Poster Abstracts
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POSTER ABSTRACTS A CACHE WITHIN A CACHE: DESCRIPTION OF ARTIFACTS FOUND INSIDE AN ABALONE CONTAINER IN THE REDWOOD BOX CACHE, SAN NICOLAS ISLAND, CALIFORNIA. Amira F. Ainis*1, Lisa Thomas-Barnett2, René L. Vellanoweth3, Jon M. Erlandson4, and Steven J. Schwartz2, 1Department of Anthropology, 308 Condon Hall, 1218 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 [email protected] 2NAVAIR Range Sustainability Office, San Nicolas Island, California 3California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032 4University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History, 1680 East 15th Ave., Eugene, OR 97403 During the winter of 2010 two redwood boxes containing a large cache of shell, bone, lithic, and glass artifacts were found on the northwest coast of San Nicolas Island at CA-SNI-14. The boxes were discovered in association with two asphaltum covered water bottles with basketry impressions, a small sandstone bowl, and various ecofacts eroding from a notch on a cliff edge. An “abalone container” was found inside the West box and is the subject of this poster. The abalone container cache consists of 18 artifacts and two unmodified shells placed inside of two large black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) shells. Siphon holes of the larger H. cracherodii shell were plugged with asphaltum while the other H. cracherodii shell had the epidermis completely ground off. The plugged abalone shell was used as a container and the abalone shell lacking epidermis was placed on top as a cover. The artifacts found inside this shell container include: two eccentric red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) circular fishhooks, three shell pendants, an abalone (Haliotis sp.) button, two bird bone pendants, one soapstone bead, one steatite bead, a piece of chlorite displaying striations, and seven projectile points. The projectile points were crafted from local and non-local material types, including chert that has a rich and long history of use on the Channel Islands and glass from the historic era. This poster provides descriptions and preliminary analysis of the artifacts from the abalone container as a part of the varied collection of artifacts found in the redwood boxes. We address stylistic and functional attributes and explore how these items might relate to one another. The contents of this cache within a cache represent utilitarian and ornamental items from the long and rich Nicoleño culture of San Nicolas Island. MODIFIED AND UNMODIFIED MAMMAL AND FISH BONE FROM A REDWOOD BOX CACHE ON SAN NICOLAS ISLAND, CALIFORNIA. Jennie A. Allen*1, Thomas A. Wake2, Lisa Thomas-Barnett3, René L. Vellanoweth1, Jon M. Erlandson4, and Steven J. Schwartz3. 1Department of Anthropology, California State University, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032 [email protected] 2UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, BOX 951510, A210 Fowler, Los Angeles, CA 90095 3NAVAIR Range Sustainability Office, San Nicolas Island, California 4University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History, 1680 East 15th Ave., Eugene, OR 97403 This poster presents preliminary analysis of modified and unmodified bone from a redwood box cache found eroding out of a ledge on the north coast of San Nicolas Island (CA-SNI-14). The cache contained two redwood plank boxes filled with over 200 artifacts alongside two intact asphaltum-lined water bottles with basketry impressions. The focus of this study includes 42 bone specimens comprised of formal artifacts, bone cores, and fragments in different stages of tool production. Bone types include imported land mammal such as cow (Bos primigenius), marine mammal such as cetacean and sea otter (Enhydra lutris), and fish. Many of these artifacts have been identified as technologies associated with otter hunting and are formed in an Aleutic style, giving a more precise time period to this cache deposit. Other items in this assemblage of modified bone represent California style artifacts likely fashioned by Nicoleño people. Our analysis includes identification of all bone elements, possibly material sourcing, and technological and stylistic interpretation of modifications. This collection of artifacts provides a unique opportunity to examine the interplay between Aleutic and Nicoleño cultures during the historic era on San Nicolas Island. SEAFOOD FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIAN WATERS: FEW AND FAR BETWEEN Sean Anderson*, Pacific Institute for Restoration Ecology and Environmental Science and Resource Management Program, California State University Channel Islands, 1 University Drive, Camarillo, CA, 93012 [email protected] The aggregate effects of increasing restrictions upon local fishing effort in California waters have melded with our now globalized seafood industry to produce a situation where seafood landed in California waters now makes up a small fraction of the seafood offerings available to California consumers. For the past six years, my students and I have canvassed purveyors of seafood across the southern California counties of Santa Barbara, Ventura, and Los Angeles. This database now contains the origin, pricing, estimated carbon footprint, etc. for more than 25,000 individual seafood items from hundreds of restaurants and markets from a cross-section of geographies. Despite being some of the world’s most productive fishing grounds, the waters of the Channel Islands and coastal California overall now provide scant offerings for the everyday consumer (<4% of items for sale). This partially explains why few sustainable seafood options exist for consumers and why they cost ~20% more than the average conventionally harvested item. Seafood travels an average 5,482 (± 97se) km to reach southern California tables. Transport of restaurant items utilized twice as much energy and produced at least double the emissions of carbon dioxide (2.1 ± 0.9se vs. 1.1 ± 0.5se kg lb-1), volatile organic compounds, and nitrous oxides relative to the average supermarket item. Restaurants consistently provided less detailed information about seafood items, had less knowledgeable staff, offered fewer sustainable seafood options, but drew more seafood from our local waters relative to supermarkets. Lack of detailed seafood information appears to currently be the biggest barrier to wider purchasing of sustainable seafood in southern California. Educational campaigns directed at point-of-sale staff may be the most efficacious way to improve consumer knowledge, foster sustainable seafood purchases, and responsibly boost the viability of our local working ports and harbors. CALIFORNIA’S COASTWIDE STATE MARINE PROTECTED AREAS NETWORK Susan Ashcraft1, Christine Pattison2, Elizabeth Pope3, and Mary Patyten4, 1California Department of Fish and Game, 1812 9th Street, Sacramento, CA 95811 [email protected] 2California Department of Fish and Game, 3196 South Higuera Street, Ste A, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 3California Department of Fish and Game, 619 2nd Street, Eureka, CA 95501 4California Department of Fish and Game, 32330 N. Harbor Drive, Fort Bragg, CA 95437 Redesign of California’s statewide network of marine protected areas (MPAs) has been completed: By 2013, the network will include 124 coastal MPAs covering about 16 percent of California’s state waters. Twenty-six of these MPAs are along California’s islands, with additional protections provided at offshore rocks through 15 special closures. In this informational presentation, we will provide an overview of the statewide network, with particular focus on MPAs established at the islands and rocks, including the Farallon Islands, Catalina Island, and Begg Rock, in addition to the longer-standing MPAs at the Northern Channel Islands. We will discuss how implementing and administering a statewide system of this magnitude requires specialized planning for outreach and education, enforcement, and research, particularly at initial implementation, and the absolute necessity of building strong partnerships. Specifically, we will describe how the Department of Fish and Game, as the lead agency named in statute for managing the new MPAs, has focused its initial efforts in MPA outreach and education and coordinating with partnering agencies and organizations to support compliance, and, finally, its approach to authorizing monitoring and other scientific research activities within MPAs. Emphasis will be placed on the Department’s efforts to responsibly manage scientific collecting within MPAs, including consideration of best practices for responsibly authorizing and conducting scientific research within California’s network of MPAs. LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF FERAL SHEEP GRAZING ON HERBACEOUS COVER OF SANTA CRUZ ISLAND, CALIFORNIA Roxanne Beltran1, Nissa Kreidler*1, Dirk Van Vuren2, and Don Croll1, 1University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California, 95060 [email protected] 2University of California, Davis, Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, Davis, CA 95616 Understanding how insular ecosystems recover or are restructured after the eradication of an invasive species is crucial in prioritizing island conservation and restoration efforts. Invasive grazers, such as the feral sheep (Ovis aries) that occupied a large portion of Santa Cruz Island after the late 1800s, suppress plant growth and recruitment, perturb ecological succession, and alter competitive interactions between species, thereby reducing the overall biomass of certain flora while increasing the biomass of others. Sheep can alter entire ecosystems by suppressing woody growth and causing