DOCSLIB.ORG

Estimating the Size of Key Populations for HIV in Singapore Using The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Estimating the Size of Key Populations for HIV in Singapore Using The Epidemiology Sex Transm Infect: first published as 10.1136/sextrans-2018-053747 on 9 May 2019. Downloaded from ORIGINAL ARTICLE Estimating the size of key populations for HIV in Singapore using the network scale-up method Alvin Kuo Jing Teo, 1 Kiesha Prem,1 Mark I C Chen,1,2 Adrian Roellin,1,3 Mee Lian Wong,1 Hanh Hao La,4,5 Alex R Cook1,3 ► Additional material is ABSTRact applied in various countries to estimate sizes of published online only. To view Objectives To develop a localised instrument and at-risk populations. It was simple to implement please visit the journal online 5 (http:// dx. doi. org/ 10. 1136/ Bayesian statistical method to generate size estimates— and less expensive, and yielded important infor- sextrans- 2018- 053747). adjusted for transmission error and barrier effects—of mation for individual country-level HIV prevention at-risk populations in Singapore. programme planning, monitoring and evalua- 1 Saw Swee Hock School Methods We conducted indepth interviews and tion.6–8 Given these successes, the NSUM may be of Public Health, National focus group to guide the development of the survey suitable for behavioural surveillance in Singapore, University of Singapore, Singapore questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered and it is therefore of interest that we evaluate the 2Infectious Disease Research between July and August 2017 in Singapore. Using feasibility of using a similar strategy locally. Find- and Training Office, National the network scale-up method (NSUM), we developed ings from this study will inform the development Centre for Infectious Diseases, a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the number of the tools and methodologies to estimate the size Singapore 3Department of Statistics and of individuals in four hidden populations at risk of HIV. of populations at risk of HIV and provide pertinent Applied Probability, National The method accounted for both transmission error and information to complement the national-level HIV University of Singapore, barrier effects using social acceptance measures and surveillance system. Singapore 4 demographics. The objectives of this study are to generate esti- Center for High Impact Results The adjusted size estimate of the population of mates of the size of four key populations at risk of Philanthropy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, male clients of female sex workers was 72 000 (95% CI HIV—male clients of female sex workers (MCFSW), Pennsylvania, USA 51 000 to 100 000), of female sex workers 4200 (95% MSM, female sex workers (FSW) and intravenous 5Center for Public Health CI 1600 to 10 000), of men who have sex with men 210 drug users (IVDU)—and develop methods to incor- Initiatives, University of 000 (95% CI 140 000 to 300 000) and of intravenous porate parameters that may account for both trans- Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA drug users 11 000 (95% CI 6500 to 17 000). mission error and barrier effects that are inherent Conclusions The NSUM with adjustment for attitudes in the NSUM. Correspondence to and demographics allows national-level estimates of Dr Alex R Cook, National multiple priority populations to be determined from University Singapore Saw Swee simple surveys of the general population, even in METHODS http://sti.bmj.com/ Hock School of Public Health, relatively conservative societies. Overview Singapore 117549; alex. richard. We developed and fielded the NSUM survey4 and cook@ gmail. com developed a Bayesian hierarchical NSUM model AKJT and KP contributed to determine the national-level size estimates of equally. INTRODUCTION key populations at risk of HIV in Singapore. The The HIV epidemic in Singapore is classified as low approach is outlined below and detailed in the Received 27 June 2018 level but is likely to be a concentrated epidemic on September 30, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. Revised 1 April 2019 online supplementary material. Accepted 10 April 2019 among key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM).1 2 Most new HIV infections occur among men, and 95% of cases were acquired Questionnaire design through sexual transmission in 2016.3 Like many First, we conducted formative research between Asian countries, Singapore does not currently have March and May 2017 to adapt the NSUM to the a systematic approach to collect data on the size Singapore context. Four focus group discussions of key populations that are most likely to acquire using homogeneous participants and nine indepth and transmit HIV. Without these populations size interviews were conducted with key stakeholders estimates, it is challenging to generate reliable working in the field of HIV/AIDS—clinicians, © Author(s) (or their projections of the number of people with HIV, academics, programme officers, social workers, employer(s)) 2019. Re-use effectively plan or evaluate prevention and treat- counsellors and policymakers—to guide the devel- permitted under CC BY-NC. No ment responses, or allocate resources. opment of the size estimation component of the commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published The network scale-up method (NSUM) is a HIV surveillance system in Singapore. Participants by BMJ. relatively new and promising approach to esti- were purposively sampled by the research team to mate the size of hard-to-reach populations at maximise efficiency and data validity. Information To cite: Teo AKJ, risk of HIV/AIDS.4 It involves estimation of the collected from the formative assessment was used Prem K, Chen MIC, et al. Sex Transm Infect Epub ahead personal network size of a representative sample to develop the survey questionnaire, as detailed in of print: [please include Day of the general population and, with this infor- online supplementary table 1 and online supple- Month Year]. doi:10.1136/ mation, estimation of the number of members of mentary table 2. The questionnaire was pilot-tested sextrans-2018-053747 a hidden subpopulation. This method has been prior to the main survey. Teo AKJ, et al. Sex Transm Infect 2019;0:1–6. doi:10.1136/sextrans-2018-053747 1 Epidemiology Sex Transm Infect: first published as 10.1136/sextrans-2018-053747 on 9 May 2019. Downloaded from Data source population sizes. A mean 1 random effect αi for each participant The Singapore Population Health Studies (SPHS) is a consor- was used to characterise variability in network size. Non-inform- tium of several population health cohorts in Singapore, namely ative prior distributions were assigned to the subpopulation sizes the Multi-Ethnic Cohort, Diabetic Cohort and Singapore and the scaling parameter, and a non-informative hyperprior for Health Study. The sampling method for the cohort studies has the precision of the random effect. The fitted model was also been previously described.9 10 We recruited SPHS participants used to estimate the average social network size, λS , where S is between 21 and 70 years old. Those who were illiterate or did the size of the population living in Singapore. not fulfil the age criteria were excluded. Because the basic model does not account for two structural features that may bias estimates of the four key populations at Data collection risk of HIV/AIDS, two variants of the basic model were consid- Out of the 269 individuals approached between July and August ered—transmission error model and transmission error and 2017, 17 did not fulfil the age criteria, while 53 were either barrier effect model—both described below. The former accounts illiterate or declined to participate. In total, 199 individuals for transmission error by incorporating respondents’ perception were recruited. The SPHS and research staff explained the study of that population. The latter builds on the former by incorpo- and answered any questions that the participant had before rating demographics, which may be associated with the chance the questionnaire was completed onsite. The self-administered of knowing people in the hidden populations. questionnaire was made available in the three main languages in Singapore—Chinese, English and Malay. The questionnaire Transmission error model was anonymous and verbal consent was obtained from all partic- We attempted to adjust for transmission error—the possibility ipants. Participants were reimbursed with S$10 (~US$7.30) on that members of the hidden population might not divulge completion. membership to some of their contacts—by introducing a correc- tion factor to estimate the size of the at-risk populations. In this Measures model, the mean of the Poisson variate of the number of at-risk The questionnaire sought participants’ sociodemographic infor- populations is modified to account for the individual’s percep- mation, their opinions about certain behaviours, the social tion of that population measured through the variable xi,j : standing of different groups of people and their opinions on H H N Po λαi exp βl xi,l Ul S penal code section 377A.11 Participants were requested to quan- i,l ∼ − l ( ) tify the number of people whom they knew from a list of 24 where U l is the upper bound of the{ Likert[ scale]} for the question specified populations (the 19 known populations are listed in to which xi,l corresponds, and β (if >0) lowers the mean number online supplementary table 4) and how have they been in contact of people belonging to a hidden population who are known with one person from each category within the last year (the one to the individual and whose membership of the hidden popu- person being the most recently contacted). lation is known to the individual, if that individual expresses In this study, we defined knowing a person as follows: A an unfavourable attitude towards that population. For instance, knows B if (1) A knows B by name and sight, and vice versa; (2) someone who has an unfavourable attitude towards MSM may B is currently living in Singapore; and (3) A had contact with B know fewer people who have confided their sexuality to that at least once in the last 12 months.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Singapore Score: 80.21 | Rank: 6/24
    COUNTRY: SINGAPORE SCORE: 80.21 | RANK: 6/24 Singapore has modern digital economy laws in most areas. For example, the Electronic Transactions Act 2010 implements the United Nations Convention on Electronic Contracting, which Singapore has ratified. Singapore also has up-to-date cybercrime laws and intellectual property laws. Singapore privacy law provides a balanced approach between protecting personal information and facilitating innovation in cloud computing and the digital economy. However, there have been some recent trends suggesting Singapore may be looking to establish unique national standards for the IT sector. For example, Singapore adopted the Singapore-specific Multi-Tier Cloud Security (MTCS) Singapore Standard, which arbitrarily assigns levels to cloud computing services imposing distinct requirements on particular levels. Singapore has some minor Internet censorship in place but generally promotes innovative business practices that are free from tariffs and government intervention. Singapore is generally committed to adopting international standards throughout the IT and security sectors. Singapore has excellent information (IT) infrastructure and is developing a national network to bring high-speed fiber to the home. There were very few changes in Singapore’s results from the previous Scorecard. The minor jump in the rankings — from seventh to sixth — is a result of the rebalancing of the Scorecard methodology. # SINGAPORE RESPONSE EXPLANATORY TEXT DATA PRIVACY (SCORE: 8.3/12.5 | RANK: 13/24) 1. Is a data protection law or 4 Singapore passed the Personal Data Protection Act in October 2012. regulation in place? 2. What is the scope and coverage Sectoral The legislation covers the private sector. It does not cover government agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Autonomous Vehicles: the Case of Singapore
    4rd International Conference on Public Policy (ICPP4) June 26-28, 2019 – Montreal, Canada Panel T13P04 Session 1 Governing AI and Autonomous Systems Title of the paper Adaptive and experimental governance in the implementation of autonomous vehicles: The case of Singapore Authors Si Ying Tan and Araz Taeihagh Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore Friday, June 28th 2019 10:30 to 12:30 (Room: MB S2.455) 1 Adaptive and experimental governance in the implementation of autonomous vehicles: The case of Singapore Si Ying Tan and Araz Taeihagh1 Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore Abstract While autonomous vehicle (AV) is dubbed as an innovative and disruptive transport solution that could potentially ease congestion and facilitate seamless mobility, there have been debates and discussions on the technological risks that AVs can pose, and the extent to which AVs are ready for large-scale deployment. Using a case study approach that combines both primary and secondary research, this paper examines the policy development and policy implementation experience of AVs in Singapore. We first charted the trajectory of AV adoption and regulatory progression of AVs in Singapore. We then analysed the five major technological risks and implications involved in AV deployment in Singapore, which include safety, privacy, cybersecurity, liability and effects on the incumbent industry. We also examined policy measures that have been taken so far to minimise the risks and implications. We further evaluated the various governing strategies adopted by the Singapore government in AV deployment. Our findings reveal that provisions within the current legislations continue to govern privacy, cybersecurity and liability issues, while a five-year regulatory sandbox has been implemented to govern the safety of AVs.
    [Show full text]
  • MIT–Singapore University of Technology and Design Collaboration
    MIT–Singapore University of Technology and Design Collaboration The collaboration between MIT and the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) builds on more than a decade of MIT education and research activities in Singapore. It is the largest and most complex university capacity-building endeavor in MIT’s history. Founded in 2009 through a partnership between MIT and Singapore’s government, the MIT–SUTD Collaboration was established to promote a better exchange of information between MIT and SUTD. This collaboration is multifaceted and has included the development and offering of curriculum, establishment of the major co- located research center, and recruitment and professional development of SUTD’s university leadership team and faculty. This year was significant in that it marked the end of the seven-year education component of the collaboration agreement. The research component of the agreement continues through June 30, 2020. Education Activities The sixth cohort of students at the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) began their three-and-a-half-year journey on May 9, 2017. Of the approximately 439 students, 37% were female, a percentage similar to that of last year’s cohort, although not as high as in previous years. The decrease of 28 matriculated students from the 2016 to the 2017 cohort was attributable to several factors. These include overall shrinking population in Singapore (8% fewer students sat for the A level exams in 2016), lowering admission criteria from other top universities in Singapore leading to more students being admitted at other top universities, as well as increased competition from the National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological University, which have offered programs similar to those at SUTD.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Food Culture in Everyday Nationalism the Case of Singapore’S Hawker Centres
    UNIVERSITEIT VAN AMSTERDAM The Role of Food Culture in Everyday Nationalism The case of Singapore’s Hawker Centres Kelly Ong (11706791) 6/14/2018 Master Thesis in Human Geography 2017 – 2018 Supervisor: Virginie Mamadouh Word Count: 25 000 1 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Everyday Nationalism .................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Meaning of the everyday ..................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Concept of Sedimentation ................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.3 Concept of Human Agency .................................................................................................................. 12 2.1.4 Concept of Identification and Categorization .................................................................................... 13 2.1.5 Summary: Everyday Nationalism ...................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Food Culture ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • SC69 Doc. 29.3 A5
    Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) - Singapore’s Second Report Introduction 1. On 19 January 2017, Singapore submitted a report (Appendix) in line with Step 1(b) of the Guidelines to the National Ivory Action Plan (NIAP) Process (Annex 3 to Resolution Conf. 10.10 (Rev. CoP17)). The report provided additional information about Singapore’s approach and specific measures to comprehensively combat the illegal trade in ivory and other wildlife. This was information not taken into account in the Elephant Trade Information System (ETIS) Report (CoP 17 Doc 57.6 Rev I) that identified Singapore as a country of primary concern for the illegal ivory trade. The report was circulated by the CITES Secretariat to the CITES Standing Committee (SC). 2. The report highlighted Singapore’s commitment to combating the illegal trade in ivory and wildlife and our determination not to be a conduit for such trade. To recap, Singapore adopts a comprehensive range of measures. We have a robust domestic framework that combines strong enforcement efforts, tough laws and heavy penalties. We adopt an action- oriented approach to intelligence reports and employ a comprehensive risk assessment framework to carry out strict inspections of travellers and cargo. We take pro-active steps to raise public awareness on this issue, and to continuously train and upskill our enforcement officers. We cooperate with international partners in sharing information, enforcement operations, and tracing poaching hotspots. The report also addressed methodological concerns with the ETIS Report and its conclusions. 3. For these reasons, Singapore disagreed with the conclusion in the ETIS Report that Singapore should be considered a country of primary concern.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Mobile Phone Data to Examine Weather Impacts on Recreational Ecosystem Services in an Urban Protected Area Wanggi Jaung1,2* & L
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Using mobile phone data to examine weather impacts on recreational ecosystem services in an urban protected area Wanggi Jaung1,2* & L. Roman Carrasco3,4 Mobile phone big data can ofer new opportunities for identifying weather impacts on recreational ecosystem services in protected areas. This could be useful to assess how climate change could afect recreational ecosystem services. To explore these opportunities, we utilize mobile phone data and examine impacts of tropical weather (temperature, rainfall, and wind) and holidays on visitor numbers and stay time in an urban protected area in Singapore. These impacts were analyzed by visitors’ home regions and ethnic groups as well. The study results showed that rising temperatures below 31.7 °C had positive impacts on visitor numbers, in contrast to the common perception that cooler temperatures would be always preferred for outdoor activities in a tropical region. Meanwhile, these rising temperatures reduced visitor stay time in the protected area. Rain and wind had limited impacts on visitors. Compared to the weather variables, holidays had bigger impacts on visitors, particularly the Chinese group and those visitors living not close to the protected area. The study results highlight several advantages of mobile phone data application to analyzing weather impacts on public use of urban protected areas. Monitoring visitors is vital for managing protected areas. As one of the last remaining habitats for wildlife, protected areas not only play an essential role in conserving biodiversity, including those protected areas within human-dominated regions1, but also support public well-being by providing recreational opportunities2. Rec- reational activities in nature help visitors improve physical and mental health, and allow visitors to have cultural and spiritual experiences in nature 3–6.
    [Show full text]
  • Financial Reporting Matters | June 2014 | Issue 47 | KPMG Singapore
    FINANCIAL REPORTING MATTERS June 2014 ISSUE 47 | MICA (P) 062/11/2013 The Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) has stepped up efforts in reviewing financial statements to monitor compliance with the Companies Act and Singapore Financial Reporting Standards. Directors who are legally responsible for the preparation of financial statements are personally answerable to all breaches identified by ACRA under the Financial Reporting Surveillance Programme. What should directors do to effectively discharge their legal responsibilities under the Companies Act? What happens when directors fail to fulfil their responsibilities? We help answer these questions in this issue. On 29 May 2014, the Accounting Standards Council (ASC) announced that Singapore-incorporated companies listed on the Singapore Exchange (SGX) will apply a new financial reporting framework identical to the International Financial Reporting Standards from 2018. What are the opportunities and the challenges? Read this section to find out more. A new global standard on revenue recognition published by the IASB and the FASB may have a significant impact on the headline revenues of companies offering bundled products and services, or whose long-term construction projects span more than one year. Read this section to find out which industries may be most impacted. On the international front, the final version of the new accounting standard for financial instruments IFRS 9 is expected to be issued in 2014 and full convergence on lease accounting under IFRS and US GAAP seems unlikely after the IASB and FASB disagreed on key aspects of the proposals. Read the section on International developments to find out more. Contents 2 8 14 Financial Reporting Surveillance Full convergence with IFRS in 2018: A new global standard on revenue Programme targets Company mixed bag of opportunities and recognition Directors challenges 21 International developments 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Bronchiectasis Requiring Hospitalisation in Singapore
    Early View Original research article Epidemiology and economic burden of bronchiectasis requiring hospitalisation in Singapore Hwee Pin Phua, Wei-Yen Lim, Ganga Ganesan, Joanne Yoong, Kelvin Bryan Tan, John Arputhan Abisheganaden, Albert Yick Hou Lim Please cite this article as: Phua HP, Lim W-Y, Ganesan G, et al. Epidemiology and economic burden of bronchiectasis requiring hospitalisation in Singapore. ERJ Open Res 2021; in press (https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00334-2021). This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the ERJ Open Research. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJOR online. Copyright ©The authors 2021. This version is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0. For commercial reproduction rights and permissions contact [email protected] Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Bronchiectasis Requiring Hospitalization in Singapore Authors: Hwee Pin Phua1, Wei-Yen Lim1, Ganga Ganesan2, Joanne Yoong3, Kelvin Bryan Tan2, John Arputhan Abisheganaden4, Albert Yick Hou Lim4 Phua HP & Lim WY are joint first authors on this paper Affiliations 1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital 2 Information, Technology and Data Group, Ministry of Health Singapore 3 Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California 4 Department for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital Corresponding author: Name: Lim Wei-Yen Address: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore Postal Code: S(308433) City: Singapore Country: Singapore Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Background and objective: Little is known about the epidemiology and cost of bronchiectasis in Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Trajectories and Lost Heritage of Early Chinese Schools in Singapore – Case Study of Yeung Ching School in ‘Chinatown’
    This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Historical trajectories and lost heritage of early Chinese schools in Singapore – case study of Yeung Ching School in ‘Chinatown’ Qu, Jingyi; Wong, Chee Meng 2019 Qu, J., & Wong, C. M. (2019). Historical trajectories and lost heritage of early Chinese schools in Singapore – case study of Yeung Ching School in ‘Chinatown’. Asian Ethnicity, 20(4), 399‑417. doi:10.1080/14631369.2018.1484279 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/143313 https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2018.1484279 This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Asian Ethnicity, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/14631369.2018.1484279 Downloaded on 01 Oct 2021 05:54:29 SGT Historical Trajectories and Lost Heritage of Early Chinese Schools in Singapore – Case Study of Yeung Ching School in ‘Chinatown’ Qu Jingyia *, Wong Chee Mengb ABSTRACT The history of modern Chinese schools in Singapore may be traced back to the early 20th century, when efforts to provide vernacular education in the British colony were made by community leaders across Chinese dialect groups, with support of the Qing Empire. Only a handful of these were selected as elite schools for bilingual education under the Special Assistance Plan (SAP) introduced in 1979 in independent Singapore. This paper examines the historical trajectories of these early schools from early association with Chinese nationalism to becoming multi-ethnic schools or simply defunct. It will focus on the case of the former Yeung Ching School in ‘Chinatown’ catering to the Cantonese community, to explore how the legacy of a Chinese school may be impacted by state formation and urban development since the 1950s, and also to point out a gap in current heritagisation pertaining to the role of education in shaping cultural identities.
    [Show full text]
  • Section on Prevention in the Mining Industry
    Section on Prevention in the Mining Industry NEWSLETTER | # 11 | May 2018 SEVEN GOLDEN RULES NOW GLOBAL PAGE 2 INTERVIEW WITH ISSA MINING’S NEW VICE PRESIDENTS PAGE 14 THAILAND IN VISION ZERO POLE POSITION PAGE 19 FEATURE From mining to all sectors: VISION ZERO and the 7 Golden Rules. Worldwide! The XXI World Congress on Safety and safety at work are taken in all In the end, every delegate was convinced and Health at Work in Singapore facets. that Vision Zero is definitely possible; the 2017 proved to be a true milestone address of Dr William Tan would have for Vision Zero and the Seven Golden With impulses from the International ultimately made the last person in doubt Rules, highlighted in literally every Labour Organization (ILO), the Interna- realize this. The Neuroscientist, physician, keynote. Singapore demonstrated tional Social Security Association (ISSA) marathon finisher and Paralympics athlete impressively that the country was and Singapore’s Ministry of Manpower, told his personal story of mastering the ideal host, showing a true Congress President Ho Siong Hin challenges and seizing opportunities where commitment by experts and the created an event the delegates will others would see problem: In his words, industry alike. Businesses in Singa- never forget. “I-m-possible”. Singapore could not have pore proved how serious health concluded with a better final chord. “See opportunities when others see problems,” recommended physician, neuroscientist and Paralympic William Tan. PAGE 2 FEATURE VISION ZERO has arrived on the international stage – ISSA’s new prevention strategy was visible in every facet of the congress and part of every keynote.
    [Show full text]
  • Setting up the Singapore Cancer Registry
    SINGAPORE CANCER REGISTRY 50TH ANNIVERSARY MONOGRAPH 1968 – 2017 © HEALTH PROMOTION BOARD All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ii | 50 YEARS OF CANCER REGISTRATION MESSAGE FROM MINISTER FOR HEALTH Cancer is the leading cause of death in Singapore and has significant societal and economic impact on the patients and their families, as well as the healthcare system. It is thus important that we remain steadfast in our journey to promote research, partnerships and public health initiatives to tackle this challenge. Through the years, the Singapore Cancer Registry has been an integral part of this journey. Since its founding in 1968, the Registry has amassed a wealth of epidemiologic data that has allowed us to formulate evidence- based cancer-related policies, as well as develop and evaluate targeted control measures in Singapore. Its contributions to the research community have put Singapore on the international map for cancer research. I also want to thank our healthcare professionals who work tirelessly behind the scenes to put the data and publications together. My heartiest congratulations to the Registry on its 50th Anniversary Monograph. Let us look to the next 50 years as we continue to advance our knowledge and expertise in cancer research and management. Mr Gan Kim Yong Minister for Health 50 YEARS OF CANCER REGISTRATION | iii MESSAGE FROM DIRECTOR OF MEDICAL SERVICES The Singapore Cancer Registry is an indispensable source of information that informs our policies and approaches targeted to impact the incidence, prevalence and outcomes of cancers in Singapore.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Statement by the United States of America and the Republic of Singapore | Whitehouse.Gov
    3/2/2018 Joint Statement by the United States of America and the Republic of Singapore | whitehouse.gov THIS IS HISTORICAL MATERIAL “FROZEN IN TIME”. THE WEBSITE IS NO LONGER UPDATED AND LINKS TO EXTERNAL WEBSITES AND SOME INTERNAL PAGES MAY NOT WORK. BRIEFING ROOM Your Weekly Address Speeches & Remarks Press Briefings Statements & Releases White House Schedule Presidential Actions Executive Orders Presidential Memoranda Proclamations Legislation Pending Legislation Signed Legislation Vetoed Legislation Nominations & Appointments Disclosures THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE OF THE PRESS SECRETARY SHARE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE AUGUST 02, 2016 THIS: JOINT STATEMENT bY tHE UNITED STATES oF AMERICA aND tHE REPUBLIC oF SINGAPORE https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/08/02/joint-statement-united-states-america-and-republic-singapore 1/8 3/2/2018 Joint Statement by the United States of America and the Republic of Singapore | whitehouse.gov 1. AT THE INVITATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BARACK OBAMA, PRIME MINISTER OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE LEE HSIEN LOONG MADE AN OFFICIAL VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES TO CELEBRATE 50 YEARS OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS AND TO ENHANCE THE BILATERAL STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP. FOR HALF A CENTURY, THE TWO COUNTRIES HAVE BUILT A STRONG RELATIONSHIP ANCHORED BY ROBUST ECONOMIC COOPERATION, SECURITY AND DEFENSE COOPERATION, AND ENDURING PEOPLE-TO- PEOPLE TIES. BEYOND BILATERAL COOPERATION, THE TWO COUNTRIES HAVE WORKED AS CLOSE PARTNERS TO BUILD A RULES-BASED ECONOMIC AND SECURITY ORDER FOR THE ASIA-PACIFIC AND TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES ON THE GLOBAL STAGE, INCLUDING ECONOMIC PROSPERITY, CLIMATE CHANGE, TERRORISM, TRANSNATIONAL CRIME, AND THE PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION.
    [Show full text]