DOCSLIB.ORG

Palestinians and the Search for a New Strategy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Palestinians and the Search for a New Strategy TIPPING POINT? PALESTINIANS AND THE SEARCH FOR A NEW STRATEGY Middle East Report N°95 – 26 April 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. GETTING TO NO: A VERY LONG DISENCHANTMENT....................................... 2 A. THE OLMERT-ABBAS NEGOTIATIONS ..........................................................................................3 B. 2009: OBAMA AND THE MIRACLE THAT NEVER WAS ..................................................................5 C. CAN PALESTINIANS TRUST THE U.S.?........................................................................................14 III. THE PALESTINIAN QUEST FOR LEVERAGE....................................................... 17 A. “INTERNATIONAL LEGITIMACY” ................................................................................................17 B. STATE BUILDING .......................................................................................................................21 C. POPULAR RESISTANCE ...............................................................................................................25 IV. ISRAEL’S QUANDARY ................................................................................................ 31 V. THE LATEST U.S.-ISRAELI DISPUTE...................................................................... 34 VI. CONCLUSION: A CRISIS IN SEARCH OF A STRATEGY.................................... 38 APPENDICES A. MAP OF ISRAEL AND WEST BANK/GAZA STRIP ................................................................................41 B. ABOUT THE INTERNATIONAL CRISIS GROUP ....................................................................................42 C. CRISIS GROUP REPORTS AND BRIEFINGS ON THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA SINCE 2007 ...43 D. CRISIS GROUP BOARD OF TRUSTEES................................................................................................44 Middle East Report N°95 26 April 2010 TIPPING POINT? PALESTINIANS AND THE SEARCH FOR A NEW STRATEGY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To those familiar with the rhythms of Israeli-Palestinian But it would be wrong – and, to Palestinians, profoundly negotiation, this has been a year of surprises. Palestinians, misguided – to see in the leadership’s current attitude a suffering most from the status quo, so most in need of a matter of mere personal frustration or political apprehen- resolution, balk at resuming talks even as Israel expresses sion. If the political manifestation of the diplomatic pa- eagerness. In Obama, they have a president more willing ralysis is of recent vintage, its roots run deep. Abbas is to engage and to confront Israel, yet they have denied him among the last among his people to arrive at the point he the chance to advance talks. Seventeen years after Oslo, has reached; he is the restrained and belated expression the best he can do is get the parties to talk indirectly – and of a visceral and deep popular disillusionment with the even then, not without overcoming huge Palestinian re- peace process as they have grown to know it. There is luctance. What is going on? The Palestinian approach equal disillusion with the U.S., a reflection not so much may seem tactically suspect or politically self-defeating of the new administration but of a broader historical ex- but is not without logic. It is rooted in almost two decades perience with Washington. That Obama has had to bear of unsuccessful U.S.-sponsored bilateral negotiations and the brunt of Palestinian disenchantment is but one of the manifested in embryonic efforts to change the balance of conflict’s many ironies. power with Israel. It is premature to speak of a new Pales- tinian strategy but not to respond and rectify past flaws. Neither the PLO nor its leadership has given up on nego- After an often perplexing, ineffective start, the U.S. seems tiations. They have invested in them too much for too poised for a more fundamental policy review involving long, and their power depends too heavily on the process the presentation of American ideas to resolve the conflict. to accommodate a swift and radical shift. Nor have they Done right and at the right time, it would be welcome. deeply reflected about, let alone developed, realistic sub- stitute strategies. Still, they have begun to give them some To many, the biggest shock has been President Mahmoud thought. They are focusing on three forms of action to in- Abbas’s resistance to return to the negotiating table. In a crease their leverage and reduce their dual dependency: striking turnabout for a leader who built his political life on Israel to end the occupation of its own volition and on around engagement with Israelis, close ties to the U.S. the U.S. to pressure Israel to do so. and faith in a negotiated two-state settlement, he has re- fused to resume direct talks despite American pressure A first idea making headway is to turn to the international until Israel agrees to both a comprehensive settlement arena, where the balance of power tilts more in the Pales- freeze and clear terms of reference. He has obvious, im- tinians’ favour. The suggestion of a UN Security Council mediate motives. Since late 2008, indignities have been resolution either endorsing the contours of a final settle- piled upon him: the Gaza war, to which he was a passive ment or recognising a Palestinian state on the 1967 bor- spectator; the election of a right-wing Israeli government; ders is a prime example. Israelis resent or fear others as the U.S. change of heart on a settlement freeze; and his well, including Palestinian recourse to international legal own ill-inspired decision to postpone a UN vote on the bodies or boycott of settlement products. Prime Minister Goldstone Report – condemning both Israel and Hamas Salam Fayyad wishes to go about the goal of statehood in for war crimes – which unleashed a wave of Palestinian a different way: painstakingly building institutions from and Arab criticism. More broadly, the Ramallah-based the ground up to prompt both international recognition leadership feels vulnerable, challenged by Hamas, con- and pressure on Israel to end the occupation. A newly stituencies within Fatah and large segments of public re-politicised civil society in the West Bank, backed to a opinion. Those hardly form propitious circumstances for degree by the Palestinian Authority (PA), is pushing a risk-taking. Awaiting somebody else’s next move seems range of hostile but largely non-violent initiatives directed the surer bet. at Israel as a path between the two dominant (and so far failed) paradigms of the past – peaceful negotiations and armed resistance. Tipping Point? Palestinians and the Search for a New Strategy Crisis Group Middle East Report N°95, 26 April 2010 Page ii Something is brewing, though so far there is less of a Some of these should take place before any proposal is strategy than meets the eye; instead, one sees tentative unveiled – repairing strained relations between Washing- steps of a leadership playing catch-up with a population ton and Jerusalem without backing down from U.S. core whose faith in negotiations withered long ago. This ad hoc principles; adopting a more flexible policy toward inter- set of approaches also suffers from internal limitations and nal Palestinian reconciliation; reaching out to typically contradictions. Each of these contemplated roads – whether ignored constituencies such as refugees, settlers and reli- going to the UN to pressure Israel; building and seeking gious groups; deepening engagement with Damascus and recognition of a state; intensifying acts of resistance or a efforts to restart its negotiations with Israel so that the combination of the above – involves Palestinians openly peace proposed is truly comprehensive. A distrustful Israel, challenging Israel even as they need its everyday coop- split Palestinian entity and divided Arab world hardly eration in the West Bank; indeed, in the case of state provide the ideal context for a successful U.S. initiative. building, success depends directly on Israeli goodwill. Other steps involve the campaign that would have to fol- low U.S. articulation of its views: a broad international That will be no easy balancing act. Circumventing nego- effort, chiefly involving Arab states, to provide political tiations to gain statehood would meet only certain Pales- backing to the Palestinians and the genuine pay-off of re- tinian aspirations and perhaps not the main ones. Most of gional recognition and normalisation to Israel. Assuming the West Bank would remain occupied; Jerusalem would it is done, putting forward an American vision should be not become that state’s capital; there would be no satis- neither the beginning nor the end of the process. Instead, factory resolution for the refugees. Fayyad’s institution it can only be the midpoint: the culmination of one ener- building – should it prove successful – paradoxically getic diplomatic effort and the launching pad for another. could diminish the urgency of international efforts and leave Palestinians with a mini-state in parts of the West Ramallah/Jerusalem/Washington/Brussels, Bank. Popular forms of resistance still have far to go be- 26 April 2010 fore they can become an effective mass movement, and they face the recurrent risk of slipping into violence. Till now, Israel’s reaction to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Catastrophe Overtakes the Palestinians
    Catastrophe A Note from the Editors Overtakes the Sami Hadawi’s life (1904–2004) mirrors Palestinians: that of many Palestinians of his generation. He grew up in Palestine during the British Memoirs, Part II Mandate years and was forced out in 1948, never to be allowed to return. He lived in Sami Hadawi exile the rest of his life and devoted his energy to the cause of Palestine. He became a well-known scholar of the Nakba, devoting his life to researching and documenting its effects on the Palestinians, in particular the refugees. Hadawi’s memoirs were circulated privately in English in 1996 in two volumes. In Jerusalem Quarterly 53, we published a selection from these memoirs about his early childhood in Jerusalem, titled “Sodomy, Locusts, and Cholera.” Below we publish a section dealing with the destruction of Palestine in 1948.1 The text reprinted here deals primarily with the memories of the author during May 1948, the same month in which Israel was declared a state over most of Palestine, while Jordan annexed the eastern part of the country as the kingdom’s West Bank and Egypt took over the administration of the Gaza Strip. The text below is faithful to the original with two exceptions: spelling, punctuation, and capitalization have been regularized; and we have added a few explanatory notes. For more on Sami Hadawi, see the introduction to the excerpt republished in Jerusalem Quarterly 53. *** The Union Jack over Government House came down after thirty years of British administration, and the British High Commissioner with his staff left Jerusalem on the morning of 14 May 1948.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mount Scopus Enclave, 1948–1967
    Yfaat Weiss Sovereignty in Miniature: The Mount Scopus Enclave, 1948–1967 Abstract: Contemporary scholarly literature has largely undermined the common perceptions of the term sovereignty, challenging especially those of an exclusive ter- ritorial orientation and offering a wide range of distinct interpretations that relate, among other things, to its performativity. Starting with Leo Gross’ canonical text on the Peace of Westphalia (1948), this article uses new approaches to analyze the policy of the State of Israel on Jerusalem in general and the city’s Mount Scopus enclave in 1948–1967 in particular. The article exposes tactics invoked by Israel in three different sites within the Mount Scopus enclave, demilitarized and under UN control in the heart of the Jordanian-controlled sector of Jerusalem: two Jewish in- stitutions (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah hospital), the Jerusa- lem British War Cemetery, and the Palestinian village of Issawiya. The idea behind these tactics was to use the Demilitarization Agreement, signed by Israel, Transjor- dan, and the UN on July 7, 1948, to undermine the status of Jerusalem as a Corpus Separatum, as had been proposed in UN Resolution 181 II. The concept of sovereignty stands at the center of numerous academic tracts written in the decades since the end of the Cold War and the partition of Europe. These days, with international attention focused on the question of Jerusalem’s international status – that is, Israel’s sovereignty over the town – there is partic- ularly good reason to examine the broad range of definitions yielded by these discussions. Such an examination can serve as the basis for an informed analy- sis of Israel’s policy in the past and, to some extent, even help clarify its current approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel's National Religious and the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict
    Leap of Faith: Israel’s National Religious and the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict Middle East Report N°147 | 21 November 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iv I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Religious Zionism: From Ascendance to Fragmentation ................................................ 5 A. 1973: A Turning Point ................................................................................................ 5 B. 1980s and 1990s: Polarisation ................................................................................... 7 C. The Gaza Disengagement and its Aftermath ............................................................. 11 III. Settling the Land .............................................................................................................. 14 A. Bargaining with the State: The Kookists ................................................................... 15 B. Defying the State: The Hilltop Youth ........................................................................ 17 IV. From the Hills to the State ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • J Street Sides with Israel's Enemies & Works to Destroy Support for Israel
    ZIONIST ORGANIZATION OF AMERICA J Street Sides With Israel’s Enemies & Works to Destroy Support for Israel Special Report Including Executive Summary by The Zionist Organization of America by Morton A. Klein, Elizabeth Berney, Esq., and Daniel Mandel, PhD “J Street is one of the most virulent anti-Israel organizations in the history of Zionism and Judaism.” - Prof. Alan Dershowitz, Harvard Law School Copyright 2018, Zionist Organization of America CONTENTS Table of Contents . i Executive Summary . ES-00 - ES-13 Full Report . 1 Introduction . 1 I. J Street’s Anti-Israel, Foreign & Muslim Donors, and Its Lies About Them. 1 (1) For years, J Street Falsely Denied that Anti-Zionist Billionaire George Soros Was A Major J Street Funder . 1 (2) J Street’s Arab, Muslim and Foreign Donors . 4 II. J Street’s Interconnected Web Of Extremist Anti-Israel Organizations . 9 (1) J Street Is Part of a Soros-Funded Web of Anti-Israel Organizations . 9 (2) J Street Is Also Part of an Interconnected Web of Extremist Organizations Working to Delegitimize Israel, Founded by and/or Coordinated by J Street President Ben-Ami’s Consulting Firm . 11 III. J Street Persistently Even Opposes Israel’s Existence, Persistently Defames and Condemns Israel, And Has Even Encouraged Anti-Israel Violence. 12 (1) J Street Persistently Maligns and Blames Israel . 12 (2) J Street Speakers Have Called for the End of the Jewish State; and a J Street Official Letter to Congress Supported Those Calling for an End to Israel’s Existence . 15 (3) J Street’s Co-Founder Condemned Israel’s Creation As “Wrong” – A Repeated J Street Theme .
    [Show full text]
  • October 2020
    OCTOBER 2020 MAKING MEAT RIGHT OCTOBER 2020 02 FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENT This presentation was prepared by MeaTech Ltd. (the “Company”), and reports filed in connection with the Company with the Israel Securities is given to you only for the provision of concise information for the sake Authority and the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange Ltd., including warnings of convenience, and may not be copied or distributed to any other regarding forward-looking information, as defined in the Securities Law, person. The data and information included in this presentation should 5728-1968, included therein. The forward-looking information in the not be interpreted as advice and should not be relied on for any purpose. presentation may not materialize, in whole or in part, or may materialize Such data and information should not be copied or used except as differently than expected, or may be affected by factors that cannot be expressly permitted in writing. This presentation does not purport to assessed in advance. For the avoidance of doubt, it is clarified that the be comprehensive or to contain any and all information which might be Company do not undertake to update and/or modify the information relevant in connection with the making of a decision on an investment included in the presentation to reflect events and/or circumstances in securities of the Company. No explicit or implicit representation occurring after the date of preparation of the presentation. This or undertaking is given by any person regarding the accuracy or presentation is not an offer or invitation to buy or subscribe for any integrity of any information included in this presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Danny Ayalon: Israel Welcomes Changes in Arab Countries but Remains Very Cautious
    Danny Ayalon: Israel welcomes changes in Arab countries but remains very cautious European Jewish Press by: Yossi Lempkowicz, 01/03/ 2011 BRUSSELS (EJP)---Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon said Israel "welcomes" the changes towards democracy in Arab countries but it remains "cautious" because "we do see an attempt by Iran’s agents, Hezbollah and Hamas to interfere and to legitimize extremist elements in the region." "In democracy it’s not just a matter of pluralism but also of the rule of law. And just like in Europe you don’t allow racist or Nazi parties, we have to make sure that racist extremist elements will not hijack the situation and fill up the vacuum," he said in an interview with EJP in Brussels on Tuesday. "Some elements within the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt could be very dangerous and we have to look very carefully and not to be kind by euphemism and games." "In Israel also, a party, Kach, was at the time barred by the Supreme Court to run for elections because it was racist," he said. According to Ayalon, with these events the world finally realizesthat the central issue in the Middle East is not the Palestinian issue but rather the dysfunctions of Arab societies, illiteracy and poverty. Ayalon, who is on a visit here to discuss recent developments in the Middle East with senior EU officials and address a European think-tank, said he doesn’t agree with EU’s view that current events make it more important to renew Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations. "I think this is not true.
    [Show full text]
  • Ordinary Jerusalem 1840–1940
    Ordinary Jerusalem 1840–1940 Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access Open Jerusalem Edited by Vincent Lemire (Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée University) and Angelos Dalachanis (French School at Athens) VOLUME 1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/opje Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access Ordinary Jerusalem 1840–1940 Opening New Archives, Revisiting a Global City Edited by Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire LEIDEN | BOSTON Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC-ND License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. The Open Jerusalem project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) (starting grant No 337895) Note for the cover image: Photograph of two women making Palestinian point lace seated outdoors on a balcony, with the Old City of Jerusalem in the background. American Colony School of Handicrafts, Jerusalem, Palestine, ca. 1930. G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/item/mamcol.054/ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Dalachanis, Angelos, editor.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Democracy: Fighting for the Ground Rules
    Project Democracy: Fighting for the Ground Rules Chapter 4: Freedom of Speech, Dissent, and Political Activity Freedom of speech is a basic human right and an essential component of any democracy. It is this freedom that enables citizens to exchange views and information, to protest against injustice, to influence the public discourse, and to criticize the actions of the government. As such, freedom of speech represents a necessary condition for the informed and effective political participation of a country's citizenry. Restrictions on free speech cause harm to democratic life and stands in contradiction to the fundamental principles of democracy – that government should impose no more than the necessary minimum of restrictions on individuals, especially regarding their basic rights. The safeguarding of free speech is especially critical for defending the rights of minority groups. Minorities often suffer from limited political influence and limited access to the corridors of power, and so the arena of public expression is where they are best able to give voice to their positions, to protest, and to influence public opinion. In numerous and unrelenting rulings and legal decisions, Israel's Supreme Court has defended freedom of speech, calling it “the lifeline of democracy.” In these principled rulings, time after time the justices have affirmed that the true test of freedom of speech is not the defense of commonly accepted statements – which no one seeks to limit anyway – but of statements considered irritating, extreme, and unexceptional. Over the last two years, we have witnessed increasing threats in Israel to freedom of speech and those freedoms which derive from it: The right to demonstrate, freedom of the press, academic freedom and freedom of political activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Masterscriptie Staats- En Bestuursrecht
    Masterscriptie Staats- en Bestuursrecht Het vrije mandaat: feit of fictie? Beperkingen aan fractieafsplitsingen getoetst aan het vrije mandaat van Tweede Kamerleden Auteur A. (Arie) Vonk Noordegraaf LL.B. Studentnummer 3675386 Begeleider prof. mr. R. Nehmelman Datum 22 maart 2017 Sol Iustitiae Illustra Nos - Zon der Gerechtigheid, verlicht ons 2 Voorwoord Maartensdijk, 22 maart 2017 Met het afronden van mijn masterscriptie Staats- en Bestuursrecht komt er einde aan mijn studietijd aan de Universiteit Utrecht. Ik heb de afgelopen jaren enorm veel geleerd en ook genoten van de vele juridische vraagstukken die besproken werden. Na het afronden van de bachelor Rechtsgeleerdheid met een scriptie over de vrijheid van onderwijs was de master Staats- en Bestuursrecht een voor de hand liggende keuze. De master sloot goed aan op mijn (politieke) interesses. Hoewel ik zowel het staatsrecht als het bestuursrecht bestudeerde, ligt mijn hart toch echt bij het staatsrecht. Deze scriptie is daar een bewijs van. Het is mooi om juist in dit voorjaar mijn masterscriptie af te ronden. Het jaar 2017 is in het licht van het onderwerp van deze masterscriptie namelijk een bijzonder jaar. Het is dit jaar precies honderd jaar geleden dat in 1917 het stelsel van evenredige vertegenwoordiging werd ingevoerd. Het jaar 1917 is een keerpunt in de parlementaire geschiedenis van Nederland. Enerzijds is dit het begin van de hedendaagse parlementaire democratie. Anderzijds is de invoering van het stelsel van evenredige vertegenwoordiging ook een bedreiging voor het vrije en persoonlijke mandaat van Tweede Kamerleden. De partijmacht wordt groter terwijl individuele Tweede Kamerleden ook in 2017 worden geacht zonder last te stemmen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Times They Are A-Changin'
    The Times They Are A-Changin’ This post is by Hillel Schenker: In 1963, two months after Dr. Martin Luther King said that he had a dream, and Joan Baez, Bob Dylan and Peter Paul and Mary sang “How many roads must a man walk down/before they can call him a man” before hundreds of thousands of freedom marchers in the heart of Washington, I came from New York to live on Kibbutz Barkai in Israel, a few kilometers from the West Bank border. On Friday, November 22nd, the kibbutz held an evening of local artists, and as a product of the folk song revolution sweeping America, I sang, together with my even younger wife Nava, the first Israeli rendition of Dylan’s “Blowin’ in the Wind.” This came naturally, given that she grew up in a progressive housing complex in the Bronx. One of her older brother’s friends was Richie Havens, a child of one of the few black families in the neighborhood, who was to sing “Freedom” a few years later at Woodstock, and her father had fought against fascism in Spain in the Lincoln Brigade, which inspired so many songs of struggle like “Viva La Quince Brigada” and others. As for myself, after 8 years of studying the piano like a good Jewish boy, I had discovered the guitar, the “People’s Song Book” and “Sing Out!” magazine, which had inspired a revival of folk and protest music. As a contemporary of the new generation of singer/songwriters like Dylan, Phil Ochs, Tom Paxton and Paul Simon, it seemed natural to pick up a guitar and sing, in Washington Square, on the New York subway or before the lawn in Washington in front of the Lincoln Memorial.
    [Show full text]
  • March 16, 2020 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER I Before
    ICC-01/18-79 16-03-2020 1/32 NM PT Original: English Case: ICC-01/18 Date: March 16, 2020 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER I Before: Judge Péter Kovács, Presiding Judge Judge Marc Perrin de Brichambaut Judge Reine Adélaïde Sophie Alapini-Gansou SITUATION IN THE STATE OF PALESTINE Public Written Observation of Shurat HaDin on the Issue of Affected Communities Source: SHURAT HADIN – Israel Law Center Israel, 10 HaTa'as Street Ramat Gan, 52512. Phone: 972-3-7514175 Fax: 972-3-7514174 Email: [email protected] 1/32 Case: ICC-01/18 ICC-01/18-79 16-03-2020 2/32 NM PT Document to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to The Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for the Defence Fatou Bensouda James Stewart Legal Representatives of the Victims Legal Representatives of the Applicants Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants (Participation/Reparation) The Office of Public Counsel for The Office of Public Counsel for the Victims Defence Paolina Messida Xavier-Jean Keita States’ Representatives Amicus Curiae The competent authorities of 'palestine' All Amici Curiae The competent authorities of The State of Israel REGISTRY Registrar Counsel Support Section Peter Lewis Detention Section Victims and Witnesses Unit Victims Participation and Reparations Other Section Philip Ambach Case: ICC-01/18 2/32 ICC-01/18-79 16-03-2020 3/32 NM PT 1. Consistent with the Pre-Trial Chamber's order of Feb 20, 20201, granting leave to submit observations, and in accordance with Rule 103 to the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, Shurat HaDin – Israel Law Center (SHD) respectfully submits its written observation in respect of the issue of jurisdiction in the case regarding “The State of Palestine”.
    [Show full text]
  • She Journal Neui$
    AFFD^VIT OF PUBLICATION ^P from She Journal Neui$ being duly sworn says that he/she is the principal;ipal clerl<clerk of The Journal faeNews, a newspaper published in the County of Westchester and State of New York, and the notice of which the annexed is a printed copy, was published in the newspaper area(s) on the date(s) below: Note: The two-character code to the left of the run dates indicates the zone(s) that the ad was published. (See Legend below) Zone Dates (r iJMJj 3_ CiL A II fyJ NUECr r NorFT Signed Sworn to before me LOLA M. HALL NOTARY PUBLIC, STATE OF NEW YORK NO. 01HA6112693 This 02X ^yday of QUALIFIED IN WESTCHESTER COUNTY TERM EXPIRES JULY 6. 2008 Notary Public, Westchester Coun Legend: Northern Area (AN): Amawalk, Armonk, Baldwin Place, Bedford, Bedford Hills, Briardiff Manor, Buchanan, Chappaqua, Crompond, Cross River, Croton Falls, Croton on Hudson, Goldens Bridge, Granite Springs, Jefferson Valley, Katonah, Lincolndale, Millwood, Mohegan Lake, Montrose, Mount Kisco, North Salem, OssiningrPeekskill, Pound Ridge, Purdys, Shenorock, Shrub Oak, Somers, South Salem, Verplanck, Waccabuc, Yorktown Heights, Brewster, Carmel, Cold Spring, Garrison, Lake Peekskill, Mahopac, Mahopac Falls, Putnam Valley, Patterson Central Area (AC): Ardsley, Ardsley on Hudson, Dobbs Ferry, Elmsford, Greenburg, Harrison, Hartsdale, Hastings, Hastings on Hudson, Hawthorne, Irvington, Larchmont, Mamaroneck, Pleasantville, Port Chester, Purchase, Rye, Scarsdale, Tarrytown, Thomwood, Valhalla, White Plains Southern Area (AS): Bronxville, Eastchester,
    [Show full text]