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Annual Growth Ring Patterns in Brachystegia Spiciformis Reveal Influence of Precipitation on Tree Growth1
BIOTROPICA 38(3): 375–382 2006 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00155.x Annual Growth Ring Patterns in Brachystegia spiciformis Reveal Influence of Precipitation on Tree Growth1 Valerie´ Trouet Vegetation Dynamics Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, 302 Walker Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, U.S.A. Pol Coppin2 Laboratory for Forest, Nature and Landscape Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Vital Decosterstraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and Hans Beeckman3 Laboratory for Wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium ABSTRACT The availability of exactly dated tree-ring chronologies is limited in tropical regions. However, these chronologies could contribute widely to studies of the influence of natural and human-induced factors on tropical forests. We examine the potential for building a chronology based on three sites in the miombo woodland of western Zambia. Brachystegia spiciformis Benth., a dominant species from this vegetation type, is used. Response of the chronology to several climatic factors is examined. All specimens showed very clear growth rings, and cross-dating between radii of a tree was successful for all trees. Site chronologies could be constructed after cross-dating of growth ring series of individual trees. The mean growth ring curves of the three sites were significantly similar, allowing for the construction of a regional chronology. Correlation function analysis between the tree-ring chronology and regional climatic variables revealed that climate at the core of the rainy season, in December and January, has an explicit influence on tree growth. Where precipitation and relative humidity in these months influence tree growth positively, temperature correlates in a negative way. -
Multi?Host Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Are Predominant in a Guinean Tropical
Environmental Microbiology (2010) 12(8), 2219–2232 doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02183.x Multi-host ectomycorrhizal fungi are predominant in a Guinean tropical rainforest and shared between canopy trees and seedlingsemi_2183 2219..2232 Abdala Gamby Diédhiou,1,2*† Marc-André Selosse,3 lings harboured a similar fungal community. These Antoine Galiana,1 Moussa Diabaté,1,4 findings suggest that there was a potential for the Bernard Dreyfus,1 Amadou Moustapha Bâ,1,5 formation of common mycorrhizal networks in close Sergio Miana de Faria6 and Gilles Béna1 vicinity. However, no significant difference was 1Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et detected for the d13C and d15N values between seed- Méditerranéennes, UMR113 – INRA/AGRO- lings and adults of each ECM plant, and no ECM M/CIRAD/IRD/UM2 – TA10/J, Campus International de species exhibited signatures of mixotrophy. Our Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. results revealed (i) variation in ECM fungal diversity 2Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, according to the seedling versus adult development IRD/UCAD/ISRA, BP 1386 Dakar, Sénégal. stage of trees and (ii) low host specificity of ECM 3Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS, fungi, and indicated that multi-host fungi are more UMR 5175), Equipe Interactions Biotiques, 1919 Route abundant than single-host fungi in this forest stand. de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. 4Institut de Recherche Agronomique de Guinée, Division Introduction des Cultures Pérennes, Programme Recherche Forestière, BP 1523, Conakry, République de Guinée. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis involves soil fungi and 5Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, tree roots. It provides mineral nutrients, water and protec- Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université tion against pathogens to the plant which, as a reward, des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 592, 97159 provides carbon to its fungal partner (Smith and Read, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France. -
The Avifauna of Two Woodlands in Southeast Tanzania
Scopus 25: 2336, December 2005 The avifauna of two woodlands in southeast Tanzania Anders P. Tøttrup, Flemming P. Jensen and Kim D. Christensen In Tanzania Brachystegia or miombo woodland occupies about two-thirds of the country including the central plateau to the north and the south eastern plateau (Lind & Morrison 1974). Along the coast more luxuriant woodlands are found in what White (1983) terms the Zanzibar-Inhambane regional mosaic floristic region. This highly complex vegetation comprises unique types of forest, thicket, woodland, bushland and grassland, interspersed with areas presently under cultivation and fallow (Hawthorne 1993). The coastal woodlands are usually deciduous or semi-deciduous but contain some evergreen species and often merge with coastal thickets, scrub forest and coastal forest (Hawthorne 1993, Vollesen 1994). The avifauna of miombo woodlands has been described for Zambia (e.g. Benson & Irwin 1966) and Zimbabwe (e.g. Vernon 1968, 1984, 1985), while little has been published on the birds of the coastal woodlands. An exception is Stjernstedt (1970) who reported on the birds in lush and dense Brachystegia microphylla vegetation in a sea of miombo in southeast Tanzania. Here we report our observations of birds in two woodlands in coastal southeast Tanzania, one of which harboured miombo trees. We present information on the number of species encountered during the fieldwork, and compare the avifauna of the two sites. We discuss possible causes for the differences observed and provide new information on habitat preferences for some of the species we recorded at these sites. Study sites Field work was carried out in two coastal woodlands in the Lindi Region, southeast Tanzania in September and October 2001. -
Gilbertiodendron J
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 78 (2012) 257–265 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Short communication A morphological re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of the genus Pellegriniodendron (Harms) J. Léonard (Leguminosae–Caesalpinioideae–Detarieae) and its inclusion in Gilbertiodendron J. Léonard ⁎ M. de la Estrella a, , J.A. Devesa a, J.J. Wieringa b a Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba 14071, Córdoba, Spain b Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN), Herbarium Vadense (WAG), Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Generaal Foulkesweg 37, 6703 BL Wageningen, The Netherlands Received 9 March 2011; received in revised form 8 April 2011; accepted 18 April 2011 Abstract The taxonomic status of the genus Pellegriniodendron J. Léonard (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), which consists in one tree species endemic to West Central tropical Africa, is re-evaluated. Based on our morphological comparison and on published phylogenetic studies, we conclude that P. diphyllum should be included within the genus Gilbertiodendron J. Léonard, and the new combination Gilbertiodendron diphyllum (Harms) Estrella & Devesa is proposed. A lectotype for Macrolobium reticulatum, synonym of G. diphyllum, is also designated. The species is fully described and illustrated, and a distribution map is also presented. © 2011 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Caesalpinioideae; Fabaceae; Gilbertiodendron; Pellegriniodendron; Taxonomy; Tropical Africa 1. Introduction have been recently revised by Breteler (2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011). Paramacrolobium is easily differenciated from the other Macrolobium Schreb. (Caesalpinioideae: Detarieae), with ± African genera which were previously recognized within 70–80 spp., is now well established as strictly tropical Macrolobium by the combination of eglandular leaflets and American. -
Miombo Ecoregion Vision Report
MIOMBO ECOREGION VISION REPORT Jonathan Timberlake & Emmanuel Chidumayo December 2001 (published 2011) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 20 WWF - SARPO MIOMBO ECOREGION VISION REPORT 2001 (revised August 2011) by Jonathan Timberlake & Emmanuel Chidumayo Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 20 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P.O. Box FM730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe PREFACE The Miombo Ecoregion Vision Report was commissioned in 2001 by the Southern Africa Regional Programme Office of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF SARPO). It represented the culmination of an ecoregion reconnaissance process led by Bruce Byers (see Byers 2001a, 2001b), followed by an ecoregion-scale mapping process of taxa and areas of interest or importance for various ecological and bio-physical parameters. The report was then used as a basis for more detailed discussions during a series of national workshops held across the region in the early part of 2002. The main purpose of the reconnaissance and visioning process was to initially outline the bio-physical extent and properties of the so-called Miombo Ecoregion (in practice, a collection of smaller previously described ecoregions), to identify the main areas of potential conservation interest and to identify appropriate activities and areas for conservation action. The outline and some features of the Miombo Ecoregion (later termed the Miombo– Mopane Ecoregion by Conservation International, or the Miombo–Mopane Woodlands and Grasslands) are often mentioned (e.g. Burgess et al. 2004). However, apart from two booklets (WWF SARPO 2001, 2003), few details or justifications are publically available, although a modified outline can be found in Frost, Timberlake & Chidumayo (2002). Over the years numerous requests have been made to use and refer to the original document and maps, which had only very restricted distribution. -
MTWARA RECONNAISSANCE PROJECT a Reconnaissance to Prioritise Biological Knowledge for Community Conservation Initiatives 2005
MTWARA RECONNAISSANCE PROJECT A Reconnaissance to Prioritise Biological Knowledge for Community Conservation Initiatives 2005 Giulia Wegner Kim M. Howell, Neil Burgess, Paul Rubio & Eibleis Fanning (Eds.) Frontier-Tanzania Forest Environmental Research Programme Mtwara Reconnaissance Project A Reconnaissance to Prioritise Biological Knowledge for Community Conservation Initiatives 2005 Wegner, G. Howell, K. M., Burgess N., Fanning, E. & Rubio, P. (Eds.) Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund Frontier-Tanzania University of Dar es Salaam Society for Environmental Exploration Dar es Salaam 2005 Frontier-Tanzania Mtwara Reconnaissance Project – FT MRP Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund – CEPF THE CRITICAL ECOSYSTEM PARTNERSHIP FUND (CEPF) The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund is a joint initiative of Conservation International, the Global Environmental Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. The CEPF is designed to safeguard the world’s threatened biodiversity hotspots in developing countries by providing funding and technical support to civil society. THE UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM (UDSM) The University of Dar es Salaam was established in July 1970 as a centre for learning and research in the arts and the physical, natural, earth, marine, medical and human sciences. The University is surveying and mapping the flora and fauna of Tanzania, and is conducting research into the maintenance and improvement of the environment and the sustainable exploitation of Tanzania’s natural resources. THE SOCIETY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXPLORATION (SEE) The Society for Environmental Exploration was formed in 1989 and is a non-profit making company limited by guarantee. The Society’s objectives are to advance field research into environmental issues, and implement practical projects contributing to the conservation of natural resources. -
SABONET Report No 18
ii Quick Guide This book is divided into two sections: the first part provides descriptions of some common trees and shrubs of Botswana, and the second is the complete checklist. The scientific names of the families, genera, and species are arranged alphabetically. Vernacular names are also arranged alphabetically, starting with Setswana and followed by English. Setswana names are separated by a semi-colon from English names. A glossary at the end of the book defines botanical terms used in the text. Species that are listed in the Red Data List for Botswana are indicated by an ® preceding the name. The letters N, SW, and SE indicate the distribution of the species within Botswana according to the Flora zambesiaca geographical regions. Flora zambesiaca regions used in the checklist. Administrative District FZ geographical region Central District SE & N Chobe District N Ghanzi District SW Kgalagadi District SW Kgatleng District SE Kweneng District SW & SE Ngamiland District N North East District N South East District SE Southern District SW & SE N CHOBE DISTRICT NGAMILAND DISTRICT ZIMBABWE NAMIBIA NORTH EAST DISTRICT CENTRAL DISTRICT GHANZI DISTRICT KWENENG DISTRICT KGATLENG KGALAGADI DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTHERN SOUTH EAST DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTH AFRICA 0 Kilometres 400 i ii Trees of Botswana: names and distribution Moffat P. Setshogo & Fanie Venter iii Recommended citation format SETSHOGO, M.P. & VENTER, F. 2003. Trees of Botswana: names and distribution. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 18. Pretoria. Produced by University of Botswana Herbarium Private Bag UB00704 Gaborone Tel: (267) 355 2602 Fax: (267) 318 5097 E-mail: [email protected] Published by Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), c/o National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001 Pretoria and University of Botswana Herbarium, Private Bag UB00704, Gaborone. -
Taxonomy and Biodiversity Conservation in Central Africa
Portugaliae Acta Biol. 19: 61-70. Lisboa, 2000 TAXONOMY AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN CENTRAL AFRICA J. Lejoly Université libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et de Phytosociologie - CP 169, 50 Av. F. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles- Belgium Lejoly, J. (2000). Taxonomy and Biodiversity Conservation in Central Africa. Portugaliae Acta Biol. 19: 61-70. The evaluation of the biodiversity studies carried out during 7 years by Ecofac program (Conservation and rational utilization of forests ecosystems in Central Africa, E.C.) is presented for six countries from Central Africa: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe. Key words: Biodiversity, taxonomy, Central Africa, conservation. Lejoly, J. (2000). Taxonomia e Conservação da Biodiversi- dade na África Central. Portugaliae Acta Biol. 19: 61-70. A avaliação dos estudos de biodiversidade levada a cabo durante 7 anos pelo programa Ecofac (Conservação e utilização racional de ecossistemas florestais na África Central, E.C.) é apresentada para seis países da África Central: Camarões, República Centro-Africana, Congo- -Brazavile, Guiné Equatorial, Gabão e São Tomé e Príncipe. Palavras chave: Biodiversidade, taxonomia, África Central, conservação. INTRODUCTION The western part of Central Africa has a high level of biodiversity. During the last decades, very few collections were carried out and its Flora is not well known. For this reason, a multidisciplinary program (Ecofac: Conservation and rational utilization of forest ecosystems in Central Africa ) was undertaken by the European Union in 6 countries of Central Africa (Fig. 1 and Table 1). The main objective of this paper is to present the progress in the study of plant biodiversity in connection with Ecofac program since 1993. -
The Miombo Ecoregion
The Dynamic of the Conservation Estate (DyCe) Summary Report: The Miombo Ecoregion Prepared by UNEP-WCMC and the University of Edinburgh for the Luc Hoffmann Institute Authors: Vansteelant, N., Lewis, E., Eassom, A., Shannon-Farpón, Y., Ryan C.M, Pritchard R., McNicol I., Lehmann C., Fisher J. and Burgess, N. Contents Summary ....................................................................................................................................2 The Luc Hoffmann Institute and the Dynamics of the Conservation Estate project .................3 The Miombo ecoregion ..............................................................................................................3 The Social-Ecological System ...................................................................................................6 The Social System......................................................................................................................7 The Ecological System ..............................................................................................................9 Forest Cover .............................................................................................................................12 Vegetation types.......................................................................................................................13 Biodiversity values...................................................................................................................15 Challenges for conservation .....................................................................................................16 -
Miocene Diversification in the Savannahs Precedes Tetraploid
Miocene diversification in the Savannahs precedes tetraploid rainforest radiation in the african tree genus Afzelia (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) Armel Donkpegan, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Myriam Heuertz, Rosalía Piñeiro To cite this version: Armel Donkpegan, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Myriam Heuertz, Rosalía Piñeiro. Miocene diversification in the Savannahs precedes tetraploid rainforest radiation in the african treegenus Afzelia (Detarioideae, Fabaceae). Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers, 2020, 11, pp.1-14. 10.3389/fpls.2020.00798. hal-02906073 HAL Id: hal-02906073 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02906073 Submitted on 24 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License fpls-11-00798 June 17, 2020 Time: 15:14 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 17 June 2020 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00798 Miocene Diversification in the Savannahs Precedes Tetraploid Rainforest Radiation in the African Tree Genus Afzelia (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) Armel S. L. Donkpegan1,2,3*, Jean-Louis -
IAWA Journal, Vol. 14 (2),1993: 173-185 BARK STRUCTURE and PREFERENTIAL BARK UTILISATION by the AFRICAN ELEPHANT by J Ohn W
IAWA Journal, Vol. 14 (2),1993: 173-185 BARK STRUCTURE AND PREFERENTIAL BARK UTILISATION BY THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT by J ohn W. Malan I and Abraham E. van Wyk 2 1 Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology, 2H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 Republic of South Africa Swnmary Bark fracture properties are thought to In any particular area, elephants show a influence the debarking of selected trees by preference for stripping and ingesting the the African elephant. This hypo thesis was bark of certain tree species; bark of Acacia tested for large riverine tree species in the tortilis and A. nigrescens are especially fa Northern Tuli Game Reserve, Botswana. An voured. Elephants loosen the bark with their index of bark breakage strength and pliability tusks and then strip it off. Even if only apart of secondary phloem tissue was compiled for of the bark is stripped off, debarked trees are 11 common riverine species, and the bark susceptible to further damage by fire, insect anatomy of these species was investigated to borers and fungi, and often succumb to their determine relative fibrosity. The majority of injuries (Thomson 1975). species preferred by elephants have strong Little is known about the effects of bark and pliable barks, associated with a high pro structure and strength on the extent of debark portion of fibres. However, not all preferred ing. In fact, the possible influence of plant species have these characteristics, which in fracture properties on animal behaviour is dicates that factors other than bark fracture rarely considered (Vincent 1990). -
Improving the Taxonomy of Fossil Pollen Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Superresolution Microscopy
Improving the taxonomy of fossil pollen using convolutional neural networks and superresolution microscopy Ingrid C. Romeroa,1, Shu Kongb,c, Charless C. Fowlkesc, Carlos Jaramillod,e,f, Michael A. Urbana,g, Francisca Oboh-Ikuenobeh, Carlos D’Apolitoi, and Surangi W. Punyasenaa,1 aDepartment of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; bRobotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; cDepartment of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; dCenter for Tropical Paleoecology and Archaeology, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, 0843-03092, Panama; eInstitut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Études, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, 34095, France; fDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain; gDepartment of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada; hDepartment of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409; and iFaculdade de Geociencias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, 78000, Brazil Edited by Peter R. Crane, Yale University, Upperville, VA, and approved September 25, 2020 (received for review April 25, 2020) Taxonomic resolution is a major challenge in palynology, largely material mounted on slides (9). Airyscan captures the three- limiting the ecological and evolutionary interpretations possible dimensional