DOCSLIB.ORG

Cannabis Testing R E S E a R C H P R O D U C T S & T E S T I N G S E R V I C E S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cannabis Testing R E S E a R C H P R O D U C T S & T E S T I N G S E R V I C E S Cannabis Testing R E S E A R C H P R O D U C T S & T E S T I N G S E R V I C E S PESTICIDES CANNABINOIDS TERPENES CANADA PESTICIDE MIX 1 MYCOTOXINS CANADA PESTICIDE MIX 2 HEAVY METALS CANADA PESTICIDE MIX 3 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS PESTICIDE MIX (95 PESTICIDE) C O N T E N T S S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M the contents CANNABINOIDS STANDARD MIXTURES Standards, Metabolites & Stable Mixed standard solution of pesticides 03 Labeled Isotopes 15 as per Health Canada mandate TERPENES CANNABIS TESTING Standards and labeled isotopes of 16 SERVICES 06 over 35 commonly found terpenes ISO certified & Health Canada approved; ensuring your compliance PESTICIDES As of May 15, 2018, there are only 20 10 Offering a comprehensive portfolio of pesticides standards registered pesticides approved by PMRA for use on cannabis (marijuana) that is MYCOTOXINS produced commercially indoors. ISO certified mycotoxin solutions for 12 accurate validation and detection QUALITY YOU CAN RELY ON *APPLIED FOR P A G E 0 3 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M Cannabinoids STANDARDS, METABOLITES, INTERMEDIATES AND STABLE-LABELED INTERNAL STANDARDS A cannabinoid is one of a class of diverse chemical compounds that acts on cannabinoid receptors in cells that alter neurotransmitter release in the brain. Cannabis sativa L. has been used therapeutically for thousands of years. TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL It was well known that the plant had psychotropic effects, inducing a “high.” However, the cause of those effects was not understood until recently. Research into the effects of the plant led to the discovery of cannabinoids, which can now be separated into 3 classes: phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids. Besides THC, the strongest psychotropically active component, cannabis contains numerous other cannabinoids and phytochemicals. Some effects of cannabis preparations are caused by the actions of cannabinoids other than THC. For THC is one of at least 113 cannabinoids instance, cannabidiol (CBD)—after THC, the identified in cannabis. It is the principal cannabinoid that occurs in the highest concentration psychoactive constituent of cannabis. in many strains of cannabis—possesses antiemetic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. P A G E 0 4 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M Here are some of our products relevant to cannabinoids testing & research Product Cat No. Abnormal Cannabidiol A108910 Δ9-Tetrahydro Cannabinol D296955 Cannabidiol Diacetate C175308 Cannabinoids STANDARDS, O-1821 A100803 METABOLITES, INTERMEDIATES AND (-)-Cannabidiol C175300 STABLE-LABELED (+)-Cannabidiol C175305 INTERNAL STANDARDS (-)-Desoxycannabidiol D296945 (-)-Didesoxycannabidiol D296950 6α-Hydroxycannabidiol H824805 6β-Hydroxycannabidiol H824810 1’’-Hydroxycannabidiol H824815 2’’-Hydroxycannabidiol H824820 3’’-Hydroxycannabidiol H824825 4’’-Hydroxycannabidiol H824830 5’’-Hydroxycannabidiol H824835 7-Hydroxycannabidiol H877000 Cannabidivarin C175290 Cannabielsoin C175335 6-Oxocannabidiol Diacetate O848485 STABLE LABELED Product Cat No. Desoxy THC-d9 D296957 THE CHEMISTRY OF CBD Δ9-THC-d3 T295025 Δ9-THC-d3 (100μg/ml in Methanol) KIT2040 Δ9-THC-d3 (1mg/ml in Methanol) KIT2045 (-)-Cannabidiol-d9 C175302 Cannabidiolic Acid-d9 C175332 (-)-Desoxycannabidiol-d9 D296947 7-Hydroxycannabidiol-d9 H877002 (-)-Cannabidiol-d9 KIT1442 Abnormal Cannabidiol-d9 A108912 Cannabidivarin-D5 C175292 Despite minor stylistic differences, the only true chemical Cannabigerolic Acid-d9 C175322 differences are in the highlighted regions. This break in the Cannabidiol-7-oic Acid-d11 C175375 ring structure from THC to CBD allows CBD more Cannabigerolic Acid-d9 C175377 flexibility, and the additional hydrogen (H) on the oxygen Cannabidivarin-D5 C175292 (O) allows for an additional type of bond (hydrogen bond). * Cannabigerolic Acid-d9 C175322 6α-Hydroxycannabidiol-d11 H824807 *SOURCE: HTTPS://HIGHTIMES.COM/HEALTH/CBD/THE-CHEMISTRY-OF-CBD/ FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM UNIQUE AND QUALITY PRODUCTS RESEARCH SCIENTIST, MIT P A G E 0 6 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M Terpenes METABOLITES, INTERMEDIATES AND STABLE-LABELED INTERNAL STANDARDS Over 100 different terpenes have been identified in the cannabis plant, and every strain tends toward a unique terpene type and composition. Terpenes play a key role in differentiating the effects MYRCENE of various cannabis strains. Some terpenes promote relaxation and stress-relief, while others promote focus and acuity. Terpenoids, not cannabinoids, are responsible for the aroma of cannabis. Terpenoids are pharmacologically versatile: they are lipophilic, interact with cell membranes, neuronal and muscle ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, G-protein coupled (odorant) receptors, second messenger systems and enzymes. As the most prominent cannabis terpene, scientists have figured out the myrcene makes around 65% of all terpenes in numerous cannabis strains. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM P A G E 0 7 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M CANNABIS TERPENOID BIOSYNTHESIS Geranyl pyrophosphate is formed as a precursor via the deoxyxylulose pathway in cannabis and is a parent compound to both phytocannabinoids and Terpenes terpenoids. STANDARDS, METABOLITES, d-limonene is the second most widely distributed INTERMEDIATES AND terpenoid in nature and is the precursor to other STABLE-LABELED INTERNAL STANDARDS monoterpenoids through species-specific synthetic schemes. Phytocannabinoid and cannabis terpenoid biosynthesis SOURCE: BR J PHARMACOL. 2011 AUG; 163(7): 1344–1364. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM P A G E 0 8 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M Here are some of our products relevant to terpenes testing & research Product Cat No. (−)-α-Bisabolol L375800 (±)-α-Bisabolol D480775 TeCrapnneanbeinsoids (-)-Epi-α-bisabolol A697860 STANDARDS, STANDARDS, Borneol B675420 METABMOELTIATBEOSL,ITES, INTERMIENTDEIRAMTEDSIA ATNESD AND (−)-Borneol B675545 STABLES-TLAABBLEE-LAEBDELED Camphene C165050 INTERNIANLTE SRTNALN DSTAARNDASRDS Delta 3-Carene C183450 Beta-Caryophyllene C184725 Alpha-cedrene C364863 (+)-β-Cedrene C364868 (+) Fenchol F247453 Geraniol G367000 α -Humulene H674570 Isoborneol I780070 Limonene L461753 Linalool L465950 Myrcene M875300 Nerol N390095 Terpinolene T116630 STABLE LABELED Product Cat No. Borneol-2,3.3-d3 B675422 THE CHEMISTRY OF TERPENES Geraniol-D6 G367002 (+)-Limonene-d5 L461742 (-)-Limonene-d5 L461747 β-Myrcene-d6 M875302 α-Farnesene-d6 F102427 Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) condense to produce geranyl pyrophosphate, precursor to all terpenes and terpenoids. *SOURCE: HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/TERPENE FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM CANNABIS USERS 70% OF CANNABIS USERS ARE AGE 25 OR OLDER 50% OF CANADIANS HAVE USED CANNABIS PESTICIDE DETECTION HEALTH CANADA MANDATE: TESTING OF CANNABIS FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES FOR UNAUTHORIZED PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS LICENCED PRODUCERS MUST ALSO ADHERE TO SECTION 66 OF THE ACMPR WHICH STATES THAT “FRESH OR DRIED MARIHUANA OR MARIHUANA PLANTS OR SEEDS MUST NOT BE TREATED WITH A PEST CONTROL PRODUCT UNLESS THE PRODUCT IS REGISTERED FOR USE ON MARIHUANA UNDER THE PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS ACT OR IS OTHERWISE AUTHORIZED FOR USE UNDER THAT ACT” HEALTH CANADA P A G E 1 0 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M Pesticides METABOLITES, INTERMEDIATES AND STABLE-LABELED INTERNAL STANDARDS According to government sources, there has been at least ten product recalls from a wide range of licensed producers over the past year. Recently, the MYCLOBUTANIL: FUNGICIDE Candian regulator has announced that it will now require all licensed producers to conduct mandatory testing of all cannabis products destined for sale for the presence of unauthorized pesticides. The Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations makes it clear that only the 20 pesticides listed under the Pesticides Act for use on cannabis crops may be used at any point in cannabis production. Most widely used banned pesticide. Considered “slightly hazardous” by the World Health Organization, a “Bad Actor” by the Pesticide Action Network and its own label warns of nervous system problems and toxic fumes. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM P A G E 1 1 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M Here are some of our products relevant to pesticide testing & research Product Cat No. Abamectin A107000 Aldicarb A514650 PCeasntincaidbeinsoids Bifenazate B383020 STANDARDS, STANDARDS, Carbofuran C176590 METABMOELTIATBEOSL,ITES, INTERMIENTDEIRAMTEDSIA ATNESD AND Chlorpyrifos C425300 STABLES-TLAABBLEE-LAEBDELED Cyfluthrin C989510 INTERNIANLTE SRTNALN DSTAARNDASRDS Cypermethrin C183450 Daminozide D134700 Diazinon D416880 Ethoprophos E890530 Etoxazole E936600 Fenoxycarb F248870 Flonicamid F405710 Hexythiazox H298500 Malathion M111000 Metalaxyl M258740 Methiocarb M225240 STABLE LABELED Nerol N390095 Naled N245300 Product Cat No. Aldicarb-d3 A514652 For the complete list of 95 pesticides to be tested in Azoxystrobin-d4 A965152 cannabis products (as per Health Canada Mandate); please visit www.synfine-standards.com Boscalid-d4 B675852 Carbofuran-d3 C176592 Carbofuran-13C6 C176593 Cyfluthrin Phenoxy-d5 C989512 WORLD'S PESTICIDE USAGE, Daminozide-d4 D416717 BY CLASS Dichlorvos-d6 D435952 Diazinon-d10 D416882 Dimethoate-d6 D460507 Fipronil- 13C2 15N2 F342202 Fludioxonil-13C3 F427002 Imidacloprid-d4 I274992 Kresoxim-methyl-d7 K659002 Malathion-d6 M111002 Insecticides acting on target sites such as acetylcholinesterase (organophosphates and methyl carbamates), voltage-gated sodium channels (pyrethroids), nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (neonicotinoids) and ligand-gated chloride channels (macrocyclic lactones and phenylpyrazoles) account for more than 75% of total insecticides sales *SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.ESSENTIALCHEMICALINDUSTRY.ORG/MATERIALS- AND-APPLICATIONS/CROP-PROTECTION-CHEMICALS.HTML FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM Mycotoxins Cannabis cultivators and processors must be aware of these potentially life- threatening chemicals 1 2 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M P A G E 1 3 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Dissertation Entitled Uncovering Cannabinoid Signaling in C. Elegans
    A Dissertation Entitled Uncovering Cannabinoid Signaling in C. elegans: A New Platform to Study the Effects of Medicinal Cannabis By Mitchell Duane Oakes Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Biology ________________________________________ Dr. Richard Komuniecki, Committee Chair _______________________________________ Dr. Bruce Bamber, Committee Member ________________________________________ Dr. Patricia Komuniecki, Committee Member ________________________________________ Dr. Robert Steven, Committee Member ________________________________________ Dr. Ajith Karunarathne, Committee Member ________________________________________ Dr. Jianyang Du, Committee Member ________________________________________ Dr. Amanda Bryant-Friedrich, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo August 2018 Copyright 2018, Mitchell Duane Oakes This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of Uncovering Cannabinoid Signaling in C. elegans: A New Platform to Study the Effects of Medical Cannabis By Mitchell Duane Oakes Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Biology The University of Toledo August 2018 Cannabis or marijuana, a popular recreational drug, alters sensory perception and exerts a range of medicinal benefits. The present study demonstrates that C. elegans exposed to
    [Show full text]
  • CBD (Cannabidiol)
    TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD Driving Toward the Truth - Dispelling the Myths About Cannabis Products February 10, 2021 @NASEMTRB #TRBwebinar PDH Certification The Transportation Research Board has met the standards and Information: requirements of the Registered Continuing Education Providers •1.5 Professional Development Program. Credit earned on completion Hour (PDH) – see follow-up of this program will be reported to email for instructions RCEP. A certificate of completion will •You must attend the entire be issued to participants that have registered and attended the entire webinar to be eligible to receive session. As such, it does not include PDH credits content that may be deemed or •Questions? Contact Reggie construed to be an approval or Gillum at [email protected] endorsement by RCEP. #TRBwebinar Learning Objectives 1. Identify impacts of the Farm Bill on use of THC and CBD products 2. Describe the toxicology of THC and CBD products 3. Discuss how THC and CBD products affect driving performance and crash risk #TRBwebinar TRB Standing Committee on Impairment in Transportation (ACS50) TRB Webinar: Driving Toward the Truth - Dispelling the Myths About Cannabis Products Dr. Barry K. Logan Executive Director, Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE); Senior Vice President of Forensic Sciences, and Chief Scientist at NMS Labs Michelle Peace, Ph.D. Associate Professor and PI, Laboratory for Forensic Toxicology Research Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University Dr. Darrin Grondel Vice President,
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Delta-8 THC?? Cannabinoid Chemistry 101
    What is Delta-8 THC?? Cannabinoid Chemistry 101 National Conference on Weights and Measures Annual Meeting - Rochester, NY Matthew D. Curran, Ph.D. July 21, 2021 Disclaimer Just to be clear… • I am a chemist and not a lawyer so: • This presentation will not discuss the legal aspects of Δ8-THC or DEA’s current position. • This presentation will not discuss whether Δ8-THC is considered “synthetic” or “naturally occurring.” • This is not a position statement on any issues before the NCWM. • Lastly, this should only be considered a scientific sharing exercise. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 2 Cannabis in Florida Cannabis Syllabus • What is Cannabis? • “Mother” Cannabinoid • Decarboxylation • Relationship between CBD and THC • What does “Total” mean? • Dry Weight vs. Wet Weight • What does “Delta-9” mean? • Relationship between “Delta-8” and “Delta-9” • CBD to Delta-8 THC • Cannabinoid Chemistry 202… Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 3 Cannabis Cannabis • Cannabis sativa is the taxonomic name for the plant. • The concentration of Total Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Total Δ9-THC) is critical when considering the varieties of Cannabis sativa. • Hemp – (Total Δ9-THC) 0.3% or less • Not really a controversial term, “hemp” • Marijuana/cannabis – (Total Δ9-THC) Greater than 0.3% • Controversial term, “marijuana” • Some states prohibit the use of this term whereas some states have it in their laws. • Some states use the term “cannabis.” • Not italicized • Lower case “c” Florida Department of Agriculture and
    [Show full text]
  • Endocannabinoid System Dysregulation from Acetaminophen Use May Lead to Autism Spectrum Disorder: Could Cannabinoid Treatment Be Efficacious?
    molecules Review Endocannabinoid System Dysregulation from Acetaminophen Use May Lead to Autism Spectrum Disorder: Could Cannabinoid Treatment Be Efficacious? Stephen Schultz 1, Georgianna G. Gould 1, Nicola Antonucci 2, Anna Lisa Brigida 3 and Dario Siniscalco 4,* 1 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas (UT) Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (G.G.G.) 2 Biomedical Centre for Autism Research and Therapy, 70126 Bari, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted, repetitive pat- terns of behavior, interests or activities, are the core items characterizing autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Strong inflammation states have been reported to be associated with ASD. The endocannabi- noid system (ECS) may be involved in ASD pathophysiology. This complex network of lipid signal- ing pathways comprises arachidonic acid and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol-derived compounds, their G-protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2) and the associated enzymes. Alter- Citation: Schultz, S.; Gould, G.G.; ations of the ECS have been reported in both the brain and the immune system of ASD subjects. ASD Antonucci, N.; Brigida, A.L.; Siniscalco, D. Endocannabinoid children show low EC tone as indicated by low blood levels of endocannabinoids. Acetaminophen System Dysregulation from use has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of ASD.
    [Show full text]
  • In Silico Assessment of Drug-Like Properties of Phytocannabinoids in Cannabis Sativa
    EDUCATUM JSMT Vol. 4 No. 2 (2017) ISSN 2289-7070 / eISSN 2462-2451 (1-7) https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/journal/EDSC In Silico Assessment of Drug-Like Properties of Phytocannabinoids in Cannabis Sativa Shakinaz Desa1*, Asiah Osman2, and Richard Hyslop3 1Department of Biology, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia, 2Natural Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This study investigated drug-like properties of phytocannabinoids in Cannabis sativa using an in silico study. We report sixteen phytocannabinoids: cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabielsoin (CBE), cannabitriol (CBT), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ9-THCV), and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC). All chemical structures and properties were obtained from PubChem Compound, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Molinspiration was used for the calculation of molecular properties and bioactivity score. The parameters were molecular weight (MW), number of hydrogen acceptor (HBA), number of hydrogen donor (HBD), partition coefficient (cLogP), polar surface area (PSA) and number of rotatable bonds (NROTB). We predicted bioactivity scores for G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR) ligand, ion channel modulator, kinase inhibitor, nuclear receptor ligand, protease inhibitor and enzyme inhibitor. Lipinski’s rule was used as reference to determine the drug-like properties of the phytocannabinoids. All compounds have MW<500, HBA<10, HBD<5, TPSA<140Å2 and NRTOB<10. Bioactivity score showed an active or moderately active in all compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Cannabinoids: Novel Molecules with Significant Clinical Utility
    CANNABINOIDS: NOVEL MOLECULES WITH SIGNIFICANT CLINICAL UTILITY NOEL ROBERT WILLIAMS MD FACOG DIRECTOR OPTIMAL HEALTH ASSOCIATES OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA How Did We Get Here? • In November 2012 Tikun Olam, an Israeli medical cannabis facility, announced a new strain of the plant which has only CBD as an active ingredient, and virtually no THC, providing some of the medicinal benefits of cannabis without euphoria. The Researchers said the cannabis plant, enriched with CBD, “can be used for treating diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, liver inflammation, heart disease and diabetes.” Cannabis CBD like in this article is legally derived from the hemp plant. • CBD is the major non-psychoactive component of Cannabis Sativa (Hemp). Hemp plants are selectively developed and grown to contain high amounts of CBD and very low amounts of the psychoactive component THC found in marijuana. A few CBD oil manufacturers further purify their products to contain high amounts of CBD and no THC. 2014 Farm Bill Terminology • Active Ingredient • Zero THC • Cannabidiol • Isolate • PCR – Phytocannabinoid-Rich • Hemp Oil Extract • “Recommendation” vs. “Prescribed” • Full Spectrum Endocannabinoids (AEA) Phytocannabinoids Full Spectrum & Active Ingredient • CBD – Cannabidiol • A major phytocannabinoid, accounting for as much as 85% of the plant’s extract • CBC – Cannabichromene • Anti-inflammatory & anti-fungal effects have been seen • CBG – Cannabigerol • The parent molecule from which many other cannabinoids are made • CBDV – Cannabidivarin • A homolog of CBD that has been reported to have powerful anti-convulsive effects • CBN – Cannabinol • Sleep & Appetite regulation • Terpenes • Wide spectrum of non-psychoactive molecules that are know to act on neural receptors and neurotransmitters, enhance norepinephrine activity, and potentially increases dopamine activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacodynamics of Cannabinoids
    Open Access Archives of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Review Article Pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids Alexandra Sulcova* ISSN ICCI - International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute, Jachymova 26/2, 110 00 Praha, 2639-992X Czech Republic “Pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids “(i.e. a set of biological effects elicited in the *Address for Correspondence: Alexandra Sulcova, M.D, Ph.D, Professor of Pharmacology, living organism by interaction with its biochemical and biophysical functions up to the FCMA, FECNP, FCINP, ICCI - International cellular level) is studied for a long time during both, physiological and pathological Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute, Jachymova conditions. Cannabinoids received their names according to their natural occurrence 26/2, 110 00 Praha, Czech Republic, Tel: 420 732167678; Email: [email protected] as constituents of Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana). The species was classiied in the “Linnaeus’s Species Plantarum (1753)”, the word “sativa” means things that are Submitted: 12 April 2019 Approved: 07 May 2019 cultivated [1]. For ages, people have used cannabis-based preparations for healing and Published: 08 May 2019 pain suppression until the discovery (in 1897) of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) which contemporary medicine uses until today. Chemical investigation of marijuana conirmed Copyright: © 2019 Sulcova A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative various cannabinoid-type components called cannabinoids (presently estimated at Commons Attribution License, which permits about 150). Regarding their possible pharmacodynamic effects, tetrahydrocannabinol unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most explored. The determination of THC structure in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited by means of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging increased sharply the number of professional scientiic reports dealing with the studies of THC pharmacodynamic mechanisms of action [2].
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.449,908 B2 Stinchcomb Et Al
    USOO84499.08B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.449,908 B2 Stinchcomb et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 28, 2013 (54) TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF 4,663,474 A 5, 1987 Urban CANNABIDOL 4,876,276 A 10, 1989 Mechoulam et al. 5,059,426 A * 10/1991 Chiang et al. ................. 424/449 5,223,262 A 6/1993 Kim et al. (75) Inventors: Audra L. Stinchcomb, Lexington, KY 5,254,346 A 10, 1993 Tucker et al. (US); Buchi N. Nalluri, Lexington, KY (US) (Continued) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Alltranz, LLC, Lexington, KY (US) EP 0570920 A1 5, 1992 EP O656354 B1 12/1993 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (Continued) U.S.C. 154(b) by 1546 days. OTHER PUBLICATIONS (21) Appl. No.: 11/157,034 "Cannabinoid system as a potential target for drug development in the treatment of cardiovascular disease” by Mendizabal et al., Current (22) Filed: Jun. 20, 2005 Vascular Pharmacology, 2003, vol. 1, No. 3, 301-313.* (65) Prior Publication Data (Continued) US 2005/0266.061 A1 Dec. 1, 2005 Primary Examiner — Isis Ghali (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Foley & Lardner LLP (51) Int. C. A6DF 3/00 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT A6DF 3/02 (2006.01) A 6LX 9/70 (2006.01) The present invention overcomes the problems associated A6IL 15/16 (2006.01) with existing drug delivery systems by delivering cannab U.S. C. inoids transdermally. Preferably, the cannabinoids are deliv (52) ered via an occlusive body (i.e., a patch) to alleviate harmful USPC ...........................
    [Show full text]
  • On Brain Excitation and Inhibition Systems in Adults with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Pretzsch et al. Translational Psychiatry (2019) 9:313 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0654-8 Translational Psychiatry ARTICLE Open Access Effects of cannabidivarin (CBDV) on brain excitation and inhibition systems in adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a single dose trial during magnetic resonance spectroscopy Charlotte M Pretzsch1, Bogdan Voinescu 1,DavidLythgoe 2, Jamie Horder1, Maria Andreina Mendez1, Robert Wichers 1, Laura Ajram1,GlynisIvin3, Martin Heasman3, Richard A. E. Edden4, Steven Williams 2, Declan G. M. Murphy 1, Eileen Daly1 and Gráinne M. McAlonan1 Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a high cost neurodevelopmental condition; and there are currently no effective pharmacological treatments for its core symptoms. This has led some families and researchers to trial alternative remedies – including the non-intoxicating Cannabis sativa-derived compound cannabidivarin (CBDV). However, how CBDV affects the human brain is unknown. Previous (pre)clinical evidence suggests that CBDV may modulate brain excitatory-inhibitory systems, which are implicated in ASD. Hence, our main aim was to test, for the first time, if CBDV shifts glutamate and/or GABA metabolites – markers of the brain’s primary excitatory and inhibitory system - in both the ‘typical’ and autistic brain. Our subsidiary aim was to determine whether, within ASD, brain responsivity to CBDV challenge is related to baseline biological phenotype. We tested this using a repeated-measures, double-blind, 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; randomized-order, cross-over design. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to compare glutamate (Glx = glutamate + glutamine) and GABA + (GABA + macromolecules) levels following placebo (baseline) and 600 mg CBDV in 34 healthy men with (n = 17) and without (n = 17) ASD.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phytocannabinoides from Cannabis Sativa L. an Overview
    Hop and Medicinal Plants, Year XXVIII, No. 1-2, 2020 ISSN 2360–0179 print, ISSN 2360–0187 electronic THE PHYTOCANNABINOIDES FROM CANNABIS SATIVA L. AN OVERVIEW ONA Andreea Daniela, Sorin MUNTEAN, Leon MUNTEAN* University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Crop Science Department 3-5 Mănăstur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Cannabis sativa is among the first cultivated plants for producing fibres from the stalks and consumption of the seeds. Later, the medicinal properties were discovered. The oldest written record of using cannabis for the medicinal and recreational purposes is from China. Over the time many experimental researches were carried out that emphasize the importance of cannabinoids for human health. The present paper focused to present an overview of the main cannabinoids synthetized in cannabis plant and their medicinal and therapeutic effects. Cannabis has a complex chemical composition including besides cannabinoids (over 100), also terpenoids, sugars, alkaloids, quinones and stilbenoids. Of major importance are two compounds tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Over the time different researches pointed out the beneficial effect of cannabinoids on a wide range of diseases such as epilepsy, neurological diseases, mental conditions like anxiety and depression, chronic pains and certain forms of cancer. In addition to the important advantages it must be also paid attention to the psychoactive action of the certain cannabinoids that may produce cognitive disturbances, attention disorders, sever panic, can affect the short-term memory, and slow the reaction time. This deficits induced usually by THC can be moderate by using CBD which reduce the psychoactive effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Natural Cannabinoids
    Table of Natural Cannabinoids Scientific research continues to develop and further identify individual cannabinoids in cannabis strains and how they affect symptoms of illnesses suffered by patients. The table below identifies the chemical properties of the natural cannabinoids found in the average strains of cannabis. Levels of each of these chemicals will vary with varietal strain, growing method, and plant age. Individual cannabinoids can be enhanced or eliminated depending on need. Cannabigerol- type (CBG) Cannabigerol Cannabigerol Cannabigerovarin (E)-CBG-C monomethyl (E)-CBGV-C 5 Cannabinerolic 3 ether acid A (E)-CBGM-C 5 (Z)-CBGA-C A A 5 Cannabigerolic Cannabigerolic Cannabigerovarinic acid acid A acid A A (E)-CBGA-C5 A monomethyl (E)-CBGVA-C3 A ether (E)-CBGAM- C5 A Cannabichrom ene-type (CBC) (±)- (±)- Cannabichromen (±)- Cannabivarichromene, (±)- e Cannabichrome (±)- Cannabichrome CBC-C5 nic acid A Cannabichromevarin varinic CBCA-C5 A CBCV-C3 acid A CBCVA-C3 A Cannabidiol- type (CBD) 1 | Page (−)-Cannabidiol Cannabidiol Cannabidiol-C4 (−)- Cannabidiorc CBD-C5 momomethyl CBD-C4 Cannabidivarin ol ether CBDV-C3 CBD-C1 CBDM-C5 Cannabidiolic Cannabidivarini acid c acid CBDA-C5 CBDVA-C3 Cannabinodiol- type (CBND) Cannabinodiol Cannabinodivar CBND-C5 in CBND-C3 Tetrahydrocan nabinol-type (THC) 9 9 9 Δ - Δ - Δ - Δ9- Tetrahydrocanna Tetrahydrocan Tetrahydrocannabivarin 9 Tetrahydrocan binol nabinol-C4 Δ -THCV-C3 9 9 nabiorcol Δ -THC-C5 Δ -THC-C4 9 Δ -THCO-C1 9 9 Δ -Tetrahydro- Δ9-Tetrahydro- Δ -Tetrahydro- Δ9-Tetrahydro- cannabinolic
    [Show full text]
  • Cannabinoids and Zebrafish Issue Date: 2013-05-22
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20899 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Akhtar, Muhammad Tayyab Title: Cannabinoids and zebrafish Issue Date: 2013-05-22 Cannabinoids and zebrafish Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar Cannabinoids and zebrafish ISBN: 978-94-6203-345-0 Printed by: Wöhrmann Print Service Cover art and designed by M khurshid and MT Akhtar Cannabinoids and zebrafish PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 22 mei 2013 klokke 10:00 uur door Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar geboren te Rahim Yar Khan (Pakistan) in 1984 Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof. Dr. R. Verpoorte Co-promotores: Dr. F. van der Kooy Dr. Y.H. Choi Overige leden: Prof. Dr. S. Gibbons (The School of Pharmacy, London) Dr. F. Hollmann (TU Delft) Prof. Dr. M.K. Richardson Prof. Dr. P.G.L. Klinkhamer Prof. Dr. C.J. ten Cate To My Father and Family! CONTENTS Chapter 1 General introduction 9 Chapter 2 Biotransformation of cannabinoids 21 Chapter 3 Hydroxylation and further oxidation of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol by alkane-degrading bacteria. 53 Chapter 4 Hydroxylation and glycosylation of Δ9-THC by Catharanthus roseus cell suspension culture analyzed by HPLC-PDA and mass spectrometry 73 Chapter 5 Developmental effects of cannabinoids on zebrafish larvae 89 Chapter 6 Metabolic effects of cannabinoids in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo determined by 1H NMR metabolomics. 117 Chapter 7 Metabolic effects of carrier solvents and culture buffers in zebrafish embryos determined by 1H NMR metabolomics.
    [Show full text]