Cannabis Testing R E S E A R C H P R O D U C T S & T E S T I N G S E R V I C E S

PESTICIDES TERPENES CANADA PESTICIDE MIX 1 MYCOTOXINS CANADA PESTICIDE MIX 2 HEAVY METALS CANADA PESTICIDE MIX 3 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS PESTICIDE MIX (95 PESTICIDE) C O N T E N T S S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M the contents

CANNABINOIDS STANDARD MIXTURES Standards, Metabolites & Stable Mixed standard solution of pesticides 03 Labeled Isotopes 15 as per Health Canada mandate

TERPENES TESTING Standards and labeled isotopes of 16 SERVICES 06 over 35 commonly found terpenes ISO certified & Health Canada approved; ensuring your compliance

PESTICIDES As of May 15, 2018, there are only 20 10 Offering a comprehensive portfolio of pesticides standards registered pesticides approved by PMRA for use on cannabis (marijuana) that is MYCOTOXINS produced commercially indoors. ISO certified mycotoxin solutions for 12 accurate validation and detection

QUALITY YOU CAN RELY ON

*APPLIED FOR P A G E 0 3 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M

Cannabinoids STANDARDS, METABOLITES, INTERMEDIATES AND STABLE-LABELED INTERNAL STANDARDS

A is one of a class of diverse chemical compounds that acts on cannabinoid receptors in cells that alter neurotransmitter release in the brain. L. has been used therapeutically for thousands of years. It was well known that the plant had psychotropic effects, inducing a “high.” However, the cause of those effects was not understood until recently. Research into the effects of the plant led to the discovery of cannabinoids, which can now be separated into 3 classes: phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and . Besides THC, the strongest psychotropically active component, cannabis contains numerous other cannabinoids and phytochemicals. Some preparations are caused by the actions of cannabinoids other than THC. For THC is one of at least 113 cannabinoids instance, (CBD)—after THC, the identified in cannabis. It is the principal cannabinoid that occurs in the highest concentration psychoactive constituent of cannabis. in many strains of cannabis—possesses antiemetic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. P A G E 0 4 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M

Here are some of our products relevant to cannabinoids testing & research

Product Cat No.

Abnormal Cannabidiol A108910 Δ9-Tetrahydro D296955 Cannabidiol Diacetate C175308 Cannabinoids STANDARDS, O-1821 A100803 METABOLITES, INTERMEDIATES AND (-)-Cannabidiol C175300 STABLE-LABELED (+)-Cannabidiol C175305 INTERNAL STANDARDS (-)-Desoxycannabidiol D296945 (-)-Didesoxycannabidiol D296950 6α-Hydroxycannabidiol H824805 6β-Hydroxycannabidiol H824810 1’’-Hydroxycannabidiol H824815 2’’-Hydroxycannabidiol H824820 3’’-Hydroxycannabidiol H824825 4’’-Hydroxycannabidiol H824830 5’’-Hydroxycannabidiol H824835 7-Hydroxycannabidiol H877000 C175290 C175335 6-Oxocannabidiol Diacetate O848485 STABLE LABELED

Product Cat No.

Desoxy THC-d9 D296957 THE CHEMISTRY OF CBD Δ9-THC-d3 T295025 Δ9-THC-d3 (100μg/ml in Methanol) KIT2040 Δ9-THC-d3 (1mg/ml in Methanol) KIT2045 (-)-Cannabidiol-d9 C175302 Cannabidiolic Acid-d9 C175332 (-)-Desoxycannabidiol-d9 D296947 7-Hydroxycannabidiol-d9 H877002 (-)-Cannabidiol-d9 KIT1442 -d9 A108912 Cannabidivarin-D5 C175292 Despite minor stylistic differences, the only true chemical -d9 C175322 differences are in the highlighted regions. This break in the Cannabidiol-7-oic Acid-d11 C175375 ring structure from THC to CBD allows CBD more Cannabigerolic Acid-d9 C175377 flexibility, and the additional hydrogen (H) on the oxygen Cannabidivarin-D5 C175292 (O) allows for an additional type of bond (hydrogen bond). * Cannabigerolic Acid-d9 C175322 6α-Hydroxycannabidiol-d11 H824807

*SOURCE: HTTPS://HIGHTIMES.COM/HEALTH/CBD/THE-CHEMISTRY-OF-CBD/

FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM UNIQUE AND QUALITY PRODUCTS

RESEARCH SCIENTIST, MIT P A G E 0 6 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M

Terpenes METABOLITES, INTERMEDIATES AND STABLE-LABELED INTERNAL STANDARDS

Over 100 different terpenes have been identified in the cannabis plant, and every strain tends toward a unique terpene type and composition. Terpenes play a key role in differentiating the effects MYRCENE of various cannabis strains. Some terpenes promote relaxation and stress-relief, while others promote focus and acuity. Terpenoids, not cannabinoids, are responsible for the aroma of cannabis. Terpenoids are pharmacologically versatile: they are lipophilic, interact with cell membranes, neuronal and muscle ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, G-protein coupled (odorant) receptors, second messenger systems and enzymes. As the most prominent cannabis terpene, scientists have figured out the myrcene makes around 65% of all terpenes in numerous cannabis strains.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM P A G E 0 7 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M

CANNABIS TERPENOID BIOSYNTHESIS

Geranyl pyrophosphate is formed as a precursor via the deoxyxylulose pathway in cannabis and is a parent compound to both phytocannabinoids and Terpenes terpenoids. STANDARDS, METABOLITES, d-limonene is the second most widely distributed INTERMEDIATES AND terpenoid in nature and is the precursor to other STABLE-LABELED INTERNAL STANDARDS monoterpenoids through species-specific synthetic schemes.

Phytocannabinoid and cannabis terpenoid biosynthesis

SOURCE: BR J PHARMACOL. 2011 AUG; 163(7): 1344–1364.

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Here are some of our products relevant to terpenes testing & research

Product Cat No.

(−)-α-Bisabolol L375800 (±)-α-Bisabolol D480775 TeCrapnneanbeinsoids (-)-Epi-α-bisabolol A697860 STANDARDS, STANDARDS, Borneol B675420 METABMOELTIATBEOSL,ITES, INTERMIENTDEIRAMTEDSIA ATNESD AND (−)-Borneol B675545 STABLES-TLAABBLEE-LAEBDELED Camphene C165050 INTERNIANLTE SRTNALN DSTAARNDASRDS Delta 3-Carene C183450 Beta- C184725 Alpha-cedrene C364863 (+)-β-Cedrene C364868 (+) Fenchol F247453 G367000 α -Humulene H674570 Isoborneol I780070 Limonene L461753 L465950 Myrcene M875300 Nerol N390095 Terpinolene T116630 STABLE LABELED

Product Cat No.

Borneol-2,3.3-d3 B675422 THE CHEMISTRY OF TERPENES Geraniol-D6 G367002 (+)-Limonene-d5 L461742 (-)-Limonene-d5 L461747 β-Myrcene-d6 M875302 α-Farnesene-d6 F102427

Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) condense to produce geranyl pyrophosphate, precursor to all terpenes and terpenoids.

*SOURCE: HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/TERPENE

FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM CANNABIS USERS 70%

OF CANNABIS USERS ARE

AGE 25 OR OLDER

50%

OF CANADIANS HAVE USED CANNABIS

PESTICIDE DETECTION

HEALTH CANADA MANDATE: TESTING OF CANNABIS FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES FOR UNAUTHORIZED PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS

LICENCED PRODUCERS MUST ALSO ADHERE TO SECTION 66 OF THE ACMPR WHICH STATES THAT “FRESH OR DRIED MARIHUANA OR MARIHUANA PLANTS OR SEEDS MUST NOT BE TREATED WITH A PEST CONTROL PRODUCT UNLESS THE PRODUCT IS REGISTERED FOR USE ON MARIHUANA UNDER THE PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS ACT OR IS OTHERWISE AUTHORIZED FOR USE UNDER THAT ACT”

HEALTH CANADA P A G E 1 0 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M

Pesticides METABOLITES, INTERMEDIATES AND STABLE-LABELED INTERNAL STANDARDS

According to government sources, there has been at least ten product recalls from a wide range of licensed producers over the past year. Recently, the MYCLOBUTANIL: FUNGICIDE Candian regulator has announced that it will now require all licensed producers to conduct mandatory testing of all cannabis products destined for sale for the presence of unauthorized pesticides. The Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations makes it clear that only the 20 pesticides listed under the Pesticides Act for use on cannabis crops may be used at any point in cannabis production.

Most widely used banned pesticide. Considered “slightly hazardous” by the World Health Organization, a “Bad Actor” by the Pesticide Action Network and its own label warns of nervous system problems and toxic fumes.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM P A G E 1 1 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M

Here are some of our products relevant to pesticide testing & research

Product Cat No.

Abamectin A107000 Aldicarb A514650 PCeasntincaidbeinsoids Bifenazate B383020 STANDARDS, STANDARDS, Carbofuran C176590 METABMOELTIATBEOSL,ITES, INTERMIENTDEIRAMTEDSIA ATNESD AND Chlorpyrifos C425300 STABLES-TLAABBLEE-LAEBDELED Cyfluthrin C989510 INTERNIANLTE SRTNALN DSTAARNDASRDS Cypermethrin C183450 Daminozide D134700 Diazinon D416880 Ethoprophos E890530 Etoxazole E936600 Fenoxycarb F248870 Flonicamid F405710 Hexythiazox H298500 Malathion M111000 Metalaxyl M258740 Methiocarb M225240 STABLE LABELED Nerol N390095 Naled N245300 Product Cat No. Aldicarb-d3 A514652 For the complete list of 95 pesticides to be tested in Azoxystrobin-d4 A965152 cannabis products (as per Health Canada Mandate); please visit www.synfine-standards.com Boscalid-d4 B675852 Carbofuran-d3 C176592 Carbofuran-13C6 C176593 Cyfluthrin Phenoxy-d5 C989512 WORLD'S PESTICIDE USAGE, Daminozide-d4 D416717 BY CLASS Dichlorvos-d6 D435952 Diazinon-d10 D416882 Dimethoate-d6 D460507 Fipronil- 13C2 15N2 F342202 Fludioxonil-13C3 F427002 Imidacloprid-d4 I274992 Kresoxim-methyl-d7 K659002 Malathion-d6 M111002

Insecticides acting on target sites such as acetylcholinesterase (organophosphates and methyl carbamates), voltage-gated sodium channels (pyrethroids), nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (neonicotinoids) and ligand-gated chloride channels (macrocyclic lactones and phenylpyrazoles) account for more than 75% of total insecticides sales

*SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.ESSENTIALCHEMICALINDUSTRY.ORG/MATERIALS- AND-APPLICATIONS/CROP-PROTECTION-CHEMICALS.HTML

FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM Mycotoxins

Cannabis cultivators and processors must be aware of these potentially life- threatening chemicals

1 2 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M P A G E 1 3 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M

Mycotoxins METABOLITES, INTERMEDIATES AND STABLE-LABELED INTERNAL STANDARDS

Two of the primary types of mycotoxins that are associated with cannabis are aflatoxins and ochratoxins. Aflatoxins are chemical mycotoxins AFLATOXINS & OCHRATOXINS produced by the Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus fungal species that suppress the immune system, mutate DNA, cause liver cancer (hepatocarcinoma) and can cross the placenta to exert harmful effects into the fetus. Ochratoxins also have a similar carcinogenic and mutagenic profile as aflatoxins. Ochratoxin A is produced by Penicillum verucosum as well as Aspergillus ochraceus. These fungal products are deemed mutagenic and carcinogenic due to their ability to break DNA strands and inhibit their repair mechanisms. There is also significant data linking exposure to Ochratoxin A to a serious and fatal kidney disease called Balkan Endemic Nephropathy.

SOURCE: HTTPS://WWW.MARIJUANAVENTURE.COM/MYCOTOXINS/

FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM P A G E 1 4 S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M

Here are some of our products relevant to mycotoxin testing & research

Product Cat No.

(-)-Altenuene A575740 AAL Toxin TA2 A104485 MyCcaontnoaxbinosids Aflatoxicol A357543 STANDARDS, STANDARDS, Aflatoxin B1 A357460 METABMOELTIATBEOSL,ITES, INTERMIENTDEIRAMTEDSIA ATNESD AND Aflatoxin G2 A357485 STABLES-TLAABBLEE-LAEBDELED Aflatoxin M2 A357505 INTERNIANLTE SRTNALN DSTAARNDASRDS Andrastin A A653283 Beauvericin B119230 Citreoviridin C520560 Enniatin A1 E555995 Fumitremorgin C F862680 Fumonisin B2 F862755 Fusarenon X F865300 HT-2 Toxin H671800 HT-2 Toxin 4-Glucuronide H671810 Isoergocristine I815715 Ochratoxin B O148500 Phomopsin A P380005 Rubratoxin A R701543

For the complete list of Mycotoxins, please visit www.synfine-standards.com

STABLE LABELED

Product Cat No.

(-)-Citrinin-13C,d2 C523502 Aflatoxin B1-13C,d3 A357463 Aflatoxin G2-d3 A357487 Aflatoxin M1-d3 A357502 Diacetoxyscirpenol-d6 D307552 Fumonisin B1-13C4 F862752 Fumonisin B2-13C4 F862757 HT-2 Toxin-13C2,D3 H671802 Ochratoxin A-d5 O148492 Ochratoxin B-d5 O148502 Patulin-13C3 P206502 rac Zearalenone-d6 Z270502 α-Zearalenol-d4 Z270473

FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT: WWW.SYNFINE-STANDARDS.COM Standard Pesticide Mixtures

01 Canada Cannabis Pesticide Mix 95 Pesticides (Health Canada Mandate)

02 Pesticide Mix 01 (28 Pesticides)(0.1 mg/mL each in Acetonitrile)

03 Pesticide Mix 02 (27 Pesticides)(0.1 mg/mL each in Acetonitrile)

04 Pesticide Mix 03 (39 Pesticides)(0.1 mg/mL each in Acetonitrile) I S O A C C R E D I A T E D

J U S T B E C A U S E C A N N A B I S I S L E G A L D O E S N ' T M E A N I T ' S S A F E

Synfine Research offers a wide range of testing Through the use of sophisticated analytical equipment services to ensure that your product meets and established methods, Synfine's scientists can regulatory standards and complies with maximum provide the required testing to ensure, identify and residue levels (MELs) established by most countries. satisfy the safety of the cannabis products as per In order to protect consumers and to comply with Health Canada ACMPR guidelines. strict legislation worldwide, residue testing is mandatory by many governing health authorities. Services: * Complete cannabis testing Why is Cannabis Testing Important? * Cannabinoid potency Health Canada has not formally provided the * Pesticide detection requirements for uniformly standardized testing of * Terpenes profiling cannabis products. Understanding the content of * Heavy metal detection various cannabis products is vital for the consumer. * Residual solvents That is why most reputable producers are relying on * Microbiology third-party laboratories to verify their products efficacy. Synfine Research lab is a privately owned * Loss on drying independent testing lab with more than thirty years' * Aflatoxin analysis experience in analytical testing. * Gender determination Synfine is not affiliated with any licensed cannabis For more details: producers, consumers or brands, and has no vested www.synfine-standards.com interest in the outcome, and can provide independent trusted testing to both the producer and consumer. H E A L T H C A N A D A A P P R O V E D S P E C I A L I N T R O D U C T O R Y D I S C O U N T

V I S I T S Y N F I N E - S T A N D A R D S . C O M F O R M O R E D E T A I L S