France): Elemental Analysis Using a Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer Aurelien Tafani University of South Florida, [email protected]
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University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 6-28-2016 Social Dynamics and Ceramic Mobility of Final Bronze Age Ceramics in Corsica (France): Elemental Analysis Using a Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer Aurelien Tafani University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Tafani, Aurelien, "Social Dynamics and Ceramic Mobility of Final Bronze Age Ceramics in Corsica (France): Elemental Analysis Using a Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6409 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Social Dynamics and Ceramic Mobility of Final Bronze Age Ceramics in Corsica (France): Elemental Analysis Using a Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer by Aurélien Tafani A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Robert H. Tykot, Ph.D. Sarah Taylor, Ph.D. Nancy Marie White, Ph.D. Date of Approval: June 27, 2016 Keywords: archaeometry, ancient exchange, Corsica, Mediterranean Archaeology, pXRF Copyright © 2016, Aurélien Tafani ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my main advisor, Prof. Robert H. Tykot for his precious advice and for lending me the instrument necessary for this research. I am also thankful to Profs. Sarah Taylor and Nancy Marie White for serving on my thesis committee. I am greatly indebted to Frank Leandri, director of the Regional Direction of Archaeology of Corsica, and to Céline Bressy- Leandri, for granting me the permission to work on the material. Many thanks to Laurence Pinet, in charge of the Sartène museum, for letting me access the collections held there. I would also like to thank French archaeologists Kévin Peche-Quilichini and Florian Soula for their constant support. Table of Contents List of Tables… ............................................................................................................................. iii List of Figures. ............................................................................................................................... iv Abstract……… ................................................................................................................................v Chapter One: Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 Chapter Two: Background ...............................................................................................................6 Physical Setting ....................................................................................................................6 Natural Environment ............................................................................................................7 Cultural Background ............................................................................................................8 Corsican Bronze Age ...........................................................................................................9 Chronology ........................................................................................................................13 Climatic Changes ...............................................................................................................14 The Torre ...........................................................................................................................17 The Casteddi ......................................................................................................................19 Open Villages.....................................................................................................................20 Funerary Contexts ..............................................................................................................21 Megalithic Monuments ......................................................................................................21 Subsistence Practices .........................................................................................................23 Metal Production ................................................................................................................25 Early and Middle Bronze Age Ceramics ...........................................................................25 Final Bronze Age Pottery...................................................................................................26 Interregional Exchanges.....................................................................................................28 Chapter Three: Systemic View of Bronze Age Corsica ................................................................30 Social Organization ............................................................................................................30 Systemic View ..................................................................................................................32 Subsistence Practices .........................................................................................................37 Built Environment ..............................................................................................................40 Craft Production .................................................................................................................42 Alternative Narratives of Social Change ...........................................................................47 Exchange Systems and Social Organization in Bronze Age Corsica ................................51 Chapter Four: Choice of Sites and Methods ..................................................................................54 Choice of Sites ...................................................................................................................54 Cuciurpula ..............................................................................................................55 Cuccuruzzu ............................................................................................................56 i Castidetta-Pozzone .................................................................................................56 Punta Campana ......................................................................................................57 Apazzu Vecchju .....................................................................................................57 Ceccia ....................................................................................................................58 Chemical Composition of Ceramic Material .....................................................................58 Provenience Study of Ceramic Raw Material ....................................................................60 X-ray Fluorescence ............................................................................................................62 Chapter Five: Statistical Analysis of the Results ...........................................................................67 Statistical Analysis of All Samples ....................................................................................67 Relationship between Type of Ware and Compositional Group .......................................71 Chapter Six: Discussion…… .........................................................................................................76 Chapter Seven: Conclusion ............................................................................................................79 References…………… ..................................................................................................................82 Appendix A: Classification and Elemental Composition of the Samples .....................................93 Appendix B: Pictures of the Samples ..........................................................................................103 ii List of Tables Table 1: Total variance explained for all samples .....................................................................67 Table 2: Component score coefficient matrix for all samples ...................................................68 Table 3: Total variance explained for all samples, excluding outliers .......................................69 Table 4: Component score coefficient matrix for all samples, excluding outliers .....................70 Table 5: Proportions of chemical groups for the complete ceramic assemblage by site, with error ranges at the 95% confidence level ...............................................72 Table 6: Proportions of chemical groups for coarse ware by site, with error ranges at the 95% confidence level .........................................................................................73 Table 7: Proportions of chemical groups for fine ware by site, with error ranges at the 95% confidence level .........................................................................................74 Table 8: Results of Pearson Chi-Square for independence test and Cramer’s V test between compositional group