or seeds, microorganisms require a source of energy; carbon inoculating the surface. -
HEPA) Filter - Ultra Low Penetration Air (ULPA) Filter (Also Referred to As Extended Media
EPA-452/F-03-023 Air Pollution Cocntrol Technology Fact Sheet Name of Technology: Paper/Nonwoven Filter - High Efficiency Particle Air (HEPA) Filter - Ultra Low Penetration Air (ULPA) Filter (also referred to as Extended Media) Type of Technology: Control Device - Capture/Disposal Applicable Pollutants: Submicron Particulate Matter (PM) greater than or equal to 0.3 micrometer (µm) in aerodynamic diameter, and PM greater than or equal to 0.12 µm in aerodynamic diameter that is chemically, biologically, or radioactively toxic; hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that are in particulate form, such as most metals (mercury is the notable exception, as a significant portion of emissions are in the form of elemental vapor). Achievable Emission Limits/Reductions: HEPA and ULPA filters are classified by their minimum collection efficiency. Many international standards and classes currently exist for high efficiency filters (Osborn, 1989). In general, HEPA and ULPA filters are defined as having the following minimum efficiency rating (Heumann, 1997): HEPA: 99.97% efficiency for the removal of 0.3 µm diameter or larger PM, ULPA: 99.9995% efficiency for the removal of 0.12 µm diameter or larger PM. Some extended media filters are capable of much higher efficiencies. Commercially available filters can control PM with 0.01 µm diameter at efficiencies of 99.99+% and PM with 0.1 µm diameter at efficiencies of 99.9999+% (Gaddish, 1989; Osborn, 1989). Several factors determine HEPA and ULPA filter collection efficiency. These include gas filtration, velocity, particle characteristics, and filter media characteristics. In general, the collection efficiency increases with increasing filtration velocity and particle size. -
Controlling Mold and Moisture Household Mold Guidance for Local Health Professionals
Controlling Mold and Moisture Household Mold Guidance for Local Health Professionals Wisconsin Department of Health Services Indoor Air and Radon Program Division of Public Health | Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health dhs.wisconsin.gov/mold | [email protected] | P-02069 (04/2021) 1 Introduction Controlling Mold and Moisture Toolkit Background Indoor mold is a challenge experienced by families, homeowners, renters, and landlords everywhere. Local public health professionals are often an initial source for responding to questions and concerns when mold appears inside someone’s home. Although each situation is unique, there is one consistent message: the solution to mold control is moisture control. This toolkit is designed to assist local public health professionals respond to questions about mold. The toolkit is centered around five key messages for responding to mold situations. These five messages, along with the additional resources included, will provide a solid foundationfor responding to mold situations. Table of Contents Responding to Mold Concerns ..…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Finding the Moisture Source .………………………………………………………………………………………...……. 5 Cleaning Indoor Mold ………………………………………………….……………….………………………………………. 7 Indoor Mold and Health …………………………………………….………………….……………………………………… 8 Tenant and Landlord Information ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 10 Hiring a Mold Contractor ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 11 Frequently Asked Questions …………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 12 Appendices …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….…. -
A Hybrid Air Purifier and Dehumidifier for the Best Possible Indoor Air
AD20 Hybrid / Air purifier & Dehumidifier A hybrid air purifier and dehumidifier for the best possible indoor air. & ER D AN EH Wood´s AD20 hybrid is a revolutionary innovation that LE UM C ID IF I R E I R E A CL AN E R A R I R I R E I A F combines Wood´s high standards for energy-effecient I D I C M L E U A H N E E D R & and reliable dehumidification, with Wood´s unique & R E N A E D L SWEDISH TECHNIQUE E C N U M I R D I I A F I E R Swedish filtration system and give you the best possible indoor air. Thanks to the patented filter system Active ION HEPA, manufactured in Sweden, AD20 Hybrid gives you an effective air cleaning-without compromising on power consumption or noise levels. Wood’s AD-20 Hybrid Specifications dehumidification AD20 Hybrid is reliable, efficient and energy-saving. Max. working area 100 m² Recommended area 2 - 60 m² AD20 Hybrid protects against moisture and mold dam- Capacity at 20ºC & 70% RF 10,6 litres/day age and also serve you with an air purifier in the same Capacity at 35ºC & 80% RF 20 litres/day Power at 27ºC & 60% RF 260 W machine. AD20 Hybrid is one of the smartest hybrid Power at 30ºC & 80% RF 310 W dehumidifiers / air purifiers on the market. Fan speeds 4 Airflow 100-200 m³/h Speed 1 100 m³/h Speed 2 130 m³/h Advantages: Speed 3 160 m³/h Speed 4 200 m³/h • Powerful and energy efficient dehumidification. -
Cabin Air Quality Brief
Briefing paper Cabin air quality – Risk of communicable diseases transmission The overall risk of contracting a disease from an ill person onboard an airplane is similar to that in other confined areas with high occupant density, such as a bus, a subway, or movie theatre for a similar time of exposure. anywhere where a person is in close contact with others. That said, the risk on airplanes is probably lower than in many confined spaces because modern airplanes have cabin air filtration systems equipped with HEPA filters. HEPA or high efficiency particulate air filters have similar performance to those used to keep the air clean in hospital operating rooms and industrial clean rooms. These filters are very effective at trapping microscopic particles as small as bacteria and viruses. HEPA filters are effective at capturing greater than 99 percent of the airborne microbes in the filtered air. Filtered, recirculated air provides higher cabin humidity levels and lower particulate levels than 100% outside air systems. The cabin air system is designed to operate most efficiently by delivering approximately 50 percent outside air and 50 percent filtered, recirculated air. This normally provides between 15 to 20 cubic feet of total air supply per minute per person in economy class. The total air supply is essentially sterile and particle-free. Cabin air circulation is continuous. Air is always flowing into and out of the cabin. Total airflow to the cabin is supplied at a bulk flow rate equivalent to 20 to 30 air changes per hour. This provides temperature control and minimizes temperature gradients within the cabin. -
BIO 201 Unit 1 Introduction to Microbiology
Professor Diane Hilker I. Exp. 3: Collection of Microbes 1. Observe different types of microbial colonies 2. Identification of molds 3. Isolation of molds 4. Isolation of bacteria I. Exp. 3: Collection of Microbes 1. Observe different types of microbial colonies 2. Identification of molds 3. Isolation of molds 4. Isolation of bacteria 1. Microbial Colonies ◦ Colony: a visible mass of microbial cells originating from one cell. ◦ (2) Types Large, fuzzy, hairy, 3D, growing upward & touching the lid, various colors-MOLD Small, creamy, moist, circular, various colors-BACTERIA 1. Microbial Colonies Mold Colonies Bacterial Colonies Culture Media Used ◦ Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) Supports more mold growth pH 5.2-acidic High in carbohydrates ◦ Nutrient Agar (NA) Supports more bacterial growth pH 7.0-neutral High in proteins I. Exp. 3: Collection of Microbes 1. Observe different types of microbial colonies 2. Identification of molds 3. Isolation of molds 4. Isolation of bacteria Molds Vegetative Structures: obtains nutrients ◦ Absorb nutrients thorough cell wall ◦ Can’t identify a mold based on vegetative structure • Thallus: body of mold consisting of filaments • Hyphae or hypha: filaments-multicellular • Can be very long; elongate at the tips • Septa or septum: cross-walls • Coenocytic hyphae: no cross-walls • Mycelium: filamentous mass visible to the eye Fig. 12.1 Textbook Molds Reproductive Structures: Spores ◦ How molds are identified ◦ 2 Types Sexual: genetic exchange between 2 parents (meiosis) Not as common in nature To be discussed in lecture Asexual: no genetic exchange (mitosis) More common in nature To be discussed in lab Asexual Spores: 2 Types 1. Conidiospores or conidia: 2 types Microconidia Conidiophore: supporting structure Holds conidia Examples: Penicillium sp.