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A Survey of Aphid Parasitoids and Hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) on Six Crops in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
JHR 81: 9–21 (2021) doi: 10.3897/jhr.81.59784 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://jhr.pensoft.net A survey of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) on six crops in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Srwa K. Bandyan1,2, Ralph S. Peters3, Nawzad B. Kadir2, Mar Ferrer-Suay4, Wolfgang H. Kirchner1 1 Ruhr University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany 2 Salahaddin University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Karkuk street-Ronaki 235 n323, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 3 Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Arthropoda Depart- ment, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Arthropoda Department, 53113, Bonn, Germany 4 Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain Corresponding author: Srwa K. Bandyan ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Fernandez-Triana | Received 18 October 2020 | Accepted 27 January 2021 | Published 25 February 2021 http://zoobank.org/284290E0-6229-4F44-982B-4CC0E643B44A Citation: Bandyan SK, Peters RS, Kadir NB, Ferrer-Suay M, Kirchner WH (2021) A survey of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) on six crops in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81: 9–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.81.59784 Abstract In this study, we surveyed aphids and associated parasitoid wasps from six important crop species (wheat, sweet pepper, eggplant, broad bean, watermelon and sorghum), collected at 12 locations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. A total of eight species of aphids were recorded which were parasitised by eleven species of primary parasitoids belonging to the families Braconidae and Aphelinidae. In addition, four species of hyperparasitoids (in families Encyrtidae, Figitidae, Pteromalidae and Signiphoridae) were recorded. -
Gardening with Beneficial Insects
3/30/2015 Program Overview A review of Beneficial Insects Beneficial roles of insects in a garden ecosystem A little about natural enemies: Predators & Parasitoids Some common & not-so-common beneficial insects Encouraging beneficial insects in the Susan Mahr home garden University of Wisconsin - Madison Most Insects are NOT Bad As Food for Wildlife Over 1 million species worldwide, with over 87,000 species in the U.S. and Canada Only about 1% of all species of insects are serious pests Butterflies Beneficial Activities of Insects Pollinate flowers Many people want to Help decompose dead encourage these insects to visit their plants and animals gardens Kill pest insects 1 3/30/2015 Pollinators Decomposers Bees Break down dead Wasps animals and plants Flies Recycle nutrients Others Natural Enemies Predators Beneficial insects or other organisms that Eat other insects destroy harmful insects Usually larger than their prey Predators eat other insects Parasitoids develop in other insects Consume many prey Pathogens cause diseases in insects Feed as adults and/or immatures Predators Parasitoids Generally fairly mobile Smaller than their host Most have fairly broad host Only the larval stage is range parasitic May be large, conspicuous Immatures develop in/on other insects A single host for development 2 3/30/2015 Parasitoids The Cast of Characters: Some beneficial insects Adults free-living, usually winged and mobile Tend to be host-specific Often small, inconspicuous Praying Mantids True Bugs Order Mantodea Order Hemiptera Generally large Sucking mouthparts Raptorial front legs Simple metamorphosis Many crop pests and some Generalist, opportunistic blood feeders, too Minute Pirate Bugs Big-eyed Bugs Family Anthocoridae Family Lygaeidae 1-2 mm Similar to plant bugs Black and white Feed on mites, small insects Feed on mites, insects eggs and small insects Geocoris spp. -
Development and Parasitism by Aphelinus Certus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a Parasitoid of Aphis Glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Author(S): Andrew J
Development and Parasitism by Aphelinus certus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a Parasitoid of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Author(s): Andrew J. Frewin, Yingen Xue, John A. Welsman, A. Bruce Broadbent, Arthur W. Schaafsma, and Rebecca H. Hallett Source: Environmental Entomology, 39(5):1570-1578. 2010. Published By: Entomological Society of America DOI: 10.1603/EN09312 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/EN09312 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is an electronic aggregator of bioscience research content, and the online home to over 160 journals and books published by not-for-profit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. BEHAVIOR Development and Parasitism by Aphelinus certus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a Parasitoid of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) ANDREW J. FREWIN,1 YINGEN XUE,1 JOHN A. WELSMAN,2 A. BRUCE BROADBENT,3 2 1,4 ARTHUR W. SCHAAFSMA, AND REBECCA H. HALLETT Environ. Entomol. 39(5): 1570Ð1578 (2010); DOI: 10.1603/EN09312 ABSTRACT Since its introduction in 2000, the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has been a serious pest of soybean in North America. -
4-6 Edition 1 Booklet
Summer Science Activity Book 2020, Edition 1 Grades 4-6 1 Algorithmic Art Algorithmic art combines computer science and art to create code that helps make works of art. It breaks art creation down into super simple steps like “draw a straight line” or “draw a circle.” It then adds some random elements to it like “draw 5 circles anywhere on the page” to create unique works. These simple steps create something called an algorithm (said like Al-go-rhythm) which is where this artform gets its name from! Did You Know? Algorithms are used everywhere, even in your day-to-day life! Examples of algorithms include things like recipes or instructions on how to play games like tag. It can even include things like how to tie a knot or your shoes! They are a simple list of steps telling something (like you or a computer) how to do something. Below is an example of the algorithm for playing normal tag – it only has two steps! 1. If you’re it, tag somebody. 2. Or else, if you’re not it, run away from the person who is it. The best part about doing algorithmic art is that you do not have to use a computer for it. If you were to give an algorithm to another person, they can act as a computer for you and try drawing it! The result might look very different from how you imagined it depending on how specific your instructions are. Let’s try drawing a house! Algorithm Drawing Space! 1. Draw a big square. -
Download (15MB)
Dedicated to My Grandparents & Dr. Mohammad Hayat CONTENTS Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................... i 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 2. Review of Literature .............................................................................................. 4 3. Material and Methods ............................................................................................ 8 4. Abbreviations and Acronyms .............................................................................. 11 5. Terms and Measurements .................................................................................... 13 6. Explanation of terms ............................................................................................ 14 7. Classification of the family Mymaridae .............................................................. 17 8. Key to the Genera ................................................................................................ 19 Chapter 1 Revision of Indian species Alaptus-group of genera ....................................................................................... 21 I. Genus Alaptus Westwood ..................................................................................... 22 1. A. magnanimous Annandale....................................................... 25 2. A. jowainus Rehmat & Anis ...................................................... 25 -
The Insect Orders IV: Hymenoptera
Introduction to Applied Entomology, University of Illinois The Insect Orders IV: Hymenoptera Spalangia nigroaenea, a parasite in the family Pteromalidae, depositing an egg into a house fly puparium. Photo by David Voegtlin. Hymenoptera: Including the sawflies, parasitic wasps, ants, wasps, and bees 2 versions of the derivation of the name Hymenoptera: Hymen = membrane; ptera = wings; membranous wings Hymeno = god of marriage -- union of front and hind wings by hamuli Web sites to check: Hymenoptera at BugGuide Hymenoptera on the NCSU General Entomology page Description and identification: Adult: Mouthparts: chewing or chewing/lapping Size: Minute to large Wings: 4 or none, front wing larger than hind wing, front and hind wings are coupled by hamuli to function as one. Antennae: Long and filiform (hairlike) in Symphyta; many forms in Apocrita Other characteristics: Abdomen is broadly joined to the thorax in Symphyta; constricted to form a "waist"-like propodeum in Apocrita. Immatures: In Symphyta, eruciform (caterpillar-like), but with 6 or more pairs of prolegs that lack crochets; 2 large stemmata; all are plant-feeders In Apocrita, larvae have true head capsules, but no legs; some feed on other arthropods Metamorphosis: Complete Habitat: On vegetation, as parasites of other insects, in social colonies Pest or Beneficial Status: A few plant pests (sawflies); many are beneficial as parasites of other insects and as pollinators. Honey bees are important pollinators and produce honey. Stinging species can injure humans and domestic animals. Introduction to Applied Entomology, University of Illinois Suborder Symphyta (one of two suborders): The sawflies and horntails. The name sawfly is derived from the saw-like nature of the ovipositor. -
World's Strangest Creepy-Crawlies 1 Preview
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................ 6 PICTURE CREDITS CREEPY-CRAWLIES #40-31 ELEPHANT BEETLE ....................... 8 JEWEL BEETLE .......................... 16 The Publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce MILLIPEDE ............................... 10 HICKORY HORNED DEVIL ................ 17 their photographs: CADDISFLY ............................... 12 GIANT GIPPSLAND EARTHWORM ........ 18 QUEEN ALEXANDRA'S BIRDWING ........ 13 HOT-PINK SLUG ......................... 20 Page 4-5: Shutterstock / Sugarless; Page 6-7: Shutterstock / Zoran Milosavljevic; Page 8-9: Andy Myatt / FAIRYFLY ................................ 14 HAPPY-FACE SPIDER .................... 21 Alamy Stock Photo; Page 8 inset: Getty images / Gary Braasch / Corbis; Page 10-11: Shutterstock / PJ_joe; Page 12: Shutterstock / Martin Pelanek; Page 13: Shutterstock / GR Photo; Page 14-15: The Natural History QUIZ ....................................... 22 Museum / Alamy Stock Photo; Page 16: Getty images / picture by la-ong; Page 16 inset: Shutterstock / CREEPY-CRAWLIES #30-21 Waravut Watanapanich; Page 17: Shutterstock / G Talley; Page 17 inset: Shutterstock / Betty Shelton; Page 18- ZOMBIE SNAIL ........................... 24 FROGHOPPER ............................ 32 19: blickwinkel / Alamy Stock Photo; Page 20: Rob Cleary / OEH; Page 21: Photo Resource Hawaii / Alamy Stock LESSER WATER BOATMAN .............. 26 GLOBE SKIMMER ........................ 34 Photo; Page 22-23: Shutterstock / funnyangel; Page 22 inset: Rob Cleary / OEH; -
Chalcid Forum Chalcid Forum
ChalcidChalcid ForumForum A Forum to Promote Communication Among Chalcid Workers Volume 23. February 2001 Edited by: Michael E. Schauff, E. E. Grissell, Tami Carlow, & Michael Gates Systematic Entomology Lab., USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History Washington, D.C. 20560-0168 http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov (see Research and Documents) minutes as she paced up and down B. sarothroides stems Editor's Notes (both living and partially dead) antennating as she pro- gressed. Every 20-30 seconds, she would briefly pause to Welcome to the 23rd edition of Chalcid Forum. raise then lower her body, the chalcidoid analog of a push- This issue's masthead is Perissocentrus striatululus up. Upon approaching the branch tips, 1-2 resident males would approach and hover in the vicinity of the female. created by Natalia Florenskaya. This issue is also Unfortunately, no pre-copulatory or copulatory behaviors available on the Systematic Ent. Lab. web site at: were observed. Naturally, the female wound up leaving http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov. We also now have with me. available all the past issues of Chalcid Forum avail- The second behavior observed took place at Harshaw able as PDF documents. Check it out!! Creek, ~7 miles southeast of Patagonia in 1999. Jeremiah George (a lepidopterist, but don't hold that against him) and I pulled off in our favorite camping site near the Research News intersection of FR 139 and FR 58 and began sweeping. I knew that this area was productive for the large and Michael W. Gates brilliant green-blue O. tolteca, a parasitoid of Pheidole vasleti Wheeler (Formicidae) brood. -
Taxonomic Groups of Insects, Mites and Spiders
List Supplemental Information Content Taxonomic Groups of Insects, Mites and Spiders Pests of trees and shrubs Class Arachnida, Spiders and mites elm bark beetle, smaller European Scolytus multistriatus Order Acari, Mites and ticks elm bark beetle, native Hylurgopinus rufipes pine bark engraver, Ips pini Family Eriophyidae, Leaf vagrant, gall, erinea, rust, or pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda eriophyid mites ash flower gall mite, Aceria fraxiniflora Order Hemiptera, True bugs, aphids, and scales elm eriophyid mite, Aceria parulmi Family Adelgidae, Pine and spruce aphids eriophyid mites, several species Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Adelges cooleyi hemlock rust mite, Nalepella tsugifoliae Eastern spruce gall adelgid, Adelges abietis maple spindlegall mite, Vasates aceriscrumena hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae maple velvet erineum gall, several species pine bark adelgid, Pineus strobi Family Tarsonemidae, Cyclamen and tarsonemid mites Family Aphididae, Aphids cyclamen mite, Phytonemus pallidus balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Family Tetranychidae, Freeranging, spider mites, honeysuckle witches’ broom aphid, tetranychid mites Hyadaphis tataricae boxwood spider mite, Eurytetranychus buxi white pine aphid, Cinara strobi clover mite, Bryobia praetiosa woolly alder aphid, Paraprociphilus tessellatus European red mite, Panonychus ulmi woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum honeylocust spider mite, Eotetranychus multidigituli Family Cercopidae, Froghoppers or spittlebugs spruce spider mite, Oligonychus ununguis spittlebugs, several -
Towards Classical Biological Control of Leek Moth
____________________________________________________________________________ Ateyyat This project seeks to provide greater coherence for the biocontrol knowledge system for regulators and researchers; create an open access information source for biocontrol re- search of agricultural pests in California, which will stimulate greater international knowl- edge sharing about agricultural pests in Mediterranean climates; and facilitate the exchange of information through a cyberinfrastructure among government regulators, and biocontrol entomologists and practitioners. It seeks broader impacts through: the uploading of previ- ously unavailable data being made openly accessible; the stimulation of greater interaction between the biological control regulation, research, and practitioner community in selected Mediterranean regions; the provision of more coherent and useful information to enhance regulatory decisions by public agency scientists; a partnership with the IOBC to facilitate international data sharing; and progress toward the ultimate goal of increasing the viability of biocontrol as a reduced risk pest control strategy. No Designated Session Theme BIOLOGY OF CIRROSPILUS INGENUUS GAHAN (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), AN ECTOPARASITOID OF THE CITRUS LEAFMINER, PHYLLOCNISTIS CITRELLA STAINTON (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) ON LEMON 99 Mazen A. ATEYYAT Al-Shoubak University College, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, P.O. Box (5), Postal code 71911, Al-Shawbak, Jordan [email protected] The citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in- vaded the Jordan Valley in 1994 and was able to spread throughout Jordan within a few months of its arrival. It was the most common parasitoid from 1997 to 1999 in the Jordan Valley. An increase in the activity of C. ingenuus was observed in autumn and the highest number of emerged C. ingenuus adults was in November 1999. -
Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea
Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013 Taxonomic Paper Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea Natalie Dale-Skey‡, Richard R. Askew§‡, John S. Noyes , Laurence Livermore‡, Gavin R. Broad | ‡ The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom § private address, France, France | The Natural History Museum, London, London, United Kingdom Corresponding author: Gavin R. Broad ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev Received: 02 Feb 2016 | Accepted: 05 May 2016 | Published: 06 Jun 2016 Citation: Dale-Skey N, Askew R, Noyes J, Livermore L, Broad G (2016) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013. doi: 10.3897/ BDJ.4.e8013 Abstract Background A revised checklist of the British and Irish Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea substantially updates the previous comprehensive checklist, dating from 1978. Country level data (i.e. occurrence in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man) is reported where known. New information A total of 1754 British and Irish Chalcidoidea species represents a 22% increase on the number of British species known in 1978. Keywords Chalcidoidea, Mymarommatoidea, fauna. © Dale-Skey N et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Dale-Skey N et al. Introduction This paper continues the series of checklists of the Hymenoptera of Britain and Ireland, starting with Broad and Livermore (2014a), Broad and Livermore (2014b) and Liston et al. -
Drivers of Parasitoid Wasps' Community Composition in Cacao Agroforestry Practice in Bahia State, Brazil
3 Drivers of Parasitoid Wasps' Community Composition in Cacao Agroforestry Practice in Bahia State, Brazil Carlos Frankl Sperber1, Celso Oliveira Azevedo2, Dalana Campos Muscardi3, Neucir Szinwelski3 and Sabrina Almeida1 1Laboratory of Orthoptera, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 2Department of Biology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 3Department of Entomolgy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil 1. Introduction The world’s total forest area is just over 4 billion hectares, and five countries (the Russian Federation, Brazil, Canada, the United States of America and China) account for more than half of the total forest area (FAO, 2010). Apart from their high net primary production, the world’s forests harbour at least 50% of the world’s biodiversity, which underpins the ecosystem services they provide (MEA, 2005). Primarily the plants, through their physiological processes, such as evapotranspiration, essential to the ecosystem's energy budget, physically dissipate a substantial portion of the absorbed solar radiation (Bonan, 2002), and sequester carbon from the atmosphere. The carbon problem, considered a trend concern around the world due to global warming (Botkin et al, 2007), can be minimized through the carbon sequestration by forests. Forests have the potential of stabilizing, or at least contributing to the stabilization of, atmospheric carbon in the short term (20–50 years), thereby allowing time for the development of more long-lasting technological solutions that reduce carbon emission sources (Sedjo, 2001). Brazil's forests comprise 17 percent of the world's remaining forests, making it the third largest block of remaining frontier forest in the world and ranks first in plant biodiversity among frontier forest nations.