ABSTRACT Branching Into the Past: Using Dendrochronology and Pinus
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Conversion of GISP2-Based Sediment Core Age Models to the GICC05 Extended Chronology
Quaternary Geochronology 20 (2014) 1e7 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Geochronology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quageo Short communication Conversion of GISP2-based sediment core age models to the GICC05 extended chronology Stephen P. Obrochta a, *, Yusuke Yokoyama a, Jan Morén b, Thomas J. Crowley c a University of Tokyo Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, 227-8564, Japan b Neural Computation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 904-0495, Japan c Braeheads Institute, Maryfield, Braeheads, East Linton, East Lothian, Scotland EH40 3DH, UK article info abstract Article history: Marine and lacustrine sediment-based paleoclimate records are often not comparable within the early to Received 14 March 2013 middle portion of the last glacial cycle. This is due in part to significant revisions over the past 15 years to Received in revised form the Greenland ice core chronologies commonly used to assign ages outside of the range of radiocarbon 29 August 2013 dating. Therefore, creation of a compatible chronology is required prior to analysis of the spatial and Accepted 1 September 2013 temporal nature of climate variability at multiple locations. Here we present an automated mathematical Available online 19 September 2013 function that updates GISP2-based chronologies to the newer, NGRIP GICC05 age scale between 8.24 and 103.74 ka b2k. The script uses, to the extent currently available, climate-independent volcanic syn- Keywords: Chronology chronization of these two ice cores, supplemented by oxygen isotope alignment. The modular design of Ice core the script allows substitution for a more comprehensive volcanic matching, once it becomes available. Sediment core Usage of this function highlights on the GICC05 chronology, for the first time for the entire last glaciation, GICC05 the proposed global climate relationships during the series of large and rapid millennial stadial- interstadial events. -
Blue Intensity for Dendroclimatology: Should We Have the Blues?
Dendrochronologia 32 (2014) 191–204 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Dendrochronologia jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dendro ORIGINAL ARTICLE Blue intensity for dendroclimatology: Should we have the blues? Experiments from Scotland a,∗ b c c Milosˇ Rydval , Lars-Åke Larsson , Laura McGlynn , Björn E. Gunnarson , d d a Neil J. Loader , Giles H.F. Young , Rob Wilson a School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, UK b Cybis Elektronik & Data AB, Saltsjöbaden, Sweden c Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden d Department of Geography, Swansea University, Swansea, UK a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Blue intensity (BI) has the potential to provide information on past summer temperatures of a similar Received 1 April 2014 quality to maximum latewood density (MXD), but at a substantially reduced cost. This paper provides Accepted 27 April 2014 a methodological guide to the generation of BI data using a new and affordable BI measurement sys- tem; CooRecorder. Focussing on four sites in the Scottish Highlands from a wider network of 42 sites Keywords: developed for the Scottish Pine Project, BI and MXD data from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were used Blue intensity to facilitate a direct comparison between these parameters. A series of experiments aimed at identify- Maximum latewood density ing and addressing the limitations of BI suggest that while some potential limitations exist, these can Scots pine Dendroclimatology be minimised by adhering to appropriate BI generation protocols. The comparison of BI data produced using different resin-extraction methods (acetone vs. -
Ice Core Science 21
Science Highlights: Ice Core Science 21 Dating ice cores JAKOB SCHWANDER Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland; [email protected] Introduction 200 [ppb An accurate chronology is the ba- NO 100 3 ] sis for a meaningful interpretation - 80 ] of any climate archive, including ice 2 0 O 2 40 [ppb cores. Until now, the oldest ice re- H 0 200 Dust covered from a continuous core is [ppb 100 that from Dome Concordia, Antarc- 2 ] ] tica, with an estimated age of over -1 1.6 0 Sm 1.2 µ 800,000 years (EPICA Community [ Conduct. 0.8 160 [ppb Members, 2004). But the recently SO 80 4 2 recovered cores from near bedrock ] 60 - ] at Kohnen Station (Dronning Maud + 40 0 Na Land, Antarctica) and Dome Fuji [ppb 20 40 [ 0 Ca (Antarctica) compete for the longest ppb 2 20 + climatic record. With the recovery of ] 80 0 + more and more ice cores, the task of ] 4 establishing a good common chro- 40 [ppb NH nology has become increasingly im- 0 portant for linking the fi ndings from 1425 1425 .5 1426 1426 .5 1427 the different records. Moreover, in Depth [m] order to create a comprehensive Fig. 1: Seasonal variations of impurities in early Holocene ice from the North GRIP ice core. picture of past climate dynamics, it Summer layers are indicated by grey lines. is crucial to aim at a common chro- al., 1993, Rasmussen et al., 2006). is assessed with such a model, then nology for all paleo-records. Here Ideally the counting uncertainty is one can construct a chronology of the different methods for dating ice on the order of 1%. -
Scientific Dating of Pleistocene Sites: Guidelines for Best Practice Contents
Consultation Draft Scientific Dating of Pleistocene Sites: Guidelines for Best Practice Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................. 3 PART 1 - OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 3 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3 The Quaternary stratigraphical framework ........................................................................ 4 Palaeogeography ........................................................................................................... 6 Fitting the archaeological record into this dynamic landscape .............................................. 6 Shorter-timescale division of the Late Pleistocene .............................................................. 7 2. Scientific Dating methods for the Pleistocene ................................................................. 8 Radiometric methods ..................................................................................................... 8 Trapped Charge Methods................................................................................................ 9 Other scientific dating methods ......................................................................................10 Relative dating methods ................................................................................................10 -
The Disclosure of Climate Data from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia
House of Commons Science and Technology Committee The disclosure of climate data from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia Eighth Report of Session 2009–10 Volume II Oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 24 March 2010 HC 387-II Published on 31 March 2010 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 The Science and Technology Committee The Science and Technology Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the Government Office for Science. Under arrangements agreed by the House on 25 June 2009 the Science and Technology Committee was established on 1 October 2009 with the same membership and Chairman as the former Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills Committee and its proceedings were deemed to have been in respect of the Science and Technology Committee. Current membership Mr Phil Willis (Liberal Democrat, Harrogate and Knaresborough)(Chair) Dr Roberta Blackman-Woods (Labour, City of Durham) Mr Tim Boswell (Conservative, Daventry) Mr Ian Cawsey (Labour, Brigg & Goole) Mrs Nadine Dorries (Conservative, Mid Bedfordshire) Dr Evan Harris (Liberal Democrat, Oxford West & Abingdon) Dr Brian Iddon (Labour, Bolton South East) Mr Gordon Marsden (Labour, Blackpool South) Dr Doug Naysmith (Labour, Bristol North West) Dr Bob Spink (Independent, Castle Point) Ian Stewart (Labour, Eccles) Graham Stringer (Labour, Manchester, Blackley) Dr Desmond Turner (Labour, Brighton Kemptown) Mr Rob Wilson (Conservative, Reading East) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental Select Committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No.152. -
Volume 3: Process Issues Raised by Petitioners
EPA’s Response to the Petitions to Reconsider the Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act Volume 3: Process Issues Raised by Petitioners U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Atmospheric Programs Climate Change Division Washington, D.C. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 3.0 Process Issues Raised by Petitioners............................................................................................5 3.1 Approaches and Processes Used to Develop the Scientific Support for the Findings............................................................................................................................5 3.1.1 Overview..............................................................................................................5 3.1.2 Issues Regarding Consideration of the CRU E-mails..........................................6 3.1.3 Assessment of Issues Raised in Public Comments and Re-Raised in Petitions for Reconsideration...............................................................................7 3.1.4 Summary............................................................................................................19 3.2 Response to Claims That the Assessments by the USGCRP and NRC Are Not Separate and Independent Assessments.........................................................................20 3.2.1 Overview............................................................................................................20 3.2.2 EPA’s Response to Petitioners’ -
A New Mass Spectrometric Tool for Modelling Protein Diagenesis
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institutional Research Information System University of Turin 114 Abstracts / Quaternary International 279-280 (2012) 9–120 budgets, preferably spanning an entire glacial cycle, remain the most by chiral amino acid analysis. However, this knowledge has not yet been accurate for extrapolating glacial erosion rates to the entire Pleistocene able to produce a model which is fully able to explain the patterns of and for assessing their impact on crustal uplift. In the Carlit massif, where breakdown at low (burial) temperatures. By performing high temperature topographic conditions have allowed the majority of Würmian sediments experiments on a range of biominerals (e.g. corals and marine gastropods) to remain trapped within the catchment, clastic volumes preserved and and comparing the racemisation patterns with those obtained in fossil widespread 10Be nuclide inheritance on ice-scoured bedrock steps in the samples of known age, some of our studies have highlighted a range of path of major iceways reveal that mean catchment-scale glacial denuda- discrepancies in the datasets which we attribute to the interplay of tion depths were low (5 m in w100 ka), non-uniform across the landscape, a network of diagenesis reactions which are not yet fully understood. In and unsteady through time. Extrapolating to the Pleistocene, the trans- particular, an accurate knowledge of the temperature sensitivity of the two formation of Cenozoic landscapes by glaciers has thus been limited, many main observable diagenetic reactions (hydrolysis and racemisation) is still cirques and valleys being pre-glacial landforms merely modified by glacial elusive. -
The WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core WD2014 Chronology – Part 2: Annual-Layer Counting (0–31 Ka BP)
Clim. Past, 12, 769–786, 2016 www.clim-past.net/12/769/2016/ doi:10.5194/cp-12-769-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. The WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology – Part 2: Annual-layer counting (0–31 ka BP) Michael Sigl1,2, Tyler J. Fudge3, Mai Winstrup3,a, Jihong Cole-Dai4, David Ferris5, Joseph R. McConnell1, Ken C. Taylor1, Kees C. Welten6, Thomas E. Woodruff7, Florian Adolphi8, Marion Bisiaux1, Edward J. Brook9, Christo Buizert9, Marc W. Caffee7,10, Nelia W. Dunbar11, Ross Edwards1,b, Lei Geng4,5,12,d, Nels Iverson11, Bess Koffman13, Lawrence Layman1, Olivia J. Maselli1, Kenneth McGwire1, Raimund Muscheler8, Kunihiko Nishiizumi6, Daniel R. Pasteris1, Rachael H. Rhodes9,c, and Todd A. Sowers14 1Desert Research Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV 89512, USA 2Laboratory for Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland 3Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 4Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA 5Dartmouth College Department of Earth Sciences, Hanover, NH 03755, USA 6Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 7Department of Physics and Astronomy, PRIME Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA 8Department of Geology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden 9College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA 10Department of Earth, Atmospheric, -
Temporal Scales and Signal Modeling in Dendroclimatology Joel Guiot
Temporal scales and signal modeling in dendroclimatology Joel Guiot To cite this version: Joel Guiot. Temporal scales and signal modeling in dendroclimatology. Past Global Changes Mag- azine, Past Global Changes (PAGES) project, 2017, 25 (3), pp.142-143. 10.22498/pages.25.3.142. insu-02269697 HAL Id: insu-02269697 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02269697 Submitted on 23 Aug 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 142 SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS: CENTENNIAL TO MILLENNIAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.25.3.142 Temporal scales and signal modeling in dendroclimatology Joël Guiot Tree rings are demonstrably good proxies for temperature or precipitation at timescales less than a century. Reconstruction based on multiple proxies and process-based modeling approaches are needed to estimate the climate signal at lower frequencies. Paleoclimatological proxies "represent component of the trend. Afterwards, the method is complex and needs a large records of climate that were generated tree leaf area stabilizes, and a fairly con- number of replicated series for the same through physical, chemical and/or biologi- stant quantity of xylem is distributed along species. No method is perfect and some cal processes. -
Global Dendroclimatology in Sight from A
780 Nature Vol. 287 30 October 1980 Global dendroclimatology in sight from A. Barrie Pittock Dendroclimatology, the systematic study pressure and that sampling should be con calibration and earlier instrumental and of past climates using tree growth centrated in regions which are historical data for verification, it should be characteristics as proxy climate data, is a climatologically important and/or where possible to produce a detailed and relatively young science. It is often there are gaps in coverage from instru continuous climate reconstruction from confused with the much older and related mental, historical or other proxy data. 1750. Because of the abundance of data for science of dendrochronology, the dating of There is growing confidence that with some calibration and verification, this could specimens by the use of tree-ring modification existing methods can extract prove the best continent-wide proxy sequences. Dendroclimatology has only useful climatic information from trees in climate data set in existence and Europe really developed as a science since the many different parts of the world. could become a test bed for refining 1940s, primarily as a result of the As dendroclimatology has expanded dendroclimatic methods. pioneering efforts of workers at the into new geographical areas over the last Five-hundred-year long chronologies Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research at the decade, techniques have been modified are available already from living conifers in University of Arizona. Elsewhere, the and refined. One example is the use of the Alps and at the northern tree-line and serious application of dendroclimatic density as well as ring-width measurements are expected from living oaks in Scotland, methods has only begun in the last five for climate reconstructions. -
On the Origin and Timing of Rapid Changes in Atmospheric
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 14, NO. 2, PAGES 559-572, JUNE 2000 On the origin and timing of rapid changesin atmospheric methane during the last glacial period EdwardJ. Brook,• SusanHarder, • Jeff Sevennghaus, ' • Eric J. Ste•g,. 3and Cara M. Sucher•'5 Abstract. We presenthigh resolution records of atmosphericmethane from the GISP2 (GreenlandIce SheetProject 2) ice corefor fourrapid climate transitions that occurred during the past50 ka: theend of theYounger Dryas at 11.8ka, thebeginning of theBolling-Aller0d period at 14.8ka, thebeginning of interstadial8 at 38.2 ka, andthe beginning of intersradial12 at 45.5 ka. Duringthese events, atmospheric methane concentrations increased by 200-300ppb over time periodsof 100-300years, significantly more slowly than associated temperature and snow accumulationchanges recorded in the ice corerecord. We suggestthat the slowerrise in methane concentrationmay reflect the timescale of terrestrialecosystem response to rapidclimate change. We find noevidence for rapid,massive methane emissions that might be associatedwith large- scaledecomposition of methanehydrates in sediments.With additionalresults from the Taylor DomeIce Core(Antarctica) we alsoreconstruct changes in the interpolarmethane gradient (an indicatorof thegeographical distribution of methanesources) associated with someof therapid changesin atmosphericmethane. The resultsindicate that the rise in methaneat thebeginning of theB011ing-Aller0d period and the laterrise at theend of theYounger Dryas were driven by increasesin bothtropical -
“Year Zero” in Interdisciplinary Studies of Climate and History
PERSPECTIVE Theimportanceof“year zero” in interdisciplinary studies of climate and history PERSPECTIVE Ulf Büntgena,b,c,d,1,2 and Clive Oppenheimera,e,1,2 Edited by Jean Jouzel, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L’Environ, Orme des Merisiers, France, and approved October 21, 2020 (received for review August 28, 2020) The mathematical aberration of the Gregorian chronology’s missing “year zero” retains enduring potential to sow confusion in studies of paleoclimatology and environmental ancient history. The possibility of dating error is especially high when pre-Common Era proxy evidence from tree rings, ice cores, radiocar- bon dates, and documentary sources is integrated. This calls for renewed vigilance, with systematic ref- erence to astronomical time (including year zero) or, at the very least, clarification of the dating scheme(s) employed in individual studies. paleoclimate | year zero | climate reconstructions | dating precision | geoscience The harmonization of astronomical and civil calendars have still not collectively agreed on a calendrical in the depths of human history likely emerged from convention, nor, more generally, is there standardi- the significance of the seasonal cycle for hunting and zation of epochs within and between communities and gathering, agriculture, and navigation. But difficulties disciplines. Ice core specialists and astronomers use arose from the noninteger number of days it takes 2000 CE, while, in dendrochronology, some labora- Earth to complete an orbit of the Sun. In revising their tories develop multimillennial-long tree-ring chronol- 360-d calendar by adding 5 d, the ancient Egyptians ogies with year zero but others do not. Further were able to slow, but not halt, the divergence of confusion emerges from phasing of the extratropical civil and seasonal calendars (1).