O Light That Knew No Dawn Kevin Heider
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Rembrandt's 1654 Life of Christ Prints
REMBRANDT’S 1654 LIFE OF CHRIST PRINTS: GRAPHIC CHIAROSCURO, THE NORTHERN PRINT TRADITION, AND THE QUESTION OF SERIES by CATHERINE BAILEY WATKINS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Adviser: Dr. Catherine B. Scallen Department of Art History CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May, 2011 ii This dissertation is dedicated with love to my children, Peter and Beatrice. iii Table of Contents List of Images v Acknowledgements xii Abstract xv Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Historiography 13 Chapter 2: Rembrandt’s Graphic Chiaroscuro and the Northern Print Tradition 65 Chapter 3: Rembrandt’s Graphic Chiaroscuro and Seventeenth-Century Dutch Interest in Tone 92 Chapter 4: The Presentation in the Temple, Descent from the Cross by Torchlight, Entombment, and Christ at Emmaus and Rembrandt’s Techniques for Producing Chiaroscuro 115 Chapter 5: Technique and Meaning in the Presentation in the Temple, Descent from the Cross by Torchlight, Entombment, and Christ at Emmaus 140 Chapter 6: The Question of Series 155 Conclusion 170 Appendix: Images 177 Bibliography 288 iv List of Images Figure 1 Rembrandt, The Presentation in the Temple, c. 1654 178 Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago, 1950.1508 Figure 2 Rembrandt, Descent from the Cross by Torchlight, 1654 179 Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, P474 Figure 3 Rembrandt, Entombment, c. 1654 180 The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992.5 Figure 4 Rembrandt, Christ at Emmaus, 1654 181 The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1922.280 Figure 5 Rembrandt, Entombment, c. 1654 182 The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992.4 Figure 6 Rembrandt, Christ at Emmaus, 1654 183 London, The British Museum, 1973,U.1088 Figure 7 Albrecht Dürer, St. -
Newsletter: New Records in the Getty Vocabularies
Newsletter: New records in the Getty Vocabularies For the period January-June 2021 From the Getty Vocabulary Program, we send greetings and are hopeful that you are well. Here in Los Angeles, we are beginning to come back to the Getty offices slowly, after many months working from home. After our work-from-home period, we happily find ourselves at a significant milestone: We have essentially cleared out hundreds of thousands of backlogged contributions to the Vocabularies! With consultants at Ontotext and our colleagues at Getty Digital for technical support, the Vocabulary Program editors focused on pre-processing data in Excel and in Open Refine (https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/obtain/openrefine.html). Details about new data loads to each Vocabulary appear below. While we have had a moratorium on new contributions while working on the backlog, we may now begin to accept proposals for new contributions. Learn about the Letter of Agreement, the scope of each Vocabulary, and procedures for proposing contributions here: https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/contribute.html A primary goal is to make the Getty Vocabularies ever more multicultural, multilingual, and inclusive. We have undertaken a study to identify content lacunae in the Vocabularies, which we will target according to our strategic plan in the coming months. Our user statistics have remained consistently high during this period, making the Getty Vocabularies (https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/index.html) the most used resources on the GRI site. Total searches in FY21, July 2020-June 2021: Q1:566,228, Q2:360,194; Q3 616,048; Q4:612,074 Use of the APIs, LOD, Relational Tables, and XML formats was also high during this period. -
Loans in And
the national gallery review of the year 2008 – 2 0 0 9 loans to the national gallery april 2008–march 2009 The following pictures were on loan at Boldini In the Garden Kerrich Distant View of Lowestoft from the National Gallery between April 2008 British (?) The Fourvière Hill at Lyon the South and March 2009 Bürkel Distant View of Rome with the Knip Green Mountains * Pictures returned Baths of Caracalla in the Foreground Kølle A Courtyard in Rome Buttura A Road in the Roman Campagna Leighton Archway on the Palatine Her Majesty The Queen Camuccini Ariccia Leighton On the Coast, Isle of Wight Workshop of Fra Angelico Blessing Camuccini A Fallen Tree Trunk Leighton Houses in Capri Redeemer Camuccini Landscape with Trees and Rocks Leighton Houses in Venice Gentile da Fabriano The Madonna and Cels Sky Study with Birds Leighton An Outcrop in the Campagna Child with Angels (The Quaratesi Madonna) Closson Antique Ruins (the Baths of Leighton View in Capri Gossaert Adam and Eve Caracalla?) Leighton A View in Spain Leighton Cimabue’s Celebrated Madonna Closson The Cascade at Tivoli Leighton The Villa Malta, Rome is carried in Procession through the Attributed to Coignet River Landscape Mason The Villa Borghese Streets of Florence Attributed to Constantin Bridge at Subiaco Michallon A Torrent in a Rocky Gorge Pesellino Saints Mamas and James (Framed Attributed to Corot Staircase in the Michallon A Tree with Pesellino The Pistoia Santa Trinità Entrance to the Villa of Maecenas, Tivoli Nittis Winter Landscape Altarpiece NG727, NG3162, NG3230 and -
Christian Themes in Art: the Nativity in Art Transcript
Christian Themes in Art: The Nativity in Art Transcript Date: Wednesday, 8 December 2010 - 12:00AM Location: Museum of London The Nativity in Art Lord Harries Epiphany (January 6th), originally the important feast. Earliest mention of December 25th only in 336. That was date of feast of temple of Sol Invictus in Rome, the unconquerable sun, chief deity for Roman emperors in 4th c. Dec 17th feast of Saturnus with feasting, presents and reversal of roles. Funeral plaque to Severa, 330. Under streets of Rome; a noble lady in Catacomb of Priscilla (now in Vatican Museum of early Christian art). Basket seat for Mary. Magi, astrologers (REB), wise men, (RSV) Joseph pointing to star, from story of Balaam. 'I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not near; A star will come forth out of Jacob, A comet will arise from Israel. (Numbers 24, 17) Magic of ancient world at feet of Christ. Fresco in catacomb of Sts Mark and Marcellian, 4th c. Parallel of fresco of trial of three young men in Daniel, also in Persian dress. St Maria Maggiore, 5th c. Child Jesus on throne, kings on either side. Tradition still open and experimental Council of Ephesus, 431, title of theotokos. Now three king like figures. Santa Prassede, adoration of the three kings Rebuilt and decorated by Pope Paschal in 822. Note the different ages 4th century sarcophagus. Phrygian caps. Large star. Note animals. Pilgrim Flask, 6th c. from Palestine Helena located holy sites in 4th century-pilgrimages began. Take back souvenirs, ampullae with oil. Full frontal, imperial imagery, star a sign of divinity. -
Michel Sittow- Wall Text
final to film Why is Michel Sittow Called Netherlandish? lthough he was born and died in Tallinn (Reval) in what is now called Estonia, Michel Sittow’s paintings are catalogued and characterized as A Netherlandish. The reasons for this are basically stylistic and reflect Sittow’s training, technique, and the influences upon his work. From 1484 on he studied in Bruges, a center of Netherlandish art and culture, and as an appren- tice he learned the Netherlandish technique of oil painting. The name of his teacher is unknown, but presumably was Hans Memling (active c. 1465 – 1494), the city’s leading artist. It was not until 1940 that Michel Sittow’s life and career were documented and he was identified as the author of a group of paintings. Previously these works were thought to be by other Netherlandish artists. sittow.walltext.whysittow.3.indd 1 12/22/17 12:43 PM final-ready for film Chronology 1248 1506 Tallinn (then Reval), later the capital of Estonia, is founded on the Sittow documented in Tallinn where he stays until 1514. southern shore of the Gulf of Finland. 1514 1285 Summoned to Copenhagen to paint a portrait of the Danish king Tallinn joins the Hanseatic League, a confederation of merchants from Christian II. cities in Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Norway, and England who dominate trade in the Baltic region. 1515 c. 1469 In Brussels he is employed by Margaret of Austria (Isabella’s daughter-in-law), Sittow is born in Tallinn; his first teacher Regent of the Netherlands. He also was almost certainly his father Clawes works for Margaret’s nephew, the future van der Sittow, a painter and sculptor. -
Introduction
Images_006_007 4/28/05 12:22 PM Page 6 Images_006_007 4/28/05 12:22 PM Page 7 Introduction European painting are inevitably also great collections of Saviour and Sacrifice, the sheep and the shepherd, the stumbling block and the corner- A Christian art. In the National Gallery, London, roughly one third of the pictures – stone – paradoxes resonant and powerful in language, but almost impossible to paint. and many of the finest – are of Christian subjects. This is hardly surprising, for after The word has universal authority, acknowledged and asserted from the beginning. The classical antiquity, Christianity has been the predominant force shaping European image is always individual and specific, forced to opt for one aspect only out of the many culture. It is central to the story of European painting, preoccupying artists from Duccio that we know exist. Two illustrations show the extremes of the problem and the extreme to Dalí, inspiring some of the supreme masterpieces of all time. solutions advanced by different Christian traditions. In the seventeenth-century English Yet if a third of our pictures are Christian, many of our visitors now are not. And it is Protestant church of St Martin Ludgate in the City, a Baroque Italianate altar houses not clear that for most this is a difficult inheritance. In part this is because the pictures, made an image, but the Word of God – the Ten Commandments and the Lord’s Prayer (fig ). to inspire and strengthen faith through public and private devotion, have been removed This is in every sense the authorised version of the faith of the Old and New Testaments, from the churches or domestic settings for which they were intended and hang now and a monument to that enduring anti-pictorial tendency which runs from the earliest in the chronological sequences of the Gallery, not to the glory of God, but as part of a Church to the Byzantine iconoclasts and the Protestant reformers: only the Word. -
An Open and Shut Case?
AN OPEN AND SHUT CASE? AN INVESTIGATION INTO JAN DE BEER’S JOSEPH AND THE SUITORS AND THE NATIVITY AT NIGHT By Pamela Cox A dissertation submitted as part of the requirement for the degree of M.Phil (B) in the History of Art School of Languages, Cultures, Art History and Music University of Birmingham 2013 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The reason for this dissertation is to highlight the Barber Institute of Arts exceptional double-faced panel, Joseph and the Suitors and the Nativity at Night, by Jan de Beer. This essay investigates the substance, purpose and original destination of the paintings to firmly establish their great significance amongst the art of the Northern Renaissance. Furthermore this work aims to help re-establish de Beer’s reputation. In the sixteenth century he was one of the best and best known painters in Antwerp, when it was the most cosmopolitan city in Europe and yet outside of a small circle he is hardly appreciated today. 2 Contents Page Number